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NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS
TECHNOLOGY
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NAT! INST OF STANDARDS & TECH R.I.C.

A1 11 009901 32

United States. Instl/Thermocouple refere
QC100 .U556 V125;1974 C.I NBS-PUB-C 1974

NBS' MONOGRAPH 125

Thermocouple Reference Tables
Based on the IPTS-68

U.S.

ilPARTMENT
OF

pOMMERCE

National
Bureau
of

Standards

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

The National Bureau of Standards' was established by an act of Congress March 3, 1901.
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1 9 1974

IDO

9^1

Thermocouple Reference Tables
Based on the IPTS-68

Robert L. Powell, William J. Hall,
Clyde H. Hyink, Jr., and Larry L. Sparks

Cryogenics Division
Institute for Basic Standards
National Bureau of Standards
Boulder, Colorado 80302

and

George W. Burns, Margaret G. Scroger, and
Harmon H. Plumb

Heat Division

Institute for Basic Standards
National Bureau of Standards
Washington, D.C. 20234

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Frederick B. Dent, Secrefary
\j NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Richard W. Roberts, Director

issued March 1974

Library of Congress Catalog Number: 73-600214

National Bureau of Standards Monograph 125

Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Monogr. 125, 410 pages (Mar. 1974)
CODEN: NBSMA6

(Supersedes NBS Circular 561 issued April 27, 1955)

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402
(Order by SD Catalog No. C13.44:125). Price S4.55
Stock Number 0303-01177

Contents p.,,

1. Introduction 1

1.1. General summary 1

1.2. Temperature scale and platinum thermoelectric reference standard, Pt-67 3

1.3. Mathematical methods 7

1.4. Material selection and application of data 8

1.5. Acknowledgments 10

1.6. References 10

Noble Metal Thermocouple Combinations

2. Type S: Platinum — 10% rhodium alloy versus platinum thermocouples 13

2.1. Material specifications and precautions 13

2.2. Data analyses and comparisons 14

2.3. Reference functions and tables for Type S thermocouples 16

3. Type R: Platinum — 13% rhodium alloy versus platinum thermocouples 31

3.1. Material specifications and precautions 31

3.2. Data analyses and comparisons 31

3.3. Reference functions and tables for Type R thermocouples 33

4 Type B: Platinum — 30% rhodium alloy versus platinum — 6% rhodium alloy thermocouples 47

4.1. Material specifications and precautions 47

42. Data analyses and comparisons 48

4.3. Reference functions and tables for Type B thermocouples 50

4.4. Reference functions and tables for the positive thermoelement. Type BP, a platinum — 30% rhodium alloy versus

platinum, Pt-67 64

4.5. Reference functions and tables for the negative thermoelement. Type BN, a platinum — 6% rhodium alloy ver-

sus platinum, Pt-67 77

Base Metal Thermocouple Combinations

5. Type E: iVicA:eZ-chromium alloy versus copper-nickel alloy thermocouples 90

5.1. Material specifications and precautions 90

5.2. Data analyses and comparisons 90

5.3. Reference functions and tables for Type E thermocouples 92

Reference functions and tables for the positive thermoelement, Type EP, a nicA;eZ-chromium alloy versus plati-
num, Pt-67 (See section 7.4)

Reference functions and tables for platinimi, Pt-67, versus the negative thermoelement, Type EN, a copper-
nickel alloy (See section 8.5)

6. Type J: Iron versus copper-nickel alloy (SAMA) thermocouples 103

6.1. Material specifications and precautions 103

6.2. Data analyses and comparisons 104

6.3. Reference functions and tables for Type J thermocouples 107

6.4. Reference functions and tables for the positive thermoelement, Type JP, iron versus platinum, Pt-67 119

6.5. Reference functions and tables for platinum, Pt-67, versus the negative thermoelement, Type JN, a copper-

nickel aUoy 128

7. Type K: iVicA;e/-chromium alloy versus nicA;eZ-aluminum alloy thermocouples 137

7.1. Material specifications and precautions 137

7.2. Data analyses and comparisons 138

7.3. Reference functions and tables for Type K thermocouples 140

7.4. Reference functions and tables for the positive thermoelement. Type KP, a nicfceZ-chromium alloy versus plat-

inum, Pt-67 153

7.5. Reference functions and tables for platinum, Pt-67, versus the negative thermoelement. Type KN, a nickel-

aluminum alloy 166

8. Type T: Copper versus copper-nickel alloy thermocouples 179

8.1. Material specifications and precautions 179

8.2. Data analyses and comparisons 180

8.3. Reference functions and tables for Type T thermocouples 182

iii

Page

8.4. Reference functions and tables for the positive thermoelement, Type TP, copper versus platinum, Pt-67 .... 189

8.5. Reference functions and tables for platinum, Pt-67, versus the negative thermoelement. Type TN, a copper-

nickel alloy 29g

Appendices

Al. General introduction 207

A2. Supplementary data for Type S~Platinum-lO% rhodium alloy versus platinum thermocouples 208

A2.1. Data for voltage as a function of temperature 208

A2.2. Data for temperature as a function of voltage 220

A3. Supplementary data for Type R — Platinum-13% rhodium alloy versus platinum thermocouples 229

A3.1. Data for voltage as a function of temperature 229

A3.2. Data for temperature as a function of voltage 241

A4. Supplementary data for Type B — Platinum-30% rhodium alloy versus platinum-6% rhodium alloy thermocouples . 251

A4.1. Data for voltage as a function of temperature 251

A4.2. Data for temperature as a function of voltage 262

A5. Supplementary data for Type E — Nickel-chiommm alloy versus copper-nickel alloy thermocouples 269

A5.1. Data for voltage as a function of temperature 269

A5.2. Data for temperature as a function of voltage 277

A6. Supplementary data for Type J — Iron versus copper-nickel alloy (SAMA) thermocouples 309

A6.1. Data for voltage as a function of temperature 309

A6.2. Data for temperature as a function of voltage 320

A7. Supplementary data for Type K — A'icA:e/-chromium alloy versus nickel-aluminum alloy thermocouples 351

A7.1. Data for voltage as a function of temperature 351

A7.2. Data for temperature as a function of voltage 361

A8. Supplementary data for Type T — Copper versus copper-nickel alloy thermocouples 385

A8.1. Data for voltage as a function of temperature 385

A8.2. Data for temperature as a function of voltage 390

List of Figures

Figure P»8«

2.2.1. Deviations of thermolectric voltages of Type S thermocouples — comparisons of values given in this Monograph to

those for typical thermocouples which conform to the previous Type S standard (NBS Circular 561) 15

2.2.2. Deviation of thermoelectric voltages of Type S thermocouples — comparison of values given in this Monograph to ex-

perimental data by Bedford et al. (1972) 15

2.2.3. Difference in thermoelectric voltages for Type S thermocouples — comparison of values given in this Monograph to

those given in: NBS Circular 561; BSI (B.S. 1826:1952) 15

2.3.1. Thermoelectric voltage for Type S thermocouples 16

2.3.2. Seebeck coefficient for Type S thermocouples . 16

2.3.3. Second derivative of thermoelectric voltage for Type S thermocouples 17

3.2.1. Deviations of thermoelectric voltage of Type R thermocouples — comparison of values given in this Monograph to

those for typical thermocouples which conform to the previous Type R standard (NBS Circular 561) 32

3.2.2. Deviation of thermoelectric voltages of Type R thermocouples — comparison of values given in this Monograph to

experimental data by Bedford et al. (1972) 32

3.2.3. Differences in thermoelectric voltages for Type R thermocouples — comparison of values given in this Monograph

to those given in NBS Circular 561; BSI (B.S. 1826:1962) 32

3.3.1. Thermoelectric voltage for Type R thermocouples 33

3.3.2. Seebeck coefficient for Type R thermocouples 33

3.3.3. Second derivative of thermoelectric voltage for Type R thermocouples 34

4.2.1. Deviations in thermoelectric voltages of Type B thermocouples — comparison of values given in this Monograph to

those given for thermocouples A, B, and C by Burns and Gallagher (1966) 49

4.2.2. Deviations of thermoelectric voltages of Type BP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 — comparison of values given

in this Monograph to those given for thermocouple materials A, B, and C by Burns and Gallagher (1966) 49

4.2.3. Deviations of thermoelectric voltages of Type BN thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 — comparison of values given

in this Monograph to those given for thermocouple materials A, B, and C by Burns and Gallagher (1966) .... 49

4.2.4. Difference in thermoelectric voltages for Type B thermocouples — comparison of values given in this Monograph to

those from Burns and Gallagher (1966) 50

4.3.1. Thermoelectric voltage for Type B thermocouples 51

4.3.2. Seebeck coefficient for Type B thermocouples 51

iv

Figure Page

4.3.3. Second derivative of thermoelectric voltage for Type B thermocouples 51

4.4.1. Thermoelectric voltage for Type BP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 64

4.4.2. Seebeck coefiBcient for Type BP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 64

4.4.3. Second derivative of thermoelectric voltage for Type BP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 64

4.5.1. Thermoelectric voltage for Type BN thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 77

4.5.2. Seebeck coefl5cient for Type BN thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 77

4.5.3. Second derivative of thermoelectric voltage for Type BN thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 77

5.2.1. Differences in thermoelectric voltages for Type E thermocouples — comparison of values given in this Monograph to

those given in NBS Circular 561 91

5.3.1. Thermoelectric voltage for Type E thermocouples 92

5.3.2. Seebeck coefiBcient for Type E thermocouples 92

5.3.3. Second derivative of thermoelectric voltage for Type E thermocouples 92

6.2.1. Deviations of thermoelectric voltages of Type J thermocouples 105

6.2.2. Deviations of thermoelectric voltages of Type JP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 105

6.2.3. Deviations of thermoelectric voltages of platinum, Pt-67, versus JN thermoelements 106

6.2.4. Differences in the thermoelectric voltages for Type J thermocouples — comparison of values given in this Monograph

to those given in NBS Circular 561 106

6.3.1. Thermoelectric voltage for Type J thermocouples 107

6.3.2. Seebeck coefiBcient for Type J thermocouples 107

6.3.3. Second derivative of thermoelectric voltage for Type J thermocouples 107

6.4.1. Thermoelectric voltage for Type JP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 119

6.4.2. Seebeck coefiBcient for Type JP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 119

6.4.3. Second derivative of thermoelectric voltage for Type JP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 119

6.5.1. Thermoelectric voltage for platinum, Pt-67, versus Type JN thermoelements 128

6.5.2. Seebeck coefficient for platinum, Pt-67, versus Type JN thermoelements 128

6.5.3. Second derivative of thermoelectric voltage for platinum, Pt-67, versus Type JN thermoelements 128

7.2.1. Deviations of thermoelectric voltages of Type K thermocouples 139

7.2.2. Deviations of thermoelectric voltages of Type KP (or EP) thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 139

7.2.3. Deviations of the thermoelectric voltages of platinum, Pt-67, versus Type KN thermoelements 139

7.2.4. Differences in the thermoelectric voltages for Type K thermocouples — comparison of values given in this Mono-

graph to those given in NBS Circular 561 140

7.3.1. Thermoelectric voltage for Type K thermocouples 140

7.3.2. Seebeck coefficient for Type K thermocouples 141

7.3.3. Second derivative of thermoelectric voltage for Type K thermocouples 141

7.4.1. Thermoelectric voltage for Type KP (or EP) thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 153

7.4.2. Seebeck coefficient for Type KP (or EP) thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 153

7.4.3. Second derivative of thermoelectric voltage for Type KP (or EP) thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 153

7.5.1. Thermoelectric voltage for platinum, Pt-67, versus Type KN thermoelements 166

7.5.2. Seebeck coefficient for platinum, Pt-67, versus Type KN thermoelements 166

7.5.3. Second derivative of thermoelectric voltage for platinum, Pt-67, versus Type KN thermoelements 166

8.2.1. Deviations of the thermoelectric voltages of Type T thermocouples 181

8.2.2. Deviations in the thermoelectric voltage of Type TP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 181

8.2.3. Deviations in the thermoelectric voltages of platinum, Pt-67, versus Type TN (or EN) thermoelements 181

8.2.4. Difference in the thermoelectric voltages for Type T thermocouples — comparison of values given in this Monograph

to those given in NBS Circular 561 182

8.3.1. Thermoelectric voltage for Type T thermocouples 182

8.3.2. Seebeck coefficient for Type T thermocouples 183

8.3.3. Second derivative of thermometric voltage for Type T thermocouples 183

8.4.1. Thermoelectric voltage for Type TP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 190

8.4.2. Seebeck coefficient for Type TP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 190

8.4.3. Second derivative of thermoelectric voltage for Type TP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 190

8.5.1. Thermoelectric voltage for platinum, Pt-67, versus Type TN (or EN) thermoelements 197

8.5.2. Seebeck coefficient for platinum, Pt-67, versus Type TN (or EN) thermoelements 197

8.5.3. Second derivative of thermoelectric voltage for platinum, Pt-67, versus Type TN (or EN) thermoelements 197

List of Tables

Table

1.1.1. Thermocouple characteristics 2

1.2.1. Defining fixed points of the IPTS-68 4

1.2.2. Secondary reference points of the IPTS-68 5

1.2.3. Approximate differences between IPTS-68 and IPTS-48; values tabulated are (Tus — T^s) K 6

1.2.4. Chemical composition of platinum, Pt-67 6

V

Table P«g»

2.3.1. Power series expansion of the thermoelectric voltage of Type S thermocouples 17

2.3.2. Type S thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coeflBcients, S(T), and first derivative of the

Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C 18

2.3.3. Thermoelectric values at the fixed points for Type S thermocouples

2.3.4. Estimated maximum errors that occur when using reduced-bit arithmetic for the power series expansion for the 29

thermoelectric voltage of Type S thermocouples

3.3.1. Power series expansion for the thermoelectric voltage of Type R thermocouples , 34

3.3.2. Type R thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S{T), and first derivative of the

Seebeck coefficients dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C 35

3.3.3. Thermoelectric values at the fixed points for Type R thermocouples 46

3.3.4. Estimated maximum errors that occur when using reduced-bit arithmetic for the power series expansion for the

thermoelectric voltage of Type R thermocouples 46

4.2.1. Deviations in thermoelectric voltage between tabular values in this Monograph and the earlier Degussa calibra-
tion for Type B thermocouples 50

4.3.1. Power series expansion for the thermoelectric voltage of Type B thermocouples 51

4.3.2. Type B thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S{T), and first derivative of the See-

beck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C 52

4.3.3. Thermoelectric values at the fixed points for Type B thermocouples 63

4.3.4. Estimated maximum errors that occur when using reduced-bit arithmetic for the power series expansion for the

thermoelectric voltage of Type B thermocouples 63

4.4.1. Power series expansion for the thermoelectric voltage of Type BP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 .... 64

4.4.2. Type BP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(r), and

first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C 65

4.4.3. Thermoelectric values at the fixed points for Type BP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 76

4.4.4. Estimated maximum errors that occur when using reduced-bit arithmetic for the power series expansion for the

thermoelectric voltage of Type BP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 76

4.5.1. Power series expansion for the thermoelectric voltage of the Type BN thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 ... 77

4.5.2. Type BN thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and

first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C 78

4.5.3. Thermoelectric values at the fixed points for Type BN thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 89

4.5.4. Estimated maximimi errors that occur when using reduced-bit arithmetic for the power series expansion for the

thermoelectric voltage of Type BN thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67

5.3.1. Power series expansion for the thermoelectric voltage of Type E thermocouples

5.3.2. Type E thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S{T), and first derivative of the

Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junction at 0 °C 94

5.3.3. Thermoelectric values at the fixed points for Type E thermocouples 102

5.3.4. Estimated maximum errors that occur when using reduced-bit arithmetic for the powers series expansion for the

thermoelectric voltage of Type E thermocouples 102

6.3.1. Power series expansion for the thermoelectric voltage of Type J thermocouples 107

6.3.2. Type J thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the

Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C 108

6.3.3. Thermoelectric values at the fixed points for Type J thermocouples 118

6.3.4. Estimated maximum errors that occur when using reduced-bit arithmetic for the power series expansion for the

thermoelectric voltage of Type J thermocouples 118

6.4.1. Power series expansion for the thermoelectric voltage of Type JP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 119

6.4.2. Type JP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 — thermoelectric voltages, ^CT) , Seebeck coefficients, 5(7") , and

derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C. 120

6.4.3. Thermoelectric values at the fixed points for Type JP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 127

6.4.4. Estimated maximum errors that occur when using reduced-bit arithmetic for the power series expansion for the

thermoelectric voltage of Type JP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 127

6.5.1. Power series expansion for the thermoelectric voltage of platinum, Pt-67, versus Type JN thermoelements 128

6.5.2. Platinum, Pt-67, versus Type JN thermoelements — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and

first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C 129

6.5.3. Thermoelectric values at the fixed points for platinum, Pt-67, versus Type JN thermoelements 136

6.5.4. Estimated maximum errors that occur when using reduced-bit arithmetic for the power series expansion for the

thermoelectric voltage of platinum, Pt-67, versus JN thermoelements 136

7.3.1. Power series expansion for the thermoelectric voltage of Type K thermocouples 141

7.3.2. Type K thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, £( D , Seebeck coefficients, S( T) , and first derivative of the See-

beck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C 142

7.3.3. Thermoelectric values at the fixed points for Type K thermocouples 152

7.3.4. Estimated maximum errors that occur when using reduced-bit arithmetic for the power series expansion for the

thermoelectric voltage of Type K thermocouples 152

vi

Table P«ee

7.4.1. Power series expansion for the thermoelectric voltage of Type KP (or EP) thermoelements versus platinum,

Pt-67 154

7.4.2. Type KP (or EP) thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 — thermoelectric voltages, EiT), Seebeck coefficients,

SiT), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C 155

7.4.3. Thermoelectric values at the fixed points for Type KP (or EP) thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 165

7.4.4. Estimated maximum errors that occur when using reduced-bit arithmetic for the powers series expansion for the

thermoelectric voltage for Type KP (or EP) thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 165

7.5.1. Power series expansions for the thermoelectric voltage of platinum, Pt-67, versus Type KN thermoelements .... 167

7.5.2. Platinum, Pt-67, versus Type KN thermoelements — thermoelectric voltages, E{T), Seebeck coefficients, S(,T), and

first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C 168

7.5.3. Thermoelectric values at the fixed points for platinum, Pt-67, versus Type KN thermoelements 178

7.5.4. Estimated maximum errors that occur when using reduced-bit arithmetic for the power series expansion for the

thermoelectric voltage of platinum, Pt-67, versus Type KN thermoelements 178

8.3.1. Power series expansion for the thermoelectric voltage of Type T thermocouples 183

8.3.2. Type T thermocouples— thermoelectric voltages, E{T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the See-

beck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C 1^4

8.3.3. Thermoelectric values at the fixed points for Type T thermocouples 1^^

8.3.4. Estimated maximum errors that occur when using reduced-bit arithmetic for the power series expansion for the

thermoelectric voltage of Type T thermocouples 189

8.4.1. Power series expansion for the thermoelectric voltage of Type TP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 190

8.4.2. Type TP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 — thermoelectric voltages, E{T), Seebeck coefficients, S{T), and

first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C 191

8.4.3. Thermoelectric values at the fixed points for Type TP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 196

8.4.4. Estimated maximum errors that occur when using reduced-bit arithmetic for the power series expansion for the

thermoelectric voltage of Type TP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 196

8.5.1. Power series expansion for the thermoelectric voltage of platinum, PtX67, versus Type TN (or EN) thermoelements. 197

8.5.2. Platinum, Pt-67, versus Type TN (or EN) thermoelements — thermoelectric vohages, E{T), Seebeck coefficients,

SiT), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C 198

8.5.3. Thermoelectric values at the fixed points for platinum, Pt-67, versus type TN (or EN) thermoelements 206

8.5.4. Estimated maximum errors that occur when using reduced-bit arithmetic for the power series expansion for the

thermoelectric voltage of platinum, Pt-67, versus Type TN (or EN) thermoelements 206

A2.1.1. Type S thermocouples — thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°C), reference junctions at 0 "C. 208
A2.1.2. Type S thermocouples — thermoelectric voltage as a funtion of temperature (°F), reference junctions at 32 °F ... 212
A2.1.3. Type S thermocouples — quadratic, cubic, and quartic approximations to the data as a function of temperature
(°C) in selected temperatures ranges. The expansion is of the form E — oo+aiT-^OiT^+chT^+aiT* where E

is in microvolts and T is in degrees Celsius 219

A2.2.1. Type S thermocouples — temperature (°C) as a function of thermoelectric voltage, reference junctions at 0 °C • • • • 220
A2.2.2. Type S thermocouples — temperature (°F) as a function of thermoelectric voltage, reference junctions at 32 °F . . 224
A2.2.3. Type S thermocouples — quadratic, cubic, and quartic approximations to the data as a function of voltage in se-
lected temperature ranges (°C). The expansion is of the form T — Oo+aiE+oaEP+a^'^+aiE* where E is

in microvolts and T is in degrees Celsius 228

A3.1.1. Type R thermocouples — thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°C), reference junctions at 0 °C .. 229
A3.1.2. Type R thermocouples — thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference junctions at 32 °F . . 233
A3.1.3. Type R thermocouples — quadratic, cubic, and quartic approximations to the data as a function of temperature
(°C) in selected temperature ranges. The expansion is of the form E = aB-\-aiT-\-a2T^-\-aa'P-\-atT* where E

is in microvolts and T is in degrees Celsius 240

A3.2.1. Type R thermocouples — temperature (°C) as a function of thremoelectric voltage, reference junctions at 0 °C . . 241
A3.2.2. Type R thermocouples — temperature (°F) as a function of thermoelectric voltage, reference junctions at 32 °F . . 246
A3.2.3. Type R thermocouples — quadratic, cubic, and quartic approximations to the data as a function of voltage in se-
lected temperature ranges (°C). The expansion is of the form T — ao+OiE+aJr+asE^+aiE* where E is

in microvolts and T is in degrees Celsius 250

A4.1.1. Type B thermocouples — thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°C), reference junctions at 0 °C ■ ■ 252
A4.1.2. Type B thermocouples — thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference junctions at 32 °F . . 255
A4.1.3. Type B thermocouples — quadratic, cubic, and quartic approximations to the data as a function of temperature
(°C) in selected temperature ranges. The expansion is of the form E = oo+aiT+OiT+aa'P+aiT* where E

is in microvolts and T is in degrees Celsius 261

A4.2.1. Type B thermocouples — temperature (°C) as a function of thermoelectric voltage, reference junctions at 0° C 263

A4.2.2. Type B thermocouples — temperature ("F) as a function of thermoelectric voltage, reference junctions at 32 °F . . 266
A4.2.3. Type B thermocouples — quadratic, cubic, and quartic approximations to the data as a function of voltage in se-
selected temperature ranges (°C). The expansion is of the form T = Oo-f aif^+aa^'-f aJ^^+a^E* where E is
in microvolts and T is in degrees Celsius 268

vii

Table Page
A5.1.1. Type E thermocouples — thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°C), reference junctions at 0 °C .. 269
A5.1.2. Type E thermocouples — thremoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference junctions at 32 °F .. 272
A5.1.3. Type E thermocouples — quadratic, cubic, and quartic approximations to the data as a function of temperature
(°C) in selected temperature ranges. The expansion is of the form E = ao-\-aiT-\-asT--\-a3'P-\-aiT* where E

is in microvolts and T is in degrees Celsius 276

A5.2.1. Type E thermocouples — temperature (°C) as a function of thermoelectric voltage, reference junctions at °C ... 277
A5.2.2. Type E thermocouples — temperature (°F) as a function of thermoelectric voltage, reference junctions at 32 °F .. 292
A5.2.3. Type E thermocouples — quadratic, cubic, and quartic approximations to the data as a function of voltage in
selected temperature ranges (°C). The expansion is of the form T — ao-\-aiE-\-a2E'-{-a3EP-\-a4E* where E is

in microvolts and T is in degrees Celsius 307

A6.I.L Type J thermocouples — thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature ( °C) , reference junctions at 0 °C ... 309
A6.1.2. Type J thermocouples — thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference junctions at 32 °F . . 612
A6.1.3. Type J thermocouples — quadratic, cubic, and quartic approximations to the data as a function of temperature
(°C) in selected temperature ranges. The expansion is of the form E — at,-]- a-iT -\- UiT' -\- (hP -]- aj^ where E

is in microvolts and T is in degrees Celsius 319

A6.2.1. Type J thermocouples — temperature (°C) as a function of thermoelectric voltage, reference junctions at 0 °C. . . . 320
A6.2.2. Type J thermocouples — temperature (°F) as a function of thermoelectric voltage, reference junctions at 32 °F .. 335
A6.2.3. Type J thermocouples — quadratic, cubic, and quartic approximations to the data as a function of voltage in se-
lected temperature ranges (°C). The expansion is of the form T = au-\-aiE-\-a>iE--\-a^^-\-aiE* where E is

in microvolts and T is in degrees Celsius 350

A7.1.1. Type K thermocouples — thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°C), reference junctions at 0 °C ... 351
A7.1.2. Type K thermocouples — thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference junctions at 32 °F .. 355
A7.1.3. Type K thermocouples — quadratic, cubic, and quartic approximations to the data as a function of temperature
(°C) in selected temperature ranges. The expansion is of the form E — a«-\-aiT-\-ch.T'-\-ati'P-\-aiT* where E

is in microvolts and T is in degrees Celsius 360

A7.2.1. Type K thermocouples — temperature (°C) as a function of thermoelectric voltage, reference junctions at 0 °C. . . . 361
A7.2.2. Type K thermocouples — temperature (°F) as a function of thermoelectric voltage, reference junctions at 32 °F .. 373
A7.2.3. Type K thermocouples — quadratic, cubic, and quartic approximations to the data as a function of voltage in se-
lected temperature ranges (°C). The expansion is of the form T — an + aiE-{-aoE--\-aiE'-{-aiE* where E is

in microvolts and T is in degrees Celsius 384

A8.1.1. Type T thermocouples — thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°C), reference junctions at 0 °C ... 385
A8.1.2. Type T thermocouples — thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference junctions at 32 °F .. 387
A8.1.3. Type T thermocouples — quadratic, cubic, and quartic approximations to the data as a function of temperature
(°C) in selected temperature ranges. The expansion is of the form E = ao + aiT+as'P + chT^+aiT* where E

is in microvolts and T is in degrees Celsius 389

A8.2.1. Type T thermocouples — temperature (°C) as a function of thermoelectric voltage, reference junctions at 0 °C ... 390
A8.2.2. Type T thermocouples — temperature (°F) as a function of thermoelectric voltage, reference junctions at 32 °F . . 396
A8.2.3. Type T thermocouples — quadratic, cubic and quartic approximations to the data as a function of voltage in se-
lected temperature ranges (°C). The expansion is of the form T — ao + aiE+aiE'+a^E^-j-aiE^ where E is
in microvolts and T is in degrees Celsius

viii

Thermocouple Reference Tables Based on the IPTS— 68

Robert L. Powell, William J. Hall, Clyde H. Hyink, Jr., Larry L. Sparks,
George W. Burns, Margaret G. Scroger, and Harmon H. Plumb

Revision of the International Practical Temperature Scale requires that there be changes for
all accurately tabulated thermophysical values. Revised reference data for thermocouples have been
generated in a cooperative program between groups of the National Bureau of Standards in Boulder
and Gaithersburg. This Monograph contains tables, analytic expressions, various approximations,
and explanatory text. Only the standard letter-designated thermocouples are described : noble metal
Types S, R, and B and base metal Types E, J, K, and T. Their appropriate "single-leg" or thermo-
element versus Pt-67 values are also included. The nevi reference data reflect not only revisions in the
temperature scale, but also slight changes in the materials themselves and improvements in data
fitting methods. The temperature ranges vary for different types, from a low of — 270 °C for Type E
to a high of 1820 "C for Type B. The main functions and tables are given in terms of Celsius
degrees and microvolts. Tables in the appendices represent the data with less precision, in milli-
volts, and in degrees Fahrenheit as well as Celsius. Approximate quadratic, cubic, and quartic
analytic expressions are also given for each thermocouple type in various temperature ranges.

Key words: Base metal alloys; noble metal alloys; temperature scale; temperature standards;
thermocouples ; thermometry.

I. Introduction

1.1. General Summary

Adoption of the new temperature scale, IPTS-68,
requires that all accurate thermophysical data be ad-
justed to fit the new temperatures. Although, as of
July 1972, no national laboratory had fully realized
the new scale, as many thermometry calibrations as
possible are being revised. The new scale depends on a
large number of primary and secondary fixed points
with designated interpolation equations and devices for
obtaining intermediate temperatures. Hust [1969]*
has written an extensive review and compilation of
temperature scales, with an emphasis on temperatures
below 0 °C, that includes suggested methods of con-
verting from older scales to present ones. A brief re-
view of changes in the temperature scale is included
in the next section. The new thermocouple reference
data are based on the IPTS-68 for temperatures above
20 K (—253 °C) and on the NBS helium-gas acous-
tical velocity scale from 4 to 20 K. The latter is re-
ferred to as NBS P 2-20 (1965), and is a national prac-
tical scale maintained by germanium thermometers
in the Temperature Section of the National Bureau of
Standards in Gaithersburg. The IPTS-68 is not de-
fined down to liquid helium temperatures, but the NBS
P 2-20 (1965) provides a workable scale from 2 to
20 K.

Even if the temperature scale had not been changed,
the old tables in NBS Circular 561 [Shenker et al.,
1955] might well have been changed for other reasons :
there have been significant modifications in the chem-
ical composition of some of the materials; a new plat-
inum thermoelectric reference standard has been
adopted; reference values for each material, both posi-
tive and negative legs of the thermocouple type, are
needed for calibration and production control to in-
sure interchangeability ; greater precision in thermom-

References cited are listed in section 1.6.

etry instrumentation has led to a need for smoother
tables and also for values of the derivatives; and the
prevalence of computer-aided numerical analysis re-
quires functional representations and approximations.
There was also a change in the voltage reference, but
the new "NBS as-maintained volt", NBS Tech. News
Bull. [1968b], is so little different from the old voltage
standard that the change does not significantly affect
thermocouple tables. Values in this Monograph reflect
the above changes and needs.

Close cooperation with wire manufacturers and in-
strument suppliers was insured by formation of an
ad hoc advisory committee within the American Society
for Testing and Materials (ASTM) chaired by D. I.
Finch. Several potential trouble areas were resolved
during their preliminary reviews. About eighteen peo-
ple received and commented on preliminary copies of
the tables, functions, and graphs.

In the following paragraphs, the sources of thermo-
couple data, the methods of numerical analysis, and
the types of tables, graphs, and functions are summar-
ized. Table 1.1.1 gives a list of the standard thermo-
couple materials included in this Monograph, a de-
scription of their composition and representative trade
names, and the range of temperatures for each type.

Four main sources of data were used in generating
the new functions and tables: (1) earlier publications
containing orginal research data, (2) unpublished cali-
bration certificates from the files of the Temperature
Section of the National Bureau of Standards in
Gaithersburg, (3) low-temperature functions published
by Sparks et al. [1972] in NBS Monograph 124, and
(4) adjusted values from old thermocouple tables such
as NBS Circular 561. Further comments for each
thermocouple type are given in each appropriate chap-
ter. In summary, much of the fundamental data for
generating the new thermocouple tables comes from

1

Table 1.1.1. Thermocouple characteristics

THERMOCOUPLE COMBINATIONS

lype designation *

Temperature Range, C

iviateriais

r>

£>

U to loZU

rtdtiTiiLTTi-o^/o rnoQiuni versus pldtirnifn-Ovo rnodiuin.

■p

— Z i u to iUUU

A^ic/f^Z-chromiuin alloy versus a copp(?r-nickel alloy.

J

-210 to 1200

Iron versus another slightly different copper-nickel alloy.

K

-270 to 1372

Mcie/-chromium alloy versus nic/ce/-aluminum alloy.

R

-50 to 1767

Platinum-13% rhodium versus platinum.

S

-50 to 1767

Platinum-\Q% rhodium versus platinum.

T

-270 to 400

Copper versus a copper-nickel alloy.

SINGLE-LEG MATERIALS

. . .N

The negative wire in a combination.

. ,P

The positive wire in a comhination.

BN

P/atmum-nominal 6 wt% rhodium.

BP

P/afifiitm-nominal 30 wt% rhodium.

EN or TN

A copper-nickel alloy, constantan: Cupron', Advance', ThermoKanthal JN^; nominally 55% Cu,
45% Ni; often referred to as Adams constantan.

EP or KP

A nscAieZ-chromium alloy: Chromel'', Tophel', T-P, ThermoKanthal KP^; nominally 90% Ni,
10% Cr.

JN

A copper-nickel alloy similar to, but not always interchangeable with, EN and TN; SAMA
specification.

JP

Iron: ThermoKanthal JP^; nominally 99.5% Fe.

KN

A mcfce^-aluminum alloy: AlumeP, Nial', T-23, ThermoKanthal KN^; nominally 95% Ni, 2% Al,
2% Mn, 1% Si.

RN, SN

High-purity platinum.

RP

Platinum-l'i wt% rhodium.

SP

Platinum-\Q wt% rhodium.

TP

Copper, usually Electrolytic Tough Pitch.

" The letter designations used in this Monograph follow the recommendations of Committee E-20 of the American Society for
Testing and Materials. The letter type, e.g.. Type T, designates the thermoelectric properties, not the precise chemical composition.
Thermocouples of a given type may have variations in composition as long as the resultant thermoelectric properties remain within
the established limits of error.

Registered Trademarks :

' Trademark — Wilbur B. Driver Co.

^ Trademark — Kanthal Corp.

' Trademark — Driver-Harris Co.

•* Trademark — Hoskins Manufacturing Co.

The use of trade names does not constitute an endoresement of any manufacturer's products. All materials manufactured in compliance
with the established thermoelectric voltage standards are equally acceptable.

published research papers, but also there was extensive
use of unpublished calibrations and test data. Values
for Types S, R, and B and most of Type J are also
based on published research.

After general introductory material, discussions for
each type of thermocouple are included in each chap-
ter. The text covers such items as recommended tem-
perature ranges, nominal chemical composition, special
precautions on usage, and other similar descriptions
not usually included with tables. For each type of

material, there are four classes of numerical informa-
tion: functional representations, complete tables, ab-
breviated tables, and various approximations. The
abbreviated tables and approximations appear in the
appendices.

Functional representations are given in tables in the
form of coefficients for power series expansions. For
Type K only, additional parameters for an exponential
term are also included. Orders of the series expansions
range from two to fourteen. The functions can be used

2

directly for calculating thermal voltages as they were
in this Monograph. However, for values at the high-
est temperatures and for high orders, there may be
round-off errors on some computers that have rela-
tively few binary bits in their floating point routines.
Tables give the round-olf errors that would occur for
computers that have 12, 16, 24, or 27 binary bits
(about 4, 5, 7, or 8 digits) in the coefficient of their
floating point numbers. The tables in this Monograph
were generated using 36 binary bit (about 11 digit)
arithmetic routines. Generally the round-off error is
insignificant for machines with 24 bits or more.

Functions, and complete tables also, are given for
both the total thermocouple combination, such as Type
K, and the single-leg combinations, such as Types KP
and KN.

With some exceptions, the complete tables include
the thermal voltage, E, (usually to the nearest 0.1 or
0.01 microvolt), the Seebeck coefficient, S, (0.001
IjiN /° C), and the temperature derivative of the See-
beck coefficient, dS/dT (0.01 nV/ C^), all as a func-
tion of temperature, which is given at one degree inter-
vals for each of the appropriate temperature ranges.
Values for one thermocouple combination. Type J,
are given with reduced precision at temperatures which
are above the transformation temperature of the JP
material, 760 °C. Since many calibrations are per-
formed at the primary and secondary fixed-point tem-
peratures on the IPTS-68, tables which give values
of E, S, and dS/ dT at various fixed points are also in-
cluded. Two sets of figures show (1) deviations be-
tween the new and old standard tabular values and
(2) deviations between the new tabular values and
experimental values for typical thermocouples that
represent present-day material.

Abbreviated tables for each type of material give
voltage only (0.1 or 1 /xV) as a function of tempera-
ture (1 °C or °F) and the reverse, temperature (0.01
°C or °F) as a function of voltage (0.01 mV). Those
tables are in the appendices. Additional "three-place"
(0.001 mV or 1 /^V) tables, not included in this Mono-
graph, have been produced and were made available
at cost to the ASTM and wire manufacturers for their
publication of special industrial tables.

To satisfy various special needs, e.g., for small on-
line computers or for desk calculators, we have gen-
erated low-order approximations to the voltage versus
temperature equation for each thermocouple type in
a few representative temperature ranges. For example,
there are voltage to temperature (and the reverse)
approximations for Type B thermocouples in twelve
different temperature ranges for second, third, and
fourth order. Quadratic equations suitable for cal-
culating variable reference junction corrections are
also included. Coefficients and the range of errors are
given for all approximations. A similar project was
carried out a few years ago by Fazzalari and Leonette
[1969] who based their approximations on values
from NBS Circular 561.

1.2. Temperature Scale and Platinum ThermO'
electric Reference Standard, Ft— 67

Temperatures above 20 K are expressed on the Inter-
national Practical Temperature Scale adopted in 1968,
IPTS-68. Below 20 K, temperatures are expressed on
the National Bureau of Standards acoustical tempera-
ture scale, NBS P 2-20 (1965). The definitions of
these scales and differences from earlier scales are
briefly discussed below.

During October 1968 the International Committee
of Weights and Measures adopted the new Interna-
tional Practical Temperature Scale designated as
IPTS-68 [CIPM, 1969]. This scale is defined in terms
of a series of fixed points, a resistance versus temper-
ature function, and interpolation formulas for speci-
fied instruments used to realize the scale. The defining
fixed points, extending from 13.81 K to 1337.58 K,
are given in table 1.2.1. The secondary fixed points
are tabulated in table 1.2.2. In the interest of brevity
the detailed description of the IPTS-68 is omitted
here; however, the reader can find the details in the
above reference.

The NBS P 2-20 (1965) temperature scale is de-
scribed by Plumb and Cataland [1965a, b, 1966]. This
scale, based on acoustical thermometry, extends from
2 to 20 K.

The tabulated voltages in these thermocouple tables
differ from previous standard reference tables for sev-
eral reasons, including changes in the defining temper-
ature scale. Other causes for change are discussed in
later sections. The differences between the current
scales and the earlier ones are generally small but not
necessarily negligible. A recent review of temperature
scale differences by Hust [1969] treats the subject in
detail, including present as well as older frequently
used temperature scales. Since the bulk of existing
thermocouple tables are based on the superseded
IPTS^IS, the temperature differences between the
IPTS-68 and the IPTS^8 are tabulated in table 1.2.3
for convenience. It is noted that below 0 °C the devi-
ations tend to be oscillatory with a maximum deviation
of 34 mK at — 70 °C. The deviations become some-
what more systematic above 0 °C, with a value of
150 mK at 600 °C. Above 600 °C the deviations are
nearly linear with temperature. At 2000 °C the devia-
tion is 3.2 K. For further details regarding deviations
at lower temperatures, the reader is referred to the
article by Hust.

Wherever necessary the primary data were corrected
to be on the current temperature scales before the
curve fitting procedures were begun.

3

Table 1.2.1. Defining fixed points of the IPTS-68

Assigned value of International
Practical Temperature

Equilibrium state

T

68

Equilibrium between the solid, liquid and vapor phases of equilibrium hydrogen (triple point
of equilibrium hydrogen)

13

81

-259.34

Equilibrium between the liquid and vapor phases of equilibrium hydrogen at a pressure of
33 330.6 N/m'' (25/76 standard atmosphere)

1 1
i /

OCA 1 AO

— /oo. Wo

Equilibrium between the liquid and vapor phases of equilibrium hydrogen (boiling point of
equilibrium hydrogen)

20

28

-252.87

Equilibrium between the liquid and vapor phases of neon (boiling point of neon)

27

102

-246.048

Equilibrium between the solid, liquid and vapor phases of oxygen (triple point of oxygen)

54

361

-218.789

Equilibrium between the liquid and vapor phases of oxygen (boiling point of oxygen)

90

188

-182.962

Equilibrium between the solid, liquid and vapor phases of water (triple point of water)

273

16

0.01

Equilibrium between the liquid and vapor phases of water (boiling point of water)'''

373

15

100

Equilibrium between the solid and liquid phases of zinc (freezing point of zinc)

692

73

419.58

Equilibrium between the solid and liquid phases of silver (freezing point of silver)

1235

08

961.93

Equilibrium between the solid and liquid phases of gold (freezing point of gold)

1337

58

1064.43

" Except for the triple points and one equilibrium hydrogen point (17.042 K) the assigned values of temperature are for equilibrium
states at a pressure pi)=l standard atmosphere (101 325 N/m^). In the realization of the fixed points small departures from the as-
signed temperatures will occur as a result of the differing immersion depths of thermometers or the failure to realize the required
pressure exactly. If due allowance is made for these small temperature differences, they will not affect the accuracy of realization of
the Scale. The magnitudes of these differences are given in section III of the original article by CIPM [1969].

'' The equilibrium state between the solid and liquid phases of tin (freezing point of tin) has the assigned value of ?68 = 231.9681 °C
and may be used as an alternative to the boiling point of water.

The water used should have the isotopic composition of ocean water, see section III, 4, of the orginal article by CIPM [1969].

Table 1.2.2. Secondary reference points of the IPTS-68

International Practical
Temperature

Equilibrium state

7^68 (K)

f68 C C)

Equilibrium between the solid, liquid, and vapor phases of normal hydrogen (triple point of normal
hydrogen)

13.956

-259.194

Equilibrium between the liquid and vapor phases of normal hydrogen (boiling point of normal
hydrogen)

P ^

lg- = A+— + Cns+DT,\ (23)a

PO 2^68

20.397

-252.753

^ = 1.734 791, B= -44.623 68K, C = 0.023 186 9 K"', Z)= -0.000 048 017 K-^
for the temperature range from 13.956 K to 30 K.

Equilibrium between the solid, liquid, and vapor phases of neon (triple point of neon)

24.555

-248.595

Equilibrium between the liquid and vapor phases of neon

P B

\g-~ = A+— + CT,s-VDT,\ (24)
Pa Tig

^=4.61152, B= -106.3851 K, C= -0.036 833 1 K-i, Z) = 4.248 02Xl0-'K-2
for the temperature range from 24.555 K to 40 K.

Equilibrium between the solid, liquid and vapor phases of nitrogen (triple point of nitrogen)

63 . 148

-210.002

Equilibrium between the liquid and vapor phases of nitrogen (boiling point of nitrogen)

77.348

-195.802

4

Table 1.2.2. Secondary reference points of the IPTS-68 — Continued

Equilibrium state

International Practical
Temperature

7-68 (K)

lg- = ^+-+C lg-+DT,s+ETi,
Po T,s To
-404. 131 05 K, C= -2.3749, /)= -0.014 250 5 K"',

(25)

^=5.893 139, B
£'=72.5342Xl0-« K"
for the temperature range from 63 . 148 K to 84K.

Equilibrium between the liquid and vapor phases of oxygen

p B 7^68

po Tig To

^=5.961 546, 5= -467.455 76 K, C=-l. 664512, D-
£■=50.8041X10-6 K-2
for the temperature range from 54.361 K to 94 K.

Equilibrium between the solid and vapor phases of carbon dioxide (sublimation point of carbon
dioxide)

(26)

-0 .013 213 01 K-\

, = 1^194.674 + 12.264^— -1^-9.15^- -1^ K

(27)

for the temperature range from 194 K to 195 K.
Equilibrium between the solid and liquid phases of mercury (freezing point of mercury)''
Equilibrium between ice and air-saturated water (ice point)

Equilibrium between the solid, liquid and vapor phases of phenoxybenzene (diphenyl ether) (triple
point of phenoxybenzene)

Equilibrium between the solid, liquid and vapor phases of benzoic acid (triple point of benzoic acid)

Equilibrium between the solid and liquid phases of indium (freezing point of indium)

Equilibrium between the solid and liquid phases of bismuth (freezing point of bismuth)''

Equilibrium between the solid and liquid phases of cadmium (freezing point of cadmium)''

Equilibrium between the solid and liquid phases of lead (freezing point of lead)''

Equilibrium between the liquid and vapor phases of mercury (boiling point of mercury)

f68 = |^356. 66+55. 552^— -1^-23.03^-1^ +14.0^-1^ °C

for/) = 90Xl03 N/m2 to 104X10' N/m^.
Equilibrium between the liquid and vapor phases of sulphur (boiling point of sulphur)

'68 —

444

674+69.010(— -1^-27.48/^— -1^ +19.14(— - A °
\po / \pa / \po / _

(28)

(29)

for/) = 90XlO'N/m2 to 104X10' N/m".

Equilibrium between the solid and liquid phases of the copper-aluminum eutectic
Equilibrium between the solid and liquid phases of antimony (freezing point of antimony)''
Equilibrium between the solid and liquid phases of aluminum (freezing point of aluminum)
Equilibrium between the solid and liquid phases of copper (freezing point of copper)
Equilibrium between the solid and liquid phases of nickel (freezing point of nickel)
Equilibrium between the solid and liquid phases of cobalt (freezing point of cobalt)
Equilibrium between the solid and liquid phases of palladium (freezing point of palladium)
Equilibrium between the solid and liquid phases of platinum (freezing point of platinum)
Equilibrium between the solid and liquid phases of rhodium (freezing point of rhodium)
Equilibrium between the solid and liquid phases of iridium (freezing point of iridium)
Equilibrium between the solid and liquid phases of tungsten (temperature of melting tungsten)

194

674

-78

476

234

288

-38

862

273

15

0

300

02

26

87

395

52

122

37

429

784

156

634

544

592

271

442

594

258

321

108

600

652

327

502

629

81

356

66

717

824

444

674

821

38

548

23

903

89

630

74

933

52

660

37

1357.

6

1084.

5

1728

1455

1767

1494

1827

1554

2045

1772

2236

1963

2720

2447

3660

3387

* Equation numbers refer to those used in CIPM [1969].

'' See the original article by CIPM [1969] for the effect of pressure variations on these freezing points.

5

Table 1.2.3. Approximate differences between IPTS-68 and IPTS-48; values tabulated are {Te<i-T48)K

. op

0

— lU

— <iU

/in

— ou

70

ftO

— ou

QO

— yu

1 OO

— lUU

-100

0

022

0.013

0

.003

-0.006

-0.013

-0

.013

-0

005

0

007

0.012

-0

0

000

0.006

0

.012

0.018

0.024

0

.029

0

032

0

034

0.033

0.029

0.022

- op

0

ou

^•U

50

60

70

ftO

ou

QO

yu

1 OO
lUU

u

0

000

f\ f\r\A

— u

— u . uuv

— U . UiU

-0

.010

-0

010

-0

008

0 oo^^
— u . uuo

O OOQ
— U . UUo

o ooo
u . uuu

1 f\f\

0

000

u

nn7

u . UI z

u . UIO

0

020

0

025

0

029

u . uo^-

U . UoO

O 0/1 Q

zuu

0

043

n A/) 7

u

. UD 1

U . UD^-

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u . zuu

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0.42

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0.47

0.50

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9.0

9.3

Tabular values of the thermoelectric voltage are
given in this Monograph for various single thermo-
elements versus platinum, Pt-67, which is the designa-
tion for the new platium thermoelectric reference stand-
ard that is maintained by the Temperature Section of
NBS. It replaces the former standard, Pt-27, which
was used from 1922 until 1973. A history of Pt-27
was given by Wichers [1962]. The high purity plati-
num standard reference material, designated SRM No.
680, that was issued in 1967 by the NBS Office of
Standard Reference Materials, NBS Tech. News Bull.
[1968a], provides the basis for Pt-67. More specifi-
cally, Pt-67 is a selected portion of SRM No. 680 that
was set aside to serve as the thermoelectric reference
standard.

The material for Pt-67 (SRM No. 680) was pre-
pared at the Sigmund Cohn Corp. by induction melt-
ing of high purity platinum sponge in a zirconium sili-
cate crucible, and casting into a platinum-lined water-
cooled copper mold. The ingot was worked down and
drawn into wire taking the utmost precautions to min-
imize contamination. This lot of platinum wire re-
ceived extensive characterization under the direction
of the NBS Office of Standard Reference Materials.
It was found satisfactory with respect to homogeneity
and was subsequently certified for chemical composi-
tion. Cooperating with NBS in this extensive analytical
program were: Matthey Bishop, Inc.; Sigmund Cohn

Corp.; Engelhard Industries, Inc.; Johnson, Matthey
and Co., Ltd.; and RCA Laboratories.

The chemical composition of Pt-67 is given in table
1.2.4. where the data are the recommended values
taken from the provisional certificate of analysis for
SRM No. 680 that was issued by the NBS— Office of

Table 1.2.4. Chemical composition of
platinum, Pt-67

Concentration in

Element

ppm by wt

Copper

0.1

Silver

0.1

Palladium

0.2

Lead

<1

Iron

0.7

Nickel

<1

Gold

<1

Magnesium

<1

Zirconium

<0.I

Rhodium

<0.2

Iridium

<0.01

Oxygen

4

6

Standard Reference Materials [1967]. The elemental
analyses were made by one or more of the following
methods: optical emission spectrography, spark source
mass spectrography (isotopic dilution), polarography,
spectrophotometry, activation analysis, and vacuimi
fusion.

The temperature coefficient of electrical resistance
between 0 and 100 °C is commonly used as an indi-
cator of the quality of platinum used in thermometry.
Two specimens from the lot of Pt-67 wire were tested
by each of four cooperating laboratories and the values
reported for the temperature coefficient of resistance
ranged from 0.003926o to 0.0039275 K'^ while the
mean of the values reported was 0.0039269 K"^.
Another sensitive measure of both chemical purity and
the state of physical perfection is the residual resist-
ance ratio, RRR = ^o-sk/^^o- For most pure metals
R4K is experimentally the same as the residual value
Ro, which allows the use of a liquid heluim determina-
tion. Values of RRR as determined by the Cryogenics
Division, NBS, Boulder, for five specimens that were
taken at equally separated points along the lot of wire
ranged from about 3400 to 3700 [Sparks and Hust,
1973]. The mean of these five measurements was about
3500. Specimen preparation prior to these tests con-
sisted of cleaning in aqua regia for 12 minutes at
50 °C, rinsing in distilled water and annealing in air
at 600 °C for 1 hour followed by slow cooling to room
temperature.

Each of four cooperating laboratories also deter-
mined the thermoelectric voltage of two specimens of
Pt-67 against the former standard, Pt-27. For a meas-
uring junction temperature of 1200 °C and with the
reference junctions at 0 °C, values of — 9 and — 10
fiY were reported. (Pt-67 is thermoelectrically nega-
tive with respect to Pt-27.) The value obtained and
used by NBS is —9 /xV, based upon Pt-27 as it was
maintained at NBS since 1950. Measurements at NBS
indicated that when the reference junction is at 0 °C
the thermoelectric voltage-temperature relationship of
Pt-67 versus Pt-27 could be approximated hy E =
— 7.5 X 10"^ ^68, where E is the thermoelectric voltage
in absolute microvolts and t^s is the temperature in
degrees Celsius (IPTS-68). This relationship was
found to be valid over the range —195 to 1200 °C to
ivithin the estimated limits of experimental uncertainty
(about ± IfiY below 600 °C, increasing to about
± 2 at 1200 °C). Sufficient data were not avail-
able to substantiate its validity beyond this tempera-
ture range; however, data available for other ther-
mometry grade platinum wires support its extrapolation
to higher temperatures but not to lower temperatures.
The above results were obtained with specimens of
Pt-67 wire which had been electrically annealed in
air for 10 minutes at 1200 °C and slowly cooled to
room temperature.

Cochrane [1970], and Rhys and Taimsalu [1969]
have studied the effects of trace impurities on the elec-
trical properties of platinum. Cochrane gives a dis-
cussion of the relationship between the chemical com-
position of Pt-67 and its electrical properties.

1.3. Mathematical Methods

Several basic assumptions concerning desirable
methods and objectives were made in fitting the data:
we decided to fit the entire temperature range, or at
least as large a range as possible, with convergent
polynomials, of moderately high order if necessary.
This is sometimes referred to as a global fit. An alter-
native would have been to fit the data with short-range
interpolating functions, or spline functions, each ap-
propriate in a relatively narrow temperature range.
The latter methods have been most generally used for
generating thermocouple tables in the past. The ad-
vantages of the methods chosen for this Monograph
are that they permit tables, functions, and their deriv-
atives that are smooth over a large range. Tables gen-
erated with short range fitting techniques are often
discontinuous or wavy. Unfortunately most of the
functions used to generate the tables had to have joins:
those for types S and R because of the discontinuities
in the first derivatives (with respect to tes) of their
thermoelectric voltages near the antimony point and
at the gold point; those for Types E, K, and T, be-
cause the original source data and functions for tem-
peratures lower than 0 °C were different from those
above 0 °C. However, at those joins, the upper and
lower functions were constrained to have equal values
to prevent discontinuities in the voltage. For Types
E, K, and T, the first derivatives (Seebeck coefficients)
were also constrained to be equal at 0 °C. For Types
S and R, the functions were taken directly from the
research by Bedford et al. [1972] who left a discon-
tinuity in the first derivatives to reflect the discontinui-
ties in the IPTS-68.

We had been fitting accurate thermodynamic data
for some time before this project began, so we had
available a general collection of fitting programs and
subroutines. It was therefore relatively easy to modify
our earlier computer programs to satisfy the special
needs of fitting thermocouple data. Our general mathe-
matical methods were described in a paper presented
at the Fifth Temperature Symposium [Powell et al.,
1972]. Briefly, the methods consist of least squares
fitting with orthogonal functions, using Bjorck's
[1967] algorithm for the Gram-Schmidt method.
Whenever necessary constraints were placed on the
voltage or the first derivative to give smooth joins.
The proper order of polynomial was selected using
the method described in our analysis paper [Powell
et al., 1972]. The thermocouple data were neither
weighted nor transformed in the fitting procedures,
but were occasionally constrained in their values and
first derivatives at joins.

Using the altered mathematical methods and com-
puter programs, the procedures for determining the
thermocouple functions were relatively straightforward.
However, the project computations were quite tedious
and lengthy. Most of the functions and tables had
to be regenerated several times to comply with the
special desires of the various prime users of thermo-
couple tables and to reflect changes in input data after
completion of preliminary or interim tables. This was

7

especially true for Type S and R thermocouples.

Fortunately, functions were already available for
the low temperature portions of the Types E, K and T
tables and, near the end of the project, for the Types
S and R tables. Wherever necessary the data were con-
verted to the IPTS-68 and referenced to Pt-67 before
fitting by polynomial functions.

We made a preliminary fit to all of the high-quality
data that were available for each type of material. A
fairly small proportion (about 10%) of the data was
so poor that it was not used at all. After a rough
curve was determined for the total data set, a few of
the best thermocouples were selected for refined fitting.
The selected thermocouples represented those with
values that were nearest the average and smoothest.
This selection process also resulted in favoring specific
thermocouples whose values were near the adjusted
values from NBS Circular 561. If too many, more than
two or three, thermocouples are selected for the final
fit, then their general differences tend to mask small
changes in values that they all share in common. That
is, details of specific curve fitting are lost if too many
different data sets are taken for input values. There-
fore final functions were obtained from one or two
of the most representative thermocouples for each
type. The determined functions were then used to
generate the tabular values presented in this Mono-
graph.

Values for the Types J and K thermocouples repre-
sented special problems: the positive thermoelement
(iron) of the Type J thermocouple undergoes a phase
transformation at 760 °C. Above that temperature
the Seebeck coefficient has a different functional de-
pendence on temperature. Therefore a second function
was specified for the Type J thermocouple above its
transformation temperature. The negative thermoele-
ment fa wic^eZ-manganese-aluminum-silicon alloy) of
the Type K thermocouple has a magnetic transforma-
tion between 150 and 200 °C. The transformation tem-
perature depends on the composition. Since the com-
position varies significantly, so does the transformation
temperature, varying from 10 to 50 °C about an aver-
age value of about 170 °C. The magnetic transfor-
mation causes a measurable change in the Seebeck
coefficient within about 200 °C of the transformation
temperature. This perturbation in Seebeck coefficient,
and therefore in total thermal voltage, was treated sepa-
rately from the overall curve. It was fit with an ex-
ponential term.

In addition to the standard thermocouples, the
"single legs", or individual thermoelements versus
platinum, rt-67, were also analyzed. In general, we
developed functions for the most important thermo-
element and for the total thermocouple combination,
and then determined the functions for the second
thermoelement by subtraction. The noble metal com-
binations were exceptions: the negative thermoelement
of both Type S and Type R thermocouples is already
high-purity platinum, though not Pt-67. Hence no
thermoelement tables are necessary for those two types.
For Type B, data for the individual thermoelements
versus platinum were better than the total. We there-

fore fit each thermoelement separately and then ob-
tained the total value by subtraction; symbolically
B = (BP-Pt) — (BN-Pt).

The programs that we used to fit the thermocouple
data utilized double precision routines, which on our
computer allow 12 binary bits for the exponent and
signs and 84 bits for the fraction in a floating point
number. The tabular values were calculated using
single precision routines (12 and 36 bits, respectively)
containing 11 significant digits in the input coefficients
of the polynomials. Actually 36 binary bits is equiv-
alent to only 10.8 decimal digits so there were occa-
sional round-off errors in converting the digital co-
efficients to their binary representations. However these
occasional round-off errors in the coefficients do not
usually propagate errors into the tabular values. For
example, we estimated for one of the tables that the
probability is less than 0.001 that there is a computa-
tional error of one in the last digit of a tabular value.

A majority of the computers in this country, how-
ever, use less than 36 binary bits for the fractional part
of a single precision floating point number. Many of
the smaller on-line or portable units even have as few
as 12 bits available for the fractions in floating point
arithmetic (this is equivalent to approximately 4
decimal digits). The reduction in number of avail-
able bits will of course lead to computational errors,
especially for higher order equations and the highest
range of temperatures. In some extreme cases, the
errors can be greater than 1000 /xV.

Since test calculations on each type of computer
would have involved excessive costs, we developed a
program that simulated computers with fewer avail-
able binary bits. The program changed the appro-
priate binary bit in the coefficients that was equivalent
to the last available bit in machines with 12, 16, 24, or
27 binary bits. The differences between the values
calculated with the full 36 bits and those values cal-
culated with an error in an earlier bit were considered
to be representative of the errors caused by reduced-
bit machines. The differences in methods of rounding-
off used in different computer models were not entered
into the calculations.

Because the errors are dependent on the tempera-
ture range as well as the number of bits used in the
machine, the tables of estimated maximum errors are
broken into several temperature ranges. The estimated
maximum errors that occur when reduced-bit arith-
metic is used are given in the second table for each
type of thermocouple.

1.4. Material Selection and Application
of Data

It is not appropriate to include in this Monograph
all of the properties and precautions for each of the
thermocouple types. However, much of the more im-
portant information is included: history of develop-
ment and early applications, typical chemical compo-
sition, temperature range, atmospheric restrictions,
effect of impurities, handling techniques and precau-
tions, standard limits of error, typical deviation plots,

8

and, of course, the tabular thermoelectric data and
generating functions. More detailed information on
the properties of each thermoelement can be obtained
from the earlier NBS publication. Monograph 40 by
Caldwell [1962] and from the ASTM manual, STP
470 edited by Benedict [1970]. The latter book and,
more thoroughly, the ASTM STP 492 by Pollock
[1971] discuss the background theory of thermocouple
systems. The pamphlet by Pollock, though short, is an
excellent review of the basic theory of thermoelectric
phenomena in metals and alloys.

For the sake of discussion, thermocouple system
errors can be divided into four types: environmental,
electrical measurement, data reduction, and material
variability. Environmentally caused errors (such as ex-
cessive radiation or conduction losses, poor reference
junction control, slow time response, viscous heating,
and nonrepresentative probe location) are especially
important, often dominant, in field and factory installa-
tions. Errors traceable to electrical instruments and
data reduction techniques can usually be well controlled
and held to satisfactorily low levels. Only the fourth
source of errors, material variability (including cali-
bration errors) are discussed further in this Mono-
graph.

For accurate measurements, the thermoelements
should be tested, and probably spot calibrated, by the
ultimate user. Tests for homogeneity and other sig-
nificant properties have been described by Sparks et al.
[Monograph 124, 1972] for low temperatures and by
Roeser and Lonberger [1958] for high temperatures.
These tests are necessary in order to determine the
homogeneity characteristics of each type of wire and
to determine the most representative wires. Dip tests
performed on these materials provide information on
short range, medium range, and long range inhomo-
geneities and compare the materials to existing stand-
ards.

No thermal voltage is developed when a loop of
homogeneous wire is subjected to a temperature gra-
dient. Similarly, no voltage is generated when two
identical wires are joined and the pair of wires is
placed in a temperature gradient. The problem in
practical thermometry is, however, that the ideal char-
acteristics "homogeneous" and "identical" are not suf-
ficiently well approximated for real thermocouple ma-
terials. Actually, a loop of wire placed in a large
temperature gradient will usually produce a resultant
voltage, sometimes as large as 10 /xV for poor mate-
rials. If wire from one spool is connected to wire from
a different spool of the same nominal composition,
their junction is placed in a controlled temperature
bath, and the free ends are held at room temperature,
then a significant voltage may result ; we have observed
readings as large as hundreds of microvolts for some
base metal alloys. These variable spurious voltages
caused by inter-lot variations, inhomogeneities, physi-
cal imperfections, and chemical impurities are usually
the main source of imprecision and inaccuracy for
thermocouple measurements under controlled labo-
ratory conditions.

For descriptive convenience, we have divided in-
homogeneities into four categories based on their dis-
tance of separation:

( 1 ) Short-range inhomogeneities occur in a single
wire and are separated by less than five meters, often
being within a few centimeters of each other.

(2) Medium-range inhomogeneities occur in wires
that are from a single spool but are more than five
meters apart.

(3) Long-range inhomogeneities are found in wires
that are from the same general stock but are from
different spools.

(4) Inter -lot variations in chemical composition,
thermal treatment and handling occur in materials pro-
duced by different manufacturers, or even in wire pro-
duced by the same manufacturer at different times.

The latter two categories of inhomogeneities lead to
much larger spurious voltages, especially in cryogenic
systems. Well-prepared thermocouple wire can have
short-range inhomogeneity effects as low as 0.1 pN ;
alloys from different manufacturers often have inter-
lot variations as large as 100 /^V.

Commercial thermocouple materials are manufac-
tured under quality controls that insure that their
thermoelectric voltages will remain within accepted
limits of error (usually as specified by ANSI, ASTM,
and ISA standards). For example, thermoelectric
voltages of base-metal materials may vary by several
hundred microvolts from lot to lot without exceeding
the recognized limits of error. It is commercially im-
practical to produce thermocouple materials that are
highly uniform from lot to lot.

Because of this commercial variability, an extremely
important criteria for accurate thermocouple system
design is that all of the thermocouple material of a
particular type come from the same lot. Sufficient ma-
terial should be ordered at the initiation of a project
to insure that replacement or additional material will
not need to be obtained from other lots or manufac-
turers, material which, though well within specified
error limits, may have significantly different thermo-
electric properties from the original.

The letter designations used in this Monograph fol-
low the recommendations of Committee E-20 of the
American Society for Testing and Materials. The letter
type, e.g.. Type T, designates the thermoelectric prop-
erties, not the precise chemical composition. Thermo-
couples of a given type may have variations in com-
position as long as the resultant thermoelectric
properties remain within the established limits of
error.

We also follow conventional practice in two other
respects : ( 1 ) the thermoelement with the more posi-
tive absolute thermoelectric voltage of the two thermo-
couple materials is listed first, e.g., reicAreZ-chromium
alloy versus nickel-ahimimm alloy for the Type K
thermocouple; and (2) the reference junction is as-
sumed to be at 0 °C, the ice point.

The number of significant figures to be carried in
reference tables is often a matter of personal prefer-
ence and is somewhat arbitrary. In this Monograph,
the voltage resolution in the main tables is usually

9

0. 01 juV. That represents more precision than can be
obtained with any but the best instrument systems.
Especially at high temperatures the quoted precisions
can not be easily achieved. A good estimate of the
overall inaccuracy of the data for each thermocouple
type may be obtained from the standard deviation of
the data fit which is given for each thermocouple type.
In addition, the industrial recommended limits of
error are also quoted. The experimental imprecision
below 0 °C is usually 10 to 100 times better than it is
at high temperatures.

It should be stressed that thermocouple material
that conforms closely to the high temperature
tabular values may not necessarily conform
closely at low temperatures (below 0 °C) and
vice versa. If thermocouples are to be used for ac-
curate measurements both above and below 0 °C, then
the material must be calibrated in the full temperature
range, both above and below 0 °C.

1.5. Acknowledgments

A project of this magnitude does not, of course,
represent the efforts of only a few people. In the
Boulder Laboratories, C. H. Hyink did most of the
actual processing of programs and preparation of aux-
iliary tables, and D. J. Fraunfelder helped complete
many of the tables. The advisory and review com-
mittee representing industry was headed by D. I.
Finch of Leeds and Northrup Company. His assistance
was essential for making the Monograph more val-
uable, so that the quoted values would be most repre-
sentative of modern materials, and so that the textual
matter and tables would be satisfactory for many types
of users. Many others on that committee were es-
pecially helpful in supplying information on materials,
especially the late B. Brenner of Sigmund Cohn Corp.,
A. J. Gottlieb of Wilber B. Driver Co., C. L. Guettel
of Driver-Harris Co., F. S. Sibley of Hoskins Manu-
facturing Co., J. D. Sine of Honeywell Inc., and E. D.
Zysk of Engelhard Minerals and Chemicals Corpora-
tion. R. K. Adams and W. W. Johnston of the Oak
Ridge National Laboratory gave valuable advice based
on their extensive calibration experience, and sup-
plied copies of many special calibrations that were
especially useful in establishing average values for
recently produced material. D. H. Sinclair and

1. Warshawsky of NASA Lewis Research Center and
J. D. Sine of Honeywell Inc. made valuable sugges-
tions for the final version of the text.

1.6 References

Acken, J. S., .Some Properties of Platinum-Rhodium Alloys, J.
Res. Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) 12, 249 [1934] RP650.

Aliotta, J., Effects of Impurities on the Thermoelectric Proper-
ties of Platinum, Instruments and Control Systems 45, 106-
107 [1972].

American Society for Testing and Materials, Manual on the
Use of Thermocouples in Temperature Measurement, ASTM
Special Tech. Publ. 470, Editorial Chairman, R. P. Benedict
[Am. Soc. Test. Mat., Philadelphia, 1970].

American Society for Testing and Materials, 1972 Annual Book
of Standards, Part 30, Am. Soc. Test. Mat., Philadelphia
[1972].

Barber, C. R., The E.M.F. — Temperature Calibration of Plati-
num, 10% Rhodium — Platinum and Platinum, 13% Rhodium
— Platinum Thermocouples over the Temperature Range 0°-
1,760 °C., Proc. Phys. Soc. 63B, 492-503 [1950].

Bedford, R. E., Reference Tables for Platinum 20% Rhodium/
Platinum 5% Rhodium Thermocouples, Rev. Sci. Instr. 35,
1177 [1964].

Bedford, R. E., Reference Tables for Platinum-40% Rhodium/
Platinum-20% Rhodium Thermocouples, Rev. Sci. Instr. 36,
1571 [1965].

Bedford, R. E., Ma, C. K., Barber, C. R., Chandler, T. R.,
Quinn, T. J., Burns, G. W., and Scroger, M., New Reference
Tables for Platinum 10% Rhodium/Platinum and Platinum
13% Rhodium/Platinum Thermocouples, Temperature, Vol.
4, p. 1585, Instrument Society of America, Pittsburgh, Penn-
sylvania [1972].

Bennett, H. E., Noble Metal Thermocouples, 2nd Edition,
Johnson, Matthey and Co., London, [1958].

Bjork, A., Solving Least Squares Problems by Gram-Schmidt
Orthogonalization BIT, Nordisk Tidsprift for Informations-
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British Standards Inst., Reference Tables for Thermocouples,
(Platinum/Rhodium v. Platinum), B.S. 1826: 1952 (British
Standards House, London, [1952].

Burley, N. A., Solute Depletion and Thermo-emf Drift in
Nickel-base Thermocouple Alloys, J. Inst. Metals 97, 252-
254 [1969].

Burley, N. A., Nicrosil and Nisil: Highly Stable Nickel-base
Alloys for Thermocouples, Temperature, Vol. 4, p. 1677,
Instrument Society of America, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
[1972].

Burley, N. A., and Acklund, R. G., The Stability of Thermo-
emf/Temperature Characteristics of Nickel-base Thermo-
couples, Jour, of Australiafi Inst, of Metals, 12 [1967].

Burns, G. W., Chairman special task group of ASTM Com-
mittee E20.04.01, privately circulated modification of the
tabular data given in letter by Guettel [1967], letter to mem-
bers of the ASTM special task group [Sept. 15, 1967].

Burns, G. W., and Gallagher, J. S. [1970] OfSce notes used
for Type B calibration calculations. Values were adjusted
to be on the IPTS-68 and to be referenced to Pt-67.

Burns, G. W., and Gallagher, J. S., Reference Tables for the
Pt-30 percent Rh versus Pt-6 percent Thermocouple, J. Res.
Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) 70C (Eng. and Instr.) 89-125
[1966].

Caldwell, F. R., Thermocouple Materials, Nat. Bur. Stand.
(U.S.) Monogr. 40, 47 pages [1962].

Caldwell, F. R., Temperature of Thermocouple Reference Junc-
tions in an Ice Bath, J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) 69C
(Engr. and Instr.) 95-101 [1965].

CIPM — Comite International des Poids et Mesures, Interna-
tional Practical Temperature Scale of 1968, Metrologia 5,
35-44 [1969].

Cochrane, J., Relationship of Chemical Composition to the
Electric Properties of Platinum, Engelhard Tech. Bull. 11,
58-73 [1970]. Also presented in Temperature, Vol. 4, p.
1619 (Instrument Society of America, Pittsburgh, Pennsyl-
vania, 1972).

Corruccini, R. J., and Shenker, H., Modified 1913 Reference
Tables for Iron-Constantan Thermocouples, J. Res. Nat.
Bur. Stand. (U.S.) 50, 229-245 [1953].

Dahl, A. J., The Stability of Base-metal Thermocouples in Air
from 800 to 2200 °F, in Temperature, Its Measurement and
Control in Science and Industry, Vol. 2, 1283-1266, Reinhold
Pub. Corp. New York [1941].

Ehringer, H., Uber die Lebensdauer von Pt Rh-thermoele-
menten, Metall 8, 596-598 [1954].

Fairchild, C. 0., and Schmitt, K. M., Life Tests of Platinum-
Platinum-Rhodium Thermo-couples, Chem. Met. Eng. 26,
158-160 [1922].

Fazzalari, F. A., and Leonette, P. E., Handbook of Polynomial
Regression Coefficients for Estimating Temperature in De-
grees Celsius from Millivolts, IBM Components Div., East
Fishkill (N.Y.) Report MP 22 0156 [1969].

Finch, D. L, U. S. Patent No. 2,325,759 [Aug. 3, 1943].

Foote, P. D., Fairchild, C. 0., and Harrison, T. R., Pyrometric
Practice, Tech. Pap. BS 14, 306 [1920] T170.

10

Glawe, G. E., Thermal Electromotive Force Change for Some
Noble and Refractory-Metal Thermocouples at 1600 K in
Vacuum, Air, and Argon, Nat. Aero, and Space Agency Tech.
Note TN-D7027 [Dec. 1970]. Also presented as, Long-Term
Drift of Some Noble and Refractory-metal Thermocouples
at 1600 K in Air, Argon, and Vacuum, Temperature, Vol. 4,
p. 1645 (Instrument Society of America, Pittsburgh, Penn-
sylvania, 1972).

Guettel, C. L., Unpublished tables of thermal emf-temperature
values for Types K, E, and T thermoelement materials versus
Pt-27 in general use by industry and based upon NBS ex-
perimental data, a privately circulated letter to a task group
and several members of SAE and ASTM thermometry com-
mittees, [July 31, 1967].

Hendricks, J. W., and McElroy, J. L., Report presented to Sec.
2, Sub. IV of ASTM E-20 Comm., Am. Soc. Test. Mat. An-
nual ^Meeting, Chicago [June 25, 1964].

Hansen, M., and Anderko, K., Constitution of Binary Alloys,
McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York [1958].

Hust, J. G., A Compilation and Historical Review of Tempera-
ture Scale Differences, Cryogenics 9, 443-455 [1969].

Le Chatelier, H., Compt. Rend. 102, 819 [1886]. Additional
papers were published in Journal de Physique and Annallen
der Physik during 1887.

Lindeck, S., Report Brit. Assoc. for Advance, of Science, 134
[1892].

McLaren, E. H., and Murdock, E. G., New Considerations on
the Preparation, Properties and Limitations of the Standard
Thermocouple for Thermometry. Temperature, Vol. 4, p.
1543, Instrument Society of America, Pittsburgh, Pennsyl-
vania [1972].

Nat. Acad, of Sciences and Nat. Res. Council. International
Critical Tables, Vol. 1, 59 McGraw-Hill Book Co., N.Y.
[1926].

NBS Office of Standard Reference Materials, Certificate of
Analysis on Standard Reference Materials 680 and 681, High
Purity and Doped Platinum [Dec. 28, 1967].

Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), New Platinum Standards, NBS Tech.
News Bull. 52, 62 [1968a].

Nat. Bur. of Stand. (U.S.) Reference Base of the Volt to be
Changed, NBS Tech. News Bull. 52, 204^206 [1968b].

Obrowski, W., and Prinz, W., Neu Bestimmte Grundwerte fur
die Thermopaarkombination Pt 30% Rh-Pt 6% Rh, Arch.
Eisenhuttenwesen 33, 1-4 [1962].

Plumb, H. H., and Cataland, G., Acoustical Thermometer, Sci-
ence 150, 155-161 [1965a].

Plumb, H. H., and Cataland, G., An Absolute Temperature
Scale from 4 °K to 20 °K Determined from Measurements
with an Acoustical Thermometer, J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand
(Phys. and Chem.) 69A, No. 375 [1965b].

Plumb, H. H., and Cataland, G., Acoustical Thermometer and
the National Bureau of Standards Provisional Temperature
Scale 2-20 (1965), Metrologia 2, 127-139 [1966].

Pollock, D. D., The Theory and Properties of Thermocouple
Elements, ASTM Special Tech. Publ. 492 Am. Soc. Test
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Powell, R. L., Hall, W. J., and Hust, J. G., The Fitting of Re-
sistance Thermometer Data by Orthogonal Functions, Tem-
perature, Vol. 4, p. 1423, Instrument Society of America,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania [1972].

Potts, J. F., Jr., and McElroy, D. L., in Temperature, lis Meas-
urement and Control in Science and Industry, Vol. 3, Edited
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Quinn, T. J., and Chandler, T. R. D., A New Determination of
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[1971].

Rhys, D. W., and Taimsalu, P., Effect of Alloying Additions on
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Roeser, W. F., Dahl, A. I., and Gowens, G. J., Standard Tables
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RP1339.

Shenker, H., Lauritzen, J. I., Jr., and Corruccini, R. J., Refer-
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Sine, J. D., Data sheet shown at Advisory Committee meeting
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Sparks, L. L., and Hust, J. G., Thermoelectric Voltage of Plat-
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Instability of Some Noble Metal Thermocouples at High
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York [1962]).

11

2. Type S — Platinum— 10% Rhodium Alloy Versus Platinum Thermocouples

2.1 Material Specifications and Precautions

This type is often referred to by the nominal chem-
ical composition of its positive thermoelement: plat-
inum* — 10% rhodium. Until this year the composi-
tion was somewhat different from the nominal 10 per-
cent rhodium, usually about 9.91 wt%. However, as
a result of the recent research by Bedford et al. [1972],
the composition of the positive thermoelement has
been established to be platinum — 10.00 ± 0.05 wt%
rhodium. The negative thermoelement is commercially
pure platinum. Differences between this commercial
material and the platinum thermoelectric reference
standard, Pt-67, are described in the next section.
Differences between Pt-67 and the earlier standard
Pt-27 are summarized in section 1.2. The effect of
differences in rhodium content of the positive thermo-
element is described later in this section.

The platinum — 10% rhodium thermocouple was
developed and tested by Le Chatelier [1886] almost
a century ago. Because of his pioneer work, this type
of thermocouple was often referred to as the Le
Chatelier couple. In this country the ASTM (E230-
68) and ISA (C96.1-64) standards for this thermo-
couple type have been taken from NBS Circular 561
by Shenker et al. [1955]. The reference tables given
in NBS Circular 561 were based on functions given
by Roeser and Wensel [1933], as revised to conform
with the IPTS-48. In Great Britain, the British
Standards Institution (BSI) Table B.S. 1826:1952 for
this thermocouple type was based on the research by
Barber [1950]. There were considerable differences
between the American and British reference tables
because of small differences in rhodium content and
in different realizations of the temperature scales. Dif-
ferences between the values given in this Monograph
and those given in the previous NBS and BSI tables
are shown in the next section.

The early research by Le Chatelier [1886] demon-
strated the main advantages of the platinum — 10%
rhodium thermoelement: reproducibility, stability, and
usefulness to moderately high temperature. An ASTM
manual, STP-470 [1970], and Bennett [1958] have
described many of the properties of noble metal ther-
mocouples. For many industrial applications, the
Type R or B noble metal thermocouples (described
in the next two chapters) have preferable characteris-
tics and are often used instead of Type S systems. How-
ever, Type S thermocouples remain the standard for
determining temperatures between 630.74 °C and the
freezing point of gold (1064.43 °C). The CIPM
[1969] article details the temperature scale definition
in this range and includes specifications on the limits
of the thermocouple voltage. The other fixed point
used for determining the constants in the specified
quadratic interpolation formula of the thermoelectric
voltage is the freezing point of silver, 961.93 °C.

Because of the differences between the British and

• Throughout this Monograph in the thermocouple designations an italicized
word indicates the primary constituent of an alloy.

American standards for Type S thermocouples, an
international program was begun several years ago
to rectify the unsatisfactory disagreements and to es-
tablish a common set of standard reference tables.
The program involved cooperation of three national
laboratories: the National Bureau of Standards (USA),
the National Physical Laboratory (UK) and the Na-
tional Research Council (Canada) and of seven man-
ufacturers in Great Britain and the United States. The
thoroughly documented results have been published
by Bedford et al. [1972].

Their research has confirmed that Type S thermo-
couples can be used from — 50 °C up to the platinum
melting point 1767.6 °C (incidentally found to not be
1772 °C as listed in the CIPM article). They may be
used intermittently at temperatures up to the platinum
melting point and continuously up to about 1400 °C.
The ultimate useful life of the thermocouple is gov-
erned primarily by physical problems of impurity
diffusion and grain growth which lead to mechanical
failure. The thermocouple is most reliable when used
in a clean oxidizing atmosphere (air) but may also
be used in inert gaseous atmospheres or in a vacuum
for short periods of time. However, as noted in sec-
tion 4, Type B thermocouples are generally more suit-
able for these applications. Continued use of Type S
thermocouples at high temperatures, above about
1400 °C, leads to excessive grain growth in the plat-
inum thermoelement. Stability of the thermocouple at
high temperatures depends primarily upon the quality
of the materials used for protecting and insulating the
thermocouple. High purity alumina with low iron
content appears to be the most suitable material for
mechanicaUy supporting and protecting the thermo-
couple wires.

The ASTM manual STP 470 [1970] indicates the
following restrictions on the use of Type S thermo-
couples at high temperatures: They should not be used
in reducing atmospheres, nor in those containing
metallic vapor (such as lead or zinc), nonmetalUc
vapors ( such as arsenic, phosphorus, or sulfur) or
easily reduced oxides, unless suitably protected with
nonmetalUc protecting tubes. They should never be
inserted directly into a metallic primary tube.

The positive thermoelement, platinum — 10% rho-
dium, is unstable in a thermal neutron flux because
the rhodium converts to palladium. The negative
thermoelement, pure platinum, is relatively stable to
neutron transmutation. However, fast neutron bom-
bardment will cause physical damage, which will
change the thermoelectric voltage unless it is annealed
out.

McLaren and Murdock [1972] have described sev-
eral precautions that must be taken to insure accurate
measurements in the intermediate temperature range,
including the defined range from 630.74 to 1064.43 °C.
They emphasized the importance of annealing tech-
niques.

Both thermoelements of Type S thermocouples are
sensitive to impurity contamination. In fact the Type

13

R thermocouple described in the next section was
developed essentially because of iron contamination
effects in some British platinum — 10% rhodium wires.
Cochrane [1970] and Aliotta [1972] have recently
given detailed descriptions of the effects of various
impurities on the thermoelectric voltages of platinum
based thermocouple materials. At present good alloy
material typically contains less than 500 atomic ppm
of impurities; good pure platinum, less than 100
atomic ppm of impurities. High temperature impurity
contamination usually causes negative drifts in cali-
bration, the extent of which will depend on the type
and amount of chemical contaminant. Volatilization
of rhodium from the positive thermoelement or diffu-
sion of rhodium from the positive thermoelement into
the pure platinum negative thermoelement will also
cause negative drifts in the thermoelectric output.

At the gold point, 1064.43 °C, the thermoelectric
voltage of Type S thermocouples increases by about
340 fjY 3%) per weight percent increase in rho-
dium content; the Seebeck coefficient increases by
about 4 percent per weight percent increase at the
same temperature.

The thermoelectric voltages of platinum based ther-
mocouples are sensitive to their heat treatments. In
particular, quenching from high temperatures should
be avoided. Before annealing, platinum and platinum-
rhodium alloy wires should be degreased with solvents
such as trichloroethane or trichloroethylene and then
may be rinsed with distilled water. After cleaning,
they should be annealed by the techniques recom-
mended by Bedford et al. [1972]: Anneal electrically
in air at 1450 °C for 30 minutes and then slowly cool
them to room temperature. The air should be dust
free, of course. After assembly in insulating and pro-
tecting tubes, the thermocouple should be reannealed
for one hour at 1100 °C or for 30 minutes at 1400 °C
and then slowly cooled (about 30 minutes) to room
temperature.

The Office of Standard Reference Materials of the
National Bureau of Standards has prepared a large
lot of reference grade platinum wire approximately
0.5 mm in diameter. The material has been thoroughly
characterized chemically and electrically and is avail-
able from the National Bureau of Standards as Stand-
ard Reference Material-SRM No. 680. A selected
portion of that material has been set aside for use as
a thermoelectric reference standard by the Temperature
Section of the NBS. It is referred to as Pt-67. A de-
scription of the chemical composition and electrical
properties of Pt-67 is given in section 1.2.

ASTM Standard E230-72 in the Annual Book of
ASTM Standards [1972] specifies that the standard
limits of error for Type S commercial thermocouples
be ±: 1.4 °C between 0 and 538 °C and dr % percent
between 538 and 1482 °C. Limits of error are not
specified for Type S thermocouples below 0 °C. The
recommended upper temperature limit for continuous
use of protected thermocouples, 1482 °C, applies to
A.WG 24 (0.5 mm) wire.

2.2. Data Analyses and Comparisons

The fitting functions for Type S thermocouples are
taken directly from the original research recently pub-
lished by Bedford et al. [1972]. Their values for
thermoelectric voltages were based on the IPTS-68
and therefore no temperature scale corrections were
necessary. They used a high-purity platinum, but not
Pt-67, as the negative thermoelement. We made only
one modification to their functional expressions: the
basic voltage function above 1064 °C is also expressed
as a simple power series in this Monograph. For
completeness their reduced temperature expression is
also included in table 2.3.1.

Bedford et al. [1972] carried out research on twelve
meters of wire for each thermoelement from each of
four American and two British manufacturers. The
National Bureau of Standards and the National Re-
search Council calibrated the thermocouples from
—50 °C to the gold freezing point (1064.43 °C) ; the
National Physics Laboratory performed the measure-
ments at higher temperatures. The authors gave a
very thorough description of their measurement and
analysis techniques.

Bedford et al. [1972] based their fitting functions
and tables on a selected lot of wire from one manufac-
turer, labeled A. As a first step, they fit the values in
the defined temperature range 630.74 °C to 1064.43
°C by a quadratic function. Next, all of the data below
630.74 °C was fit with a sixth degree function that
was constrained in value at 0 °C and 630.74 °C. The
fit had a standard deviation of 0.53 /aV for 70 experi-
mental points. The temperature range above 1064.43 °C
was split in two: one range was from 1064.43 °C to
1665 °C; the other, from 1665 °C to 1767.6 °C
(their measured value for the melting point of plati-
num; see also Quinn and Chandler [1971]). They
used a reduced temperature variable for the fitting
above 1064 °C. A cubic function constrained at 1064.43
°C was used for the first upper range; another cubic
function constrained at 1665 °C was used for the
second range. The first fit had a standard deviation
of 1.4 fiV for eight points; the second, 2.0 /^V for eight
points. The maximum difference that they found be-
tween any two sets of wires was about 50 /aV at
1767 °C.

The values for thermoelectric voltages given in this
Monograph were compared to those given in 53 cali-
brations (dated between 1966 and 1970) from the
Temperature Section of the National Bureau of Stand-
ards in Gaithersburg. All of the wires were from the
older, nominally 10 percent rhodium material; none
were from the newer, precisely 10 percent rhodium
material used for the international comparison. Devi-
ations are shown in figure 2.2.1. for five thermocouples
representative of the older material. All values were
adjusted to the IPTS-68. The systematic trend be-
tween the old material and the new tables is obvious.
Deviations for thermocouples from six different manu-
facturers measured by Bedford et al. [1972] (all are
the newer, accurately 10% rhodium material) are
shown in figure 2.2.2. Material A was used by Bedford

14,

-40 1 [ \ I \ I 1 ,

0 04 0.8 1. 2x10-

TEMPERATURE ."C

Figure 2.2.1. Deviations of thermoelectric voltages of Type S
thermocouples — comparison of values given in this Mono-
graph to those for typical thermocouples which conform to
the previous Type S standard (NBS Circular 561).

Experimental values for thermocouples Nos. 4, 5, 11. 43 and ORNL are
from selected calibrations by the Temperature Section (NBS, Gaithers-
burg) . Values from the previous calibrations are adjusted to the IPTS— 68,
The dashed line indicates a deviation of 1 °C.

0 500 1000 1500

TEMPERATURE, °C

Figure 2.2.2. Deviation of thermoelectric voltages of Type S
thermocouples — comparison of values given in this Mono-
graph to experimental data by Bedford, et al. [1972].

All values are expressed on the IPTS-68. The dashed lines indicate a
deviation of 1 '^C.

TEMPERATURE , °C

Figure 2.2.3. Difference in thermoelectric voltages for Type S thermocouples — comparison of
values given in this Monograph to those given in: NBS Circular 561; BSI (B.S. 1826:1952).

The width of the shaded curves indicates the round-off uncertainty in the previous tabular values. Values from the

previous standards are adjusted to the IPTS— 68. TJie dashed line indicates a deviation of 1 °C.

15

et al. [1972] for generation of their recommended
functions. The negative thermoelement (Material A)
was about 6 /xV positive with respect to Pt-67 at
1064.43 °C, which is typical of present day thermo-
couple-quality (reference grade) platinum.

Deviations between values given in this Monograph
and those given by Shenker et al. [1955] in NBS Cir-
cular 561 and by the British Standards Institute
[1952] are shown in figure 2.2.3. The earlier values
were adjusted to the IPTS-68. The deviation curves
indicate differences caused by variation in material
composition, experimental error, and fitting techniques.
The width of the curve represents the round-off un-
certainty (1 fiY) in the tabular values quoted in the
two previous standard tables.

The reference tables for Type S thermocouples given
in this Monograph were derived by Bedford et al.
[1972] in such a way that the thermoelectric voltage,
E, is a continuous function of temperature (^es) over
the whole range. However, there are discontinuities
in some derivatives at some of the joins in tempera-

2.3. Reference Functions and

The coefficients for the four sets of equations for the
thermoelectric voltage of Type S thermocouples are
given in table 2.3.1. The reduced temperature ex-
pressions generated by Bedford et al. [1972] are in-
cluded. The errors caused by using reduced bit arith-
metic for calculating values of the functions are given
in table 2.3.4.

The primary reference values for Type S thermo-
couples are given in table 2.3.2. Values at selected fixed

-0.2 1 I I I I I I I I I .

-0.2 0.2 0.6 1.0 1.4 1.8x10'

TEMPERATURE ,°C

Figure 2.3.1. Thermoelectric voltage for Type S thermocou-
ples.

The circles indicate values at various thermometric fixed points on the
lPTS-68.

ture ranges. These discontinuities can be clearly seen
in figure 2.3.3. Bedford et al. [1972] have explained
why the discontinuities are necessary: the Seebeck
coefficient is discontinuous at 630.74 °C, the lower
limit of the defined temperature range. These dis-
continuities are implicit in the definition of the IPTS-
68, see CIPM [1969]. At 630.74 °C the standard
interpolating instrument is changed from a platinum
resistance thermometer to a Type S thermocouple.
Above the gold freezing point, 1064.43 °C, an optical
pyrometer is most commonly used to measure tem-
peratures. It would be fortunate if the three methods
actually joined smoothly at the two temperatures
630.74 and 1064.43 °C. However, they do not, and
the discontinuities in derivatives are reflected in the
values for Type S and Type R thermocouples. At
630.74 °C the discontinuities in Seebeck coefficients
are 0.18 percent for both Type S and R thermocouples
(higher values above 630.74 °C). At 1064.43 °C the
discontinuities in Seebeck coefficients were so small,
less than 0.1 percent, that they could be removed
mathematically.

Tables for Type S Thermocouples

points are given in table 2.3.3. Graphs of the thermo-
electric voltage, its first derivative (Seebeck coeffi-
cient), and second derivative are given in figures
2.3.1, 2.3.2, and 2.3.3, respectively. Discontinuities
in the second derivative are apparent in figure 2.3.3.
As discussed in the previous section, these discon-
tinuities result from equations for different tempera-
ture regions being joined without constraints on their
derivatives.

-0.2 0.2 0.6 1.0 1.4 1.8x10'

TEMPERATURE ,°C
Figure 2.3.2. Seebeck coefficient for Type S thermocouples.

The circles indicate values at various thermometric fixed points on the
IPTS-68.

16

-0,2 0.2 0.6 1.0 1.4 1.8x10'

TEMPERATURE °C

Figure 2.3.3. Second derivative of thermoelectric voltage for

Type S thermocouples.

The circles indicate values at various thermometric 6xed points on the
IPTS-68.

Table 2.3.1. Power series expansion for the thermoelectric voltage of Type S thermocouples

Temperature range

Degree

uoetticients

Term

-50 to 630.74 °C

6

5.3995782346 ...

T

1.2519770000 XlQ-^

-2.2448217997 XlO-^

J'3

2.8452164949 XlO-'

T*

-2.2440584544 XlQ-"

8.5054166936 XlO""

7-6

630.74 to 1064. 43 °C

2

-2.9824481615 XlO^

8.2375528221 ...

7-1

1.6453909942 XlO"'

J'2

1064 . 43 to 1665 °C

3

1.2766292175 XlO'

3.4970908041 ...

fl

6 .3824648666 XlO-^

j2

-1.5722424599 XlO"'

J'3

1665 to 1767 .6 °C

3

9.7846655361 XlO^

-1.7050295632 XlO^

7-1

1.1088699768 XlQ-^

ft

-2.2494070849 XlO"'

f3

1064.43 to 1665 °C

3

1.3943438677 X10<

r-1365

3.6398686553 XlO'

J*\

T* =

-5.0281206140 ...

1*1

300

-4.2450546418 XlO'

1665 to 1767.6 °C

3

1.8113083153 XIO*

r-1715

5.6795375480 XlO^

7^*1

—

-1.2112492121 XlOi

7^*2

50

-2.8117588563 ...

7^*3

17

Table 2.3.2. Type S thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E{T) , Seebeck coefficients, S{T) , and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C

T

E

s

dS/dT

T

E

s

dS/dT

T

E

s

dS/dT

»c

U.V

•c

aV

nV/'C*

»C

nV/'C^

-40

-194.44

4.283

31.00

-20

-102.80

4.871

27.87

-39

-190.14

4.314

30.84

-19

-97.91

4.899

27.73

— 38

—18 5.81

4. 344

30.68

-18

—93 .00

4.926

2 7.58

-37

-181.45

4.375

30.51

-17

-88.06

4.954

27.43

-36

-177.06

4.405

30.35

-16

-83.09

4.981

27.28

-35

-172.64

4,436

30.19

-15

-78.10

5.008

27.14

-34

-168. 19

4,466

30.03

-14

-73.08

5.036

26.99

-33

-163.71

4.496

29.87

-13

-68.03

5.062

26.85

-32

-159.20

4,526

29,71

-12

-62.95

5.089

26.71

-31

-154.66

4,555

29,56

-11

-57.85

5.116

26.56

-50

-235.69

3.964

32,69

-30

-150.09

4,585

29.40

-10

-52 . 72

5, 142

26.42

-49

-231.71

3.997

32.51

-29

-145.49

4,614

29.24

-9

-47.57

5. 169

26.28

-48

-227.69

4.029

32.34

-28

-140.86

4,643

29.09

-8

-42.38

5, 195

26.14

-47

-223.65

4.062

32.17

-27

-136.20

4.672

28,93

-7

-37,18

5.221

26.00

—46

—219,57

4 • 094

32,00

— 26

—131.52

4.701

28,78

-6

-31, 94

5.247

2 5.86

-45

-215.46

4. 126

31.83

-25

-126.80

4,730

28,63

-5

-26.68

5.273

25.72

-44

-211.32

4.157

31.67

-24

-122,06

4,758

28,48

-4

-21.40

5.298

25.58

-43

-207. 15

4. 189

31.50

-23

-117,29

4.787

28,32

-3

-16.09

5.324

25.45

-42

-202.94

4.220

31.33

-22

-112,49

4.815

28,17

-2

-10,75

5.349

25.31

-41

-198.71

4.252

31.17

-21

-107.66

4.843

28,02

-1

-5.39

5.374

25.17

-40

-194.44

4.283

31.00

-20

-102.80

4.871

27.87

0

0.00

5.400

25.04

18

Table 2.3.2. Type S thermocouples—thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

s

•c

0

0.00

5.400

1

5.425

2

10.85

5.449

3

16.31

5.474

4

21.80

5.499

dS/dT T E

nV/'C^ "C

25.04 60 364.55

24.91 61 371.24

24.77 62 377.95

24.64 63 384.68

24.51 64 391.42

S dS/dT T

f^WC nVZ-C* "C

6.683 18.09 120

6.701 18.00 121

6.719 17.90 122

6.737 17.80 123

6.754 17.70 124

E

s

fi.y/'c

dS/dT

794.81

7.609

13.07

802.43

7.622

13.00

810.05

7.635

12.93

817.70

7,648

12.86

825.35

7.661

12.79

5 27.31

6 32.84

7 38.40

8 43.99

9 49.59

5.523 24.37

5.547 24.24

5.572 24.11

5.596 23.98

5.620 23.85

65 398.19

66 404.97

67 411.77

68 418.58

69 425.41

6.772 17.61

6.789 17.51

6,807 17.42

6.824 17.32

6.842 17.23

125 833.02

126 840.70

127 848.39

128 856.10

129 863.81

7.674 12.72

7.686 12.66

7.699 12.59

7.712 12.52

7.724 12.45

10 55.23

11 60.88

12 66.56

13 72.26

14 77.99

5.643 23.73

5.667 23.60

5.691 23.47

5.714 23.35

5.737 23.22

70 432.26

71 439.13

72 446.02

73 452.92

74 459.84

6.859 17.14

6.876 17.04

6.893 16.95

6.910 16.86

6.927 16.77

130 871.54

131 879.29

132 887.04

133 894.81

134 902.59

7.736 12.39

7.749 12.32

7.761 12.25

7.773 12.19

7.786 12.12

15 83.74

16 89.51

17 95.30

18 101.12

19 106.96

5.760 23.09

5.783 22.97

5.806 22.85

5.829 22.72

5.852 22.60

75 466.77

76 473.72

77 480.69

78 487.67

79 494.68

6.943 16.68

6.960 16.59

6.976 16.50

6.993 16.41

7.009 16.32

135 910.38

136 918.18

137 926.00

138 933.83

139 941.67

7.798 12.06

7.810 12.00

7.822 11.93

7.833 11.87

7.845 11.80

20 112.82

21 118.71

22 124.62

23 130.55

24 136.50

25 142.47

26 148.47

27 154.49

28 160.53

29 166.59

5.874 22.48

5.897 22.36

5.919 22.24

5.941 22.12

5.963 22.00

5.985 21.88

6.007 21.76

6.029 21.64

6.050 21.53

6.072 21.41

80 501.69

81 508.73

82 515.78

83 522.84

84 529.92

85 537.02

86 544.14

87 551.27

88 558.41

89 565.57

7.026 16.23

7.042 16.14

7.058 16.05

7.074 15.97

7.090 15.88

7.106 15.80

7.121 15.71

7.137 15.62

7.153 15.54

7.168 15.46

140 949.52

141 957.38

142 965.26

143 973.14

144 981.04

145 988.95

146 996.87

147 1004.80

148 1012.75

149 1020.70

7.857 11.74

7.869 11.68

7.880 11.62

7.892 11.56

7.904 11.49

7.915 11.43

7.926 11.37

7.938 11.31

7.949 11.25

7.960 11.19

30

172.67

31

178.78

32

184.90

33

191.05

34

197.21

35

203.40

36

209.61

37

215.84

38

222.09

39

228.36

40

234.65

41

240.96

42

247.29

43

253.64

44

260.01

45

266.40

46

272.81

47

279.24

48

285.69

49

292.16

50

298.64

51

305.15

52

311.67

53

318,22

54

324.78

6.093 21.29

6.114 21.18

6.135 21.06

6.157 20.95

6.177 20.84

6.198 20.72

6.219 20.61

6.239 20.50

6.260 20.39

6.280 20.28

6.300 20.17

6.321 20.06

6.341 19.95

6.360 19.84

6.380 19.74

6.400 19.63

6.419 19.52

6.439 19.42

6.458 19.31

6.478 19.21

6.497 19.10

6.516 19,00

6.535 18,90

6.564 18.80

6.572 18.69

90 572.75

91 579.94

92 587.14

93 594.37

94 601.60

95 608.85

96 616.12

97 623.40

98 630.70

99 638.01

100 645.34

101 652.68

102 660.03

103 667.40

104 674.79

105 682.18

106 689.60

107 697.02

108 704.46

109 711.92

110 719.38

111 726.87

112 734.36

113 741.87

114 749.39

7.184 15.37

7.199 15.29

7.214 15.21

7.229 15.12

7.244 15.04

7.259 14.96

7.274 14.88

7.289 14.80

7.304 14.72

7.319 14.64

7.333 14.56

7.348 14.48

7.362 14.40

7.377 14.33

7.391 14.25

7.405 14.17

7.419 14.10

7.433 14.02

7.447 13.94

7.461 13.87

7.475 13.79

7.489 13.72

7.502 13.65

7.516 13.57

7.530 13.50

150

1028.67

151

1036.64

152

1044.63

153

1052.63

154

1060.64

155

1068.66

156

1076.69

157

1084.73

158

1092.79

159

1100.85

160

1108.93

161

1117.01

162

1125.11

163

1133.21

164

1141.33

165

1149.46

166

1157.59

167

1165.74

168

1173.90

169

1182.07

170

1190.24

171

1198.43

172

1206.63

173

1214.84

174

1223.05

7.971 11.13

7.983 11.07

7.994 11.02

8.005 10.96

8.015 10.90

8.026 10,84

8,037 10.78

8.048 10.73

8.059 10.67

8.069 10.61

8,080 10.56

8.090 10.50

8.101 10.45

8.111 10.39

8.122 10.34

8.132 10.28

8.142 10.23

8.152 10.18

8.163 10,12

8.173 10.07

8.183 10.02

8.193 9.97

8.203 9.91

8.213 9.86

8.222 9.81

55 331.36

56 337.96

57 344.58

58 351.22

59 357.88

6.591 18.59

6.610 18.49

6.628 18.39

6.646 18.29

6.665 18.19

115 756.93

116 764.48

117 772,04

118 779.62

119 787.21

7.543 13.43

7.556 13.36

7.570 13.28

7.583 13.21

7,596 13,14

175 1231.28

176 1239.52

177 1247,77

178 1256.02

179 1264.29

8.232 9.76

8.242 9.71

8.252 9.66

8.261 9.61

8.271 9.56

60 364.55 6.683 18.09 120 794,81 7.609 13.07 180 1272,56 8,280 9,51

19

Table 2.3.2. Type S thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T E

180

1272.56

181

1 fl ri Q
iZ o U fl tJ D

1 82

1289 • 14

T o -a

XOD

TOO*? /lC,

i OH

185

1314.08

loo

T Q 7
i <3 I

X -> .5 U • f O

188

1 3 3 9 • 1 1

189

1 347 # 47

190

1355«83

J. 7 1

1 3 64 •21

192

1 372 • 60

193

T Q n O O

1 94

1 Q fi O /.A

195

1397.81

i 7 O

1406 9 23

197

14 14 • 66

199

iH J i • 3 t>

200

1440»0l

^ U i

202

1456 •95

203

1465 ♦ 43

20A-

1 47 3 • 9 2

205

1482.42

206

1490 . 93

207

1499 • 44

208

1507.97

209

1516.50

210

1525.04

211

1533.59

212

1542 .14

213

15 50.71

214

15 59.28

215

1567.86

216

1576.45

217

15 8 5.05

218

1593.65

219

16o2 .27

220

1610.89

^ci.

222

1628. 15

223

1636.79

224

1645 .44

225

1654.10

226

1662 . 77

2 27

1671 .44

228

1680. 12

229

1688.81

230

1697.51

231

1706. 2 1

232

1714.92

233

1723.64

234

1732.37

235

1741.10

236

1749.84

237

1758.58

238

1767.34

239

1776.10

240

1784.87

s

dS/dT

nV/°C

8.280

9.51

8.2 9o

9.46

8.299

9.41

8.309

9^36

8.318

9.31

9.26

8.336

9.22

8.346

9.17

8.355

9.12

8.364

9.07

o • 3 f -5

9.03

0 . 3 oz

A OA

8.391

8.94

8.400

8.89

8 • 409

8.84

8^418

8.80

8^426

8.75

8.435

8.71

8.444

8.66

8.452

8.62

8.461

8. 58

Q /. "7 n

8.53

8.478

8.49

8.487

8.45

8.495

8.40

8 . 503

8.36

8.512

8.32

8.520

8.28

8.528

8.23

8.536

8. 19

8.545

8.15

8.553

8.11

8.561

8.07

8.569

8.03

8.577

7.99

8.585

7.95

"7 Q 1

8.601

7.87

8.609

7.83

8 9 616

7, 79

8 . 624

7.75

8 • 632

7.71

8.640

7.67

8.647

7.64

8.655

7.60

8 . 662

7.56

8 » 670

7.52

8.677

7.49

8,685

7.45

8.692

7.41

8 . 700

7.38

8 0 707

7.34

8.714

7.30

8.722

7.27

8.729

7,23

8.736

7.20

8.743

7.16

8.750

7.13

8.758

7.09

8.765

7.06

8.772

7.02

T E

°C ,jM

240 1784.87

241 1793.64

242 1802.42

243 1811.21

244 1820.01

245 1828.81

246 1837.62

247 1846.44

248 1855,26

249 1864.09

250 1872.93

251 1881.77

252 1890.62

253

1899.48

2 54

190 8 « 3h

255

1917^21

256

loot no

257

1934.97

258

1943^86

259

1952*76

260

1961 • 66

A O 1

1 07n 1^7

262

1979.49

263

1988.41

264

265

2006 • 2 7

Zoo

o n 1 c; 0 1

C.\J LD 9 ti i.

267

2024.15

268

2033.11

269

2042 .07

270

2051.03

271

2060 • Ou

272

2068.98

273

2077.96

274

2086 .95

275

o n o c OK

9 T A

9 1 n /i OR
z i u *+ . 7 9

277

2113.95

278

2122.97

279

2131.98

280

2141.01

281

2150.04

282

2159.08

283

2168.12

284

2177.16

285

2186.22

286

2195.28

287

2204.34

288

2213.41

289

2222.49

290

2231.57

291

2240.66

292

2249.75

293

2258.85

294

2267.95

295

2277,06

296

2286.17

297

2295.29

298

2304.42

299

2313.55

300

2322.68

S dS/dT

8.772 7.02

8.779 6.99

8.786 6.95

8.793 6.92

8.799 6.89

8.806 6.85

8.813 6.82

8.820 6.79

8.827 6.76

8.834 6.72

8.840 6.69

8.847 6.66

8.854 6.63

8.860 6.59

8.867 6.56

8,873 6.53

8,880 6.50

8.886 6.47

8.893 6.44

8.899 6.41

8.906 6.38

8.912 6.35

8.918 6.32

8.925 6.29

8.931 6.26

8.937 6.23

8.943 6.20

8.949 6.17

8.956 6.14

8.962 6.11

8.968 6.09

8.974 6.06

8.980 6.03

8.986 6.00

8.992 5.97

8.998 5.95

9.004 5.92

9.010 5.89

9.016 5.86

9.021 5.84

9.027 5.81

9.033 5.78

9.039 5.76

9.045 5.73

9.050 5.71

9.056 5.68

9.062 5.65

9.067 5.63

9.073 5.60

9.079 5.58

9.084 5.55

9.090 5.53

9.095 5.50

9.101 5.48

9.106 5.45

9.112 5.43

9.117 5.41

9.122 5.38

9.128 5.36

9.133 5.33

9.138 5.31

T

E

"C

300

2322 .68

n 1

302

2340.97

303

2350.12

304

9 Q c o rj Q
c. 3i>y • £.0

n c:
-3 U 9

306

9 H 7 7 AT
£.3 1 * • 0 1

307

2386.78

308

2395.96

309

2405.14

310

2414 .33

J ± i

9/, 9 -2 c 9

312

2432.72

313

2441.92

314

2451 .13

315

246 0.34

316

2469 .56

317

2478.78

318

2488.01

319

2497 • 2 5

"5 9 n

7 n A A A
A 9 U 0 .HO

^ £. L

9 c 1 c, 70
A 9 i 9 . I ->

322

2524.97

323

2534.23

324

2 543.48

32 5

2 552.74

326

2562 .01

327

2571.28

328

2580.56

329

2 589.84

330

2599 .12

331

2608.41

332

2617.71

333

2627.01

334

2636.31

335

2645 .62

336

2654 . 93

337

2664.25

338

2673.58

339

AO 0 A . V U

340

2692 .23

-341

9 7 n 1 CL 7

A / U 1 . 9 f

342

2710.91

343

2720.25

344

2729 » 60

345

0 7 -2 Q OA
A / 9 0 . VO

9 7 A A 1
A f H 0 . 9 X

347

2757.68

348

2767.04

349

2776.41

350

2785.79

351

2795 .17

352

2804. 55

353

2813.94

354

2823.33

355

2832.73

356

2842.13

357

2851.54

358

2860.95

359

2870.36

360 2879.78

S dS/dT

9.138

5.31

9 Q

9 . A 7

9 . 149

5 . 26

9 . 154

5 . 24

9.159

9 . A A

9. 165

5.19

9.1 70

5.17

9.175

5.15

Q 1 An

9.19

" . X 0 9

9 • lU

9.190

5.08

7 . 1 V 9

R . n A
9 • u 0

9.200

5.04

Q 9 n A
7 . A u 0

^ n 9

9 . U ^

Q 9 11

nn
9 . UU

9.216

4.97

9.2 20

4.95

Q 0 9 R
7 . A A 9

*+ . 7 9

Q 9 n
7 . A 9 U

4.91

Q 9 a
7 6 A 9 -)

/j AO
H • 0 7

9.240

4.87

9.245

4.85

9.250

4.83

9.255

4.81

9.259

4.79

9.264

4.77

9 « 269

4.75

9 . 274

4.73

9.278

4.71

9.283

4.69

9.288

4.67

9.292

4.65

9.297

4.63

9.302

4.61

9 . 306

4 . 59

9,311

4.58

7 • 9 X -3

/i R A

9.320

4.54

7 . 9 A ->

H . 9 A

Q •3 9 0
7.9^7

4.50

9.334

4.48

9.338

4.47

9.343

/i A R
H . H9

Q 'IA7
7 . 9H /

/i A

7 . 9 9 i

A AT
H . H X

9.356

4,39

9.360

4.38

9.365

4,36

9.369

4.34

9, 373

4.33

9.378

4.31

9.382

4.29

9.386

4.28

9.390

4.26

9.395

4.24

9.399

4.23

9.403

4.21

9.407

4.19

9.411

4.18

9.416

4.16

9.420 4.15

20

Table 2.3.2. Type S thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C- — Continued

J

s

or
\j

fi,y

..SJ/T

11 V / \j

360

2879. 78

9.420

361

2889.20

9.424

362

2898.63

9.428

363

2908.06

9.432

364

2917.49

9.436

365

2926.93

9.440

366

2936.37

9.444

367

2945.82

9.448

368

2955.27

9.452

369

2964. 72

9.456

370

2974. 18

9.460

371

2983.64

9.464

372

2993.1 1

9.468

373

3002.58

9.472

374

3012.05

9.476

375

3021.53

9.480

376

3031.02

9.484

377

3040.50

9.488

378

3049.99

9.492

379

3059.49

9.496

380

3068.98

9.500

381

3078.48

9. 504

382

3087.99

9.507

383

3097.50

9.511

384

3107.01

9.515

385

3116.53

9.519

386

3126.05

9.523

387

3135.57

9. 526

388

3145.10

9.530

389

3154.64

9.534

390

3164.17

9.538

391

3173.71

9.541

392

3183.25

9.545

393

3192.80

9.549

394

3202.35

9.552

395

3211.90

9.556

396

3221.46

9.560

397

3231.02

9.563

398

3240.59

9.567

399

3250. 16

9.571

400

3259.73

9. 574

401

3269.31

9.578

402

3278.89

9. 581

403

3288.47

9.585

404

3298.06

9.588

405

3307.65

9.592

406

3317.24

9.596

407

3326.84

9. 599

408

3336.44

9.603

409

3346.04

9.606

410

3355.65

9.610

411

3365.26

9.613

412

3374.88

9.617

413

3384.49

9.620

414

3394.12

9.623

415

3403.74

9.627

416

3413.37

9.630

417

3423.00

9.634

418

3432.64

9.637

419

3442.28

9.641

420 3451.92 9.644

AS/61 T E

nV/'C^ °C

4.15 420 3451.92

4.13 421 3461.56

4.11 422 3471.21

4.10 423 3480.87

4.08 424 3490.52

4.07 425 3500.18

4.05 426 3509.84

4.04 427 3519.51

4.02 428 3529.18

4.01 429 3538.85

3.99 430 3548.53

3.98 431 3558.21

3.97 432 3567.89

3.95 433 3577.57

3.94 434 3587.26

3.92 435 3596.95

3.91 436 3606.65

3.89 437 3616.35

3.88 438 3626.05

3.87 439 3635.76

3.85 440 3645.46

3.84 441 3655.18

3.83 442 3664.89

3.81 443 3674.61

3.80 444 3684.33

3.79 445 3694.05

3.77 446 3703.78

3.76 447 3713.51

3.75 448 3723.24

3.73 449 3732.98

3.72 450 3742.72

3.71 451 3752.46

3.70 452 3762.21

3.68 453 3771.96

3.67 454 3781.71

3.66 455 3791.47

3.65 456 3801.23

3.64 457 3810.99

3.62 458 3820.75

3.61 459 3830.52

3.60 460 3840.29

3.59 461 3850.07

3.58 462 3859.84

3.57 463 3869.62

3.55 464 3879.41

3.54 465 3889.19

3.53 466 3898.98

3.52 467 3908.78

3.51 468 3918.57

3.50 469 3928.37

3.49 470 3938.17

3.48 471 3947.98

3.47 472 3957.78

3.46 473 3967.59

3.45 474 3977.41

3.44 475 3987.22

3.43 476 3997.04

3.42 477 4006.86

3.41 478 4016.69

3.40 479 4026.52

3.39 480 4036.35

S dS/dT T

ftS/'C nV/'C^ "C

9.644 3.39 480

9.647 3.38 481

9.651 3.37 482

9.654 3.36 483

9.657 3.35 484

9.661 3.34 485

9.664 3.33 486

9.667 3.32 487

9.671 3.31 488

9.674 3.30 489

9.677 3.29 490

9.681 3.28 491

9.684 3.28 492

9.687 3.27 493

9.690 3.26 494

9.694 3.25 495

9.697 3.24 496

9.700 3.23 497

9.703 3.22 498

9.707 3.22 499

9.710 3.21 500

9.713 3.20 501

9.716 3.19 502

9.719 3.18 503

9.723 3.18 504

9.726 3.17 505

9.729 3.16 506

9.732 3.15 507

9.735 3.15 508

9.738 3.14 509

9.742 3.13 510

9.745 3.13 511

9.748 3.12 512

9.751 3.11 513

9.754 3.11 514

9.757 3.10 515

9.760 3.09 516

9.763 3.09 517

9.766 3.08 518

9.769 3.07 519

9.773 3.07 520

9.776 3.06 521

9.779 3.06 522

9.782 3.05 523

9.785 3.04 524

9.788 3.04 525

9.791 3.03 526

9.794 3.03 527

9.797 3.02 528

9.800 3.02 529

9.803 3.01 530

9.806 3.01 531

9.809 3.00 532

9.812 3.00 533

9.815 2.99 534

9.818 2.99 535

9.821 2.98 536

9.824 2.98 537

9.827 2.97 538

9.830 2.97 539

9.833 2.96 540

E

s

dS/dT

U V/ ^

4036.35

9.833

2.96

4046.18

9.836

2.96

4056.02

9.839

2.95

4065.86

9.842

2.95

4075.70

9.845

2 .95

4085 . 55

9. 848

2 .94

4095.40

9.851

2 .94

4105.25

9.853

2.94

4115.11

9.856

2.93

4124.96

9.859

2 .93

4134.83

9.862

2.93

4144.69

9.865

2.92

4154.56

9,868

2.92

4164.43

9.871

2.92

4174.30

9.874

2.91

4184.17

9.877

2.91

4194.05

9.880

2.91

42 03.93

9. 883

2.90

4213.82

9.886

2.90

4223.70

9.888

2.90

4233.59

9.891

2.90

4243.49

9. 894

2.90

4253.38

9. 897

2 . 89

4263.28

9.900

2.89

4273.18

9.903

2.89

4283.09

9.906

2.89

4292.99

9.909

2.89

4302 . 90

9.912

2.88

4312.82

9.914

2.88

4322.73

9.917

2.88

4332.65

9.920

2 .88

4342.57

9.923

2.88

4352.50

9.926

2.88

4362.43

9.929

2 . 88

4372.36

9.932

2.88

4382.29

9.935

2.87

4392.22

9.937

2.87

4402.16

9.940

2.87

4412.11

9.943

2.87

4422.05

9.946

2.87

4432.00

9.949

2.87

4441 .95

9.952

2.87

4451.90

9.955

2.87

4461.86

9.958

2.87

4471.82

9.960

2.87

4481.78

9.963

2.87

4491 .74

9.966

2.87

4501 .71

9. 969

2 .87

4511.68

9.972

2.87

4521.65

9.975

2.88

4531.63

9.978

2.88

4541.61

9.981

2.88

4551.59

9.983

2.88

4561.58

9.986

2.88

4571.57

9.989

2.88

4581.56

9.992

2.88

4591.55

9.995

2.88

4601.55

9.998

2.89

4611.55

10.001

2.89

4621.55

10.004

2.89

4631.55 10.007 2.89

21

Table 2.3.2. Type S thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

s

dS/dT

T

E

s

dS/dT

T

E

s

dS/dT

°C

nV/'C

"C

•c

/iV/°C

540

463 1 » 55

10 . 00 7

2.89

600

5237.30

10.

189

3.27

660

5855 .27

10. 409

3.29

541

4641 . 56

10 .009

2.89

601

5247.49

10'

192

3.28

66 1

5865 . 68

10.413

3.29

542

4651.57

10.012

2.90

602

5257.68

10.

195

3.29

662

5876.10

10.416

3.29

543

4661.59

10.015

2.90

603

5267.88

lO.

199

3.30

663

5886.52

10.419

3.29

544

4671 . 60

10.018

2.90

604

5278.08

lo.

202

3.31

664

5896.94

10.423

3 .29

545

10.021

2.90

605

^ O U . £■ U

lo.

205

3.32

665

5907.36

10.426

3.29

546

4691.64

10.024

2.91

606

5298.49

lo.

208

3.33

666

5917.79

1 0 . 429

3.29

547

4701.67

10.027

2.91

607

5308.70

lo.

212

3.34

667

5928.22

10.433

3.29

548

4711.70

10.030

2.91

608

5318.91

lo.

215

3.36

668

5938.65

10.436

3.29

549

4721.73

10.033

2.92

609

5329.13

lo.

219

3.37

669

5949.09

10 . 439

3 . 29

550

4731 . 76

10.0 36

2.92

610

5339.35

lo.

222

3.38

670

5959.53

10.442

3.29

5 51

4741.80

10.0 39

2.92

611

5349 . 5 7

lo.

225

3.39

671

5969.98

10.446

3.29

552

4751.84

10.041

2.93

612

5359.80

lo.

229

3.41

672

5980.42

10.449

3.29

553

4761.88

10.044

2.93

613

5370.03

lo.

232

3.42

673

5990.87

10.452

3.29

554

4771 . 93

10.047

2.93

614

5380.27

lo.

236

3.43

674

6001.33

10.456

3 .29

555

478 1 . 98

10.050

2 . 94

615

5390, 50

lo.

239

3.45

675

601 1 . 78

10.459

3 . 29

556

4792.03

10.053

2.94

616

5400 . 74

lo.

242

3 .46

676

6022.25

10.462

3.29

557

4802.08

10.056

2.95

617

5410.99

lo.

246

3.47

677

6032.71

10.465

3.29

558

4812.14

10.059

2.95

618

5421.23

iQ.

249

3.49

678

6043.18

10.469

3.29

559

4822.20

10 . 062

2.96

619

543 1 .49

iQ.

253

3.50

679

6053.65

10.472

3.29

560

1 u . U O 9

A 9n
o ^ u

lo.

256

3.52

680

An AA .19

10.475

3.29

561

4842 .33

1 n * n A8

2.96

621

5452 . 00

lo.

260

3.53

681

6(1 74 - AO

10.479

3.29

562

4852.40

10.071

2.97

622

5462.26

lo.

263

3.54

682

6085.08

10.482

3.29

563

4862.47

10.074

2.97

623

5472.53

lo

267

3.56

683

6095.56

10.485

3.29

564

10 • 077

2.98

0^4

lo

271

3.57

684

A 1 n A n 5

10. 488

3.29

R A ^

A Q Q 9 /I O
H O O ^1 . o J

1 0 . 0 o 0

9 oo

O £ 7

lo.

2 74

9.97

685

AT 1 A .

10. 492

3.29

566

4892.71

10.083

2 . 99

626

5 503. 34

lo

278

3.61

686

6127.03

10. 495

3.29

567

4902.79

10.086

3.00

627

5513.62

lo

281

3.62

687

6137.53

10.498

3.29

568

4912.88

10.089

3.00

628

5523.91

lo

285

3.64

688

6148.03

10.502

3.29

569

492 2 .97

10.0 92

3.01

629

5534. 19

lo.

289

3.65

689

6158.53

10. 505

3.29

570

493 3 .06

10 .095

3.01

630

5544.48

lo.

292

3.67

690

6169.04

10. 508

3.29

571

4943. 16

10.098

3.02

631

5554.78

io<

314

3.29

691

6179. 55

10.511

3.29

572

4953.26

10.101

3.03

632

5565.10

lo

.317

3.29

692

6190.06

10.515

3.29

573

4963.36

10. 104

3.03

633

5575.42

lo

.321

3.29

693

6200.58

10.518

3.29

574

4973.47

10. 107

3 . 04

634

5 585. 74

lo

.324

3.29

694

62 11.10

10. 521

3.29

575

498 3 .58

10 .110

- n*^

635

5596 .06

lo

.327

3.29

695

622 1.62

10. 525

3 .29

576

4993 . 69

10. 113

3.05

636

5606 . 39

lo

.330

3.29

696

6232.15

10.528

3.29

577

5003.80

10.116

3.06

637

5616.72

lo

.334

3 .29

697

6242.68

10.531

3.29

578

5013.92

10.119

3.07

638

5627.06

lo

.337

3.29

698

6253.21

10.535

3.29

5 79

5024 • 04

10.122

3.07

639

5637.40

lo

. 340

3 . 29

699

6263 . 74

10. 538

3.29

580

5034. 16

10.125

3.08

640

5647 . 74

lo

.344

3.29

700

6274.28

10. 541

3.29

581

5044 .29

10.128

3.09

641

5ft58 . 09

lo

.347

3.29

701

6284.83

10. 544

3.29

582

5054.42

10.131

3.10

642

5668.^4

lo

.350

3.29

702

6295.37

10.548

3.29

583

5064.55

10.135

3.11

643

5678.79

lo

.3 54

3.29

703

6305.92

10.551

3.29

584

50 74.69

10.138

3.11

644

5689 • 1 4

10

.357

J • c.y

704

AO 1 A . /i.7
o 9 X D . t 1

10. 554

3.29

585

5084.83

10.141

3.12

645

5699 • 50

lo

.360

3 • 2 9

705

632 7.03

10. 558

3.29

566

5094.97

10 . 144

3.13

646

lo

.363

3 • 29

706

6337. 59

10.561

3.29

587

5105.12

10.147

3.14

647

5720.23

lo

. 367

3.29

707

6348.15

10.564

3.29

588

6115.27

10.150

3.15

648

5730.60

lo

,370

3.29

708

6358.72

10.567

3.29

589

512 5.42

i U . 1 J J

J . X o

649

5 740 .97

lo

.373

9 Q

6369.29

1 n - 'i? 1

X U . 9 f X

3.29

590

5135.57

10 • 157

3.17

650

575 1 . 34

lo

.377

3.29

710

6379 . 86

10, 574

3.29

591

5145.73

10.160

3.17

651

5761 .72

lo

.380

3.29

711

6390.43

10.577

3.29

592

5155.89

10. 163

3.18

652

5772.10

lo

.383

3.29

712

6401.01

10.581

3.29

593

5166.06

10.166

3.19

653

5782.49

lo

.386

3.29

713

6411.60

10.584

3.29

594

5176.22

10.169

3.20

654

5792.87

lo

.390

3.29

714

6422. 18

10. 587

3.29

595

5186.40

10. 172

3.21

655

5803.27

lo

.393

3.29

715

6432.77

10.590

3.29

596

5196.57

10.176

3.22

656

5813.66

lo

.396

3.29

716

6443.36

10.594

3.29

597

5206.75

10.179

3.23

657

5824.06

lo

.400

3.29

717

6453.96

10.597

3.29

598

5216.93

10.182

3.24

658

5834.46

lo

.403

3.29

718

6464.56

10.600

3.29

599

5227.11

10.185

3.25

659

5844.86

lo

.406

3.29

719

6475.16

10.604

3.29

600

5237.30

10.189

3.27

660

5855.27

10

.409

3.29

720

6485.76

10.607

3.29

22

Table 2.3.2. Type S thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C— Continued

T

E

•c

itV

720

6485.76

721

6496.37

TOO

ted.

c, n A O Q

D -3 U O • 7 0

723

6517.60

724

6528.22

725

6538,84

726

6549.46

727

O O . 7

728

6570.72

729

6581.36

730

6592.00

731

6602.64

732

6613.28

733

6623,93

734

6634,58

735

6645.24

736

6655,90

737

AAA A » RA

738

6677,22

739

6687,89

740

6698.56

741

6709,23

/ 4*1

67 1 9 • 9 1

743

6730,59

744

6741,28

745

6751,97

746

6762.66

747

6773,35

748

6784.05

749

6794.75

750

6805.45

751

6816.16

752

6826 . 87

753

6837.58

754

6848.30

755

6859.02

756

6869,75

757

6880 . 47

758

6891.20

759

6901.94

760

6912.67

761

6923.41

762

6934. 16

763

6944.90

764

6955.65

765

6966,41

766

6977,16

767

6987, 92

768

6998,69

769

7009,45

770

7020.22

771

7031.00

772

7041.77

773

7052.55

774

7063.34

775

7074. 12

776

7084,91

777

7095.70

778

7106.50

779

7117.30

780 7128.10

S dS/dT

10.607 3,29

10,610 3.29

10.613 3.29

10.617 3.29

10.620 3.29

10.623 3,29

10,627 3.29

10.630 3.29

10.633 3.29

10.637 3.29

10.640 3.29

10,643 3,29

10,646 3.29

10.650 3.29

10,653 3,29

10.656 3.29

10.660 3,29

10.663 3.29

10,666 3.29

10.669 3.29

10.673 3.29

10.676 3.29

10.679 3.29

10.683 3.29

10.686 3.29

10.689 3,29

10.692 3,29

10.696 3,29

10.699 3,29

10,702 3,29

10,706 3,29

10,709 3,29

10,712 3.29

10.716 3,29

10.719 3.29

10.722 3.29

10.725 3.29

10,729 3,29

10,732 3,29

10,735 3.29

10.739 3.29

10.742 3.29

10.745 3.29

10.748 3.29

10.752 3,29

10,755 3,29

10.758 3,29

10,762 3.29

10.765 3.29

10.768 3.29

10.771 3.29

10.775 3.29

10.778 3,29

10,781 3,29

10,785 3.29

10.788 3.29

10,791 3,29

10,794 3.29

10.798 3.29

10,801 3,29

10.804 3,29

T

E

•c

780

7128.10

781

7138.91

78 2

7 149 ,72

783

7160.53

784

7171.35

785

7182.17

786

7192.99

787

7203.81

788

7214,64

789

7225,47

790

7236,31

791

7247,15

792

7257.99

793

7268,84

794

7279,69

795

7290,54

796

7301.39

797

7312.25

798

7323. 11

799

7333.98

800

7344.85

801

7355.72

80 2

70 tit .CO

803

1311. 1*1

804

7388.35

805

7399.24

806

7410.13

807

7421 .02

808

7431.91

809

7442.81

810

7453.71

811

7464,62

812

l^lb ,53

813

7486,44

814

7497,35

815

7508.27

816

7519. 19

0 i f

( 5 JJU • Lc.

818

7541.04

819

7551.98

820

7562.91

821

7573,85

822

7584 . 79

823

7595.73

824

7606.68

825

7617.63

826

7628.58

827

7639.54

828

7650.50

829

7661.47

830

7672.43

831

7683.40

832

7694.38

833

7705.36

834

7716.34

835

7727.32

836

7738.31

837

7749.30

838

7760,29

839

7771,29

840 7782.29

S dS/dT

/iVZ-C nV/'C^

10.804 3.29

10.808 3.29

10.811 3.29

10.814 3.29

I0.8I8 3.29

10.821 3.29

10.824 3.29

10.827 3.29

10.831 3.29

10.834 3.29

10.837 3.29

10.841 3.29

10.844 3.29

10.847 3.29

10.850 3.29

10.854 3.29

10.857 3.29

IO.86O 3,29

10.864 3.29

10.867 3,29

10.870 3.29

10.873 3.29

10.877 3.29

10.880 3.29

10.883 3.29

10.887 3.29

10.890 3.29

10.893 3.29

10.897 3.29

10.900 3.29

10.903 3.29

10.906 3.29

10.910 3.29

10.913 3.29

10.916 3,29

10.920 3,29

10.923 3.29

10.926 3.29

10.929 3.29

10.933 3.29

10.936 3.29

IO.939 3.29

IO.943 3.29

10.946 3.29

10.949 3,29

10.952 3.29

10.956 3.29

IO.959 3.29

10.962 3.29

10.966 3.29

10.969 3.29

10.972 3.29

10.975 3.29

10.979 3.29

10.982 3.29

10.985 3.29

10.989 3.29

10.992 3.29

10.995 3.29

IO.999 3.29

11.002 3.29

T

E

•c

840

7782.29

841

7793,29

842

843

7815,31

844

7826,32

845

7837,34

846

7848,36

847

7859,38

848

7870.41

849

7881,44

850

7892,47

851

7903,51

852

7914,55

853

7925,59

854

7936,64

855

7947.68

856

7958.74

857

7969 . 79

858

7980,85

859

7991.92

860

8002.98

861

8014.05

An 7 R 19

863

8036.20

864

8047.28

865

8058.36

866

8069.45

867

oUoU . 54

868

8091.63

869

8102.72

870

8113.82

871

8124.92

872

8136.03

873

8147.14

874

8158.25

875

8169.37

876

8180,49

877

8191,61

878

8202,73

879

8213.86

880

8224.99

881

8236,13

882

8247 ,27

883

8258.41

884

8269.55

885

8280.70

886

8291.85

887

8303.01

888

8314.17

889

8325.33

890

8336.49

891

8347,66

892

8358,83

893

8370.01

894

8381.18

895

8392.36

896

8403.55

897

8414. 74

898

8425.93

899

8437.12

900 8448.32

s

dS/dT

11.002

3.29

11.005

3.29

11.008

3.29

11.012

3.29

11.015

3.29

11.018

3.29

11.022

3.29

1 1.025

3.29

11.028

3.29

11.031

3.29

11.035

3.29

11.038

3.29

11 . 041

3.29

11.045

3.29

11.048

3.29

11.051

3.29

11.054

3.29

11.058

3.29

11.061

3.29

11,064

3.29

11,068

3.29

11.071

3.29

i 1 • U ' H

3.29

11.077

3.29

11.081

3.29

11,084

3.29

11,087

3.29

11, 091

3.29

11,094

3.29

11.097

3.29

11.101

3.29

11.104

3.29

11.107

3.29

11.110

3.29

11. 114

3.29

11.117

3.29

11.120

3.29

11.1 24

3.29

11.127

3.29

11.130

3.29

11.133

3.29

11.137

3.29

11 1 L.r\
1 1 . 1 HU

^ . A 7

11. 143

3.29

11.147

3.29

11.150

3.29

11. 153

3.29

11. 156

3.29

11.160

3.29

11,163

3.29

11,166

3.29

11,170

3.29

11,173

3.29

11.176

3.29

11.180

3.29

11.183

3.29

11.186

3.29

11.189

3.29

11.193

3.29

11.196

3.29

11.199 3.29

23

Table 2.3.2. Type S thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

IjS

900

8448 . 32

901

8459 . 52

902

8470.72

903

8481.93

904

8493 .14

905

8504. 36

906

8515.57

907

8526.79

908

8538.02

909

8549 .25

910

85 60,48

911

8 571.71

912

8582.95

913

8594. 19

914

a A n S . Zt*^
o o u . H

915

O O i D . D O

916

8627.93

917

8639.18

918

8650.44

919

8661 . 70

92 0

86 72.96

921

8684. 23

922

8695.50

923

8706.77

92A

8718.05

925

8729.33

926

8740 « 6 1

927

8751.90

928

8763,19

929

8774.48

93 0

ft 7R S - 78

931

8797,08

932

8808.38

933

8819,69

934

88^1 nn

o ^ -J J. . U U

93 5

8 842,31

936

88 5 3,63

937

8864,94

938

8876.27

7 7

888 7 • 59

940

R A Q fl Q 9

941

8910 •25

942

8921,59

943

8932,93

944

8944 ,27

y M- z?

89 5 5 • 6 2

946

O 7 O D • " (

947

8978.32

948

8989.67

O A O

o o n 1 n "3

V :d U

951

9023 . 76

952

9035.13

953

9046,50

954

9U57.88

955

9069.26

956

9080,64

957

9092,02

958

9103.41

959

9114,80

960 9126.20

S dS/dT

^VZ-'C nV/oC^

11.199 3.29

11.203 3.29

11.206 3.29

11.209 3.29

11.212 3.29

11.216 3.29

11,219 3.29

11,222 3.29

11,226 3,29

11.229 3.29

11,232 3,29

11,235 3.29

11.239 3.29

11.242 3.29

11.245 3.29

11.249 3.29

11.252 3.29

11.255 3.29

11.258 3.29

11.262 3.29

11.265 3.29

11.268 3.29

11.272 3,29

11.275 3.29

11.278 3,29

11,282 3,29

11,285 3,29

11,288 3,29

11.291 3,29

11,295 3.29

11.298 3.29

11.301 3.29

11.305 3,29

11,308 3,29

11,311 3,29

11,314 3,29

11,318 3,29

11,321 3,29

11.324 3.29

11.328 3.29

11.331 3.29

11.334 3.29

11.337 3.29

11.341 3.29

11.344 3.29

11.347 3.29

11.351 3.29

11.354 3.29

11.357 3.29

11,361 3,29

11,364 3,29

11.367 3,29

11,370 3.29

11.374 3.29

11.377 3.29

11.380 3.29

11.384 3.29

11.387 3.29

11.390 3.29

11.393 3.29

11.397 3,29

T

E

on
\^

960

9126.20

961

9137.60

962

9149.00

963

9160.40

964

9171.81

965

9183.22

966

9194.64

967

9206.06

968

9217.48

969

9228.90

970

9240 ,33

971

9251 .76

972

9263.20

973

9274,63

974

9286 ,07

975

9297.52

976

9308.97

977

9320.42

978

9331.87

979

9343 .33

980

9354 . 79

98 1

9366 .25

982

9377.72

983

9389. 19

984

9400 ,67

985

9412, 14

986

9423,62

987

9435.11

988

9446.60

989

945 8 ,09

990

9469 .58

991

948 1 . 08

992

9492.58

993

9504.08

994

9515.59

995

9527. 10

996

953 8 .61

997

9550.13

998

9561.65

7 7 7

7 D 1 D • i. 1

1000

QKQ /, 7 n
7 U tSH- • I U

1001

9596 • 23

1002

9607.76

1003

9619.30

1 004

7 0 .3 U • 0 *+

100 5

7 D t ^ • DO

1006

9653 .93

1007

9665.48

1008

9677.03

1009

0 A 0 Q CO

1 U X u

7 f U u . J-

1011

9711.71

1012

9723 . 28

1013

9734.85

1014

9746.42

1015

9757.99

1016

9769.57

1017

9781.16

1018

9792.74

1019

9804.33

1020 9815.92

S dS/dT

/xV/»C nV/'C^

11.397 3.29

11.400 3.29

11.403 3.29

11.407 3.29

11,410 3.29

11.413 3.29

11.416 3.29

11.420 3.29

11.423 3,29

11.426 3.29

11.430 3.29

11.433 3.29

11.436 3.29

11.439 3,29

11.443 3.29

11.446 3.29

11,449 3,29

11,453 3,29

11.456 3.29

11.459 3.29

11.463 3.29

11.466 3.29

11.469 3.29

11.472 3.29

11.476 3.29

11.479 3.29

11.482 3.29

11.486 3.29

11.489 3.29

11.492 3.29

11.495 3.29

11.499 3,29

11.502 3.29

11.505 3.29

11,509 3,29

11,512 3.29

11.515 3.29

11.518 3.29

11.522 3.29

11.525 3.29

11.528 3.29

11.532 3.29

11.535 3.29

11.538 3.29

11.541 3.29

11.545 3.29

11.548 3.29

11.551 3.29

11.555 3.29

11.558 3,29

11,561 3,29

11,565 3,29

11.568 3.29

11.571 3.29

11.574 3.29

11,578 3,29

11,581 3,29

11,584 3.29

11.588 3.29

11.591 3.29

11.594 3.29

T

E

on

1020

98 15.92

1021

982 7.52

1022

9839.12

1023

9850.72

1024

9862 .33

1025

9873 . 94

1026

9885.55

1027

9897.16

1028

9908.78

1029

~ 7 A v , H

1030

9932 ,03

1 0 ^ 1

9943 , 66

1032

9955.29

1033

9966.93

1034

9978.56

1035

9990 . 2 1

1036

1 000 1,85

1037

10013,50

1038

10025,15

1039

10036, 81

1040

10048 ,47

1041

10060 , 1 3

1042

10071,79

1043

10083,46

1044

10095 .13

1045

10106.81

1046

10118.48

1047

10130.17

1048

10141,85

1049

10153,54

1050

10165,23

1051

i- \J L fU,7A

1052

10188,62

1053

10200,32

T A 9 T 0 n
i-K) ^ L c. *\j ->

10223.73

1 n R A

1057

10247,16

1058

10258,88

1 U 7 7

IO6O

102 82.32

1061

1062

10305.78

1063

10317,51

1064

106 5

l0340 . 99

1066

1067

10364,48

1068

10376,23

1069

1 A Q Q "7 Q Q

1 070

1 n QQ . 7^.

10 71

1 HA 1 1 /lQ
J-UHl 1 .*+7

1072

10423,25

1073

10435,01

1074

10446,78

1075

10458,55

1076

10470,32

1077

10482 ,09

1078

10493,86

1079

10505,64

1080

10517,42

s

dS/dT

nV/*C*

11, 594

3.29

11,597

3.29

11.601

3.29

11.604

3.29

1 1 An7

J . t 7

11.611

D • c.y

11. 614

3.29

11.617

3.29

11.620

3.29

11.624

3 • 29

11. OA 1

9Q

11 A Q n

D • £.y

11.634

3.29

11.637

3.29

90
D • C.J

i i • 0*+*+

90

11. 647

3.29

11.650

3.29

11.653

3.29

11.657

3.29

1 1 • 660

3 • 29

1 1 .663

3.29

11.667

3.29

11.670

3.29

11. 673

3.29

11. 676

3.29

11.680

3.29

11,683

3.29

11.686

3.29

11. 690

3 • 29

11.693

9Q

11. 696

» 9 0

11.699

3.29

11.703

3.29

11.706

3.29

11. 709

3.29

11.713

3.29

11.716

3.29

11.719

3.29

11.722

3.29

11 7 9 A

3.29

11 7 0

9C)

11.732

3.29

11.736

3.29

1 1 700

■a 90

11. 742

9 7 9

11 7/.
J. i . f HP

9 71

11.747

2.70

11.750

2,69

11.753

2.68

11 Tc; A

0 A "7

A . 0 r

11. 758

2 . 66

1 1 # 76 1

2,65

11.763

2.64

11.766

2.63

11.769

2.62

11.771

2.61

11.774

2.61

11.776

2.60

11.779

2,59

11,782 2.58

24

Table 2.3.2. Type S thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

t.

•c

1080

10517«42

1081

10529.20

1082

10540.99

1083

10552.78

1 084

10564. 57

10 8 5

l0576.36

1086

10588. 16

1087

10599.96

1088

10611.76

1089

10623.56

1090

l0635 . 37

1091

10647.17

1092

10658.98

1093

10670 .80

1094

10682.61

1095

10694,43

1096

10706.25

1097

10718.07

1098

10729. 90

1099

10741.73

linn

1 n 7 ^ R A

1101

10765.39

1102

10777.22

110 3

1 1 n /i

1 r» A n n on

110 5

10812.74

1106

10824.59

1107

10836.43

1 1 n fl
i i u o

1109

i J. i u

1 nft7T -QQ

1111

10883.84

1112

10895.70

1113

1114

10919.42

1115

10931.29

1116

10943.16

1117

10955.03

1118

10966 . 90

1119

10978.77

1120

10990.65

1121

11002.53

1122

11014.41

1123

11026,29

1124

11038, 17

112 5

1 1 n5n - Afi

-L xw-'^ m \J '-J

1126

11061,95

1127

11073,84

1128

1 inftR.7'^

1129

i 1 U 7 t , o J

1130

1 1 1 n Q c; "a

1131

11121.43

1132

11133.33

1 133

11145.23

1134

11157.14

1135

11169.05

1136

11180.96

1137

11192.87

1138

11204.78

1139

11216.70

1140

11228.62

c

Go/Q 1

nv/ o

11,782

2.58

11.784

2.57

11.787

2.56

11.789

2.55

11. 792

2.54

11, 794

2,53

11,797

2,52

11 ,799

2,51

11,802

2,50

11,804

2 , 49

11 ,807

2,48

11.809

2,47

11.812

2 ,46

11.814

2,45

11.817

2,44

11.819

2,44

11.822

2,43

11.824

2,42

11 . 826

2.41

11.829

2.40

11.831

2.39

11.834

2.38

11.836

2.37

11.838

2.36

11.841

11. 843

2.34

11.845

2.33

11.848

2.32

11.850

? "^1

11 Q R 7

1 1 . tj 3? ^

9 "an

11.855

2,29

11.857

2.28

11.859

2.27

11.862

2.27

11.864

2,26

11.866

2,25

11.868

2,24

11.871

2,23

11.873

2,22

11.875

2,21

1 1 .877

2,20

11.879

2,19

11.882

2,18

11. 884

2,17

11.886

2,16

11.888

2,15

11.890

2. 14

11.892

2.13

11.894

2.12

11.897

2.11

11.899

7 11

11 Q n 1

£1 . i 0

11.903

2.09

11.905

2.08

11.907

2.07

11.909

2.06

11.911

2.05

11.913

2.04

11.915

2.03

11.917

2.02

11.919 2.01

1

c

c.

1 140

11228.62

1141

11240.54

1142

11252,46

1143

1 1 264 ,38

1 144

11276.31

1145

11288.24

1146

11300. 17

1147

11312.10

1 148

11324.04

1149

11335.97

1 150

11347.91

1151

11359.85

1152

11371.79

1153

11383. 73

1154

11395.68

1155

1 1407. 63

1156

11419.58

1157

11431 .53

1158

1 1443 .48

1159

11455.44

1 160

1 1467. 39

1161

11479.35

1162

11491.31

1163

1 1503.27

1 164

11515.24

1 1 A

1166

11539.17

1167

11551.14

1168

11563.11

1169

11575«08

1 170

1171

11599.03

1172

11611.01

1173

11622.99

1174

1 1634.97

1175

1 1 646 .96

1176

11658.94

1177

11670.93

1178

11682.91

1179

11694.90

1180

11706,90

1181

11718,89

1182

11730.88

1183

11742.88

1184

11754.88

1185

11766.88

1186

11778.88

1187

11790.88

118 8

1189

11814.89

1190

1191

1 1 ft^ft . Q 1

1192

11850.92

1193

11862.93

1194

11874.94

1195

11886.96

1196

11898.97

1197

11910.99

1198

11923.01

1199

11935.03

1200 11947.05

S dS/dT

11.919

2.01

11 .921

2 .00

11.923

1 .99

11.925

1 .98

11.927

1 .97

11.929

1.96

11.931

1.95

11.933

1.94

11.935

1.94

11.937

1,93

11.939

1.92

11 .941

1.91

11.943

1.90

11.945

1.89

11.946

1.88

11.948

1.87

11.950

1.86

11.952

1.85

11.954

1.84

11.956

1 .83

11.958

1.82

11.959

1.81

11.961

1.80

11.963

1 .79

11.965

1.78

11.967

1.77

11.968

1 .77

11.970

1 .76

11.972

1.75

11.974

1.74

11.975

1.73

11.977

1.72

11.979

1.71

11.980

1 .70

11.982

1 .69

11.984

1 .68

11.986

1.67

11.987

1 .66

11.989

1.65

11 .990

1 .64

11.992

1.63

11. 994

1.62

11.995

1.61

11.997

1.61

11.999

1 .60

12.000

1 .59

12 . 002

1.58

12.003

1.57

12.005

1 .56

12 .006

1.55

12.008

1.54

12.010

1.53

12.011

1.52

12.013

1.51

12.014

1.50

12.016

1 .49

12.017

1.46

12.019

1.47

12.020

1 .46

12.021

1.45

12.023

1 .44

T

c
t.

1200

11947.05

1201

11959,08

1202

11971,10

1203

11983,13

1204

1 1995 , 16

1205

12007, 19

1206

12019,22

1207

12031 ,25

1208

12043,2 8

1209

12055,32

1210

12067,35

1211

12079.39

1212

12091.43

1213

12103.47

1214

12115.51

1215

12127.55

1216

12139.60

1217

12151.64

1218

12163.69

1219

12175 . 74

1220

12187.79

1221

12199.84

1222

12211.89

1223

12223 . 94

1224

12236.00

1 9 c:

1226

12260.11

1227

12272.17

1228

12296.29

1230

12308 , 35

1231

12320.41

1232

12332.47

1233

12344. 54

1234

12356.61

1235

12368.67

1236

12380.74

1237

12392.81

1238

12404.88

1239

12416.95

1240

12429.02

1241

12441 ,10

1242

12453,17

1243

12465 ,25

1244

12477,33

1245

12489.40

1246

12501.48

1247

12513,56

1248

12525 ,64

1249

12537.73

1250

12549.81

12 51

12561.89

1252

12573.98

1253

12586.06

1254

12598,15

1255

12610.24

1256

12622.33

1257

12634,41

1258

12646,51

1259

12658,60

1260 12670.69

c

o

AC / AT

/i.V/°C

nV/°C^

12.02 3

1 .44

12.024

1 .44

12.026

1.43

12.027

1.42

12.029

1.41

12.030

1 , 40

12.031

1 .39

12.033

1 ,38

12.034

1.37

12.036

1,36

12.037

1,35

12.038

1 ,34

12.040

1 ,33

12.041

1.32

12.042

1.31

1 2 .044

1.30

12.045

1.29

12.046

1 .28

12.047

1.27

12. 049

1 .27

12.050

1.26

12.051

1.25

12.052

1 .24

12.054

1.23

12. 055

1.22

19 n A

1 O 1

12.057

1 .20

12.058

1.19

12.060

1.18

12 . 06 1

1.17

12.062

1.16

12.063

1.15

12.064

1 .14

12.065

1.13

12.067

1.12

12.068

1.11

12.069

1.11

12.070

1.10

12.071

1 .09

12.072

1.08

12.073

1.07

12.074

1.06

12.075

1.05

1 2 . 076

1.04

12.077

1,03

12.078

1,02

12.079

1.01

12.080

1 .00

12.081

0 . 99

12.082

0.98

12,083

n • 97

12.084

0.96

12.085

0.95

12.086

0.94

12.087

0.94

12.088

0.93

12.089

0.92

12.090

0.91

12.091

0.90

12.092

0.89

12.093 0.88

25

Table 2.3.2. Type S thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

"C

12 60

XC.O / U • O V

1261

1 T A O 9 "7 Q
1aDOa» ( O

1262

12694.88

1263

12706.97

12 64

12719.07

i b ->

1 9 7 1 T A
1 Z / .5 i . X O

126 6

12 743 .26

1267

12755.36

1268

12767.46

12 69

12779.56

1270

i. c. 1 "l.DO

12 71

12 72

12815.86

1273

12827.96

1274

12840.07

1275

12852.17

1276

12864.28

1277

12876.38

1278

12888.49

1279

12900.60

S dS/dT

12.093 0.88

12.093 0.87

12.094 0.86

12.095 0.85

12.096 0.84

12.097 0.83

12.098 0.82

12.099 0.81

12.099 0.80

12.100 0.79

12.101 0.78

12.102 0.78

12.102 0.77

12.103 0.76

12.104 0.75

12.105 0.74

12.105 0.73

12.106 0.72

12.107 0.71

12.108 0.70

T E

1320 13397.49

1321 13409.62

1322 13421.75

1323 13433.87

1324 13446.00

1325 13458.13

1326 13470.26

1327 13482.39

1328 13494.52

1329 13506.66

1330 13518.79

1331 13530.92

1332 13543.05

1333 13555.18

1334 13567.31

1335 13579.44

1336 13591.58

1337 13603.71

1338 13615.84

1339 13627.97

S dS/dT

12.128 0.31

12.129 0.30
12.129 0.29

12.129 0.28

12.130 0.28

12.130 0.27

12.130 0.26

12.130 0.25

12.131 0.24
12.131 0.23

12.131 0.22

12.131 0.21

12.131 0.20

12.132 0.19
12.132 0.18

12.132 0.17

12.132 0.16

12.132 0.15

12.132 0.14

12.133 0.13

T E

1380 14125.41

1381 14137.54

1382 14149.67

1383 14161.80

1384 14173.93

1385 14186.06

1386 14198.19

1387 14210.32

1388 14222.45

1389 14234.57

1390 14246.70

1391 14258.83

1392 14270.96

1393 14283.08

1394 14295.21

1395 14307.33

1396 14319.46

1397 14331.58

1398 14343.71

1399 14355.83

S dS/dT

12.130 -0.25

12.130 -0.26

12.130 -0.27

12.129 -0.28

12.129 -0.29

12.129 -0.30

12.128 -0.31

12,128 -0.32

12.128 -0.33

12.127 -0.34

12.127 -0.35

12.127 -0.36

12.126 -0.37

12.126 -0.38

12.126 -0.39

12.125 -0.39

12.125 -0.40

12.124 -0.41

12.124 -0.42

12.124 -0.43

1280

12912.70

12 81

12924.81

1 9 R 9
i Z 0 Z

1 9 Q -a A no

i. C.O S)

1 9 Q A Q n

12 8 4

12961 . 14

1285

12973.25

12 8 6

1 9 O Q CL 1 ~7

129b!?. 3 /

12 8 7

1 9 O O "7 /. D

12 8 8

1 "a n ri Q t: o

12 89

13021.71

1290

13033.82

12 91

1292

13058.05

1293

13070.17

1294

13082.28

1295

13094.40

1296

13106.52

1297

13118.64

1298

13130. 76

1299

13142.88

1300

13155.00

1301

13167.12

1302

13179.24

1303

13191.36

1304

13203.48

1305

13215.60

1306

13227.73

1307

13239.85

1308

13251.97

1309

13264. 10

1310

13276.22

1311

13288.35

1312

13300.47

1313

13312.60

1314

13324.72

1315

13336.85

1316

13348.98

1317

13361. 10

1318

13373.23

1319

13385.36

1320

13397.49

12.108 0.69

12.109 0.68

12.110 0.67

12.110 0.66

12.111 0.65

12.112

0,64

12.112

0,63

12.113

0,62

12.114

0,61

12.114

0.61

12.115

0.60

12.115

0.59

12.116

0.58

12.116

0.57

12.117

0.56

12.118

0.55

12.118

0.54

12.119

0.53

12.119

0.52

12.120

0.51

12.120

0.50

12.121

0.49

12.121

0,48

12.122

0.47

12.122

0.46

12.123

0.45

12. 123

0.44

12.124

0.44

12.124

0.43

12.124

0.42

12. 125

0.41

12.125

0.40

12.126

0.39

12.126

0.38

12. 126

0.37

12,127

0.36

12. 127

0.35

12,127

0.34

12, 128

0.33

12,128

0.32

12,128

0.31

1340

13640.11

1341

1 ^ /i A

1345

13700.77

1346

1 o "7 T o on
13 (12. VU

1 A "7

1 A Q

1349

1 Q "7 A O on

1350

13761.44

1351

13773.57

1352

13785.71

1353

13797.84

1354

13809.97

1355

13822.11

1356

13834.24

1357

13846.37

1358

13858.51

1359

13870.64

1360

13882.77

1361

13894.91

1362

13907.04

1363

13919.17

1364

13931.31

1365

13943.44

1366

13955.57

1367

13967.70

1368

13979.84

1369

13991.97

1370

14004. 10

1371

14016.23

1372

14028.37

1373

14040.50

1374

14052.63

1375

14064.76

1376

14076.89

1377

14089.02

1378

14101.15

1379

14113.28

1380 14125.41

12.133

0.12

12.133

0.11

12. 133

0.11

12. 133

0.10

12 . 13 3

0 . 0 9

12.133

0.08

■I ^ » J. D

12.133

0 • 06

19 1 'T.O.
J- il • i D D

KJ •VD

12.133

0.04

12.134

0.03

-1- Z . L

0.02

12.134

o.oi

12.134

0.00

12.134

-0.01

12.134

-0.02

12.134

-0.03

12. 133

-0.04

12.133

-0.05

12. 133

-0.06

12.133

-0.06

12.133

-0.07

12. 133

-0.08

12.133

-0.09

12.133

-0.10

12.133

-0.11

12.133

-0.12

12. 133

-0.13

12. 133

-0.14

12 .132

-0.15

12.132

-0.16

12. 132

-0.17

12. 132

-0.18

12.132

-0.19

12.132

-0.20

12.131

-0.21

12.131

-0.22

12.131

-0.22

12.131

-0.23

12. 130

-0.24

12.130

-0.25

1400 14367.95

1401 14380.08

1402 14392.20

1403 14404.32

1404 14416.44

1405 14428.56

1406 14440.69

1407 14452.81

1408 14464.92

1409 14477.04

1410 14489.16

1411 14501.28

1412 14513.40

1413 14525.52

1414 14537.63

1415 14549,75

1416 14561.86

1417 14573.98

1418 14586.09

1419 14598.20

1420 14610.32

1421 14622.43

1422 14634.54

1423 14646.65

1424 14658.76

1425 14670.87

1426 14682.98

1427 14695.09

1428 14707.20

1429 14719.30

1430 14731.41

1431 14743,51

1432 14755,62

1433 14767,72

1434 14779,83

1435 14791,93

1436 14804,03

1437 14816,13

1438 14828,23

1439 14840,33

1440 14852,43

12.123 -0,44

12.123 -0.45

12.122 -0.46

12.122 -0,47

12,121 -0,48

12.121 -0,49

12.120 -0,50

12.120 -0.51

12.119 -0.52

12.119 -0,53

12,118 -0,54

12.118 -0.55

12.117 -0.56

12.117 -0.56

12.116 -0.57

12.116 -0.58

12.115 -0.59

12.114 -0.60

12.114 -0.61

12.113 -0.62

12.112 -0.63

12.112 -0.64

12.111 -0.65

12.111 -0,66

12,110 -0,67

12,109 -0,68

12,109 -0,69

12,108 -0,70

12,107 -0.71

12.106 -0.72

12.106 -0.72

12.105 -0.73

12.104 -0.74

12.103 -0.75

12,103 -0,76

12.102 -0,77

12,101 -0,78

12,100 -0.79

12.100 -0.80

12,099 -0.81

12.098 -0.82

26

Table 2.3.2. Type S thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

op

±H-0 ^ ^ * H ^

1 1

1442

14876.62

1443

14888.72

1444

14900 .81

1445

149 12.91

1446

1447

14937.09

1448

14949. 19

1 449

145 0

14973 ,37

J. H _) i

1 A Q Q c; AC

1452

14997.54

1453

15009.63

1454

15021.72

1 H- -J

1457

15057.97

1458

15070.05

1 o

1 460

1 46 1

1462

15118.37

1463

15130.45

1 464

15142.52

146 5

15 154.60

1466

XU-tOO.O /

1467

15178.74

1468

15190.82

1469

1 fi? nP . fl9

J.-^t.*Jc..tJ7

1470

1 52 1 4» 96

1471

15227.03

1472

15239.09

1473

15251.16

1474

15263.2 2

1 47 5

15275.29

1476

15287.3^

1477

15299.41

1478

15311.47

1479

15323.53

148 0

1481

1482

15359.70

1483

15371.76

X HO H

148 5

1 O R OA

1 486

15407 .92

1487

15419.97

1488

15432.01

1489

1490

15456.11

1491

15468.15

1492

15480. 19

1493

15492.24

1494

15504.28

1495

15516.32

1496

15528.35

1497 15540.39

1498 15552.43

1499 15564.46

1500 15576.49

S dS/dT

/iV/oC nV/°C^

12.098 -0.82

12.097 -0.83

12.096 -0.84

12.095 -0.85

12.095 -0.86

12.094 -0.87

12.093 -0.88

12.092 -0.89

12.091 -0.89

12.090 -0.90

12.089 -0.91

12.088 -0.92

12.087 -0.93

12.087

-0.94

19 n ft A
1 A . U O O

— U . V 5

12.085

— 0 .96

1 2 .084

-0.97

12.083

-0.98

12.082

-0.99

12.081

— 1.00

12.080

-1.01

12 . 079

-1.02

12.078

-1.03

12.077

-1.04

1 9 n7A

_ 1 A R
~ i . U J

19 n 7 R

— T HA

i . (Jo

12.073

— 1.06

12.072

-1.07

12.071

-1.08

no A 7 n
1 ^1 . U ' u

— 1 AO

12.069

-1.10

12 . 068

-1.11

12.067

-1.12

12.066

-1.13

12.065

-1.14

12.064

-1.15

12.062

-1.16

12.061

-1.17

12.060

-1.18

12.059

-1.19

12.058

-1.20

12.056

-1.21

12.055

-1.22

12.054

-1.22

12.053

-1.23

12.052

-1.24

12.050

-1.25

12 .049

-1.26

12.048

-1.27

12.047

-1.28

12.045

-1.29

12.044

-1.30

12.043

-1.31

12.041

-1.32

12.040

-1.33

12.039

-1.34

12.037

-1.35

12.036

-1.36

12.035

-1.37

12.033

-1.38

12.032 -1.39

T

E

/aV

1 500

1 5 576 . 49

1501

15588.52

1502

15600.55

1503

15612.58

1504

15624.61

1505

^ RA-aA.A'^

1 506

X JD'+O .OO

1507

15660.68

1508

15672.70

1 509

1 ^ A ft/i - 77

1510

1 S AQA * 74

1511

1 R 70 ft - 7A
fUO. ID

1512

15720.77

1513

15732.79

1514

15744. 80

1515

1 ^7'SA.ftl

1516

1 "7 A d P 9

1517

15780.83

1518

15792.83

i 3 1 V

1 c% R n A PA

1 o n

1 -> U

1 c: P 1 A Q /i

1^91
i -> A i

1 P 9 P Q A

1522

15840.84

1523

15852.84

15 24

15 25

15 876 .83

1526

1 Rflftft-ft"^

19000.0J

1527

15900.82

1528

15912.81

1529

15924.80

1530

15936 . 78

1531

1 5948 . 77

1532

15960.75

1533

15972.73

1 534

15984 .71

1535

1536

1 A n A Q £.7

1537

16020.64

1538

16032.62

1 5 39

1540

1 AOR A R A

J. J *+ 1

1 An Aft R

1542

16080.49

1543

16092.46

1 544

1 A 1 OZl 7

101lJ*+.H-A

16116. 3o

1546

16128.34

1547

16140.30

1548

16152.25

1 c; /i O

i U *+ 7

1 A 1 A A 9 1

1 c, c n

161 76 .16

i -J P 1

1 A 1 P P 11

1552

16200.06

1553

16212.00

1554

16223.95

1555

16235.89

1556

16247.83

1557

16259.77

1558

16271.70

1559 16283.64

1560 16295.57

S dS/d-

12.032
12.030
12.029
12.028
12.026

-1.39
-1.39
-1.40
-1.41
-1.42

12.025
12.023
12.022
12.020
12.019

-1.43
-1.44
-1.45
-1.46
-1.47

12.018
12.016
12.015
12.013
12.012

-1.48
-1.49
-1.50
-1.51
-1.52

12.010
12.008
12.007
12.005
12.004

-1.53
-1.54
-1.55
-1.56
-1.56

12.002
12.001
11.999
11.997
11.996

-1.57
-1.58
-1.59
-1 .60
-1.61

11.994
11.993
11.991
11.989
11.988

-1.62
-1 .63
-1.64
-1.65
-1.66

11.986
11.984
11.983
11.981
11.979

-1.67
-1 .68
-1.69
-1.70
-1.71

11.978
11.976
11 .974
11.972
11.971

-1.72
-1.72
-1 .73
-1.74
-1.75

11.969
11.967
11 .965
11.964
11.962

-1.76
-1.77
-1.78
-1.79
-1.80

11.960
11.958
11.956
11.954
11.953

-1.81
-1 .82
-1.83
-1 .84
-1.85

11.951
11.949
11.947
11.945
11.943

-1.86
-1.87
-1 .88
— 1.89
-1.89

11.941
11.939
11.938
11.936
11.934

-1.90
-1.91
-1.92
-1.93
-1 .94

11.932

-1.95

T

E

1560

1 A 9 O C, C "7
iOAV9.? I

1561

1 A O r\ 7 A ("I

1562

16319.43

1563

16331.36

1564

1 A "3 /i a 9 R

1565

16355.21

1 RAA

1 A'^l A 7 1

1567

16379.04

1568

16390.96

1 ^AQ

1 AZifl 9 ft ft

1 f U

1 AA 1 a. 7Q

i -> ( J.

1 A /i 9 A 7 n

1572

16438.61

1573

16450.52

l.\3 t ^

1 A A A 9 A 9

1575

16474 .32

1576

1 6486 • 2 2

1577

16498.12

1578

16510.02

1 "70

1 A A 9 1 O 1

1 Q n

I -> o U

1581

16545.69

1582

16557,58

1583

16569.47

1 5 84

16581.35

158 5

16593.23

1 ft A

1 -/ O O

1 A A n R 11

1587

16616.99

1588

16628.86

1589

16640 • 73

1 R on

1 IJ V u

1 A A c. 9 An

IRQ!
1 D 7 1

1 A A A /i A 7

1592

16676.34

1593

16688.20

1 594

1 A 7 A A A A

1595

16711.92

1596

16723.78

1597

16735.63

1598

16747.48

1 599

1 A "7 c; o "X-^
lO 1 * D i

1600

1 A7 7 1 1ft
iOf fl.iO

160 1

1 A7 Q 11 A 9

1602

16794.87

1603

16806.71

1604

16818.55

1605

1 A O 1 /A O O

1606

16842 .21

1607

16854.04

1608

16865.87

1609

16877.70

1610

1 A Q Q O Ci 9

1611

1 oVO 1 • 34

1612

16913.16

1613

16924.98

1 A 1 /.
1 O 1

1 AQ'^ A 7Q

1615

16948.60

1616

16960.41

1617

16972.22

1618

16984.02

1619

16995.83

1620

17007.62

S dS/d"

11.932

-1.95

11.930

-1 .96

11.928

-1 . 97

11.926

— 1.98

11.924

— 1 . 99

11.922

-2.00

11.920

9 A 1
— A .01

11.918

-2 .02

11.916

—2 .03

11. 914

-2 . 04

11.912

-2.05

11.910

— 2 .06

1 1 .908

-2 .06

11.906

— 2 .07

11. 904

-2.08

11.901

-2.09

11. 899

-2.10

11.897

-2.11

11. B95

-2.12

11.893

-2.13

11.891

-2.14

11.889

— 2.15

11 ft ft 7

— 9 T A

— A . 1 0

11.884

9 1 "7
— A •LI

11.882

— 9 IP

11.880

-2.19

11.878

— 2.20

11.876

— 2.21

11.873

— 9 99

~ c. . AA

11.871

— 9 77

— A . A A

11.869

-2.23

11. 867

— 2 • 24

11. 864

— 2 .25

11.862

-2.26

11. 860

— 2.27

11.858

-2.28

11.855

-2.29

11.853

-2.30

11.851

-2.31

11. 848

-2.32

11,846

-2.33

11. 844

-2 . 34

11.841

-2.35

11.839

-2 . 36

11.837

-2 .37

11.834

-2.38

11.832

-2 .39

11.830

-2.39

11.827

-2 .40

11.825

-2 .41

11.822

-2.42

11.820

-2.43

11.818

-2 .44

11.815

-2.45

11.813

-2.46

11.810

-2.47

11.808

-2.48

11.805

-2.49

11.803

-2.50

11.800

-2.51

11.798 -2.52

27

Table 2.3.2. Type S thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seeheck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

•c

1620

1 7007 • 62

1621

17019.42

1622

17031.21

1623

17043.01

1624

17054.79

1625

17066.56

1626

17078.36

162 7

17090. 15

1628

17101.92

1629

17113.70

1630

17125.47

1631

17137.24

1632

17149.01

1633

17160.78

1634

17172.54

1635

17184.30

1636

17196.06

1637

17207.81

1638

17219.57

1639

17231.32

1640

17243.06

1641

17254.81

1642

17266.55

1643

17278.29

1644

17290.02

1645

17301.76

1646

17313.49

1647

17325,21

1648

17336.94

1649

17348.66

1650

17360. 38

1651

1 7372 . 10

1652

17383.81

1653

17395.52

1654

17407.23

165 5

1 741 8 . 93

1656

17430.64

1657

17442.34

1658

17454.03

1659

17465.73

1660

17477.42

1661

17489.11

1662

17500.79

1663

17512.47

1664

17524. 15

1665

17535.83

1666

17547.50

1667

17559. 17

1668

17570.84

1669

17582. 50

1670

17594.16

1671 17605.82

1672 17617.47

1673 17629.12

1674 17640.77

1675 17652.41

1676 17664.04

1677 17675.68

1678 17687.30

1679 17698.93

1680 17710.54

S dS/dT

11.798 -2.52

11.795 -2.53

11.793 -2.54

11.790 -2.55

11.788 -2.56

11.785 -2.56

11.782 -2.57

11.780 -2.58

11.777 -2.59

11.775 -2.60

11.772 -2.61

11.769 -2.62

11.767 -2.63

11.764 -2.64

11.762 -2.65

11.759 -2.66

11.756 -2.67

11.754 -2.68

11.751 -2.69

11.748 -2.70

11.745 -2.71

11.743 -2.72

11.740 -2.72

11.737 -2.73

11.735 -2.74

11.732 -2.75

11.729 -2.76

11.726 -2.77

11.724 -2.78

11.721 -2.79

11.718 -2.80

11.715 -2.81

11.712 -2.82

11.709 -2.83

11.707 -2.84

11.704 -2.85

11.701 -2.86

11.698 -2.87

11.695 -2.88

11.692 -2.89

11.689 -2.89

11.687 -2.90

11.684 -2.91

11.681 -2.92

11.678 -2.93

11.675 -2.94

11.672 -3.08

11.669 -3.21

11.665 -3.35

11.662 -3.48

11.658 -3.62

11.655 -3.75

11.651 -3.89

11.647 -4.02

11.643 -4.16

11.639 -4,29

11.634 -4,43

11.630 -4.56

11.625 -4.70

11.620 -4.83

11.616 -4.97

T E

"c fj.y

1680 17710.54

1681 17722.16

1682 17733.77

1683 17745.37

1684 17756.97

1685 17768.56

1686 17780.14

1687 17791.72

1688 17803.30

1689 17814.87

1690 17826.43

1691 17837.99

1692 17849.54

1693 17861.08

1694 17872.61

1695 17884.14

1696 17895.67

1697 17907.18

1698 17918.69

1699 17930.19

1700 17941.68

1701 17953.17

1702 17964.65

1703 17976.12

1704 17987.58

1705 17999.03

1706 18010.48

1707 18021.91

1708 18033.34

1709 18044,76

1710 18056.17

1711 18067.57

1712 18078.96

1713 18090.35

1714 18101,72

1715 18113,08

1716 18124,44

1717 18135,78

1718 18147,12

1719 18158.44

1720 18169.75

1721 18181.06

1722 18192.35

1723 18203.63

1724 18214.91

1725 18226.17

1726 18237.42

1727 18248.66

1728 18259.88

1729 18271.10

1730 18282.30

1731 18293.50

1732 18304.68

1733 18315,85

1734 18327,00

1735 18338,15

1736 18349,28

1737 18360,40

1738 18371,51

1739 18382,60

1740 18393,68

S dS/dT

ft.W°C nV/'C^

11.616 -4.97

11.611 -5.10

11.605 -5,24

11.600 -5,37

11,595 -5,51

11,589 -5,64

11,583 -5,78

11,577 -5,91

11.572 -6.05

11.565 -6.18

11.559 -6.32

11.553 -6.45

11.546 -6.59

11.540 -6.72

11.533 -6.86

11.526 -6,99

11,519 -7,13

11,512 -7.26

11.504 -7.40

11,497 -7.53

11.489 -7.67

11.482 -7.80

11.474 -7.94

11.466 -8.07

11.457 -8.21

11.449 -8.34

11.441 -8.48

11.432 -8.61

11.424 -8.75

11.415 -8.88

11.406 -9.02

11.397 -9.15

11.388 -9.29

11.378 -9.42

11.369 -9.56

11.359 -9,69

11,349 -9.82

11.339 -9.96

11.329 -10.09

11.319 -10.23

11.309 -10,36

11.299 -10.50

11,288 -10.63

11.277 -10.77

11.266 -10.90

11,255 -11,04

11.244 -11.17

11.233 -11.31

11.222 -11.44

11,210 -11.58

11.199 -11.71

11.187 -11.85

11,175 -11,98

11,163 -12,12

11,151 -12,25

11,138 -12,39

11,126 -12,52

11,113 -12.66

11.101 -12.79

11.088 -12.93

11.075 -13.06

T

E

"C

1740

18393.68

1741

18404.75

1742

18415.80

1743

18426.85

1744

18437.87

1745

18448.89

1746

18459.89

1747

18470.88

1748

18481.85

1749

18492 . 8 1

1750

18503.75

1751

18514.68

1752

18525.60

1753

18536.50

1754

18547.38

1755

18558.25

1756

18569.11

1757

18579.95

1758

18590.78

1759

18601.59

1760

18612.38

1761

18623.16

1762

18633.92

1763

18644.67

1764

18655.40

1765

18666.11

1766

18676.81

1767

18687.49

1768

18698.16

S dS/dT

11.075 -13.06

11.062 -13.20

11.048 -13.33

11.035 -13.47

11.021 -13.60

11.008 -13.74

10.994 -13.87

10.980 -14.01

10.966 -14.14

10.952 -14.28

10,937 -14,41

10,923 -14,55

10.908 -14,68

10,893 -14.82

10.879 -14.95

10.864 -15.09

10.848 -15.22

10.833 -15.36

10.818 -15.49

10.802 -15.63

10.786 -15.76

10.771 -15.90

10.755 -16.03

10.738 -16.17

10.722 -16.30

10.706 -16,44

10,689 -16,57

10.673 -16,71

10,656 -16,84

28

Table 2.3.3. Thermoelectric values at the fixed points for Type S thermocouples

Fixed point

Temp.

°C

E

5

dS/dT

^V/° C

Mercury FP

-38

862

-189

54

4

318

30.79

lee Point

0

000

0

00

5

400

25.04

Ether TP

26

87

153

70

6

026

21.66

Water BP

100

000

645

34

7

333

14.56

Benzoic TP

122

37

812

88

7

640

12.91

Indium FP

156

634

1081

79

8

044

10.75

Tin FP

231

9681

1714

64

8

714

7.30

Bismuth FP

271

442

2063

97

8

977

6.04

Cadmium FP

321

108

2516

72

9

246

4.85

Lead FP

327

502

2575

94

9

276

4.72

Mercury BP

356

66

2848

34

9

406

4.20

Zinc FP

419

580

3447

87

9

643

3.39

Sulphur BP

444

674

3690

88

9

725

3.17

Cu-Al FP

548

23

4714

00

10

030

2.91

Antimony FP*

630

74

5552

10

10

295

3.68

Aluminum FP

660

37

5859

12

10

411

3.29

Silver FP

961

93

9148

20

11

403

3.29

Gold FP*

1064

43

10334

30

11

740

3.29

Copper FP

1084

5

10570

46

11

793

2.53

Nickel FP

1455

15033

80

12

085

— 0.96

Cobalt FP

1494

15504

28

12

040

-1.33

Palladium FP

1554

16223

95

11

943

-1.89

Platinum FP

1767

6

18693

89

10

663

-16.79

*Junction point of different functions.

Table 2.3.4. Estimated maximum errors that occur when using reduced-bit arithmetic for the power series
expansion for the thermoelectric voltage of Type S thermocouples

Temperature range

Degree

Estimated maximum error

in microvolts

12 Bit

16 Bit

24 Bit

27 Bit

36 Bit

-50 to 200 °C

6

0.2

0.03

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

200 to 400 °C

6

0.3

0.04

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

400 to 631 °C

6

2

0.07

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

632 to 800° C

2

4

0.2

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

800 to 1064 °C

2

5

0.3

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

1065 to 1200 °C

3

6

0.4

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

1200 to 1400 °C

3

7

0.5

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

1400 to 1665 °C

3

9

0.6

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

1666 to 1768 °C

3

50

4

0.02

<0.01

<0.01

29

3. TYPE R — Platinum— 13% Rhodium Alloy Versus Platinum Thermocouples

3.1. Material Specifications and Precautions

This type is also often referred to by the nominal
chemical composition of its positive thermoelement:
platinum — 13% rhodium. Until this year the com-
position was somewhat different from the nominal 13
percent rhodium, usually about 12.85 wt%. However,
as a result of the recent research by Bedford et al.
[1972], the composition of the positive thermoelement
has been established to be platinum — 13.00 ±: 0.05
wt% rhodium. The negative thermoelement is com-
mercially 'pure platinum. Differences between this
commercial material and the platinum thermoelectric
reference standard, Pt-67, are described in the next
section. Differences between Pt-67 and the former
standard Pt-27 are summarized in section 1.2. The
effect of differences in rhodium content on the positive
thermoelement is described later in this section.

During the early years of this century the platinum
— 13% rhodium versus platinum thermocouple was
developed and tested in this country to give agreement
with the British platinum — 10% rhodium versus plat-
inum thermocouples which had been found to have
significant iron contamination. Fairchild and Schmitt
[1922] discovered during prolonged high-temperature
tests that American and British platinum — 10% rho-
dium versus platinum thermocouples differed signifi-
cantly from each other in thermoelectric output and
stability. The main chemical difference was traced to
an 0.34 percent iron impurity in the British positive
thermoelement which was presumably caused by the
use of impure rhodium. Many instruments and systems
had been calibrated on the basis of the thermoelectric
voltages of the older, impure platinum — 10% rhodium
material. Therefore, when pure rhodium %vas used for
alloying in order to improve the stability characteris-
tics, the composition had to be changed to give ther-
moelectric values near the previous ones. When the
more pure rhodium was used, it was found that about
13 percent rhodium had to be alloyed into the platinum
to approximately match the previous platinum — 10%
rhodium British wire. That is the highly pragmatic
reason for the development of the Type R thermo-
couple.

Type R thermocouples have a higher Seebeck co-
efficient than do Type S thermocouples, about 12 per-
cent larger over much of the range. Type R thermo-
couples are not standard interpolating instruments on
the IPTS-68 for the 630.74 °C to gold freezing point
range. Other than the above two items, and remarks
on the history of development and the composition,
all of the comments from the previous chapter on Type
S also apply to Type R.

However, for emphasis the precautions and restric-
tions on usage are repeated: They should not be used
in reducing atmospheres, nor in those containing
metallic vapor (such as lead or zinc), nonmetallic
vapors (such as arsenic, phosphorus, or sulfur) or
easily reduced oxides, unless suitably protected with

nonmetallic protecting tubes. They should never be
inserted directly into a metallic primary tube. Glawe
[1970] has described the effects on thermoelectric
voltages that occur from prolonged exposure at ele-
vated temperatures in vacuum, air, and argon atmos-
pheres.

ASTM Standard E230-72 in the Annual Book of
ASTM Standards [1972] specifies that the standard
limits of error for Type R commercial thermocouples
be ± 1.4 °C between 0 and 538 °C and ± % per-
cent between 538 and 1482 °C. Limits of error are
not specified for Type R thermocouples below 0 °C.
The recommended upper temperature limit for con-
tinuous service of protected Type R thermocouples
is 1482 °C and applies to AWG 24 (0.5 mm) wire.

3.2. Data Analyses and Comparisons

The fitting functions for Type R thermocouples are
taken directly from the original research recently pub-
lished by Bedford et al. [1972]. Their values for
thermoelectric voltages were based on the IPTS-68
and therefore no temperature scale corrections were
necessary. We made only one modification to their
functional expressions: the basic voltage function
above 1064 °C is also expressed as a simple power
series in this Monograph. For completeness their re-
duced temperature expression is also included in table
3.3.1.

Bedford et al. [1972] carried out research on twelve
meters of wire for each thermoelement from each of
four American and three British manufacturers. The
National Bureau of Standards and the National Re-
search Council calibrated the thermocouples from
—50 °C to the gold freezing point (1064.43 °C) ; the
National Physical Laboratory performed the measure-
ments at higher temperatures. The authors gave a very
thorough description of their measurement and anal-
ysis techniques.

Bedford et al. [1972] based their fitting functions
and tables on average values for selected lots of wire
from two manufacturers, labeled A and D. As a first
step, they fit the values in the Type S defined tempera-
ture range 630.74 °C to 1064.43 °C by a cubic func-
tion. The fit had a standard deviation of 0.26 ;nV for
seven experimental points. Next, all of the data below
630.74 °C was fit with a seventh degree function that
was constrained in value at 0 °C and 630.74 °C. The
fit had a standard deviation of 0.26 /xY for 70 experi-
mental points. The temperature range above 1061.43
°C was split in two: one range was from 1064.43 °C
to 1665 °C; the other, from 1665 °C to 1767.6 °C
(their measured value for the melting point of plat-
inum; see also Quinn and Chandler [1971]). They
used a reduced temperature variable for the fitting
above 1064.43 °C. A cubic function constrained at
1064.43 °C was used for the first upper range; another
cubic function constrained at 1665 °C was used for the

31

0.4 0.8
TEMPERATURE °C

1-2x10

Figure 3.2.1. Deviations of thermoelectric voltages of Type R
thermocouples — comparison of values given in this Mono-
graph to those for typical thermocouples which conform to
the previous Type R standard (NBS Circular 561).

Experimental values for thermocouples Nos. 1. 2. and 5 are from selected

calibrations by the Temperature Section (NBS, Gaithersburg) . Values from

the previous calibrations are adjusted to the IPTS-68. The dashed line
indicates a deviation of 1 °C.

>

^ -5

h-

<

>

LU
Q

— '

^ ~^ —

— ~ -E^

A \v ^\

\ \8

3 500 1000

TEMPERATURE, °C

1500

Figure 3.2.2. Deviation of thermoelectric voltages of Type R
thermocouples — comparison of values given in this Mono-
graph to experimental data by Bedford, et al. \_1972].

All values are expressed on the IPTS— 68. The upper and lower dashed
lines indicate deviations of 4-*/^ and — 1 **C respectively.

1 r

TEMPERATURE , °C

Figure 3.2.3. Difference in thermoelectric voltages for Type R thermocouples — comparison of
values given in this Monograph to those given in: NBS Circular 561; BSI (B.S. 1826:1952).

The width of the shaded curves indicates the round-off uncertainty in the previous tabular values. Values from pre-
vious standards are adjusted to the IPTS— 68. The dashed line indicates a deviation of I °C.

32

second range. The first had a standard deviation of
1.0 /iV for eight points; the second, 1.5 /aV for eight
points. The maximum difference that they found be-
tween any two sets of ivires was about 20 ju.V at
1767 °C.

The values for thermoelectric voltages given in this
Monograph were compared to those given in 6 cali-
brations (dated between 1966 and 1970) from the
Temperature Section of the National Bureau of Stand-
ards in Gaithersburg. All of the thermocouples had
the older, nominally 13 percent rhodium material for
their positive thermoelement; none were from the
newer, precisely 13 percent rhodium material that was
used for the international comparison. Deviations are
shown in figure 3.2.1 for three thermocouples repre-
sentative of the older material. All values were ad-
justed to the IPTS-68. The systematic trend between
the old material and the new tables is obvious. Devia-
tions for thermocouples from seven different manu-
facturers measured by Bedford et al. [1972] (all of
the newer, accurately 13% rhodium material) are
shown in figure 3.2.2. An average of materials A and
D was used by Bedford et al. [1972] for generation
of their recommended functions. The negative thermo-
elements of materials A and D were about 6 /tV posi-
tive and 1 /xV negative, respectively, relative to Pt-67
at 1064.43 °C. Note that this is slightly different from
the negative thermoelements that they used for Type S
thermocouples.

Deviations between values given in this Monograph
and those given by Shenker et al. [1955] in NBS Cir-
cular 561 and by the British Standards Institute [1952]
are shown in figure 3.2.3. The earlier values were on
the IPTS^lfi but have been adjusted to be on the
IPTS-68 for this comparison. The deviation curves
indicate differences caused by variations in material

-0.21 I I I I I I I I I

-0.2 0,2 0.6 1.0 1.4 1.8x10

TEMPERATURE,°C

Figure 3.3.1. Thermoelectric voltage for Type R thermo-
couples.

The circles indicate values at various thermometric bxti points on the
IPTS-68.

composition, experimental error and fitting techniques,
in decreasing order of importance. The width of the
curves represent the round-off uncertainty (1 /aV) in
the tabular values quoted in the two previous standard
tables.

The reference tables for Type R thermocouples given
in this Monograph were derived by Bedford et al.
[1972] in such a way that the thermoelectric voltage,
E, is a continuous function of temperature (fas) over
the whole range. However, there are discontinuities
in some derivatives at some of the joins in temperature
ranges. These discontinuities can be clearly seen in
figure 3.3.3. Bedford et al. [1972] have explained why
the discontinuities are necessary. Their comments are
summarized in the previous chapter.

3.3. Reference Functions and Tables for
Type R Thermocouples

The coefficients for the four sets of equations for the
thermoelectric voltage of Type R thermocouples are
given in table 3.3.1. The reduced temperature expres-
sions generated by Bedford et al. [1972] are included.
The errors caused by using reduced bit arithmetic for
calculating values of the functions are given in table
3.3.4.

The primary reference values for Type R thermo-
couples are given in table 3.3.2. Values at selected
fixed points are given in table 3.3.3. Graphs of the
thermoelectric voltage, its first derivative (Seebeck
coefficient), and second derivative are given in figures
3.3.1, 3.3.2, and 3.3.3, respectively. As with Type S
thermocouples, there are discontinuities in the second
derivatives where equations for different temperature
regions are joined.

-0.2 0.2 0.6 1.0 1.4 1.8x10-

TEMPERATURE °C
Figure 3.3.2. Seebeck coefficient for Type R thermocouples.

The circles indicate values at various thermometric fixed points on the
IPTS-68.

33

-0.2 0.2 0.6 1.0 1.4 1-8 xio'

TEMPERATURE ,°C

Figure 3.3.3. Second derivative of thermoelectric voltage for
Type R thermocouples.

The circles indicate values at various thermometric fixed points on the
lPTS-68.

Table 3.3.1. Power series expansion for the thermoelectric voltage of Type R thermocouples

Temperature range

Degree

Coefficients

Term

-50 to 630.74 °C

7

5.2891395059 ...

1.3911109947 XlO-2
-2.4005238430 XlO^^

3.6201410595 XlO"*
-4.4645019036 XlO""

3.8497691865 XlQ-"
-1.5372641559 XlO""

T

7*2

T*

r

630.74 to 1064.43 °C

3

-2.6418007025 XlO^
8 . 0468680747 . . .
2.9892293723 XlO"'

-2.6876058617 XlO"'

t'i'

y2
fs

1064.43 to 1665 °C

3

1.4901702702 XlO'
2 . 8639867552 . . .
8.0823631189 XlO^^
-1.9338477638 XlO'^

jV

fi
fi

1665 to 1767.6 °C

3

9.5445559910 XlO^
-1.6642500359 XlO^

1.0975743239 XlO'i
-2.2289216980 XlO'^

t'i'

fi

fs

1064.43 to 1665 °C
r-1365
300

3

1.5540414086 XlO"
4.2357772712 XlO'
1.4693087343 XlO'
-5.2213889624 XlO'

7^*1

7'*2

y*3

1665 to 1767 .6 °C
r-1715
50

3

2.0416695016 XlO^
6.6850914082 xlO^
-1.2301472524 XlOi
-2.7861521235 ...

f*!
7'* 2
7'*3

34

Table 3.3.2. Type R thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck cofficients, SfTj, and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C

T

E

s

dS/dT

T

E

s

dS/dT

T

E

s

dS/dT

<>c

uV

°C

uV

nV/'C^

"C

fj, V

/iV/°C

-40

-187.67

4.051

34.34

-20

-100.02

4.703

30.88

-39

-183.61

4.085

34.16

-19

-95.30

4.733

30.72

-38

-179.50

4. 1 19

33.97

-18

-90.55

4.764

30.56

D f

— 1 7C^ » 7

3 3 • 79

— 1 7
if

-85.77

4 » 7 9 5

30 . 40

-36

-171.20

4.187

33.61

-16

-80.96

4.825

30.24

-35

-166.99

4.221

33.44

-15

-76.12

4.855

30.08

-34

-162.76

4.254

33.26

-14

-71.25

4.885

29.93

-33

-158.48

4.287

33.08

-13

-66.35

4.915

29.77

— 1 /i 1 ft

/l "a 9 O

3 2 • 9 1

— 1 9

A- • 94 5

9 Q A 1

-31

-149.84

4.353

32.73

-11

-56.46

4,974

29.46

-50

-226.44

3.698

36.23

-30

-145.48

4.386

32.56

-10

-51.48

5.004

29.31

-49

-222.72

3.735

36.03

-29

-141.07

4.418

32 .39

-9

-46.46

5.033

29.15

-48

-218.97

3.770

35.84

-28

-136.64

4.450

32.22

-8

-41.41

5.062

29.00

—47

—215.18

3.806

^ P . O !?

— 9 7

— 1 I* 9 - 1 7
1 J ^ • i '

32.05

_ Y

~ 3 6 • 3 3

9 • U V 1

i o • 0 9

-46

-211.36

3.842

35.46

-26

-127.67

4.514

31.88

-6

-31.23

5. 120

28.70

-45

-207.50

3.877

35.27

-25

-123.14

4.546

31.71

-5

-26.09

5.148

28.55

-44

-203.60

3.912

35.08

-24

-118.58

4.578

31.54

-4

-20.93

5. 177

28.41

-43

-199.67

3.947

34.89

-23

-113.99

4.609

31.38

-3

-15.74

5.205

28.26

-42

-195.71

3.982

34.71

-22

-109.36

4.641

31.21

-2

-10.52

5.233

28.11

-41

-191.71

4.017

34.52

-21

-104.71

4.672

31.05

-1

-5.28

5.261

27.97

-40

-187.67

4.051

34.34

-20

-100.02

4.703

30.88

0

0.00

5.289

27.82

35

Table 3.3.2. Type R thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 ° C— Continued

T E

c

0

0.00

1

5.30

2

1 0 e 6 3

3

15.99

4

21.38

5

26.79

6

32.23

•J

■^7 7n
-3 1 • ' u

8

43.19

9

48.71

10

54.26

11

59.83

12

65.43

13

71.06

14

76.71

15

82.39

16

88.09

17

93.82

18

99.58

19

105.36

20 111.16

21 116.99

22 122.85

23 128.73

24 134.63

25

140.56

26

146.52

27

152.49

28

158.50

29

164.52

30

170.57

31

176.65

32

182.75

33

188.87

34

195.01

35

201.18

36

207.38

37

213.59

38

219.83

39

226.09

40

232.38

41

238.68

42

245.01

43

251.36

44

2 5 7.74

45

264.13

46

270.55

47

276.99

48

283.46

49

289.94

50

296.45

51

302.97

52

309.52

53

316.09

54

322.69

55

329.30

56

335.93

57 342.59

58 349.27

59 355.96

60 362.68

S dS/dT

5.289 27.82

5.317 27.68
5.344 27.54
5.372 27.39
5.399 27.25

5.426 27.11

5.454 26.97

5.480 26.83

5.507 26.70

5.534 26.56

5.560 26.42

5.587 26.29

5.613 26.15

5.639 26.02

5.665 25.89

5.691 25.76

5.716 25.63

5.742 25.49

5.767 25.37

5.793 25.24

5.818 25.11

5.843 24.98

5.868 24.85

5.893 24.73

5.917 24.60

5.942 24.48

5.966 24.36

5.991 24.23

6.015 24.11

6.039 23.99

6.063 23.87

6.087 23.75

6.110 23.63

6.134 23.51

6.157 23.39

6.181 23.28

6.204 23.16

6.227 23.04

6.250 22.93

6.273 22.82

6.296 22.70

6.318 22.59
6.341 22.48
6.363 22.36
6.385 22.25

6.408 22.14

6.430 22.03

6.452 21.93

6.474 21.82

6.495 21.71

6.517 21.60

6.539 21.50

6.560 21.39

6.581 21.28

6.603 21.18

6.624 21.08

6.645 20.97

6.666 20.87
6.686 20.77
6.707 20.67

6.728 20.57

T E

60

362.68

61

369.42

62

376. 18

63

382.95

64

389.75

65

396.57

66

403.41

67

410.27

68

417.15

69

424.05

70

430.97

71

437.91

72

444 .87

73

451.84

74

458.84

75

465.85

76

472.89

7 7

479 . 94

78

487.02

79

494 .11

80

501.22

81

508.35

82

5 1 5 .49

8 3

5 22.66

84

529. 85

85

537.05

86

544.27

87

551.51

88

558.77

89

566. 04

90

573 .33

91

580.64

92

587.97

93

595.32

94

602.68

95

610.06

96

617.46

97

624.88

98

632.31

99

639.76

100 647.23

101 654.71

102 662.22

103 669.73

104 677.27

105 684.82

106 692.39

107 699.97

108 707.57

109 715.19

110 722.83

111 730.48

112 738.14

113 745.82

114 753.52

115 761.24

116 768.96

117 776.71

118 784.47

119 792.25

120 800.04

s

dS/dT

nV/»C^

6.728

20.57

6.748

20.47

6.769

20.37

6.789

20.27

6.809

20.17

6.829

20.07

6.849

19.97

6.869

19.88

6.889

19.78

6.909

19.68

6.929 19.59

6.948 19.49

6.967 19.40

6.987 19.31

7.006 19.21

7.025 19.12

7.044 19.03

7.063 18.94

7.082 18.85

7.101 18.76

7.120 18.67

7.138 18.58

7.167 18.49

7.175 18.40

7.194 18.31

7.212 18.23

7.230 18.14

7.248 18.05

7.266 17.97

7.284 17.88

7.302 17.80

7.320 17.72

7.337 17.63

7.355 17.55

7.373 17.47

7.390 17.38

7.407 17.30

7.425 17.22

7.442 17.14

7.459 17.06

7.476 16.98

7.493 16.90

7.510 16.82

7.526 16.74

7.543 16.66

7.560 16.59

7.576 16.51

7.593 16.43

7.609 16.36

7.626 16.28

7.642 16.21

7.658 16.13

7.674 16.06

7.690 15.98

7.706 15.91

7.722 15.83

7.738 15.76

7.753 15.69

7.769 15.62

7.785 15.55

7.800 15.47

T

•c

/iV

120

800.04

121

807.85

122

815.67

123

823.51

124

831.36

125

839.23

126

847.12

127

855.02

128

862.93

129

870.86

130

878 . 80

131

886.76

132

894. 74

133

902.72

134

910.73

135

918.74

136

926.78

137

934.82

138

942.88

139

950.96

140

959.05

141

967. 15

142

975.27

143

983.40

144

991.54

145

999 . 70

146

1007.87

147

1016.06

148

1024.26

149

1032.47

150

1040.70

151

1048.94

152

1057.20

153

1065.47

154

1073.75

155

1082.04

156

1090.35

157

1098.67

158

1107.00

159

1115.35

160

1123.71

161

1132.08

162

1140.47

163

1148.87

164

1157.28

165

1165.70

166

1174.14

167

1182.59

168

1191.05

169

1199.52

170

1208.01

171

1216.51

172

1225.02

173

1233.54

174

1242.08

175

1250.63

176

1259.19

177

1267.76

178

1276.34

179

1284.94

180 1293.55

S dS/dT

7.800 15.47

7.816 15.40

7.831 15.33

7.846 15.26

7.861 15.19

7.877 15.12

7.892 15.06

7.907 14.99

7.922 14.92

7.937 14.85

7.951

14.78

7.966

14.72

1 /i A
1 f • O 3

7 • 995

1 4 • 5 8

o • u 1 u

Lh- • ^ ^

8.024

14.45

8.039

14.39

8.053

14 . 32

o . QOO

8 . 082

14.19

8.096

14.13

8. 110

14.07

8.124

14.01

8.138

13. 94

8.152

13.88

8. 166

13.82

8. 180

13.76

8.193

1 3 . 70

8.207

13.63

8.221

13.57

8.234

13.51

8.248

13.45

8.261

13 .39

8.274

13 . 34

8.288

13 .28

8.301

13.22

8.314

13.16

8.327

13.10

8 . 340

13.04

8.353

12 . 99

8.366

12.93

8.379

12.87

8.392

12.82

8.405

12.76

8.418

12.71

8.430

12.65

8.443

12.59

8.455

12.54

8.468

12.49

8.480

12.43

8.493

12.38

8.505

12.32

8.518

12.27

8.530

12.22

8.542

12.17

8.554

12.11

8.566

12.06

8. 578

12.01

8.590

11 .96

8.602

11 .91

8.614

11.85

36

Table 3.3.2. Type R thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C— Continued

T E

•C /iV

180 1293.55

181 1302.17

182 1310.80

183 1319.44

184 1328.10

185 1336.77

186 1345.44

187 1354.13

188 1362.84

189 1371.55

S dS/dT

8.614 11.85

8.626 11.80

8.638 11.75

8.649 11.70

8.661 11.65

8.673 11.60

8.684 11.55

8.696 11.51

8.707 11.46

8,719 11.41

T

E

l#

240

1830.04

241

1839.28

242

1848.54

243

1857.81

244

1867.08

245

1876.36

246

1885.66

247

1894.96

248

1904.27

249

1913.59

S dS /dT

9.243 9.25

9.252 9.21

9.261 9.18

9.271 9.14

9.280 9.11

9.289 9.07

9.298 9.04

9.307 9.00

9.316 8.96

9.325 8.93

T E

"C

300 2400.05

301 2409.79

302 2419.54

303 2429.30

304 2439.06

305 2448.83

306 2458.61

307 2468.40

308 2478.19

309 2487.99

S dS/dT

fiWX nV/'C^

9.739 7.39

9.746 7.36

9.754 7.34

9.761 7.31

9.768 7.29

9.775 7.26

9.783 7.24

9.790 7.21

9.797 7.19

9.804 7.16

190 1380.27

191 1389.01

192 1397.76

193 1406.51

194 1415.28

8.730 11.36

8.741 11.31

8.753 11.26

8.764 11.22

8.775 11.17

250 1922.92

251 1932.26

252 1941.61

253 1950.96

254 1960.33

9.334 8.89

9.343 8.86

9.351 8.83

9.360 8.79

9.369 8.76

310 2497.80

311 2507.62

312 2517.44

313 2527.27

314 2537.10

9.811 7.14

9.819 7.11

9.826 7.09

9.833 7.06

9.840 7.04

195 1424.06

196 1432.86

197 1441.66

198 1450.47

199 1459.30

8.786 11.12

8.797 11.08

8.808 11.03

8.819 10.98

8.830 10.94

255 1969.70

256 1979.08

257 1988.47

258 1997.87

259 2007.28

9.378 8.72

9.386 8.69

9.395 8.66

9.404 8.62

9.412 8.59

315 2546.95

316 2556.80

317 2566.65

318 2576.52

319 2586.39

9.847 7.02

9.854 6.99

9.861 6.97

9.868 6.95

9.875 6.92

200 1468.13

201 1476.98

202 1485.84

203 1494.71

204 1503.59

205 1512.47

206 1521.38

207 1530.29

208 1539.21

209 1548.14

210 1557.08

211 1566.04

212 1575.00

213 1583.97

214 1592.96

8.841 10.89

8.852 10.85

8.863 10.80

8.874 10.75

8.884 10.71

8.895 10.67

8,906 10.62

8.916 10.58

8.927 10.53

8.937 10.49

8.948 10.45

8.958 10.40

8.969 10.36

8.979 10.32

8.989 10,28

260

2016.70

261

2026.12

262

2035.56

263

2045.00

264

2054.45

265

2063.91

266

2073.37

267

2082.85

268

2092.33

269

2101.83

270

2111.33

271

2120.84

272

2130.35

273

2139.88

274

2149.41

9.421 8.56

9.429 8.52

9.438 8.49

9.446 8.46

9.455 8.43

9.463 8.40

9.472 8.36

9.480 8.33

9.488 8.30

9.497 8.27

9.505 8.24

9.513 8.21

9.521 8.18

9.529 8.15

9.538 8.12

320 2596.27

321 2606.15

322 2616.05

323 2625.94

324 2635.85

325 2645.76

326 2655.68

327 2665.61

328 2675.54

329 2685.48

330 2695.43

331 2705.38

332 2715.34

333 2725.31

334 2735.28

9.882 6.90

9.889 6.88

9.895 6.86

9.902 6.83

9.909 6.81

9.916 6.79

9.923 6.77

9.929 6.75

9.936 6.72

9.943 6.70

9.950 6.68

9.956 6.66

9.963 6.64

9.970 6.62

9.976 6.60

215

1601.95

9.000

10.23

216

1610.96

9.010

10.19

217

1619.97

9.020

10.15

218

1629.00

9.030

10.11

219

1638.03

9.040

10.07

220

1647.08

9.050

10.03

221

1656.13

9.060

9.99

222

1665.20

9.070

9.94

223

1674.27

9.080

9.90

224

1683.36

9.090

9.86

275

2158.95

9.546

8.09

276

2168.50

9.554

8.06

277

2178.06

9.562

8.03

278

2187.63

9.570

8.00

279

2197.20

9.578

7.97

280

2206.78

9.586

7.94

281

2216.37

9.594

7.91

282

2225.97

9.602

7.88

283

2235.58

9.609

7.85

284

2245.19

9.617

7.82

335

2745.26

9.983

6.58

336

2755.24

9.989

6.56

337

2765.24

9.996

6.54

338

2775.24

10.002

6.52

339

2785.24

10.009

6.50

340

2795.25

10.015

6.48

341

2805.27

10.022

6.46

342

2815.30

10.028

6.44

343

2825.33

10.035

6.42

344

2835.37

10.041

6.40

225

1692.45

226

1701.56

227

1710.67

228

1719.80

229

1728.93

230

1738.08

231

1747.23

232

1756.39

233

1765.56

234

1774.75

235

1783.94

236

1793.14

237

1802.35

238

1811.57

239

1820.80

240

1830.04

9.100

9.82

9.110

9.78

9.119

9.75

9. 129

9.71

9.139

9.67

9. 149

9.63

9.158

9.59

9.168

9.55

9.177

9.51

9.187

9.47

9.196

9.44

9.206

9.40

9.215

9.36

9.224

9.33

9.234

9.29

9.243 9.25

285 2254.81

286 2264.44

287 2274.08

288 2283.72

289 2293.37

290 2303.03

291 2312.70

292 2322.37

293 2332.06

294 2341.75

295 2351.45

296 2361.15

297 2370.86

298 2380.58

299 2390.31

300 2400.05

9.625 7.79

9.633 7.77

9.641 7.74

9.648 7.71

9.656 7.68

9.664 7.65

9.671 7.63

9.679 7.60

9.687 7.57

9.694 7.55

9.702 7.52

9.709 7.49

9.717 7.47

9.724 7.44

9.731 7.41

9.739 7.39

345 2845.41

346 2855.46

347 2865.52

348 2875.58

349 2885.65

350 2895.73

351 2905.81

352 2915.90

353 2925.99

354 2936.09

355 2946.20

356 2956.31

357 2966.43

358 2976.56

359 2986.69

360 2996.83

10.047 6.38

10.054 6.36

10.060 6.34

10.067 6.32

10.073 6.30

10.079 6.28

10.085 6.27

10.092 6.25

10.098 6.23

10.104 6.21

10.110 6.19

10.117 6.18

10.123 6.16

10.129 6.14

10.135 6.12

10.141 6.11

37

Table 3.3.2. Type R thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 ° C— Continued

T

E

»c

36 0

2996.83

36 1

3006. 97

362

3017. 12

363

3027.28

364

3037.44

365

3047.61

366

3057.79

367

3067.97

368

3078.15

369

3088.34

370

3098.54

371

3108.75

372

3118.96

373

3129.17

374

3139.40

375

3149.62

376

3159.86

377

3170.10

378

3180.34

379

3190.59

380

3200.85

381

3211.11

382

322 1.38

383

3231.66

384

3241.94

385

3252.22

386

3262 .51

387

3272 .81

3 88

3283. 1 1

389

3293.42

390

3303.74

391

3314.06

392

3324.38

393

3334.71

394

3345.05

395 3355.39

396 3365.74

397 3376.10

398 3386.45

399 3396.82

400 3407.19

401 3417.57

402 3427.95

403 3438.33

404 3448.73

405 3459.12

406 3469.53

407 3479.94

408 3490.35

409 3500.77

410 3511.19

411 3521.62

412 3532.06

413 3542.50

414 3552.95

415 3563.40

416 3573.86

417 3584.32

418 3594.79

419 3605.26

420 3615.74

s

dS/dT

nVZ-C^

10. 141

6.11

10. 147

6.09

10.153

6.07

10.159

6.06

10. 165

6.04

10.171

6.02

10.177

6.01

10. 183

5.99

10.189

5.97

10. 195

5.96

10.201

5.94

10.207

5.93

10.213

5.91

10.219

5.90

10.225

5.88

10.231

5.86

10.237

5.85

10.243

5.83

10.248

5.82

10.254

5.81

10.260

5.79

10.266

5.78

10.272

5 . 76

10.277

5.75

10.283

5.73

10.289

5 . 72

10 . 294

5.71

10 • 300

5 . 69

10.306

5.68

10.312

5.67

10.317

5.65

10.323

5 . 64

10.328

5.63

10.334

5.61

10.340

5.60

10.345

5.59

10.351

5.57

10.356

5.56

10.362

5.55

10.368

5.54

10.373

5.53

10.379

5.51

10.384

5.50

10.390

5.49

10.395

5.48

10.401

5.47

10.406

5.46

10.411

5 . 44

10.417

5.43

10.422

5.42

10 . 428

5.41

10.433

5.40

10 .439

5.39

10.444

5.38

10.449

5.37

10.455

5.36

10.460

5.35

10.465

5.34

10.471

5.33

10.476

5.32

10.481

5.31

T E
"C /iV

420 3615.74

421 3626.22

422 3636.71

423 3647.21

424 3657.71

425 3668.21

426 3678.72

427

3689.24

428

3699.76

429

3710.29

430

3720.82

431

3731.35

432

3741.89

433

3752.44

434

3762.99

435

3773.55

436

3784. 11

437

3794.68

438

3805.25

439

3815.83

440

3826.41

441

3837.00

442

3847.60

443

3858.19

444

3868.80

44 5

3879.41

446

-a Q Q A ^ n p

447

3900.64

448

3911.26

449

3921.89

450

3932 .53

451

3943 .17

452

3953.81

453

3964.46

454

3975.11

455

3985.77

456

3996.44

457

4007. 1 1

458

4017.78

459

4028.46

460

4039.14

461

4049.83

462

4060.53

463

4071 .23

464

4081 .93

465

4092.64

466

4103.35

467

4114.07

468

4124.80

469

4135.53

470

4146.26

471

4157.00

472

4167.74

473

4178.49

474

4189i24

475

4200.00

476

4210.77

477

4221.54

478

4232.31

479

4243.09

480 4253.87

s

dS/dT

nV/'C^

10.481

5.31

10.487

5.30

10.492

5.29

10.497

5.28

10.502

5.27

10.508

5.26

10.513

5.25

10.518

5 .24

10.523

5.23

10.529

5.22

10.534

5.21

10.539

5.20

10.544

5.20

10.549

5.19

10.555

5.18

10.560

5.17

10.565

5.16

10.570

5.15

10.575

5.15

10.580

5.14

10.586

5.13

10.591

5.12

10.596

5.12

10.601

5.11

10.606

5.10

10.611

5.09

10.616

5.09

10*621

5.08

10.626

5.07

10.631

5.06

10.637

5.06

1 0 . 642

5.05

10.647

5.04

10.652

5 .04

10.657

5.03

10.662

5.02

10.667

5.02

10.672

5.01

10.677

5.00

10.682

5.00

10.687

4 .99

10.692

4.99

lO. 597

4.98

10.702

4.97

10.707

4,97

10.712

4.96

10.717

4.96

If). 722

4.95

10.727

4.95

10.731

4.94

lO. 736

4.94

10.741

4.93

10.746

4.93

10.751

4.92

10.756

4.92

10.761

4.91

10.766

4.91

10.771

4.90

10.776

4.90

10.781

4.89

10.786

4.89

T

E

°c

480

4253 . 87

481

4264 . 66

482

4275.45

483

4286.25

484

4297.05

485

4307 . 86

486

4318.67

487

4329.49

488

4340.31

489

4351.14

490

4361.97

491

4372.80

492

4383.65

493

4394.49

494

4405.34

495

4416.20

496

4427.06

497

4437.93

498

4448.80

499

4459.67

500

4470. 55

501

4481 .44

502

4492 .33

503

4503.22

504

4514.12

505

4525.02

506

4535.93

Rr>7

508

4557.76

509

4568.69

510

4579 .62

511

4590. 55

512

460 1 .49

513

4612.43

514

4623.37

515

4634 . 33

516

4645.28

517

46 56 . 24

518

4667.21

519

4678.18

520

4689.16

521

4700 . 14

522

471 1.12

523

4722.11

524

4733.10

525

4744 .10

526

4755 . 1 1

527

4766 . 1 2

528

4777.13

529

4788.15

530

4799 . 1 7

531

4810.20

532

482 1.23

533

4832.27

534

4843.31

535

4854.35

536

4865.41

537

4876.46

538

4887.52

539

4898.59

540 4909.66

s

dS/dT

10. 786

4.89

10. 790

4.88

10.795

4.88

10.800

4.87

10.805

4.87

10.810

4 . 86

10.815

4 . 86

10.820

4.86

10.824

4.85

10.829

4.85

10. 834

4 . 84

10.839

4 , 84

10. 844

4.83

10.849

4.83

10.853

4.83

10.858

4.82

10.863

4.82

10. 868

4.82

10.873

4.81

10.878

4.81

10.882

4 . 80

10. 887

4.80

10.892

4.80

10.897

4.79

10.902

4.79

10.906

4.79

10.911

4 . 78

i U . V 1 o

/i "7 Q

10.921

4.78

10.925

4.77

1 0 • 9 3 0

4.77

1 0 • 9 3 5

4 . 77

1 n o/Lfi

i U • "*T u

4.76

10.945

4.76

10.949

4.76

10.954

4.75

10.959

4.75

10. 964

4.75

10.968

4.75

10.973

4.74

10.978

4.74

10.983

4 . 74

10.987

4.73

10.992

4.73

10.997

4.73

11.001

4 . 72

11. 006

4 . 72

11.011

4.72

11.016

4.72

11.020

4.71

11.025

4.71

11. 030

4.71

11.0 34

4.70

11.039

4.70

11.044

4.70

11.049

4.69

11.053

4.69

11.058

4.69

11.063

4.69

11.067

4.68

11.072 4.68

38

Table 3.3.2. Type R thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

•c

540

4909.66

541

4920.73

542

4931.81

543

4942.89

544

4953.98

545

4965.07

546

4976.17

547

4987.27

548

4998.38

549

5009.49

550

5020.61

551

5031.73

552

5042.86

553

5053.99

554

5065. 12

555

5076.26

556

5087.40

557

5098.55

558

5109.71

559

5120.87

560

5132.03

561

5143.20

562

5154.37

563

5165.54

564

5176.72

565

5187.91

566

5199. 10

567

5210.30

568

5221.49

569

5232.70

570

5243.91

571

5255.12

572

5266.34

573

5277.56

574

5288.79

575

5300.02

576

5311.26

577

5322.50

578

5333.74

579

5344.99

580

5356.24

581

5367.50

582

5378. 77

583

5390.03

584

5401.31

585

5412.58

586

5423.86

587

5435. 15

588

5446.44

589

5457. 74

590

5469.03

591

5480.34

592

5491 .65

593

5502.96

594

5514.28

595

5525.60

596

5536.92

597

5548.25

598

5559.59

599

5570.93

600 5582.27

S dS/dT

11.072

4.68

11.077

4.68

11.081

4.67

11 .086

4.67

11.091

4.67

11.095

4.66

11 . 100

4.66

11.105

4.66

11. 109

4.66

11.114

4.65

11.119

4.65

11.123

4.65

11.128

4.64

11.133

4.64

11 . 137

4, 64

11.142

4.63

11.146

4.63

11.151

4.62

11.156

4.62

11.160

4.62

11.165

4,61

11. 170

4.61

11.174

4.61

11.179

4.60

11.183

4.60

11. 188

4.59

11.193

4.59

11.197

4.59

11.202

4.58

11.206

4.58

11.211

4.57

11.215

4.57

11.220

4.56

11.225

4.56

11 .229

4.56

11.234

4.55

11.238

4.55

11 .243

4.54

11.247

4. 54

11.252

4.53

11.256

4.53

11.261

4.52

11.265

4.52

11.270

4.51

11.274

4.50

11.279

4.50

11.283

4.49

11.288

4.49

11.292

4.48

11. 297

4.48

11.301

4.47

11 .306

4.46

11.310

4.46

11.315

4.45

11.319

4.44

11.324

4.44

11.328

4.43

11.333

4.42

11.337

4.42

11.341

4.41

11.346 4.40

T E

"C /iV

600 5582.27

601 5593.62

602 5604.97

603 5616.33

604 5627.69

605 5639.05

606 5650.42

607 5661.80

608 5673.18

609 5684.56

610 5695.95

611 5707.34

612 5718.73

613 5730.13

614 5741.54

615 5752.95

616 5764.36

617 5775.78

618 5787.20

619 5798.62

620 5810.05

621 5821.49

622 5832.93

623 5844.37

624 5855.82

625 5867.27

626 5878.72

627 5890.18

628 5901.64

629 5913.11

630 5924,58

631 5936.06

632 5947,57

633 5959.07

634 5970.58

635 5982.10

636 5993.62

637 6005.14

638 6016.67

639 6028.21

640 6039.75

641 6051.30

642 6062.85

643 6074.40

644 6085.96

645 6097.53

646 6109.10

647 6120.67

648 6132.25

649 6143.84

650 6155.43

651 6167.02

652 6178.62

653 6190.22

654 6201.83

655 6213.45

656 6225.07

657 6236.69

658 6248.32

659 6259.95

660 6271.59

s

dS/dT

11.346

4.40

11.350

4.39

11.355

4.38

11.359

4,38

11.363

4.37

11.368

4.36

11 .372

4.35

11.376

4.34

11.381

4.33

11.385

4.33

11.389

4.32

11 . 394

4.31

11.398

4.30

11.402

4.29

1 1 . 407

4.28

11,411

4,27

11,415

4.26

11,419

4.25

11.424

4.24

11.428

4.23

11.432

4.22

11.436

4.20

11.440

4.19

11.445

4,18

11.449

4,17

1 1.453

4.16

11.457

4.15

11.461

4.13

11.465

4.12

1 1 .470

4.11

1 1 .474

4.09

11.498

4.96

11.503

4.96

11.508

4.96

11.513

4.96

11.518

4.95

11.523

4.95

11.528

4.95

11.533

4.95

11.538

4.95

11.543

4.95

11,548

4. 94

11.553

4.94

11.558

4.94

11.563

4.94

11.568

4.94

1 1 .572

4.94

11.577

4.94

11.582

4.93

11.587

4.93

11,592

4.93

11,597

4.93

11.602

4.93

11.607

4.93

11.612

4,92

11.617

4.92

11.622

4.92

11.627

4.92

11.632

4.92

11.637

4.92

11.641 4.91

T

E

"C

660

6271.59

661

6283.24

662

6294.89

663

6306. 54

664

6318.20

665

6329.86

666

6341.53

667

6353.20

668

6364. 88

669

6376.57

670

6388.25

671

6399.95

672

6411.64

673

6423.35

674

6435.05

675

6446 . 77

6 76

6458 . 48

677

6470.21

678

6481.93

679

6493 . 67

680

6505.40

68 1

6517.14

682

6528.89

683

6540.64

684

6552.40

685

6564.16

686

6575.93

687

6587.70

688

6599.47

689

6611.26

690

6623.04

691

6634.83

692

6646.63

693

6658.43

694

6670.23

695

6682.04

696

6693.86

697

6705.68

698

6717.50

699

6729.33

700

6741.17

701

6753.00

702

6764.85

703

6776.70

704

6788.55

705 6800.41

706 6812.27

707 6824.14

708 6836.01

709 6847.89

710 6859.77

711 6871.66

712 6883.55

713 6895.45

714 6907,35

715 6919.26

716 6931.17

717 6943.09

718 6955.01

719 6966.94

720 6978.87

s

dS/dT

11.641

4.91

11.646

4.91

11.651

4.91

11.656

4.91

11.661

4,91

11.666

4.91

11.671

4.90

11.676

4.90

11.681

4.90

11.686

4.90

11.690

4.90

11.695

4.90

11.700

4.89

11.705

4.89

11.710

4.89

11.715

4.89

11. 720

4.89

11.725

4.89

11.730

4.89

11.735

4.88

11. 739

4.88

11. 744

4.88

11.749

4,88

11.754

4,88

11.759

4.88

11.764

4.87

11.769

4.87

11.774

4.87

11.778

4.87

11. 783

4 . 87

1 1. 788

4.87

11. 793

4.86

1 1 . 798

4 . 86

11.803

4.86

11,808

4.86

11.812

4.86

11.817

4.86

11.822

4.85

11.827

4.85

11.832

4.85

11.837

4.85

11.842

4.85

11.846

4.85

11.851

4.84

11.856

4.84

11.861

4.84

11.866

4.84

11.871

4.84

11.875

4.84

11.880

4.84

11.885

4.83

11.890

4.83

11.895

4.83

11.900

4.83

11.904

4,83

11.909

4,83

11.914

4.82

11.919

4.82

11.924

4.82

11.929

4.82

11.933

4.82

39

Table 3.3.2. Type R thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

J

c

OC

720

6978.87

11.933

721

6990.80

11.938

722

7002.74

11.943

723

7014.69

11.948

724

7026.64

11.953

725

7038.59

11.957

726

7050.55

11 .962

727

7062. 52

11 .967

728

7074.49

11.972

729

7086.46

11.977

730

7098.44

11.981

731

7110.43

11.986

732

7122.41

11.991

733

7134.41

11 .996

734

7146.41

12.001

735

7158.41

12.005

736

7170.42

12.010

737

7182.43

12.015

738

7194.45

12.020

739

7206.47

12.025

740

7218.50

12.029

741

7230.53

12.034

742

7242.56

12.039

743

72 54.61

12 • 044

744

7266.65

12.049

745

7278.70

12.053

746

7290.76

12.058

747

7302.82

12.063

748

7314.88

12.068

749

7326.95

12.072

750

7339.03

12.077

751

7351.11

12.082

752

7363.19

12.087

753

7375.28

12.091

754

7387.38

12.096

755

7399.47

12. 101

756

7411.58

12.106

757

7423.69

12.111

758

7435.80

12.115

759

7447,92

12. 120

760

7460.04

12.125

761

7472.17

12.130

762

7484.30

12. 134

763

7496.43

12 . 139

764

7508.58

12.144

dS/dT T E

4.82

780

7703,48

4.82

781

7715,71

4.81

782

7727,93

4.81

783

7740 . 16

4.81

784

7752.40

4.81

785

7764,64

4.81

786

7776,89

4.81

787

7789, 14

4.80

788

7801 .39

4.80

789

7813.65

4.80

790

7825.91

4.80

791

7838.18

4.80

792

7850,46

4.80

793

7862.74

4. 79

794

7875,02

4.79

795

7887.31

4.79

796

7899.60

4.79

797

7911.90

4.79

798

7924.20

4.79

799

7936.50

4.79

800

7948 . 82

4.78

801

7961. 13

4.78

802

7973.45

4.78

803

7985.78

4.78

804

7998.11

4.78

805

8010. 44

4.78

806

8022.78

4.77

807

8035. 13

4.77

808

8047.47

4.77

809

8059.83

4,77

810

8072. 19

A. 77

811

8084.55

4.77

812

8096,92

4,76

813

8109,29

4,76

814

8121,67

4.76

815

8134,05

4.76

816

8146.43

4.76

817

8158.82

4.76

818

8171.22

4.75

819

8183.62

4.75

820

8196.02

4.75

821

8208.43

4,75

822

8220.85

4,75

823

8233.27

4,75

824

8245.69

c
o

AG /AT

1

uV/'C

nV/'C^

"C

12,220

4.72

840

12,224

4.72

841

12,229

4.72

842

12,2 34

4.72

843

12.238

4.71

844

12.243

4.71

845

12.248

4.71

846

12,253

4.71

847

12,257

4.71

848

12,262

4.71

849

12,267

4.70

850

12,271

4.70

851

12,276

4.70

852

12,281

4.70

853

12,285

4.70

854

12.290

4.70

855

12.295

4.69

856

12.300

4.69

857

12,304

4.69

858

12,309

4.69

859

12,314

4.69

860

12,318

4.69

861

12,323

4.69

862

12,328

4 • 68

863

12,332

4.68

864

12,337

4.68

865

12,342

4.68

866

12,346

4.68

867

12,351

4.68

868

12,356

4.67

869

12,360

4.67

870

12,365

4.67

871

12,370

4.67

872

12 , 374

4.67

873

12,379

4.67

874

12,384

4,66

875

12,388

4,66

876

12,393

4,66

877

12,398

4,66

878

12.402

4,66

879

12.407

4,66

880

12.412

4,65

881

12.416

4,65

882

12.421

4,65

883

12.426

4,65

884

C.

s

dS/dT

8445,09

12.500

4,62

8457,60

12,504

4,62

8470,10

12,509

4,62

1 2 • 5 14

4,62

8495,13

12.518

4,62

8507,65

12.523

4,62

8520,18

12.528

4,61

8532,71

12,532

4,61

8545 ,24

12, 537

4,61

8557,78

12,541

4,61

8570,32

12.546

4,61

8582,87

12.551

4,61

8595,42

12.555

4,60

8607,98

12. 560

4 • 60

8620,54

12,564

4,60

8633,11

12.569

4,60

8645,68

12,574

4,60

8658,26

12,578

4,60

12 • 583

4.59

8683,42

12,587

4.59

8696,01

12.592

4.59

8708,61

12.597

4.59

8721,21

12.601

4.59

L c. • oyjo

4 • 5 9

8746,42

12.610

4.59

8759,03

12.615

4.58

8771,65

12.620

4.58

8784,27

12,624

4.58

12 , 629

4.58

8809,53

12.633

4.58

8822.16

12.638

4.58

8834.80

12.642

4,57

8847.45

12.647

4.57

fl R A n in
0 00 u • 1 u

12.652

4.57

8872.75

12.656

4.57

8885.41

12,661

4.57

8898.07

12.665

4.57

8910.74

12,670

4.56

8923.41

12.674

4.56

8936.09

12,679

4.56

8948.77

12,684

4.56

8961.46

12.688

4.56

8974.15

12.693

4.56

8986.84

12.697

4.55

8999.54

12.702

4.55

765

7520.72

12. 149

4.74

766

7532.87

12.153

4.74

767

7545.03

12.158

4.74

768

7557.19

12.163

4.74

769

7569.35

12.167

4.74

770

7581.52

12.172

4.74

771

7593.70

12.177

4.74

772

7605.88

12.182

4.73

773

7618.06

12.186

4.73

774

7630.25

12. 191

4.73

775

7642.44

12.196

4.73

776

7654,64

12.201

4.73

777

7666.85

12.205

4.73

778

7679.05

12.210

4.72

779

7691.27

12.215

4.72

780

7703.48

12.220

4.72

825

8258.12

12.430

4.65

826

8270.55

12.435

4.65

827

8282,99

12.440

4.64

828

8295,43

12.444

4.64

829

8307,88

12.449

4.64

830

8320,33

12.454

4.64

831

8332,78

12.458

4.64

832

8345,24

12.463

4.64

833

8357,71

12.467

4.64

834

8370,18

12,472

4.63

835

8382.65

12,477

4.63

836

8395.13

12,481

4.63

837

8407.62

12,486

4.63

838

8420. 10

12.491

4.63

839

8432.60

12.495

4.63

840

8445.09

12.500

4.62

885

9012.24

12.706

4.55

886

9024.95

12.711

4.55

887

9037.67

12.715

4.55

888

9050.38

12.720

4.55

889

9063.11

12,724

4.54

890

9075.83

12.729

4.54

891

9088.56

12.734

4.54

892

9101.30

12.738

4.54

893

9114.04

12.743

4.54

894

9126.79

12.747

4.54

895

9139.54

12.752

4.54

896

9152.29

12,756

4.53

897

9165.05

12.761

4.53

898

9177.81

12.765

4.53

899

9190.58

12.770

4.53

900

9203.35

12.774

4.53

40

Table 3.3.2. Type R thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C— Continued

T

•c

E

s

/iV/°C

dS/dT

900
901
902
903
904

9203.35

9216. 13

Q "7 1 a on
y ^ o . V i

9241.69

9254,48

12.774
12,779
12,783
12.788
12.792

4.53
4.53
4.52
4.52
4.52

905
906
Q n 7
908
909

9267.28
9280.08
9292 .88
9305.69
9318.50

12.797
12.802

J. ^ • 0 u o

12.811
12,815

4.52
4.52

t • -5 ^

4.51
4.51

910
911
912
913
914

9331.32
9344.14
93 56.97
9369.80
9382.63

12,820
12,824
X » o c. y
12,833
12,838

4.51
4.51

Zl ^1

H- . :3 i
4.51
4.50

915
916
917
918
919

9395.47
9408.32
942 1.17
9434.02
9446.88

12.842
12.847
12.851
12.856
12.860

4.50
4.50

*+ « D u

4.50
4,50

920
921
922
923
924

9459,74
9472.61
948 5 .48
9498.36
9511.24

12,865
12,869
12 , 874
12,878
12,883

4.49
4.49
4.49
4.49
4.49

925
926
92 7
928
929

9524.12
9537.01
9549.90
9562.80
9575.71

12,887
12,892
12 , 896
12.901
12.905

4.49
4.49
4 • 4 8
4.48
4.48

930
931
932
933
934

9588.61
9601.52
9614,44
9627.36
9640.29

12.909
12.914
12.918
12.923
12.927

4.48
4,48
4,48
4.47
4.47

935
936
937
938
939

9653.22
9666.15

O A "7 O AO

9692,03
9704.98

12.932
12.936
12.941
12.945
12.950

4.47
4.47
4 . 47
4.47
4.46

940
941
y+c
943
944

9717.93
9730.89
9 7 A 3 • 8 5
9756.81
9769.78

12 .954
12.959
12.963
12.968
12.972

4.46
4.46
4 • 46
4,46
4,46

945
946
9^7
948
949

9782.76
9795,74

Q ft fi fi 7 9

9821,71
9834,70

12.976
12.981

7 9 Q ft R

12.990
12,994

4,45
4.45

4.45
4.45

950
951
952
953
954

9847,70
9860,70
9 873,70
9886,71
9899,73

12,999
13,003
1 3 • 00 8
13,012
13,017

4.45
4.44
4 . 44
4.44
4.44

955
956
957
958
959

9912.74
9925,77
9938.80
9951.83
9964.86

13,021
13.025
13.030
13.034
13.039

4.44
4.44
4.44
4.43
4.43

960

9977.90

13.043

4.43

T
"C

E

s

dS/dT

960
961
962
963
964

9977.90
9990.95

i UUUq- • UU
10017.05
10030.11

13.043
13.048

13.056
13.061

4.43
4.43
4 • 4 3
4.43
4.42

965
966
967
968
969

10043.18
10056.24
10069 .32
10082.39
10095.47

13,065
13.070
13 . 074
13.079
13,083

4.42
4.42
4.42
4.42
4.42

970
971
972
973
974

10108.56
10121.65
10134. 74
10147.84
10160,94

13.087
13,092
13,096
13, 101
13,105

4.41
4.41
4.41
4.41
4.41

975
976
977
978
979

10174,05
10187, 16
1 0700 . 28
10213,40
10226,52

13. 109
13.114
13.118
13.123
13,127

4.41
4.40
4 . 40
4.40
4.40

980
981
982
983
984

10239,65
10252,78
10265 ,92
10279,07
10292.21

13,131
13.136
13.1 40
13.146
13.149

4.40
4.40
4.39
4.39
4.39

985
986
987
988
989

10305,36
10318,52

10344.84

10358.01

13.153
13. 158

J- J • ± D c

13. 167
13.171

4.39
4.39

4*39
4.39
4.38

990
991
992
993
994

10371.18
10384.36
iU3y / , 54
10410,73
10423.92

13.175
13. 180
13. 184
13.188
13.193

4.38
4.38
4.38
4.38
4.38

995
996

O 0*7

998
999

10437,12
10450,32

10476,73
10489.94

13.197
13.202

13.210
13.215

4.37
4.37

4.37
4.37
4.37

1000
1001
1002
1003
1004

10503.16
10516.38

10542.83
10556.07

13.219
13.223
13.228
13.232
13.236

4.37
4.36
4,36
4,36
4,36

1005
1006
1007
1008
1009

10569.31
10582,55

10609.05
10622.30

13.241
13.245
13.250
13.254
13.258

4,36
4,36
4,35
4,35
4,35

1010
1011
1012
1013
1014

10635.57
10648.83

10675.37
10688,65

13,263
13,267

1 . ■? 7 1

^ D • tl f i.

13,276
13.280

4,35
4,35
4,35
4,34
4,34

1015
1016
1017
1018
1019

10701.93
10715.22
10728.51
10741.81
10755.10

13.284
13.289
13.293
13.297
13.302

4,34
4.34
4.34
4.34
4.34

1020

10768.41

13.306

4.33

T E S dS/dT

1020

10768.41

13.306

4.33

1021

10781.72

13.310

4.33

1022

10795.03

13.315

4.33

1023

10808.35

13.319

4.33

1024

10821.67

13.323

4.33

1025

10834.99

13.328

4.33

1026

10848.32

13.332

4.32

1027

10861.66

13.336

4.32

1028

10875.00

13.341

4.32

1029

10888.34

13.345

4.32

1030

10901.69

13.349

4.32

1031

10915.04

13.354

4.32

1032

10928.39

13.358

4.31

1033

10941.75

13.362

4.31

1034

10955.12

13.367

4.31

1035

10968.49

13.371

4.31

1036

10981.86

13.375

4.31

1037

10995.24

13.379

4.31

1038

11008.62

13.384

4.30

1039

11022.00

13.388

4.30

1040

11035.39

13.392

4,30

1041

11048.79

13.397

4,30

1042

11062.19

13.401

4,30

1043

11075.59

13.405

4,30

1044

11089.00

13.410

4,29

1045

11102.41

13.414

4,29

1046

11115.83

13.418

4,29

1047

11129.25

13.422

4,29

1048

11142.67

13.427

4,29

1049

11156.10

13.431

4,29

1050

11169.53

13.435

4,29

1051

11182.97

13.440

4,28

1052

11196.41

13.444

4,28

1053

11209.86

13.448

4,28

1054

11223.31

13.452

4,28

1055

11236.76

13,457

4,28

1056

11250.22

13.461

4.28

1057

11263.68

13.465

4.27

1058

11277.15

13.470

4.27

1059

11290.62

13.474

4.27

1060

11304.10

13.478

4.27

1061

11317.58

13.482

4.27

1062

11331.06

13.487

4.27

1063

11344.55

13.491

4.26

1064

11358.05

13.495

4.26

1065

11371.54

13.499

3.81

1066

11385.04

13. 503

3.80

1067

11398.55

13.507

3.78

1068

11412.06

13.511

3.77

1069

11425.57

13.514

3 .76

1070

11439.09

13.518

3.75

1071

11452.61

13.522

3 .74

1072

11466.13

13,526

3.73

1073

11479.66

13.529

3.71

1074

11493,19

13.533

3.70

1075

11506.72

13.537

3.69

1076

11520,26

13.540

3 .68

1077

11533.80

13. 544

3 .67

1078

11547.35

13.548

3.66

1079

11560.90

13.551

3.64

1080 11574.45 13.555 3.63

41

Table 3.3.2. Type R thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 ° C— Continued

T

1

°C

2

H<5 /iHT
u 0 / u 1

1080
1081
1082
108 3
1084

11574.45
11588.01
11601.57
11615. 13
11628.70

13.555
13.559
13.562
13.566
13.569

3.63
3.62
3.61

3.59

1085
1086
1087
1088
1089

11642.27
11655.85
11669.43

11696.59

13.573
13.577
13.580
13.584
13.587

3.58
3.56
3.55

3.53

1090
1091
1092
1093
1094

11710.18
11723.78
11737.37

11764.57

13.591
13.594
13.598
13.601
13.605

3.52
3.51
3.49

3 . A- 8

3.47

1095
1096
1097
1098
1099

11778.18
11791.79
11805.40

11832.64

13.608
13.612
13.615
13.618
13.622

3.46
3.45
3.44
3.42
3.41

1100
1101
1102
1103
1104

11846.26
11859.89
11873.52
11887.15
11900.79

13.625
13.629
13.632
13.635
13.639

3.40
3.39
3.38
3.37
3.35

1105
1106
1107
1108
1109

11914.43
11928.08
11941.72
11955.37
11969.03

13.642
13.646
13.649
13.652
13.655

3.34
3.33
3.32
3.31
3.30

1110

nil

1112
1113
1114

11982.69
11996.35
12010.01

12037.35

13.659
13.662
13.665
13. 669
13.672

3.29
3.27
3.26

3.24

1115
1116
1117
1118
1119

12051.02
12064.70
12078.38

12105.75

13.675
13.678
13.681
13.685
13.688

3.23
3.22
3.20

3. 18

1120
1121
1122
1 1 ^1 3
1124

12119.43
12133.13
12146.82
12160.52
12174.22

13.691
13.694
13.697
13 . 700
13.704

3.17
3. 16
3.15
3.13
3.12

1125
1126
1127
112 8
1129

12187.93
12201 .64
12215.35

122^2.78

13.707
13.710
13.713
13.716
13.719

3.11
3.10
3.09
3.08
3.06

1130
1131
1132
1133
1134

12256.50
12270.23
12283.95

17907 A R

1^*17 1 »DO

12 3 3 1.41

13.722
13.725
13.728

1 -> • 1 J 1

13.734

3,05
3.04
3.03

J •V d.

3.01

1135
1136
1137
1138
1139

12325.15
12338.89
12352.63
12366.38
12380. 12

13.737
13.740
13.743
13.746
13.749

3.00

2.98
2.97
2.96
2.95

1140

12393.87

13.752

2.94

1

°c

2

UO/ 0 1

1140
1141
1142

1 1 *+ J

1144

12393.87
12407.63
12421.38

1 0 A Q C 1 A
l<ltJ5-J.lH

12448.91

13.752
13.755
13.758

13.764

2.94
2.93
2.91

2.90
2.89

1145
1146
1147
1148
1149

12462.67
12476.44
12490.21

12517.76

13.767
13.770
13.772

1 -5 77 c;

1 J . / ID

13.778

2.88
2.87
2.86
2 . 84
2.83

1150
1151
1152

J. 1 P J

1154

12531.54

12545.32
12559.11

12586.69

13.781
13.784
13.787

1 -a 7 fi 0
1 J • / 0 V

13.792

2.82
2.81

2.80

9 70

2.77

1155
1156
1157
1158
1159

12600.48
12614.28
12628.07
1 ? fsh 1 - Aft
12655.68

13.795
13.798
13.800
13.803
13.806

2.76
2.75
2.74
2.73
2.72

1160
1161
1162
1163
1164

12669.49
12683.30
12697. 11
12710.93
12724.74

13.809
13.811
13.814
13.817
13.819

2.71
2.69
2.68
2 .67
2.66

1165
1166
1167
1168
1169

12738.56
12752.39
12766.21
12780.04
12793.87

13.822
13.825
13.827
13.830
13.832

2.65
2 .64
2.62
2.61
2.60

1170
1171
1172
1173
1174

12807.71
12821.54
12835.38
1 2 849 .22
12863.07

13.835
13.838
13.840
13 . 843
13.845

2.59
2.58
2.57
2.55
2.54

1175
1176
1177

1 X 1 0

1179

12876.91
12890.76
12904.61

1 0 Q 1 Q A 7

12932.32

13.848
13.850
13.853
13.855
13.858

2.53
2.52
2.51
2.50
2.48

1180
1181
1182
118 3
1184

12946. 18
12960.04
12973.91

1 0 0 Q 7 7 Q

13001.64

13.860
13.863
13.865
13.868
13.870

2.47
2 .46
2.45
2.44
2.43

1185
1186
1187
1188
1189

13015.52
13029.39
13043.27
13Ut> f . 14
13071.02

13.873
13.875
13.877
13.880
13.882

2.42
2.40
2.39
2.38
2.37

1190
1191
1192
1 193
1194

13084.91
13098.79
13112.68
13126. 57
13140.46

13.884
13.887
13.889
13.891
13.894

2.36
2.35
2.33
2.32
2.31

1195
1196
1197
1198
1199

13154.36
13168.26
13182.16
13196.06
13209.96

13.896
13.898
13.901
13.903
13.905

2.30
2.29
2.28
2.26
2.25

1200

13223.87

13.907

2.24

T

E

s

dS/dT

"C

U.WC

1200

13223.87

13.907

2.24

1201

13237.78

13.910

2.23

1202

13251.69

13.912

2.22

1 7 n

13.914

2.21

1204

13279.52

13.916

2.19

1205

13293.43

13.918

2.18

1206

13307.35

13.921

2.17

1207

13321.27

13.923

2 . 16

1208

13335.20

13.925

2.15

1209

13349.12

13.927

2.14

1210

13363.05

13,929

2.12

1211

13376.98

13.931

2.11

1212

13390.92

13,933

2.10

1213

13404.8 5

13,936

2.09

1214

13418.79

13,938

2.08

1215

13432.73

13,940

2.07

1216

13446.67

13,942

2.06

1217

13460.61

13.944

2.04

1 9 1 R

13474. 55

1 0 A A

<i . U J

1219

13488.50

13.948

2.02

1220

13502.45

13.950

2.01

1221

13516.40

13.952

2.00

1222

13530.35

13.954

1.99

J. DD . ^ 1

1 OAA

1 Q7

1224

13558.27

13,958

1.96

1225

13572.22

13.960

1.95

1226

13586.19

13,962

1 .94

1227

13600. 15

13.964

1 .93

122 8

13614.11

13.966

1 0 ?
1 . 7^1

1229

13628.08

13.968

1.90

1230

13642.05

13.969

1.89

1231

13656.02

13.971

1.88

1232

13669.99

13,973

1 .87

1233

1 A D a OA

1 "a Q 7

1.86

1234

13697.94

13.977

1.85

1235

13711.92

13,979

1.83

1236

13725.90

13,981

1.82

1237

13739.88

13.982

1.81

1238

13753.86

13,984

1 . 80

1239

13767.85

13,986

1 .79

1240

13781.83

13,988

1 .78

1241

13795.82

13,990

1.77

1242

13809.81

13,991

1.75

1243

13823 .81

13, 993

1 . 74

1244

13837.80

13,995

1.73

1245

13851.80

13,997

1.72

1246

13865.79

13.998

1 .71

1247

13879.79

14.000

1.70

1248

13893 .79

14.002

1.68

1249

13907.80

14.003

1.67

1250

13921.80

14.005

1 .66

1251

13935.81

14.007

1 .65

1252

13949.81

14.008

1 .64

1253

13963.82

14.010

1.63

1254

13977.83

14.012

1,61

1255

13991.85

14.013

1.60

1256

14005.86

14.015

1.59

1257

14019.87

14.016

1.58

1258

14033.89

14.018

1.57

1259

14047.91

14.019

1.56

1260 14061.93 14.021 1.54

42

Table 3.3.2. Type R thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, SfT), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

1

c
C.

c

1260

14061.93

1261

14075.95

1262

14089.98

1263

14104.00

1264

126 5

14132.05

1266

14146.08

1267

14160. 1 1

1268

14 174 . 15

1269

14188. 18

1270

14202.22

1271

14216.25

1272

14230.29

1273

14244. 33

1274

14258.37

1275

14272.41

1276

14286.46

1277

14300.50

1278

143 14.5 5

1279

14328.60

1280

14342 . 64

1281

14356.69

1282

14370.75

1283

1 9 p Zl
i ^ 0 H

1 /. -a q Q Q c
XM--370.09

1 9 D c^

1286

14426.97

1287

14441.02

1 9 p Q

1 /. Zl ^^ A R

1 9 R Q

1 A/. AO 1 A

1290

14483 .20

1291

14497.27

1292

14511.33

1293

14525.40

1294

14539.46

1295

14553.53

1296

14567.60

1297

14581.67

1298

14595.74

1299

14609.81

1300

14623.88

1301

14637.96

1302

14652.03

1303

14666.11

1304 14680.19

1305 14694.26

1306 14708.34

1307 14722.42

1308 14736.50

1309 14750.59

1310 14764.67

1311 14778.75

1312 14792.84

1313 14806.93

1314 14821.01

1315 14835.10

1316 14849.19

1317 14863.28

1318 14877.37

1319 14891.46

1320 14905.55

e

UO/ U 1

nv/ u

14.021

1.54

14.023

1.53

14.024

1.52

14.026

1.51

14.027

1.50

14.029

1.49

14.030

1.48

14.032

1.46

14.033

1.45

14.034

1 .44

14.036

1.43

14.037

1.42

14.039

1.41

14.040

1.39

14.042

1.38

14.043

1.37

14.044

1.36

14.046

1.35

14.047

1.34

14,048

1.32

14.050

1.31

14.051

1.30

14.052

1.29

14.0 53

1.28

14.055

1 9 7

14.056

1.25

14.057

1.24

14.058

1.23

X H . U D u

1-99

14.061

1.21

14.062

1.20

14.063

1.19

14.065

1.17

14.066

1.16

14.067

1.15

14.068

1.14

14.069

1.13

14.070

1.12

14 . 07 1

1.10

14.072

1.09

14.074

1,08

14.075

1.07

14.076

1.06

14.077

1.05

14.078

1.03

14.079

1.02

14.080

1.01

14.081

1.00

14.082

0.99

14.083

0.98

14.084

0.96

14.085

0.95

14.086

0.94

14.087

0.93

14.088

0.92

14.088

0.91

14.089

0.90

14.090

0.88

14.091

0.87

14.092

0.86

14.093

0.85

T

c

of*
V<

1320

14905 . 55

1321

14919.65

1322

14933.74

1323

14947.84

1324

14961 . 93

1325

14976 .03

1326

14990.13

1327

15004.22

1328

15018.32

1329

15032 .42

1330

15046.52

1331

15060.62

1332

15074. 73

1333

15088.83

1334

15102.93

1335

15117.04

1336

15131.14

1337

15145.25

1338

15159.35

1339

15173.46

1340

15187.56

1341

15201.67

1342

15215.78

1343

15229 .89

1 3 44

1 s 944 - no

1345

15258. 11

1346

15272.22

1347

15286.33

1348

15300.44

1349

15314.56

1350

15328.67

1351

15342.78

1352

15356. 9C

1353

15371.01

1354 15385.12

1355 15399.24

1356 15413.36

1357 15427.47

1358 15441.59

1359 15455.70

1360 15469.82

1361 15483.94

1362 15498.06

1363 15512.18

1364 15526.29

1365 15540.41

1366 15554.53

1367 15568.65

1368 15582.77

1369 15596.89

1370 15611.01

1371 15625.14

1372 15639.26

1373 15653.38

1374 15667.50

1375 15681.62

1376 15695.74

1377 15709.87

1378 15723.99

1379 15738.11

1380 15752.23

c

dS /dT

\lioC
fVt/ ^

nv/ \j

14.093

0.85

14.094

0.84

14.094

0.83

14.095

0.81

14.096

0.80

14.097

0.79

14.098

0.78

14.098

0.77

14.099

0.76

14. 100

0 . 74

14. 101

0.73

14.101

0.72

14. 102

0.71

14.103

0.70

14. 104

0.69

14.104

0.67

14.105

0.66

14. 106

0.65

14. 106

0.64

14. 107

0.63

14. 107

0.62

14. 108

0.60

14.109

0.59

14. 109

0.58

14.110

0.57

14.110

0.56

14.111

0.55

14.112

0.54

14.112

0.52

14. 1 13

0.51

14.113

0.50

14.114

0.49

14.114

0.48

14.115

0 .47

14.115

0.45

14.115

0.44

14. 116

0.43

14.116

0.42

14.117

0.41

14.117

0.40

14.117

0.38

14.118

0.37

14.118

0.36

14.119

0.35

14, 1 19

0.34

14,119

0.33

14, 120

0.31

14. 120

0.30

14. 120

0.29

14 , 120

0.28

14, 121

0.27

14.121

0.26

14.121

0.25

14.121

0.23

14.122

0.22

14.122

0.21

14.122

0,20

14.122

0,19

14.123

0,18

14.123

0.16

14.123 0.15

T
1

c

JL

K,

1380

15752.23

1381

15766.36

1382

15780.48

1383

15794.60

1384

15808.73

1385

15822 .85

1386

15836.97

1387

15851.10

1388

15865.22

1389

15879.34

1390

15893.47

1391

15907.59

1392

15921.71

1393

15935.84

1394

15949.96

1395

15964.09

1396

15978.21

1397

15992.33

1398

16006.46

1399

16020 . 58

1400

16034.71

1401

16048.83

1402

16062.95

1403

16077,08

1404

1 ftOQ 1-90

i. P .L . c. \J

1405

16105.32

1406

16119.44

1407

16133.57

1408

16147.69

1409

16161.81

1410

16175.94

1411

16190.06

1412

16204.18

1413

162 1 8 . 30

1414

16232.42

1415

16246 . 54

1416

16260.66

1417

16274.79

1418

16288 .91

1419

16303.03

1420

16317.15

1421

16331 .26

1422

16345.38

1423

16359.50

1424

16373.62

1425

16387. 74

1426

16401 .86

1427

16415 .97

1428

16430 .09

1429

1 6444 .21

1430

16458.32

1431

16472 .44

1432

16486.56

1433

16500.67

1434

16514.78

1435

16528.90

1436

16543.01

1437

16557.13

1438

16571.24

1439

16585.35

1440

16599.46

S dS/dT

/iV/°C nV/oC^

14.123 0.15

14.123 0.14

14.123 0.13

14.123 0.12

14.123 0.11

14.123 0.09

14.124 0.08
14.124 0.07
14.124 0.06
14.124 0.05

14.124 0.04

14.124 0.02

14.124 O.Ol

14.124 0.00

14.124 -0.01

14.124 -0.02

14.124 -0.03

14.124 -0.04

14.124 -0.06

14.124 -0.07

14.124 -0.08

14.123 -0.09

14.123 -0.10

14.123 -0.11

14.123 -0.13

14.123 -0.14

14.123 -0.15

14.123 -0.16

14.123 -0.17

14.122 -0.18

14.122 -0.20

14.122 -0.21

14.122 -0.22

14.122 -0.23

14.121 -0.24

14.121 -0.25

14.121 -0.27

14.121 -0.28

14.120 -0.29

14.120 -0.30

14.120 -0.31

14.119 -0.32

14.119 -0.33

14.119 -0.35

14,118 -0.36

14.118 -0.37

14.118 -0.38

14.117 -0.39

14.117 -0.40

14.116 -0.42

14.116 -0.43

14.116 -0.44

14.115 -0.45

14.115 -0.46

14.114 -0.47

14.114 -0.49

14.113 -0.50

14.113 -0.51

14.112 -0.52

14,112 -0.53

14.111 -0.54

43

Table

3.3.2. Type R thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S{T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C— Continued

T E

1440 16599.46

1441 16613.57

1442 16627.68

1443 16641.79
1^,44 16655.90

1445 16670.01

1446 16684.12

1447 16698.22

1448 16712.33

1449 16726.44

1450 16740.54

1451 16754.65

1452 16768.75

1453 16782.86

1454 16796.96

1455 16811.06

1456 16825.16

1457 16839.26

1458 16853.36

1459 16867.46

1460 16881.56

1461 16895.66

1462 16909.75

1463 16923.85

1464 16937.94

1465 16952.04

1466 16966.13

1467 16980.22

1468 16994.32

1469 17008.41

s

dS/dT

fjLy/ K,

2

nv/ 0

14. Ill

-0 . 54

14.111

-0.56

14.110

-0.57

14. 109

-0.58

14. 109

-0.59

14.108

-0.60

14.108

-0.61

14.107

-0.62

14. 106

-0.64

14.106

-0.65

14.105

-0.66

14. 104

-0.67

14. 104

-0.68

14. 103

-0.69

14.102

-0.71

14. 102

-0.72

14. 101

-0.73

14.100

-0.74

14.099

-0.75

14.099

-0.76

14.098

-0. 78

14.097

-0. 79

14.096

-0.80

14.096

-0.81

14.095

-0.82

14.094

-0.83

14.093

-0.85

14.092

-0.86

14.091

-0.87

14.090

-0.88

T E

1500 17444.73

1501 17458.79

1502 17'472.84

1503 17486.90

1504 17500.95

1505 17515.00

1506 17529.05

1507 17543.10

1508 17557.15

1509 17571.20

1510 17585.24

1511 17599.29

1512 17613.33

1513 17627.37

1514 17641.41

1515 17655.45

1516 17669.49

1517 17683.52

1518 17697.56

1519 17711.59

1520 17725.62

1521 17739.65

1522 17753.68

1523 17767.70

1524 17781.73

1525 17795.75

1526 17809.78

1527 17823.80

1528 17837.82

1529 17851.83

S dS /dT

fA//°C nV/°C^

14.058 -1.24

14.056 -1.25

14.055 -1.26

14,054 -1.27

14.053 -1.29

14.051 -1.30

14.050 -1.31

14.049 -1.32

14.047 -1.33

14.0^6 -1.34

14.045 -1.36

14.043 -1.37

14.042 -1.38

14.041 -1.39

14.039 -1.40

14.038 -1.41

14.036 -1.43

14.035 -1.44

14.033 -1.45

14.032 -1.46

14.030 -1.47

14.029 -1.48

14.028 -1.50

14.026 -1.51

14.025 -1.52

14.023 -1.53

14.021 -1.54

14.020 -1.55

14.018 -1.56

14.017 -1.58

T E

"C /iV

1560 18285.54

1561 18299.50

1562 18313.46

1563 18327.42

1564 18341.37

1565 18355.33

1566 18369.28

1567 18383.23

1568 18397.17

1569 18411.12

1570 18425.06

1571 18439.00

1572 18452.94

1573 18466.88

1574 18480.82

1575 18494.75

1576 18508.68

1577 18522.61

1578 18536.53

1579 18550.46

1580 18564.38

1581 18578.30

1582 18592.22

1583 18606.14

1584 18620.05

1585 18633.96

1586 18647.87

1587 18661.78

1588 18675.68

1589 18689.58

s

dS/dT

13,962

-1.94

13,960

-1.95

13.958

-1.96

13.956

-1.97

13.954

-1 .98

13.952

-1.99

13.950

-2.01

13.948

-2.02

13.946

-2,03

13.944

-2,04

13.942

-2,05

13.940

-2,06

13.938

-2.08

13.936

-2.09

13.934

-2.10

13.932

-2.11

13.930

-2 .12

13.928

-2.13

13,926

-2 . 14

13,923

-2.16

13.921

-2.17

13.919

-2 ,18

13.917

-2 .19

13.915

-2.20

13.913

-2.21

13.910

-2.23

13.908

-2.24

13.906

-2.25

13.904

-2.26

13.901

-2 .27

1470 17022.50

1471 17036.59

1472 17050.67

1473 17064.76

1474 17078.85

14.090 -0.89

14.089 -0.90

14.088 -0.92

14.087 -0.93

14.086 -0.94

1530 17865.85

1531 17879.86

1532 17893,88

1533 17907,89

1534 17921.90

14,015 -1,59

14.014 -1,60

14,012 -1.61

14.010 -1.62

14.009 -1.63

1590 18703.48

1591 18717.38

1592 18731.28

1593 18745.17

1594 18759.06

13.899 -2,28

13,897 -2.30

13.894 -2.31

13.892 -2.32

13.890 -2.33

1475

17092.93

1476

17107.02

1477

17121.10

1478

17135.18

1479

17149.27

1480

17163,35

1481

17177,43

1482

17191,50

1483

17205.58

1484

17219.66

14.085 -0.95

14.084 -0.96

14.083 -0.97

14.082 -0,98

14.081 -1.00

14,080 -1.01

14.079 -1,02

14,078 -1,03

14,077 -1,04

14.076 -1.05

1535 17935.90

1536 17949.91

1537 17963.92

1538 17977.92

1539 17991.92

1540 18005.92

1541 18019.92

1542 18033,91

1543 16047,91

1544 18061.90

14.007 -1.65

14.005 -1.66

14.004 -1,67

14,002 -1.68

14.000 -1.69

13.999 -1.70

13.997 -1.72

13.995 -1.73

13.994 -1.74

13.992 -1.75

1595 18772.95

1596 18786.84

1597 18800,72

1598 18814,60

1599 18828,48

1600 18842.36

1601 18856.23

1602 18870.10

1603 18883.97

1604 18897.84

13.887 -2,34

13,885 -2,35

13,883 -2,37

13.880 -2,38

13,878 -2,39

13,876 -2,40

13.873 -2,41

13,871 -2,42

13.868 -2.44

13.866 -2.45

1485 17233.73

1486 17247.81

1487 17261.88

1488 17275.95

1489 17290.03

14.075 -1.07

14.074 -1.08

14.073 -1.09

14.072 -1.10

14.071 -1.11

1545 18075.89

1546 18089.88

1547 18103.87

1548 18117.85

1549 18131.84

13.990 -1,76

13,988 -1,77

13.987 -1,79

13,985 -1.80

13.983 -1.81

1605 18911.71

1606 18925.57

1607 18939.43

1608 18953.29

1609 18967.14

13.863 -2.46

13.861 -2.47

13.859 -2.48

13.856 -2.49

13.854 -2.50

1490 17304.10

1491 17318.16

1492 17332.23

1493 17346.30

1494 17360.36

1495 17374.43

1496 17388.49

1497 17402.55

1498 17416.61

1499 17430.67

1500 17444.73

14.069 -1.12

14.068 -1.14

14.067 -1.15

14.066 -1.16

14.065 -1.17

14,064 -1,18

14,062 -1,19

14,061 -1,21

14.060 -1,22

14,059 -1.23

14.058 -1.24

1550 18145.82

1551 18159.80

1552 18173.78

1553 18187.75

1554 18201.73

1555 18215.70

1556 18229.67

1557 18243.64

1558 18257,61

1559 18271,57

1560 18285,54

13,981 -1,82

13,979 -1,83

13,977 -1,84

13,976 -1.85

13.974 -1.87

13.972 -1.88

13.970 -1.89

13.968 -1.90

13.966 -1.91

13.964 -1.92

13.962 -1.94

1610 18980.99

1611 18994.84

1612 19008.69

1613 19022.53

1614 19036.38

1615 19050.22

1616 19064.05

1617 19077.89

1618 19091.72

1619 19105.55

1620 19119.37

13.851 -2.52

13.848 -2.53

13.846 -2.54

13.843 -2.55

13.841 -2.56

13.838 -2.57

13.836 -2.59

13.833 -2.60

13.831 -2.61

13.828 -2.62

13.825 -2.63

44

Table 3.3.2. Type R thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C— Continued

T E
"C /iV

1620 19119.37

1621 19133.20

1622 19147.02

1623 19160.84

1624 19174.65

1625 19188.47

1626 19202.28

1627 19216.09

1628 19229.89

1629 19243.69

S dS/dT

13.825 -2.63

13.823 -2.64

13.820 -2.66

13.817 -2.67

13.815 -2.68

13.812 -2.69

13.809 -2.70

13.807 -2.71

13.804 -2.73

13.801 -2.74

T E
"C

1680 19943.67

1681 19957.30

1682 19970.92

1683 19984.54

1684 19998.15

1685 20011.76

1686 20025.37

1687 20038.96

1688 20052.55

1689 20066.14

S dS/dT

13.633 -5.16

13.627 -5.29

13.622 -5.43

13.617 -5.56

13.611 -5.70

13.605 -5.83

13.599 -5.96

13.593 -6.10

13.587 -6.23

13.581 -6.36

T E
"C

1740 20747.53

1741 20760.60

1742 20773.66

1743 20786.71

1744 20799.75

1745 20812.77

1746 20825.78

1747 20838.77

1748 20851.75

1749 20864.72

S dS/dT

/iV/'C nV/X^

13.082 -13.18

13.069 -13.32

13.056 -13.45

13.042 -13.59

13.029 -13.72

13.015 -13.85

13.001 -13.99

12.-587 -14.12

12.973 -14.25

12.958 -14.39

1630 19257.49

1631 19271.29

1632 19285.09

1633 19298.88

1634 19312.67

13.798 -2.75

13.796 -2.76

13.793 -2.77

13.790 -2.78

13.787 -2.79

1690 20079.71

1691 20093.28

1692 20106.85

1693 20120.41

1694 20133.96

13.574 -6.50

13.568 -6.63

13.561 -6.77

13.554 -6.90

13.547 -7.03

1750 20877.67

1751 20890.60

1752 20903.53

1753 20916.43

1754 20929.33

12.944 -14.52

12.929 -14.66

12.915 -14.79

12.900 -14.92

12.885 -15.06

1635 19326.45

1636 19340.23

1637 19354.01

1638 19367.79

1639 19381.57

1640 19395.34

1641 19409.11

1642 19422.87

1643 19436.64

1644 19450.40

13.784 -2.81

13.782 -2.82

13.779 -2.83

13.776 -2.84

13.773 -2.85

13.770 -2.86

13.767 -2.88

13.765 -2.89

13.762 -2.90

13.759 -2.91

1695

20147.50

1696

20161.04

1697

20174.57

1698

20188.09

1699

20201.60

1700

20215. 11

1701

20228.61

1702

20242. 10

1703

20255.58

1704

20269.06

13.540 -7.17

13.533 -7.30

13.526 -7.43

13.518 -7.57

13.511 -7.70

13.503 -7.84

13.495 -7.97

13.487 -8.10

13.479 -8.24

13.470 -8.37

1755 20942.20

1756 20955.06

1757 20967.91

1758 20980.74

1759 20993.56

1760 21006.36

1761 21019.14

1762 21031.91

1763 21044.66

1764 21057.40

12.870 -15.19

12.854 -15.32

12.839 -15.46

12.823 -15.59

12.808 -15.73

12.792 -15.86

12.776 -15.99

12.760 -16.13

12.744 -16.26

12.727 -16.39

1645 19464.15

1646 19477.91

1647 19491.66

1648 19505.41

1649 19519.15

1650 19532.90

1651 19546.64

1652 19560.37

1653 19574.11

1654 19587.84

1655 19601.56

1656 19615.29

1657 19629.01

1658 19642.73

1659 19656.44

1660 19670.16

1661 19683.87

1662 19697.57

1663 19711.27

1664 19724.97

1665 19738.67

1666 19752.36

1667 19766.05

1668 19779.74

1669 19793.42

13.756

-2.92

13.753

-2.93

13.750

-2.95

13.747

-2.96

13.744

-2.97

13.741

-2.98

13.738

-2.99

13.735

-3.00

13.732

-3.02

13.729

-3.03

13.726

-3.04

13.723

-3.05

13.720

-3.06

13.717

-3.07

13.714

-3.08

13.711

-3.10

13.708

-3.11

13.704

-3.12

13.701

-3.13

13.698

-3.14

13.695

-3.15

13.692

-3.29

13.688

-3.42

13.685

-3.56

13.681

-3.69

1705

20282.52

1706

20295.98

1707

20309.43

1708

20322.87

1709

20336.30

1710

20349.72

1711

20363.14

1712

20376.54

1713

20389.94

1714

20403.32

1715

20416.70

1716

20430.06

1717

20443.42

1718

20456.76

1719

20470. 10

1720

20483.42

1721

20496.73

1722

20510.04

1723

20523.33

1724

20536.61

1725

20549. 88

1726

20563.14

1727

20576.39

1728

20589.63

1729

20602.85

13.462 -8.50

13.453 -8.64

13.445 -8.77

13.436 -8.91

13.427 -9.04

13.418 -9.17

13.408 -9.31

13.399 -9.44

13.390 -9.57

13.380 -9.71

13.370 -9.84

13.360 -9.97

13.350 -10.11

13.340 -10.24

13.330 -10.38

13.319 -10.51

13.309 -10.64

13.298 -10.78

13.287 -10.91

13.276 -11.04

13.265 -11.18

13.254 -11.31

13.242 -11.45

13.231 -11.58

13.219 -11.71

1765 21070.12

1766 21082.82

1767 21095.51

1768 21108.17

12.711 -16.53

12.694 -16.66

12.678 -16.80

12.661 -16.93

1670 19807.10

1671 19820.78

1672 19834.45

1673 19848.12

1674 19861.78

1675 19875.44

1676 19889.10

1677 19902.75

1678 19916.39

1679 19930.03

1680 19943.67

13.678 -3.82

13.674 -3.96

13.670 -4.09

13.666 -4.22

13.661 -4.36

13.657 -4.49

13.652 -4.63

13.648 -4.76

13.643 -4.89

13.638 -5.03

13.633 -5.16

1730 20616.07

1731 20629.27

1732 20642.46

1733 20655.63

1734 20668.80

1735 20681.95

1736 20695.09

1737 20708.22

1738 20721.34

1739 20734.44

1740 20747.53

13.208 -11.85

13.196 -11.98

13.184 -12.11

13.171 -12.25

13.159 -12.38

13.147 -12.52

13.134 -12.65

13.121 -12.78

13.108 -12.92

13.095 -13.05

13.082 -13.18

45

Table 3.3.3. Thermoelectric values at the fixed points for Type R thermocouples

Temp.

E

S

dS/dT

Fixed point

°C

ixV

Mercury FP

-38

862

— 183

05

4

090

34.13

Ice Point

0

000

0

00

5

289

27.82

Ether TP

26

87

151

72

5

987

24.25

Water BP

100

000

647

23

7

476

16.98

Benzoic TP

122

37

818

57

7

837

15.31

Indium FP

156

634

1095

62

8

322

13.12

Tin FP

231

9681

1756

10

9

167

9.55

Bismuth FP

271

442

2125

04

9

517

8.19

Cadmium FP

321

108

2607

22

9

889

6.88

Lead FP

327

502

2670

59

9

933

6.74

Mercury BP

356

66

2962

99

10

121

6.16

Zinc FP

419

580

3611

34

10

479

5.31

Sulphur BP

444

674

3875

95

10

609

5.10

Cu-Al FP

548

23

5000

94

11

110

4.65

Antimony FP*

630

74

5933

08

11

477

4.08

Aluminum FP

660

37

6275

90

11

643

4.91

Silver FP

961

9o

10003

09

13

052

4.43

Gold FP*

1064

43

11363

85

13

497

4.26

Copper FP

1084

5

11635

49

13

571

3.58

Nickel FP

1455

16811

06

14

102

-0.72

Cnhfllt FP

1494

17360

36

14

065

— 1 . 17

Palladium FP

1554

18201

73

13

974

-1.87

Platinum FP

1767

6

21103

11

12

668

-16.88

*Junction point of different functions.

Table 3.3.4. Estimated maximum errors that occur when using reduced-bit arithmetic for the power series
expansion for the thermoelectric voltage of Type R thermocouples

Temperature range

Degree

Estimated maximum error

in microvolts

12 Bit

16 Bit

24 Bit

27 Bit

36 Bit

-50 to 200 °C

7

0.6

0.01

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

200 to 400 °C

7

2

0.03

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

400 to 631 °C

7

4

0.1

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

632 to 800 °C

3

3

0.2

<0.01

<0 01

<0.01

800 to 1064 °C

3

3

0.2

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

1065 to 1200 °C

3

6

0.4,

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

1200 to 1400 °C

3

7

0.5

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

1400 to 1665 °C

3

9

0.6

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

1666 to 1768 °C

3

50

4

0.02

<0.01

<0.01

46

4. TYPE B — Platinum-30% Rhodium Alloy Versus Platinum-
6% Rhodium Alloy Thermocouples

4.1. Material Specifications and Precautions

This type is often referred to by the nominal chem-
ical composition of its thermoelements — platinum —
30% rhodium versus platinum — 6% rhodium or
"30-6". The actual composition is somewhat different
however. The positive thermoelement, BP, is usually
a platinum alloy with 29.60 zt 0.2 wt% rhodium;
the negative thermoelement, BN, usually has 6.12 ±
0.02 wt% rhodium. The effect of differences in rho-
dium content are described later in this section. Be-
cause of its favorable characteristics, the 30-6 thermo-
couple has rapidly gained acceptance and become
widely used in this country. The Temperature Section
of the National Bureau of Standards, as requested by
the American Society for Testing and Materials, Com-
mittee E-20, prepared reference tables for the thermo-
couple to facilitate its use and calibration. Thermo-
couples were obtained from three manufacturers in
the United States and from one European manufac-
turer and were calibrated by conventional methods.
The results were published by Burns and Gallagher
[1966].

The 30-6 thermocouple was first introduced in
Europe by Degussa of Hanau, Germany. Reference
curves and tables were published for their thermo-
couple by Obrowski and Prinz [1962]. The values of
thermoelectric voltage were represented by a set of
cubic equations developed from typical values at vari-
ous thermometric fixed points. Differences between the
values given in this Monograph and the ones reported
by Obrowski and Prinz [1962] are given in the next
section.

Studies by Ehringer [1954], by Walker, Ewing, and
Miller [1962 and 1965], and by Glawe [1970] have
demonstrated that thermocouples in which both legs
are platinum-rhodium alloys are suitable for reliable
temperature measurements at high temperatures. Such
thermocouples have been shown to offer the following
distinct advantages over the more familiar Type S
{platinum — 10% rhodium versus platinum) and Type
R {platinum — 13% rhodium versus platinum) thermo-
couples at high temperatures: (1) improved stability,
(2) increased mechanical strength, and (3) higher
possible operating temperatures. In addition to the
pZa^mu/n-rhodium thermocouple combinations which
have standardized letter designations. Types S, R, and
B, there are two other infrequently used combinations:
platinum — 20% rhodium versus platinum — 5% rho-
dium, and platinum — 40% rhodium versus platinum —
20% rhodium, referred to respectively as 20-5 and
40-20 thermocouples. Reference tables for the 20-5
and 40-20 thermocouples (based on the TPTS^S)
were published by Bedford [1964 and 1965].

Of the three combinations where platinum-Thodium
alloys are used in the negative leg, the 30-6 thermo-
couple offers the most favorable overall characteristics
and is the only one with a standardized letter designa-
tion. Although the thermoelectric characteristics of

the 30-6 thermocouple and the 20-5 thermocouple are
similar, the 30-6 thermocouple offers a slightly greater
Seebeck coefficient at the higher temperatures and it
also has a somewhat higher tensile strength. Under
similar conditions of temperature and environment,
the 30-6 thermocouple shows less grain growth and
less drift in calibration than either Type S or Type R
thermocouples. Various physical properties of these
types of thermocouples are described in the ASTM
Manual STP 470 [1970] on the use of thermocouples.

The research by Burns and Gallagher [1966] indi-
cated that the 30-6 thermocouple can be used inter-
mittently (for several hours) up to 1800 °C and con-
tinuously (for several hundred hours) at temperatures
up to about 1750 °C with only small changes in cali-
bration. The maximum temperature limit for the
thermocouple is governed, primarily, by the melting
point of the Pt-6 percent Rh thermoelement which is
estimated to be about 1820 °C by Acken [1934]. The
thermocouple is most reliable when used in a clean
oxidizing atmosphere (air) but has also been used
successfully in neutral atmospheres or vacuum by
Walker et al. [1962], Hendricks and McElroy [1964],
Walker et al. [1965], and Glawe [1970]. The stability
of the thermocouple at high temperatures has been
shown by Walker et al. [1962] to depend, primarily,
upon the quality of the materials used for protecting
and insulating the thermocouple. High purity alumina
with low iron-content appears to be the most suitable
material available today for the purpose.

The ASTM Manual STP 470 [1970] indicates the
following restrictions on the use of Type B thermo-
couples at high temperatures:

They should not be used in reducing atmospheres,
nor those containing metallic or nonmetallic vapors,
unless suitably protected with nonmetallic protecting
tubes. They should never be inserted directly into a
metallic primary protecting tube.

At temperatures below 450 ° C the Seebeck coefficient
of Type B thermocouples becomes quite small and is
almost negligible in the normal room temperature
range. Consequently, in most applications the refer-
ence junction temperature of the thermocouple does
not need to be controlled or even known, as long
at it is between 0 and 50 °C. For example, as shown
by the reference tables, the voltage developed by the
thermocouple with the reference junction at 0 °C
undergoes a reversal in sign at about 43 °C, and
between 0 and 50 °C varies from a minimum of about
— 3 juV near 20 °C to a maximum of about 2 fiV at
50 °C. Therefore, in use, if the reference junction of
the thermocouple is within the range 0 to 50 °C, then
a 0 °C reference junction temperature can be assumed
and the error introduced will not exceed 3 fxY. At
high temperatures (above 1100 °C) an additional
error of 3 ju.V (about 0.3 °C) in the measurements
would be significant in most instances.

47

Burns and Gallagher [1966] found significant dif-
ferences in the purity of the p/cfmitm-rhodium thermo-
elements from the various manufacturers. Appreciable
amounts of Fe, Ir, Au, Pd, Si, and Al were detected
in some of the ptem«m-rhodium wires as well as small
traces of Ca, Mg, B, and Cu. The amounts of impuri-
ties varied significantly from wire to wire.

In order to study the effect of varying the rhodium
content of the alloys, Burns and Gallagher [1966]
measured the thermoelectric voltages of four wires
near 29.60 percent rhodium and of five wires near
6.12 percent rhodium. They calculated that a 0.1
percent change in the rhodium content of the platinum-
nominally 30% rhodium thermoelement produces a
corresponding change in the thermocouple voltage
of about 15 ijY at 1500 °C. In contrast a change of
only 0.01 percent in the rhodium content of platinum-
nominally 6% rhodium thermoelement also produces
a voltage change of about 15 jjY at this temperature.
In both cases, a decrease in the rhodium content de-
creases the thermoelectric voltage of that thermo-
element with respect to platinum.

The thermoelectric voltage of Type B thermocouples
is sensitive to their history of annealing, heat treat-
ment and quenching. Burns and Gallagher [1966]
recommend an electrical anneal in air for one hour at
about 1450 °C, followed by slow cooling. Calibration
of Type B wires above 1600 °C is undesirable in most
circumstances.

ASTM Standard E230-72 in the Annual Book of
ASTM Standards [1972] specifies that the standard
limits of error for Type B commercial thermocouples
be d= 1/2 percent between 871 and 1705 °C. Limits of
error are not specified for Type B thermocouples below
871 °C. The recommended upper temperature limit
for protected thermocouples, 1705 °C, applies to AWG
24 (0.5 mm) wire.

The information of Burns and Gallagher [1966],
after updating, can be summarized as follows:

(1) Nearly all 30-6 thermocouples produced by
manufacturers in this country will have thermoelectric
voltages that agree with the values given in this Mono-
graph to within the equivalent of ± 0.5 percent of the
temperature in the range 500 to 1800 °C and to within
± 15 /xV for temperatures below 500 °C.

(2) Calibration of a particular 30-6 thermocouple
at four points (about 600, 1064, 1300, and 1554 °C)
will be sufficient to construct a deviation curve from
the reference table such that the resulting calibration
will be accurate to within ± 6 ;u,V up to 1064 °C, the
equivalent of about ± 3 °C up to 1554 °C, and the
equivalent of about zt 5 °C above.

(3) Actual calibration of the thermocouple above
about 1600 °C is not recommended, since some in-
stability may result in the thermocouple. Values above
1600 °C may be accurately determined by extrapola-
tion.

(4) High purity alumina is recommended for insu-
lation and protection of the thermocouple but caution
should be, exercised at temperatures above about 1600
°C for errors introduced by the electrical conductance
of the insulators.

(5) The use of large diameter wires (at least 0.5
mm or AWG24) and larger size insulating tubes is
recommended for operating temperatures above 1500
or 1600 °C, so as to give the thermocouple added
strength and to minimize errors due to electrical
leakage.

(6) In most instances the reference junction tem-
perature need not be controlled since the emf and
thermoelectric power of the thermocouple at normal
room temperatures are very small.

4.2. Data Analyses and Comparisons

The fitting functions for Type B thermocouples are
based completely on original research data that had
been analyzed previously by Burns and Gallagher
[1966, 1970]. The values for single thermoelements
versus platinum were adjusted to be on the IPTS-68
and to be relative to the present platinum thermoelec-
tric reference standard, Pt-67. The differences between
Pt-67 and the former standard, Pt-27, are summarized
in section 1.2. The method of analysis was also dif-
ferent, of course. In particular, the method of "prin-
cipal points" and spline fitting was not used for com-
putations in this Monograph.

The data on the single thermoelements versus plat-
inum were considered more precise than those for
the total Type B combination. Therefore, data for the
separate single thermoelements were used in the fitting
procedures and the total combination was obtained by
direct subtraction of the BN values given in the tables
from the BP values. For all other thermocouple combi-
nations, the total voltage is obtained by addition of
functions for the two separate thermoelements. How-
ever, for the Type B thermocouples, both thermoele-
ments are positive with respect to Pt-67,

For the positive thermoelement, Pf-30% Rh (BP),
two wires were selected for fitting: Bl and B3 as de-
scribed in section 4 of the article by Bums and Galla-
gher [1966]. There were 59 experimental points be-
tween 24 and 1820 °C including three extrapolated
points above the highest temperature measured by
Burns and Gallagher [1966], 1750 °C. With an eight
term function, the standard deviation of the fit was
0.8 /.V.

Two different wires, also marked Bl and B3, were
used for fitting of the negative thermoelement, BN.
Again there were 59 experimental points, including
three extrapolated points above 1750 °C. With an
eight term function, the standard deviation of the fit
was 0.9 fiV.

The values for thermoelectric voltages given in this
Monograph were compared to those given in 20 cali-
brations (dated between 1967 and 1970) from the
Temperature Section of the National Bureau of Stand-
ards in Gaithersburg and to those quoted for two
other thermocouples investigated by Burns and Galla-
gher [1966]. In most cases the deviations were linear
in temperature and usually smooth, within the preci-
sion of the data. Deviations between values in this
Monograph and values reported by Burns and Galla-
gher [1966] for thermocouples A, B, and C are
shown in figures 4.2.1, 4.2.2, and 4.2.3, for Types B,

48

0.4

0.8 1.2
TEMPERATURE ,°C

1.6

2.0x10

0.8 1.2
TEMPERATURE, °C

2.0x10

Figure 4.2.1. Deviations in thermoelectric voltages of Type B
thermocouples — comparison of values given in this Mono-
graph to those given for thermocouples A, B, and C by Burns
and Gallagher il966].

Values from the previous publication are adjusted to the IPTS— 68. The
dashed lines indicate a deviation of 1°C.

Figure 4.2.2. Deviations of thermoelectric voltages of Type
BP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 — comparison of
values given in this Monograph to those given for thermo-
couple materials A, B, and C by Burns and Gallagher
U9661.

Values from the previous publication are adjusted to the IPTS— 68. The
dashed lines indicate a deviation of I °C.

Figure 4.2.3. Deviations of thermoelectric voltages of Type
BN thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 — comparison of
values given in this Monograph to those given for thermo-
couple materials A, B, and C by Burns and Gallagher [1966].

Values from the previous publication are adjusted to the IPTS— 68. The
dashed lines indicate a deviation of 1 °C.

BP, and BN, respectively. All values were adjusted
to the IPTS-68 scale.

Deviations between values given in this Monograph
and those given by Burns and Gallagher [1966] are

shown in figure 4.2.4. The earlier values were ad-
justed to the IPTS-68. The deviation curve indicates
differences caused by the different fitting techniques.
The width of the curve represents the round-off un-

49

TEMPERATURE , °C

Figure 4.2.4. Difference in thermoelectric voltages for Type B thermocouples — comparison of
values given in this Monograph to those from Burns and Gallagher [1966].

The width of the shaded curve indicates the round-off uncertainty in the previous tabular values. Values from the
previous publication are adjusted to the IPTS— 68. The dashed lines indicate a deviation of °C.

Table 4.2.1. Deviation in thermoelectric voltage
between tabular values in this Monograph and the
earlier Degussa calibration for Type B thermocouples

Deviation

Temp., °C

(NBS-Degussa), mV

500

- 5

600

- 3

700

- 0

800

- 0

900

- 2

1000

- 3

1100

- 4

1200

- 5

1300

- 7

1400

- 3

1500

+ 6

1600

+ 19

1700

+29

1800

+34

certainty (1 fN) in the tabular values quoted by
Burns and Gallagher [1966].

Deviations between values given in this Monograph
and those given by Obrowski and Prinz [1962] for
the Degussa calibration are tabulated in table 4.2.1.
The older values have been adjusted to be on the
IPTS-68.

4.3. Reference Functions and Tables for
Type B Thermocouples

The coefficients for the eighth degree expansion for
the thermoelectric voltage of Type B thermocouples
are given in table 4.3.1. The errors caused by using
reduced bit arithmetic for calculating values of the
functions are given in table 4.3.4.

The primary reference values for Type B thermo-
couples are given in table 4.3.2. Values at selected
fixed points are given in table 4.3.3. Graphs of the
thermoelectric voltage, its first derivative (Seebeck
coefficient), and second derivative are given in figures
4.3.1, 4.3.2, and 4.3.3, respectively.

50

Table 4.3.1. Power series expansion for the
thermoelectric voltage of Type B thermocouples

Tempera-

ture

range

Degree

Coefficients

Term

0 to

8

-2.4674601620 X lO"'

T

1820 "C

5,9102111169 X 10-3

-1.4307123430 X 10'^

2.1509149750 X lO"'

Ti

-3.1757800720 X lO'^^

2.4010367459 X IQ-'^

-9.0928148159 X lO"''

'p

1.3299505137 X 10""

,3

TEMPERATURE, °C

Figure 4.3.1. Thermoelectric voltage for Type B thermo-
couples.

The circles indicate values at various thermometric fixed points on the
lPTS-68.

TEMPERATURE, °C TEMPERATURE ."C

Figure 4.3.2. Seebeck coefficient for Type B thermocouples.

The circles indicate values at various thermometric fixed points on the
IPTS-68.

Figure 4.3.3. Second derivative of thermoelectric voltage for

Type B thermocouples.

The circles indicate values at various thermometric fixed points on the
IPTS-68.

51

Table 4.3.2. Type B thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions atO°C

T E S
•C ^V/'C

0 0.00 -0.247

1 -0.24 -0.235

2 -0.47 -0.223

3 -0.69 -0.211

4 -0.89 -0.200

5 -1.09 -0.188

6 -1.27 -0.176

7 -1.44 -0.164

8 -1.60 -0.152

9 -1.74 -0.141

10 -1.88 -0.129

11 -2.00 -0.117
X2 -2.11 -0.106

13 -2.21 -0.094

14 -2.30 -0.082

15 -2.38 -0.070

16 -2.44 -0.059
17, -2.49 -0.047
18 -2.53 -0.035
19. -2.56 -0.024

20 -2.58 -0.012

21 -2.59 -0,000

22 -2.58 0.011

23 -2.57 0.023

24 -2.54 0.035

25 -2.50 0.046

26 -2.44 0.058

27 -2.38 0.069

28 -2.31 0.081

29 -2.22 0.093

30 -2.12 0.104

31 -2.01 0.116
32- -1.89 0.127

33 -1.76 0.139

34 -1.61 0.151

35 -1.45 0.162

36 -1.29 0.174

37 -1.11 0.185

38 -0.92 0.197

39 -0.71 0.208

40 -0.50 0.220

41 -0.27 0.231

42 -0.04 0.243

43 0.21 0.254

44 0.47 0.266

45 0.74 0.277

46 ' 1.03 0.289

47 1.32 0.300

48 , 1.63 0.312
49. 1.94 0.323

5.0 2.27 0.335

51 2.61 0.346

52 2.96 0,357

53 3.33 0,369

54 3.70 0.380

55 4.09 0.392

56 4.48 0.403

57 4.89 0.415

58 5.31 0.426

59 5.75 0.437

60 6.19 0.449

dS/dT T E

11.82 60 6.19

11.81 61 6.64

11.80 62 7.11

11.79 63 7.59

11.79 64 8.07

11.78 65 8.57

11.77 66 9.09

11.76 67 9.61

11.75 68 10.14

11.75 69 10.69

11.74 70 11.24

11.73 71 11.81

11.72 72 12.39

11.71 73 12.98

11,71 74 13.58

11.70 75 14,20

11.69 76 14.82

11.68 77 15.46

11.67 78 16.10

11,67 79 16,76

11.66 80 17.43

11.65 81 18.11

11.64 82 18.80

11.64 83 19.51

11.63 84 20,22

11.62 85 20.95

11.61 86 21.69

11.61 87 22.43

11.60 88 23.19

11.59 89 23.96

11.58 90 24.75

11.58 91 25.54

11.57 92 26.34

11.56 93 27.16

11,56 94 27,99

11,55 95 28.82

11.54 96 29.67

11.54 97 30.53

11.53 98 31.41

11.52 99 32.29

11.51 100 33.18

11.51 101 34.09

11.50 102 35.00

11.49 103 35.93

11.49 104 36.87

11.48 105 37.82

11.47 106 38.78

11.47 107 39.75

11.46 108 40,74

11.45 109 41,73

11,45 110 42,74

11.44 111 43.75

11.44 112 -44.78

11.43 113 45.82

11.42 114 46.87

11.42 115 47.93

11.41 116 49.00

11.40 117 50.08

11.40 118 51.18

11.39 119 52.28

11.39 120 53.40

S dS/dT T

0.449 11.39 120

0.460 11,38 121

0.471 11,37 122

0.483 11.37 123

0.494 11.36 124

0.506 11.36 125

0.517 11.35 126

0.528 11.34 127

0.540 11.34 128

0.551 11.33 129

0.562 11.33 130

0.574 11.32 131

0.585 11.31 132

0,596 11.31 133

0.608 11.30 134

0.619 11,30 135

0,630 11,29 136

0.641 11.29 137

0.653 11.28 138

0.664 11.27 139

0.675 11.27 140

0.686 11,26 141

0,698 11.26 142

0.709 11.25 143

0,720 11,25 144

0.731 11.24 145

0.743 11.24 146

0.754 11.23 147

0.765 11,23 148

0,776 11.22 149

0,788 11.22 150

0,799 11.21 151

0.810 11.20 152

0,821 11,20 153

0.832 11.19 154

0.844 11.19 155

0.855 11.18 156

0.866 11.18 157

0.877 11.17 158

0.888 11.17 159

0.900 11.16 160

0.911 11,16 161

0,922 11.15 162

0,933 11,15 163

0.944 11,14 164

0.955 11,14 165

0.966 11.13 166

0.978 11.13 167

0.989 11.12 168

1.000 11.12 169

l.Oll 11.11 170

1.022 11.11 171

1.033 11.10 172

1.044 11.10 173

1.055 11.09 174

1.066 11.09 175

1,078 11,09 176

1.089 11.08 177

1,100 11.08 178

1.111 11.07 179

1.122 11.07 180

E S dS/dT

/iV /iV/°C nV/»C^

53.40 1.122 11.07
54.53 1.133 11.06
55.66 1.144 11.06
56.81 1.155 11,05
57.97 1.166 11.05

59.15 1.177 11.04

60.33 1.188 11.04

61.52 1.199 11.03

62.73 1.210 11,03

63,94 1,221 11.02

65.17 1.232 11.02

66.41 1.243 11.02
67.66 1.254 11,01
68.92 1,265 11,01
70.19 1,276 11.00

71,47 1.287 11.00

72.76 1.298 10.99

74.07 1.309 10.99

75.38 1.320 10.98
76.71 1.331 10.98

78.04 1.342 10.98

79.39 1.353 10.97
80,75 1.364 10.97

82.12 1.375 10,96
83,50 1.386 10.96

84.89 1.397 10,95

86,29 1,408 10.95

87.71 1.419 10,95

89.13 1.430 10.94
90.57 1,441 10.94

92.01 1.452 10.93

93.47 1.463 10.93

94.94 1.474 10.92

96.42 1.485 10.92
97.91 1.495 10.92

99.41 1.506 10.91

100.92 1.517 10.91
102.44 1.528 10.90

103.98 1.539 10.90
105.52 1.550 10.90

107.08 1.561 10.89

108.64 1.572 10.89

110.22 1.583 10.88
111.81 1.594 10.88
113.41 1.604 10.87

115.02 1.615 10.87

116.64 1.626 10,87

118.27 1.637 10.86

119,91 1.648 10.86

121.56 1.659 10.85

123.23 1.670 10.85
124.90 1.680 10.85
126.59 1,691 10.84
128.29 1.702 10.84

129.99 1.713 10,83

131,71 1.724 10.83

133.44 1.735 10,83

135.18 1.745 10.82

136.93 1.756 10.82
138.69 1,737 10,81

140.47 1,778 10.81

52

Table 4.3.2. Type B thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T E

"C fLV

180 140.47

181 142.25

182 144.04

183 145.85

184 147.66

185 149.49

186 151.33

187 153.18

188 155.04

189 156.91

190 158.79

191 160.68

192 162.58

193 164.49

194 166.41

195 168.35

196 170.29

197 172.25

198 174.22

199 176.19

200 178.18

201 180.18

202 182.19

203 184.21

204 186.24

205 188.28

206 190.33

207 192.40

208 194.47

209 196.55

210 198.65

211 200.76

212 202.87

213 205.00

214 207.14

215 209.29

216 211.44

217 213.61

218 215.80

219 217.99

220

220.19

221

222.40

222

224.62

223

226.86

224

229.10

225

231.36

226

233.62

227

235.90

228

238.19

229

240.48

230

242.79

231

245. 11

232

247.44

233

249.78

234

252.13

235

254.49

236

256.86

237

259.25

238

261.64

239

264.04

240

266.46

S dS/dT

1.778 10.81

1.789 10.81

1.799 10.80

1.810 10.80

1.821 10.79

1.832 10.79

1.843 10.79

1.853 10.78

1.864 10.78

1.875 10.77

1.886 10.77

1.897 10.77

1.907 10.76

1.918 10.76

1.929 10.75

1.940 10.75

1.950 10.75

1.961 10.74

1.972 10.74

1.983 10.74

1.993 10.73

2.004 10.73

2.015 10.72

2.025 10.72

2.036 10.72

2.047 10.71

2.058 10.71

2.068 10.70

2.079 10.70

2.090 10.70

2.100 10.69

2.111 10.69

2.122 10.69

2.132 10.68

2.143 10.68

2.154 10.67

2.165 10.67

2.175 10.67

2.186 10.66

2.196 10.66

2.207 10.65

2.218 10.65

2.228 10.65

2.239 10.64

2.250 10.64

2.260 10.64

2.271 10.63

2.282 10.63

2.292 10.62

2.303 10.62

2.314 10.62

2.324 10.61

2.335 10.61

2.345 10.61

2.356 10.60

2.367 10.60

2.377 10.59

2.388 10.59

2.398 10.59

2.409 10.58

2.419 10.58

T E

"C /iV

240 266.46

241 268.88

242 271.32

243 273.76

244 276.22

245 278.69

246 281.16

247 283.65

248 286.15

249 288.66

250 291.18

251 293.71

252 296.25

253 298.80

254 301.36

255 303.94

256 306.52

257 309.11

258 311.72

259 314.33

260 316.96

261 319.59

262 322.24

263 324.90

264 327.56

265 330.24

266 332.93

267 335.63

268 338.34

269 341.06

270 343.79

271 346.53

272 349.28

273 352.04

274 354.81

275 357.59

276 360.38

277 363.19

278 366.00

279 368.82

280 371.66

281 374.50

282 377.36

283 380.22

284 383.10

285 385.99

286 338.88

287 391.79

288 394.71

289 397.64

290 400.58

291 403.52

292 406.48

293 409.45

294 412.43

295 415.42

296 418.42

297 421.44

298 424.46

299 427.49

300 430.53

S dS/dT

2.419 10.58

2.430 10.58

2.441 10.57

2.451 10.57

2.462 10.56

2.472 10.56

2.483 10.56

2.493 10.55

2.504 10.55

2.515 10.54

2.525 10.54

2.536 10.54

2.546 10.53

2.557 10.53

2.567 10.53

2.578 10.52

2.588 10.52

2.599 10.51

2.609 10.51

2.620 10.51

2.630 10.50

2.641 10.50

2.651 10.50

2.662 10.49

2.672 10.49

2.683 10.48

2.693 10.48

2.704 10.48

2.714 10.47

2.725 10.47

2.735 10.47

2.746 10.46

2.756 10.46

2.767 10.45

2.777 10.45

2.787 10.45

2.798 10.44

2.808 10.44

2.819 10.43

2.829 10.43

2.840 10.43

2.850 10.42

2.860 10.42

2.871 10.42

2.881 10.41

2.892 10.41

2.902 10.40

2.912 10.40

2.923 10.40

2.933 10.39

2.944 10.39

2.954 10.38

2.964 10.38

2.975 10.38

2.985 10.37

2.996 10.37

3.006 10.36

3.016 10.36

3.027 10.36

3.037 10.35

3.047 10.35

T E
"C

300 430.53

301 433.58

302 436.65

303 439.72

304 442.80

305 445.90

306 449.00

307 452.12

308 455.24

309 458.38

310 461.52

311 464.68

312 467.84

313 471.02

314 474.21

315

477.40

316

480.61

317

483.83

318

487.06

319

490.29

320

493.54

321

496.80

322

500.07

323

503.35

324

506.64

325

509.94

326

513.25

327

516.57

328

519.90

329

523.24

330

526.59

331

529.95

332

533.32

333

536.71

334

540.10

335

543. 50

336

546.91

337

550.33

338

553.77

339

557.21

340

560.66

341

564.13

342

567.60

343

571.08

344

574.58

345

578.08

346

581.60

347

585.12

348

588.65

349

592.20

350

595.75

351

599.32

352

602.89

353

606.48

354

610.07

355

613.68

356

617.30

357

620.92

358

624.56

359

628.20

360

631.86

S dS/dT

3.047 10.35

3.058 10.35

3.068 10.34

3.078 10.34

3.089 10.33

3.099 10.33

3.109 10.33

3.120 10.32

3.130 10.32

3.140 10.31

3.151 10.31

3.161 10.31

3.171 10.30

3.182 10.30

3.192 10.29

3.202 10.29

3.212 10.29

3.223 10.28

3.233 10.28

3.243 10.27

3.254 10.27

3.264 10.27

3.274 10.26

3.284 10.26

3.295 10.25

3.305

10.25

3.315

10.25

3.325

10.24

3.336

10.24

3.346

10.23

3.356

10.23

3.366

10.23

3.377

10.22

3.387

10.22

3.397

10.21

3.407 10.21

3.417 10.21

3.428 10.20

3.438 10.20

3.448 10.19

3.458 10.19

3.468 10.19

3.479 10.18

3.489 10.18

3.499 10.17

3.509 10.17

3.519 10.17

3.529 10.16

3.540 10.16

3.550 10.15

3.560 10.15

3.570 10.14

3.580 10.14

3.590 10.14

3.600 10.13

3.611 10.13

3.621 10.12

3.631 10.12

3.641 10.12

3.651 10.11

3.661 10.11

)

53

Table 4.3.2. Type B thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T E
•C /tV

360 631.86

361 635.53

362 639.20

363 6^2.89

364 646.58

365 650.29

366 654.01

367 657.73

368 661.47

369 665.22

S dS/dT

/iV/'C nV/"C^

3.661 10.11

3.671 10.10

3.681 10.10

3.691 10.09

3.702 10.09

3.712 10.09

3.722 10.08

3.732 10.08

3.742 10.07

3.752 10.07

T E
•C /xV

420 869.57

421 873.83

422 878.11

423 882.39

424 886.68

425 890.99

426 895.30

427 899.63

428 903.96

429 908.30

S dS/dT

fiWC nV/'C^

4.260 9.85

4.270 9.84

4.279 9.84

4.289 9.83

4.299 9.83

4.309 9.82

4.319 9.82

4.329 9.81

4.338 9.81

4.348 9.80

T

E

•c

480

1142 .71

481

1 147 . 56

482

1152.41

483

1157.28

484

1162.16

485

1167.04

486

1171.94

487

1176.84

488

1181.75

489

1186.68

S dS/dT

4.842 9.56

4.852 9.56

4.861 9.55

4.871 9.55

4.880 9.54

4.890 9.54

4.899 9.54

4.909 9.53

4.919 9.53

4.928 9.52

370 668.98

371 672.74

372 676.52

373 680,31

374 684.10

375 687.91

376 691.73

377 695.56

378 699.39

379 703.24

3.762 10.06

3.772 10.06

3.782 10.06

3.792 10.05

3.802 10.05

3.812 10.04

3.822 10.04

3.832 10.03

3.842 10.03

3.852 10.03

430 912.66

431 917.02

432 921.39

433 925.77

434 930.17

435 934.57

436 938.98

437 943.40

438 947.83

439 952.27

4.358 9.80

4.368 9.80

4.378 9.79

4.387 9.79

4.397 9.78

4,407 9.78

4.417 9,77

4,427 9,77

4,436 9,76

4,446 9,76

490 1191,61

491 1196,55

492 1201.50

493 1206,47

494 1211,44

495 1216,42

496 1221,41

497 1226,41

498 1231,42

499 1236,43

4,938 9,52

4,947 9,51

4,957 9.51

4.966 9.50

4.976 9.50

4.985 9.49

4.995 9.49

5,004 9,48

5.014 9.48

5.023 9.47

380 707,10

381 710,97

382 714,84

383 718,73
354 722,63

385 726,54

386 730,45

387 734.38

388 738,32

389 742,27

3.862 10.02

3.872 10.02

3.882 10.01

3.892 10.01

3,902 10,00

3,912 10,00

3,922 10,00

3.932 9.99

3.942 9.99

3,952 9.98

440 956,73

441 961.19

442 965.66

443 970.14

444 974.63

445 979.13

446 983,64

447 988.16

448 992.68

449 997.22

4.456 9.75

4.466 9.75

4.475 9.74

4.485 9.74

4.495 9.74

4,505 9.73

4.514 9.73

4.524 9.72

4,534 9.72

4.543 9.71

500 1241.46

501 1246.50

502 1251.55

503 1256.60

504 1261.67

505 1266.74

506 1271.83

507 1276.92

508 1282.02

509 1287.14

5.033 9.47

5.042 9.46

5.051 9,46

5.061 9.45

5.070 9.45

5,080 9,44

5,089 9,44

5,099 9,43

5.108 9.43

5.118 9.42

390 746.22

391 750,19

392 754.17

393 758.15

394 762.15

395 766.16

396 770.18

397 774.20

398 778.24

399 782.29

400 786.35

401 790.41

402 794,49

403 798.58

404 802.67

405 806.78

406 810.90

407 815.02

408 819.16

409 823.31

410 827,46

411 831.63

412 835.80

413 839.99

414 844.18

415 848.39

416 852.61

417 856.83

418 861.07

419 865.31

420 869.57

3.962

9.98

3.972

9,97

3.982

9.97

3.992

9.97

4.002

9.96

4.012

9.96

4.022

9.95

4.032

9.95

4.042

9.94

4.052

9.94

4.062

9.93

4.072

9.93

4.082

9.93

4.092

9.92

4.102

9.92

4.112

9.91

4.122

9.91

4.131

9.90

4.141

9.90

4.151

9.89

4.161

9.89

4.171

9,89

4.181

9,88

4.191

9,88

4.201

9.87

4.211

9.87

4.220

9,86

4.230

9.86

4.240

9.85

4.250

9.85

4.260 9.85

450

1001.77

451

1006,33

452

1010,90

453

1015.47

454

1020.06

455

1024.66

456

1029.26

457

1033.88

458

1038.51

459

1043.14

460

1047.79

461

1052.44

462

1057. 11

463

1061.78

464

1066,46

465

1071,16

466

1075.86

467

1080.57

468

1085,29

469

1090.03

470

1094.77

471

1099,52

472

1104.28

473

1109.05

474

1113,83

475

1118.62

476

1123.42

477

1128.23

478

1133.05

479

1137.87

480

1142.71

4.553 9,71

4,563 9,70

4,573 9.70

4.582 9.69

4.592 9.69

4.602 9,68

4,611 9,68

4,621 9.67

4.631 9.67

4.640 9,66

4,650 9,66

4,660 9.66

4,669 9.65

4,679 9.65

4.689 9.64

4.698 9.64

4.708 9.63

4.717 9.63

4.727 9,62

4,737 9,62

4.746 9.61

4.756 9,61

4,766 9.60

4.775 9.60

4.785 9.59

4,794 9.59

4.804 9.58

4.813 9.58

4.823 9.57

4.833 9.57

4.842 9.56

510 1292.26

511 1297.39

512 1302.53

513 1307.68

514 1312.84

515 1318.01

516 1323.19

517 1328.38

518 1333.58

519 1338.78

520 1344.00

521 1349.22

522 1354.46

523 1359.70

524 1364.96

525 1370.22

526 1375.49

527 1380.77

528 1386.06

529 1391.37

530 1396.67

531 1401.99

532 1407.32

533 1412.66

534 1418.01

535 1423.36

536 1428.73

537 1434.10

538 1439.49

539 1444.88

540 1450.28

5.127

9.42

5. 136

9.41

5. 146

9.41

5. 155

9.40

5.165

9.40

5.174

9.39

5. 183

9.39

5. 193

9.38

5.202

9.38

5.211

9.37

5.221

9.37

5.230

9.36

5.240

9.36

5,249

9.35

5,258

9.35

5,268

9.34

5,277

9.34

5,286

9.33

5,296

9.33

5,305

9.32

5.314

9.32

5.324

9.31

5.333

9.31

5.342

9.30

5.351

9.30

5.361

9.29

5.370

9.29

5.379

9.28

5.389

9.28

5.398

9.27

5.407 9.27

54

Table 4.3.2. Type B thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C— Continued

T

E

»c

uV
r"

540

1450.28

541

1455.69

542

146 1.12

543

1466.55

544

1471.99

545

1477.43

546

1482.89

A 7

1 A R T A
1 *+ O o •

548

1493.84

549

1499.32

550

1504.82

551

1510.32

552

1515.83

553

1521.36

554

1526.89

555

1532.43

556

1537.98

557

1 54 3 » 54

558

1549.11

559

1554.69

560

1560.27

561

1565.87

562

1571.47

563

1577.09

564

1582.71

565

1588.34

566

1593.99

1 J 7 ? # DH-

568

1605.30

569

1610.97

570

1616.64

571

1622.33

572

1 62 8 ♦ 0 3

573

1633.73

574

1639.45

575

1645.17

576

1650.91

bll

1 A £^ i C.C.
± D ^ O • O -?

578

1662.40

579

1668.16

580

1673.93

581

1679.71

582

1 ^ 8 S - i.Q

J. O O J . H 7

583

1691.29

584

1697.09

585

1702.91

586

1708.73

587

1714. 57

588

1720.41

589

1726.26

590

1732.12

591

1737.99

592

1743.86

593

1749.75

594

1755.65

595

1761.55

596

1767.46

597

1773.39

598

1779.32

599

1785.26

600 1791.21

s

dS/dT

5.407
5.416
5.426
5.435
5.444

9.27
9.26
9.26
9.25
9.25

5.453
5.463

R A 7 ?

5.481

5.490

9.24
9.24

9.23
9.22

5.500
5.509

D • Z) lO

5.527
5.536

9.21
9.21
9.20
9.20
9.19

5.5A6
5.555
5 • 5 64
5.573
5.582

9.19
9.18
9 » 1 8
9.17
9.17

5.591
5.601
5.610
5.619
5.628

9.16
9.16
9.15
9.15
9.14

5.637
5.646

R ASS

5.665
5.674

9.14
9.13

Q 1
" • i J5

9.12
9.12

5.683
5.692

5.710
5.719

9. 11
9.11
9.10
9.10
9.09

5.728
5.737
5 . 747
5.756
5.765

9.09
9.08
9.08
9.07
9.07

5.774
5.783
5.792
5.801
5.810

9.06
9.05
9.05
9.04
9.04

5.819
5.828
5.837
5.846

5.855

9.03
9.03
9.02
9.02
9.01

5.864
5.873
5.882
5.891
5.900

9.01
9.00
9.00
8.99
8.99

5.909
5.918
5.927
5.936
5.945

8.98
8.98
8.97
8.97
8.96

5.954

8.96

T

E

"C

r' '

600

1791.21

601

1797.17

602

1803.13

603

1809. 11

604

1815.09

605

1821.09

606

1827.09

60 7

1 D -3 Q ^ 1 fl
1 O J D * J. U

608

1839.12

609

1845.15

610

1851.19

611

1857.24

A 1 "7
O L

1 o A Q Q n

loo ^ • 3^

613

1869.36

614

1875.44

615

1881.52

616

1887.61

617

1893.71

618

1899.82

619

1905.94

620

1912.07

621

1918.20

622

1924. 3 5

623

1930.50

624

1936.67

625

1942.84

626

1949.02

627

1955 .21

628

1961.41

629

1967.61

630

1973.83

631

1980.05

O D c.

1 986 #29

633

1992.53

634

1998.78

635

2005.04

636

2011.31

637

2017.59

638

2023.87

639

2030. 17

640

2036.47

641

2042.78

642

2049. 10

643

2055.43

644

2061.77

645

2068.12

646

2074.47

A/. 7

OH- I

A UoU • OH

648

2087.21

649

2093.59

650

2099.99

651

2106.38

652

2112.79

653

2119.21

654

2125.63

655

2132.07

656

2138.51

657

2144.96

658

2151.42

659

2157.89

660 2164.37

S dS /dT

5.954

8.96

5.963

8.95

5.972

8.95

5.981

8.94

5.990

8.93

5.999

8.93

6.008

8.92

6.016

8.92

6.025

8.91

6.034

8.91

6.043

8.90

6.052

8.90

6.061

8.89

6.070

8.89

6.079

8.88

6.088

8.88

6.096

8.87

6. 105

8.87

6.114

8.86

6. 123

8.86

6.132

8.85

6.141

8.84

6. 150

8.84

6.158

8.83

6.167

8.83

6. 176

8.82

6.185

8.82

6.194

8.81

6.203

8.81

6.211

8.80

6.220

8.80

6.229

8.79

6.238

8.79

6.247

8.78

6.255

8.78

6.264

8.77

6.273

8.77

6.282

8.76

6.290

8.76

6.299

8.75

6.308

8.74

6.317

8.74

6.325

8.73

6.334

8.73

6.343

8.72

6.352

8.72

6.360

8.71

6.369

8.71

6.378

8.70

6.386

8.70

6.395 8.69

6.404 8.69

6.412 8.68

6.421 8.68

6.430 8.67

6.438 8.66

6.447 8.66

6.456 8.65

6.464 8.65

6.473 8.64

6.482 8.64

T

E

•c

/IV

660

2164.37

661

2170.86

662

2177.35

663

2183.85

664

2190.37

665

2196.89

666

2203.41

A A 7
DO *

2 2 0 9 • 9 5

668

2216.50

669

2223.05

670

2229.62

671

2236.19

672

2242 . 77

673

2249.36

674

2255.96

675

2262.56

676

2269.18

677

2275 .80

678

2282.43

679

2289.07

680

2295.72

681

2302.38

682

683

2315.72

684

2322.41

685

2329.10

686

2335.80

687

688

2349.22

689

2355.95

690

2362 .68

691

2369.43

692

2376 . 1 8

693

2382.94

694

2389.71

695

2396.48

696

2403.27

A O 7

2410.06

698

2416.86

699

2423.67

700

2430.49

701

2437.32

7 n o

( U A

A*f Hh- •id

703

2451.00

704

2457.85

705

2464.71

706

2471.58

*7n "7
10 1

2478.46

708

2485.34

709

2492.24

710

2499.14

711

2506.05

712

2512.97

713

2519.90

714

2526.84

715

2533.78

716

2540.73

717

2547.70

718

2554.66

719

2561.64

720 2568.63

S dS/dT

6.482

8.64

6.490

8.63

6.499

8,63

6.508

8.62

6.516

8,62

6.525

8.61

6.533

8.61

6.542

8.60

6.551

8.60

6.559

8.59

6.568

8.59

6.576

8.58

6.585

8.57

6.594

8.57

6.602

8.56

6.611

8.56

6.619

8.55

6.628

8.55

6.636

8.54

6.645

8.54

6.653

8.53

6.662

8.53

6.670

8.52

6.679

8.52

6.687

8.51

6.696

8.51

6.705

8.50

6.713

8.49

6.721

8.49

6.730

8.48

6.738

8.48

6.747

8.47

6.755

8.47

6.764

8.46

6.772

8.46

6.781

8.45

6.789

8.45

6.798

8.44

6.806

8.44

6.815

8.43

6.823

8.43

6.831

8.42

6.840

8.41

6.848

8.41

6.857

8.40

6.865

8.40

6.873

8.39

6.882

8.39

6.890

8.38

6.899

8.38

6,907

8.37

6.915

8.37

6.924

8.36

6.932

8.36

6.940

8.35

6.949

8.35

6.957

8.34

6.965

8.33

6.974

8.33

6.982

8.32

6.990 8.32

55

Table 4.3.2. Type B thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 ° C— Continued

T E

"C /xV

720 2568.63

721 2575.62

722 2582.63

723 2589.64

724 2596.66

725 2603.68

726 2610.72

727 2617.77

728 2624.82

729 2631.88

730 2638.95

731 2646.03

732 2653.11

733

2660.21

734

2667.31

735

2674.42

736

2681.54

737

2688.66

738

2695.80

739

2702.94

740

2710.09

741

2717.25

742

2724.42

743

2731.60

744

2738.78

745

2745 . 98

746

2 753.18

747

2760.38

748

2767.60

749

2774.83

750

2782.06

751

2789.30

752

2796.55

753

2803.81

754

2811.08

755

2818.35

756

2825.63

757

2832.92

758

2840.22

759

2847.53

760

2854.84

761

2862.17

762

2869.50

763

2876.84

764

2884.18

765

2891.54

766

2898.90

767

2906.27

768

2913.65

769

2921.04

770

2928.44

771

2935.84

772

2943.25

773

2950.67

774

2958.10

775

2965.54

776

2972.98

777

2980.43

778

2987.89

779

2995.36

780 3002.84

s

dS/dT

.-.-.2

6 • 9 90

8 • 3 2

O • 7 7 7

A "^1
O • 3 i

7.007

8.31

7.015

8.30

7.024

8. 30

7.032

8.29

7 . 040

8.29

7.049

8.28

7.057

8.28

' . U D _J

8.27

7.073

8.27

7.082

8.26

7.090

8.25

7.098

8.25

7. 106

8.24

7.115

8,24

7.123

8.23

7.131

8.23

7. 139

8.22

7. 148

8.22

7.156

8.21

7.164

8.21

7. 172

8.20

7. 180

8.20

7 • 1 89

R TO
O • i V

(•171

7 one;

7.213

8.18

7.221

8.17

7 0 7 0

0 • i O

7.238

8.16

7 • 2^6

8 « 1 5

7^254

8.15

7.262

8. 14

7.270

8.14

7.278

8,13

7.286

8.13

7.295

8.12

7.303

8.12

7.311

8.11

7.319

8.11

ft T n

7.335

8,10

7.343

8,09

{ m D J 1

8.08

7 - ^ Q
I • D J y

8.08

7 . 367

8.07

7.376

8.07

7.384

8,06

7.392

8,06

7.400

8.05

7 . 40 8

8.05

7.416

8.04

7.424

8.04

7.432

8.03

7.440

8.03

7.448

8.02

7.456

8.02

7.464

8.01

7.472

8.01

7.480

8.00

T

E

•c

780

-J u u ^ • o *+

78 1

3010.32

782

3017.81

783

3025.31

784

3032 • 82

785

30^0 • 3^

786

787

3055.39

788

3062.93

789

"^070 - 4R

■J \J 1 VJ . "-J

790

3078.04

791

3085 . 60

792

3093.17

793

3100.75

794

3108.34

795

3115,93

796

3 123 . 54

797

3131.15

798

3138.77

799

3146 .39

800

3154. 03

801

3161,67

802

3169.32

803

3176.98

R n /i
o u ^

"5 1 Q /i A ^
J3 i O . O -J

805

806

807

3207.69

808

3215.39

809

810

3230 .81

811

3238 .53

812

3246.26

813

3254.00

814

3261 • 74

815

3269, 50

816

3277. 26

817

3285.03

818

3292. 80

819

3 300.59

820

821

3316.18

822

3323.99

823

3331,80

8 24

3 339,62

825

826

3 3 5 5,29

827

3363, 14

828

3370,99

829

3378 , 86

830

3386.73

831

3394. 60

832

3402 .49

833

3410.38

834

3418.28

835

3426.19

836

3434. 10

837

3442.03

838

3449.96

839

3457.90

840 3465.84

S dS/dT

7.480 8.00

7.488 7.99

7.496 7.99

7.504 7.98

7.512 7.98

7.520 7.97

7.528 7.97

7.536 7.96

7.544 7.96

7.552 7.95

7.560

7.95

7.568

7.94

7.576

7.94

7.584

7.93

7.591

7.93

7.599

7.92

7.607

7.92

7.615

7.91

7.623

7.90

7.631

7.90

7.639

7.89

7.647

7.89

7.655

7.88

7.663

7.88

7.670

7.87

7.678

7.87

7.686

7.86

7.694

7.86

7. 702

7.85

7.710

7.85

7.718

7.84

7.725

7.84

7. 733

7.83

7.741

7.83

7.749

7.82

7.757

7.82

7.765

7.81

7.772

7.80

7.780

7.80

7.788

7.79

7.796

7.79

7. 804

7.78

7.811

7.78

7.819

7.77

7.827

7.77

7.835

7.76

7.842

7.76

7.850

7.75

7.858

7.75

7.866

7.74

7.873

7.74

7.881

7.73

7.889

7.73

7.897

7.72

7.904

7.71

7.912

7.71

7.920

7.70

7.927

7.70

7.935

7.69

7.943

7.69

7.950 7.68

T

E

"C

840

3465 . 84

841

3473.80

842

3481.76

843

3489.73

844

3497 . 7 1

845

3505.69

846

3 513.69

847

3521.69

848

3529.69

849

3 5 3 7.71

850

3545 . 73

851

3553 . 76

852

3561.80

853

3569.85

8 54

3577.90

855

3585.96

856

3594.03

857

3602.11

858

3610.19

859

3618,28

860

3626,38

86 1

3634 , 49

862

3642,60

863

3650,73

864

^6Sft ftA

865

^AAA 9Q

^ D O O , 7 7

AAA

3675,14

867

3683.29

868

3691.45

869

3699 .62

870

3707 « 79

871

3715.97

872

3724.16

873

3732.36

8 74

3740.5 7

875

3748.78

876

375 7.00

877

3765.23

878

3773,46

879

3781,70

880

378 9,95

881

3798 .21

882

3806.48

883

3814.75

884

3823 .03

885

3 831.31

886

3839.61

887

3847.91

888

3856.22

889

3 864.54

890

3872 .86

891

388 1.19

892

3889.53

893

3897.88

894

3906.23

895

3914.59

896

3922.96

897

3931.34

898

3939.72

899

3948.11

900 3956.51

s

dS/dT

/iV/»C

7.950

7.68

7 . 958

7.68

7.966

7.67

7.973

7.67

7.981

7.66

7.989

7.66

7 . 996

7.65

8.004

7.65

8.012

7.64

8.019

7 . 64

8.027

7.63

8. 035

7.62

8.042

7.62

8.050

7.61

8.058

7.61

8.065

7 .60

8.073

7.60

8.080

7.59

8.088

7.59

8 .095

7.58

8. 103

7.58

8.111

7.57

8.118

7.57

8. 126

7.56

8 . 133

7.56

8.141

7

8.148

7 R

8. 156

7.54

8. 164

7.54

8.171

7.53

8.179

7.52

8.186

7.52

8. 194

7.51

8.201

7.51

8.209

7.50

8.216

7.50

8.224

7 . 49

8.231

7.49

8.239

7.48

8 . 246

7.48

8 .254

7 .47

8.261

7 . 47

8.268

7.46

8,276

7.46

8.283

7 .45

8 . 291

7.45

8.298

7 . 44

8.306

7.43

8.313

7.43

8.321

7.42

8.328

7.42

8.335

7.41

8 . 343

7.41

8.350

7.40

8.358

7.40

8.365

7.39

8.372

7.39

8.380

7.38

8.387

7.38

8.395

7.37

8.402 7.37

56

Table 4.3.2. Type B thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 ° C— Continued

T

E

op

Arf

fiW

900

3956.51

901

3964.92

902

3973.33

903

3981.75

904

3990, 18

905

3998.61

906

4007.06

907

4015.51

908

4023.96

909

4032.43

910

4040.90

911

4049.38

912

4057.86

913

4066.36

914

4074.86

915

4083.37

916

4091.88

917

4 100 . 40

918

4108.93

919

4117.47

920

4126.02

921

4134.57

922

4143. 13

923

4151.69

924

4160.27

925

4168.85

926

4177.44

927

4186.03

928

4194.63

929

4203.24

930

4211.86

931

4220.48

932

4229. 12

933

4237.75

934

4246.40

935

4255.05

936

4263.71

937

4272.38

938

4281.05

939

4289.74

940

4298.43

941

4307.12

942

4315.82

943

4324.53

944

4333.25

945

4341.98

946

4350.71

94 7

948

4368.19

949

4376.94

950

4385.70

951

4394.47

952

4403.25

953

4412.03

954

4420.82

955

4429.61

956

4438.41

957

4447.22

958

4456.04

959

4464.86

960 4473.69

s

dS/dT

li V/

nv/

8.402

7,37

8.409

7,36

8.417

7.35

8.424

7.35

8.431

7.34

8.439

7.34

8 ,446

7.33

8.453

7.33

8,461

7.32

8,468

7,32

8.475

7,31

8.483

7.31

8.490

7.30

8,497

7.30

8,505

7.29

8,512

7.29

8,519

7.28

8,526

7.27

8.534

7.27

8.541

7.26

8.548

7,26

8.555

7.25

8,563

7.25

8.570

7.24

8,577

7.24

8,584

7.23

8,592

7.23

8 • 599

7.22

8,606

7.22

8,613

7.21

8,621

7.21

8,628

7.20

8,635

7. 19

8,642

7.19

8,649

7.18

8,656

7.18

8,664

7.17

8,671

7.17

8.678

7.16

8.685

7.16

8.692

7.15

8.699

7.15

8 . 707

7.14

8.714

7.14

8.721

7.13

8.728

7.12

8.735

7. 12

8 7^2

'•11

8.749

7.11

8.756

7.10

8.764

7.10

8.771

7.09

8,778

7.09

8.785

7,08

8,792

7,08

8,799

7.07

8.806

7.06

8.813

7.06

8.820

7.05

8,827

7.05

8.834 7.04

T

E

960

4473.69

961

4482.53

962

449 1.38

963

4500.23

964

4509.09

965

4517.95

966

4526.83

967

4535,71

968

4544,59

969

4553.49

970

4562,39

971

4571.30

972

45 80 •21

973

4589.13

974

4598.06

975

4607,00

976

4615.94

Q"7 "7

4624 •89

978

4633.85

979

4642.81

980

4651.78

981

4660.76

98 2

4669 . 74

983

4678.73

984

4687.73

985

4696.74

986

4705.75

*+ / 1 f • 1 /

988

4723.79

989

4732.83

990

4741,86

991

4750.91

/i 7 R O OA

993

4769.02

994

4778.09

995

4787.17

996

4796.25

997

4805.33

998

4814.43

999

4823.53

1000

4832.64

1001

4841,75

1002

4850 .87

1003

4860.00

1004

4869. 14

1005

4878.28

1006

4887.43

100 7

4896 • 5 9

1008

4905.75

1009

4914.92

1010

4924.09

1011

4933.28

1012

4942.47

1013

4951.66

1014

4960.86

1015

4970.07

1016

4979.29

1017

4988.51

1018

4997.74

1019

5006,98

1020 5016.22

S dS/dT

/iV/'C nVZ-C^

8.834 7.04

8,841 7.04

8.848 7,03

8,855 7,03

8.862 7.02

8.869 7.02

8,876 7,01

8,883 7,00

8,890 7.00

8.897 6.99

8.904 6.99

8.911 6,98

8,918 6,98

8.925 6.97

8.932 6.97

8,939 6.96

8.946 6,95

8.953 6.95

8.960 6.94

8.967 6.94

8.974 6.93

8,981 6,93

8.988 6.92

8.995 6.92

9.002 6,91

9.009

6,90

9,015

6.90

9.022

6.89

9.029

6.89

9.036

6.88

9.043

6.88

9.050

6.87

9.057

6.87

9.064

6.86

9.070

6.85

9.077

6.85

9.084

6.84

9.091

6.84

9.098

6.83

9.105

6.83

9,112

6.82

9.118

6.81

9.125

6.81

9.132

6.80

9.139

6.80

9.146

6.79

9.152

6.79

9,159

6,78

9,166

6.78

9,173

6.77

9.179

6.76

9,186

6.76

9.193

6.75

9.200

6.75

9.206

6.74

9.213

6.74

9.220

6.73

9.227

6.72

9.233

6.72

9,240

6.71

9.247 6.71

T E

1020 5016.22

1021 5025.47

1022 5034.73

1023 5044.00

1024 5053.27

1025 5062.54

1026 5071.83

1027 5081.12

1028 5090.41

1029 5099.72

1030 5109.03

1031 5118.34

1032 5127.67

1033 5137.00

1034 5146.33

1035 5155.68

1036 5165.03

1037 5174.38

1038 5183.75

1039 5193.12

1040 5202.49

1041 5211,88

1042 5221.27

1043 5230.66

1044 5240,07

1045 5249,47

1046 5258,89

1047 5268,31

1048 5277,74

1049 5287,18

1050 5296.62

1051 5306.07

1052 5315.52

1053 5324,99

1054 5334.45

1055 5343.93

1056 5353.41

1057 5362.90

1058 5372.39

1059 5381.89

1060 5391.40

1061 5400.91

1062 5410.43

1063 5419.96

1064 5429.49

1065 5439.03

1066 5448,58

1067 5458,13

1068 5467,69

1069 5477.25

1070 5486.82

1071 5496.40

1072 5505.99

1073 5515.58

1074 5525.18

1075 5534.78

1076 5544.39

1077 5554.00

1078 5563.63

1079 5573.26

1080 5582.89

S dS/dT

/xV/°C nV/°C^

9.247 6.71

9.253 6.70

9.260 6.69

9.267 6.69

9.274 6.68

9.280

6.68

9.287

6 .67

9.294

6.67

9. 300

6.66

9.307

6.65

9.314

6.65

9,320

6.64

9,327

6.64

9,333

6.63

9.340

6.63

9.347

6.62

9.353

6.61

9.360

6.61

9.367

6.60

9.373

6.60

9.380

6.59

9.386

6.58

9.393

6.58

9.399

6.57

9.406

6.57

9.413

6.56

9,419

6.55

9,426

6.55

9,432

6.54

9,439

6.54

9,445

6.53

9,452

6.52

9,458

6.52

9,465

6.51

9.471

6.51

9.478

6.50

9.484

6.49

9.491

6.49

9.497

6.48

9,504

6 .48

9.510

6.47

9.517

6.46

9.523

6.46

9.530

6.45

9.536

6.45

9.543

6.44

9.549

6.43

9.555

6.43

9.562

6.42

9,568

6.41

9,575

6.41

9,581

6 .40

9,588

6.40

9,594

6.39

9.600

6.38

9.607

6.38

9.613

6.37

9.619

6.37

9.626

6.36

9.632

6.35

9.639 6.35

57

Table 4.3.2. Type B thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C— Continued

T

E

"C

1080

5582.89

1081

5592.53

1082

5602. 18

1083

5611.84

1084

5621.50

1085

5631.16

1086

5640.84

1087

5650.52

1088

5660.20

1089

5669.89

1090

5679.59

1091

5689.30

1092

5699.01

1093

5708.73

1094

5718.45

1095

5728. 18

1096

5737.92

1097

5747.66

1098

5757.41

1099

5767.16

1100

5776.92

1101

5786.69

1102

5796.46

1103

5806.24

1104

5816.03

1105

5825.82

1106

5835.62

1107

5845.42

1108

5855.24

1109

5865.05

1110

5874.87

1111

5884.70

1112

5894.54

1113

5904.38

1114

5914.23

1115

5924.08

1116

5933.94

1117

5943.81

1118

5953.68

1119

5963.56

1120

5973.44

1121

5983.33

1122

5993.23

1123

6003. 13

1124

6013.04

1125

6022.95

1126

6032.88

1127

6042.80

1128

6052.73

1129

6062.67

1130

6072.62

1131

6082.57

1132

6092.53

1133

6102.49

1134

6112.46

1135

6122.43

1136

6132.41

1137

6142.40

1138

6152.39

1139

6162.39

1140 6172.40

s

dS/dT

9.639

6.35

9.645

6,34

9.651

6.33

9. 658

6.33

9.664

6.32

9.670

6.32

9.676

6.31

9.683

6.30

9 . 689

6. 30

9.695

6.29

9.702

6.28

9.708

6.28

9.714

6.27

9.720

6.26

9.727

6.26

9.733

6.25

9.739

6.25

9.746

6.24

9 .752

6.23

9.758

6.23

9.764

6.22

9.770

6.21

9.777

6.21

9.783

6.20

9.789

6.19

9.795

6.19

9.801

6.18

9.808

6.17

9.814

6.17

9.820

6.16

9.826

6.15

9.832

6.15

9.838

6, 14

9 .844

6.13

9.851

6.13

9.857

6.12

9.863

6.11

9.869

6.11

9.875

6.10

9.881

6.09

9.887

6.09

9.893

6.08

9.899

6.07

9.906

6.07

9.912

6.06

9.918

6.05

9.924

6.05

9.930

6.04

9.936

6.03

9.942

6.03

9.948

6.02

9.954

6.01

9.960

6.01

9.966

6.00

9.972

5.99

9.978

5.99

9.984

6.98

9.990

5.97

9.996

5.97

10.002

5.96

10.008 5.95

T E

"C ;iV

1140 6172.40

1141 6182.41

1142 6192.42

1143 6202.45

1144 6212.47

1145 6222.51

1146 6232.55

1147 6242.60

1148 6252.65

1149 6262.71

1150 6272.77

1151 6282.84

1152 6292.91

1153 6303.00

1154 6313.08

1155 6323.18

1156 6333.28

1157 6343.38

1158 6353.49

1159 6363.61

1160 6373.73

1161 6383.86

1162 6393.99

1163 6404.13

1164 6414.28

1165 6424.43

1166 6434.59

1167 6444.75

1168 6454.92

1169 6465.09

1170 6475.27

1171 6485.46

1172 6495.65

1173 6505.85

1174 6516.05

1175 6526.26

1176 6536.47

1177 6546.69

1178 6556.92

1179 6567.15

1180 6577.39

1181 6587.63

1182 6597.88

1183 6608.13

1184 6618.39

1185 6628.66

1186 6638.93

1187 6649.21

1188 6659.49

1189 6669.78

1190 6680.07

1191 6690.37

1192 6700.67

1193 6710.98

1194 6721.30

1195 6731.62

1196 6741.95

1197 6752.28

1198 6762.62

1199 6772.96

1200 6783.31

S dS/dT

10.008 5.95

10.014 5.94

10.020 5.94

10.025 5.93

10.031 5.92

10.037 5.92

10.043 5.91

10.049 5.90

10.055 5.89

10.061 5.89

10.067 5.88

10.073 5.87

10.079 5.87

10.084 5.86

10.090 5.85

10.096 5.85

10.102 5.84

10.108 5.83

10.114 5.82

10.119 5.82

10.125 5.81

10.131 5.80

10.137 5.79

10.143 5.79

10.148 5.78

10.154 5,77

10.160 5.77

10.166 5.76

10.172 5.75

10.177 5.74

10.183 5.74

10.189 5.73

10.194 5.72

10.200 5.71

10.206 5,71

10.212 5.70

10.217 5.69

10.223 5.68

10.229 5.68

10.234 5.67

10.240 5.66

10.246 5.65

10.251 5.65

10.257 5.64

10.263 5.63

10.268 5.62

10.274 5.62

10.279 5.61

10.285 5.60

10.291 5.59

10.296 5.58

10.302 5.58

10.307 5.57

10.313 5.56

10.318 5.55

10.324 5.55

10.330 5.54

10.335 5.53

10.341 5.52

10.346 5.51

10.352 5.51

T

E

°C

1200

6783.31

1201

6793.66

1202

6804.02

1203

6814.39

1204

6824.76

1205

6835.14

1206

6845.52

1207

6855.91

1208

6866 . 30

1209

6876.70

1210

6887.10

1211

6897.51

1212

6907.92

1213

6918.34

1214

6928.77

1215

6939.20

1216

6949.64

1217

6960.08

1218

6970.52

1219

6980.98

1220

6991 .43

1221

7001.90

1222

7012.36

1223

7022.84

1224

7033.32

1225

7043.80

1226

7054.29

1227

7064.79

1228

7075.29

1229

7085.79

1230

7096.30

1231

7106.82

1232

7117.34

1233

7127.86

1234

7138.40

1235

7148.93

1236

7159.48

1237

7170.02

1238

7180. 57

1239

7191.13

1240

7201.70

1241

7212.26

1242

7222.84

1243

7233 • 41

1244

7244.00

1245

7254.59

1246

7265.18

1247

7275.78

1248

7286.38

1249

7296.99

1250

7307.61

1251

7318.23

1252

7328.85

1253

7339.48

1254

7350.11

1255

7360.75

1256

7371.40

1257

7382.05

1258

7392.70

1259

7403.36

1260

7414.03

S dS/dT

10.352 5.51

10.357 5.50

10.363 5.49

10.368 5.48

10.374 5.47

10.379 5.47

10.385 5.46

10.390 5.45

10.395 5.44

10.401 5.43

10.406 5.43

10.412 5.42

10.417 5.41

10.423 5.40

10,428 5.39

10.433 5.39

10.439 5.38

10.444 5.37

10.449 5.36

10.455 5.35

10.460 5.34

10.466 5.34

10.471 5.33

10.476 5.32

10.481 5.31

10.487 5.30

10.492 5.29

10.497 5.29

10.503 5.28

10.508 5.27

10.513 5.26

10.518 5.25

10.524 5.24

10.529 5.24

10.534 5.23

10.539 5.22

10.545 5.21

10.550 5.20

10.555 5.19

10.560 5.18

10.565 5.18

10.571 5.17

10.576 5.16

10.581 5.15

10.586 5.14

10.591 5.13

10.596 5.12

10.601 5.11

10.607 5.11

10.612 5.10

10.617 5.09

10.622 5.08

10.627 5.07

10.632 5.06

10.637 5.05

10.642 5.04

10.647 5.03

10.652 5.03

10.657 5.02

10.662 5.01

10.667 5.00

58

Table 4.3.2. Type B thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C— -Continued

T

E

•c

uV

f

1260

7414.03

1261

7424. 70

1262

7435.37

1263

7446.05

1264

7456.74

1265

7467.42

1266

7478. 12

1267

7488.82

1268

7499.52

1269

7510.23

1270

7520.95

1271

7531.67

1272

7542.39

1273

7553.12

1274

7563 . 85

1275

75 74 .59

1276

7585.33

1277

7596.08

1278 .

7606.84

1279

7617.59

1280

762 8.36

1281

7639. 12

1282

7649.90

1283

7660.67

12 8 4

7671.46

1285

7682. 24

1286

7693 .03

1287

7703.83

1288

7714.63

1289

7725.44

1290

7736.25

1291

7747.06

1292

7757.88

1293

7768.71

1294

7779.54

1295

7790.37

1296

7801.21

1297

7812.05

1298

7822.90

1299

7833.75

1300

7844.61

1301

7855.47

1302

7866. 34

1303

7877.21

1304

Tooo . 09

1305

7898 ,97

1306

7909.85

1307

7920.74

1308

7931.64

1309

7942. 53

1310

7953.44

1311

7964. 34

1312

7975 . 26

1313

7986.17

1314

7997.09

1315

8008.02

1316

8018.95

1317

8029.88

1318

8040.82

1319

8051.77

1320 8062.71

s

dS/dT

nV/»C^

10.667

5.00

10.672

4.99

10.677

4.98

10.682

4.97

10.687

4,96

10.692

4.95

10 . 697

4,94

10.702

4,93

10.707

4,92

10.712

4,92

10.717

4,91

10.722

4.90

10.726

4.89

10.731

4.88

10.736

4.87

10 . 741

4.86

10 . 746

4.85

10.751

4.84

10.756

4.83

10 . 760

4.82

10.765

4.81

10.770

4.80

10.775

4.79

10.780

4.78

10.784

4.77

10.789

4.76

10.794

4.76

10.799

4.75

10.803

4.74

10.808

4. 73

10.813

4.72

10.818

4.71

10.822

4.70

10.827

4.69

10.832

4.68

10.836

4.67

10.841

4.66

10.846

4.65

10.850

4.64

10.855

4.63

10.860

4.62

10.864

4.61

10.869

4.60

10.873

4.59

10.878

4.58

10.883

4,57

10.887

4.56

10.892

4,55

10.896

4,54

10.901

4,53

10.905

4,52

10.910

4,51

10.914

4,50

10.919

4,^9

10.923

4,48

10.928

4,47

10.932

4.46

10.937

4.45

10.941

4.44

10.946

4.43

10.950 4.41

T E

1320 8062.71

1321 8073.67

1322 8084.62

1323 8095.58

1324 8106.55

1325 8117.52

1326 8128.49

1327 8139.47

1328 8150.45

1329 8161.44

1330 8172.43

1331 8183.43

1332 8194.43

1333 8205.43

1334 8216.44

1335 8227.45

1336 8238.47

1337 8249.49

1338 8260.52

1339 8271.55

1340 8282.58

1341 8293.62

1342 8304.66

1343 8315.71

1344 8326.76

1345 8337.81

1346 8348.87

1347 8359.94

1348 8371.00

1349 8382.08

1350 8393.15

1351 8404.23

1352 8415,31

1353 8426.40

1354 8437,49

1355 8448,59

1356 8459,69

1357 8470.79

1358 8481.90

1359 8493.01

1360 8504.13

1361 8515.25

1362 8526.37

1363 8537.50

1364 8548.63

1365 8559.77

1366 8570.91

1367 8582.05

1368 8593.20

1369 8604.35

1370 8615.51

1371 8626.67

1372 8637.83

1373 8648.99

1374 8660.17

1375 8671.34

1376 8682.52

1377 8693.70

1378 8704.89

1379 8716.08

1380 8727,27

s

dS/dT

10.950
l0«954
10.959
10.963
10.968

4.41
4.40
4.39
4.38
4.37

10.972
10.976
10.981
10.985
10.989

4.36
4.35
4.34
4.33
4.32

10.994
10.998
11.002
11.006
11.011

4.31
4.30
4.29
4.28
4.27

11.015
11.019
11.023
11.028
11.032

4.26
4.25
4.23
4.22
4.21

11.036
11.040
11.045
11.049
11,053

4.20
4.19
4.18
4.17
4.16

11,057
11,061
11.065
11.069
11.073

4.15
4.14
4.12
4.11
4.10

11.078
11.082
11.086
11.090
11.094

4.09
4.08
4.07
4.06
4.05

11.098
11.102
11. 106
11.110
11,114

4.04
4.02
4.01
4.00
3.99

11.118
11.122
11.126
11.130
11.134

3.98
3.97
3.96
3.94
3.93

11. 138
11.142
11.146
11. 149
11.153

3.92
3.91
3.90
3.89
3.88

11.157
11.161
11.165
11. 169
11.173

3.86
3.85
3.84
3.83
3.82

11.176
11. 180
11.184
11.188
11.191

3.81
3.79
3.78
3.77
3.76

11.195

3.75

T

E

"C

1380

8727.27

1381

8738 .47

1382

8749.67

1383

8760.87

13 84

877 2 .08

1385

o / o3 . 29

1386

8794 .51

1387

8805.73

1388

8816.95

1 389

Q Q -1 Q 1 Q

1390

Q o o n y 1

oo3V • A- 1

1391

88 5 0 • 64

1392

8861.88

1393

8873.12

1 394

1395

8895 .61

i J Vo

ft On A Q A

1397

8918. 12

1398

8929,38

1 QO

ft Q /. n A /■

1400

8951 91

140 1

896 3.18

1402

8974.45

1403

8985.73

1404

QQQ7 1
O 7 7 f , U -1-

1405

yOOo ,29

1406

VO i 9 . b 8

1407

9030.87

1408

9042.16

1409

9053 .46

1410

9064.76

1411

9076.06

1412

9087.37

1413

9098.68

1414

9109,99

1415

9121,31

1416

9132,63

1417

9143,95

1418

9155,28

1419

9166,61

1420

9177,95

1421

y 1 o9 , 2 0

1422

9200,62

1423

9211.97

1424

'223.31

1425

9234 . 66

1426

1427

9257.37

1428

9268.73

1429

928 0.09

1430

9291 .46

1431

9302.83

1432

9314.20

1433

9325.57

1434

933 6.95

1435

9348.33

1436

9359.72

1437

9371.10

1438

9382.49

1439

9393.89

1440

9405.28

s

dS/dT

IJ.WC

nV/'C^

11.195

3.75

11.199

3.73

11.203

3.72

11.206

3.71

11.210

3.70

11.214

3 .69

11.217

3.67

11.221

3.66

11.225

3.65

1 1.228

3.64

11.232

3.63

11.236

3.61

11.239

3.60

11.243

3.59

11. 246

3.58

11.250

3.57

11.254

11.257

11.261

3.53

11.264

3.52

11 7 A ft

1 X • ^ o o

3.50

11.271

3 49

11.275

3.48

11.278

3.47

1 1 . ^ O il

3.45

11.285

3.44

11.289

3.43

11.292

3.42

11.295

3.40

1 1 .299

3.39

11.302

3.38

11.306

3.37

11.309

3.35

11.312

3.34

11.316

3.33

11.319

3 .32

11.322

3.30

11.325

3.29

11.329

3,28

11.332

3,26

11.335

3,25

11.339

3,24

11.342

3.23

11.345

3.21

11.348

3.20

11.351

3.19

1 17

3.1/

11.358

3.16

11.361

3.15

11.364

3.13

11.367

3.12

1 1 , 370

3.11

11 ^ 7"^

3.09

11,376

3.08

11,380

3.07

11,383

3.05

11,386

3.04

11,389

3.03

11.392

3.01

11.395

3 .00

11.398 2.99

59

Table 4.3.2. Type B thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 ° C— Continued

T

\

&

•c

1440

9405.28

1441

9416.68

1442

9428 .09

1 443

1444

9450.90

1445

9462.31

1446

9473.72

1447

9485.14

1448

9496 . 56

1449

9507.98

1450

9519.41

1451

9530.84

1452

9542.27

1453

9553.70

1454

9565.14

1455

9576.58

1456

9588.02

1457

9599.47

1458

9610.91

1459

9622.36

1460

9633.82

1461

9645.27

1462

9656.73

1463

Q £. Q TO

9 ooo . i y

1464

9679.66

1465

9691.13

1466

9702.59

1467

9714.07

1 468

972 5.54

1469

9737.02

1470

9748.50

1471

9759.98

1472

9771.47

1^73

9782 . 95

1474

9794.44

1475

9805.94

1476

9817.43

1477

9828.93

1 Zl7A
i H ( O

Q ft Zi n li'K
7 O H U • *+ -3

1479

9851.93

1480

9863.44

1481

9874.94

1482

9886.45

1483

9897.97

1484

9909.48

1485

9921.00

1486

9932.52

1487

9944.04

1488

9955.56

1489

9967.09

1490

9978.62

1491

9990.15

1492

10001 .68

1493

10013.22

1494

10024. 76

1495

10036.30

1496

10047.84

1497

10059.38

1498

10070.93

1499

10082.48

1500 10094.03

S dS/dT

11.398 2.99

11.401 2.97

11.404 2.96

11.407 2.95

11.410 2.93

11.412 2.92

11.415 2.91

11.418 2.89

11.421 2.88

11.424 2.87

11.427 2.85

11.430 2.84

11.433 2.83

11.435 2.81

11.438 2.80

11.441 2.78

11.444 2.77

11.447 2.76

11.449 2.74

11.452 2.73

11.455 2.72

11.457 2.70

11.460 2.69

11.463 2.67

11.466 2.66

11.468 2.65

11.471 2.63

11.473 2.62

11.476 2.60

11.479 2.59

11.481 2.58

11.484 2.56

11.486 2.55

11.489 2.53

11.491 2.52

11.494 2.50

11.496 2.49

11.499 2.48

11.501 2.46

11.504 2.45

11.506 2.43

11.509 2.42

11.511 2.40

11.513 2.39

11.516 2.38

11.518 2.36

11.521 2.35

11.523 2.33

11.525 2.32

11.528 2.30

11.530 2.29

11.532 2.27

11.534 2.26

11.537 2.24

11.539 2.23

11.541 2.22

11.543 2.20

11.546 2.19

11.548 2.17

11.550 2.16

11.552 2.14

T

E

"C

/iV

1500

10094.03

1501

10105.58

1502

10117.14

1503

lu 1 2 0 • 69

1504

10140.25

1505

10151.82

1506

10163.38

1507

10174.94

1508

10186.51

1509

10198.08

1510

10209.65

1511

10221.23

1512

10232.80

1513

10244 .38

1514

10255.96

1515

10267.54

1516

10279.13

1517

10290.71

1518

10302 .30

1519

10313.89

1520

10325.48

1521

10337.07

1522

10348.67

1523

10360.26

1524

10371 .86

1525

10383.46

1526

10395.06

1527

10406.66

1528

10418.27

1529

10429. 88

1530

10441.49

1531

10453.10

1532

10464.71

15 33

1 04 76 •32

1534

10487.94

1535

10499.55

1536

10511.17

1537

10522.79

1538

1539

10546.04

1540

10557.66

1541

10569.29

1542

10580.92

1543

10592.55

1544

10604.18

1545

10615.81

1546

10627.44

1547

10639.08

1548

10650.71

1549

10662.35

1550

10673.99

1551

10685.63

1552

10697.28

1553

10708.92

1554

10720.56

1555

10732.21

1556

10743.86

1557

10755.51

1558

10767. 16

1559

10778.81

1560 10790.46

s

dS/dT

II V/ \^

11.552

2.14

11.554

2.13

11.556

2.11

11.558

2.10

11.560

2.08

11.563

2.07

11.565

2.05

11.567

2 .04

11.569

2.02

11.571

2.01

11.573

1.99

11.575

1 .98

11.577

1 .96

1 1 . 579

1.95

11.581

1 .93

11.582

1.92

11.584

1.90

11.586

1.89

11.588

1.87

11.590

1.86

11.592

1.84

11.594

1.83

11.595

1.81

11. 597

1.80

11.599

1.78

11.601

1 .76

11.603

1.75

11.604

1 .73

11.606

1.72

11.608

1 .70

11.609

1 .69

11.611

1.67

11.613

1.66

11.614

1.64

11.616

1.63

11.618

1.61

11.619

1.59

11.621

1.58

11 .622

1.56

11.624

1.55

11.626

1.53

11.627

1.52

11.629

1.50

11.630

1.49

11.632

1 .47

11.633

1.45

11.635

1 .44

11.636

1.42

11.637

1.41

1 1.639

1.39

11.640

1 .38

11.641

1.36

11.643

1.34

11.644

1.33

11.646

1.31

11 .647

1.30

11.648

1.28

11.649

1.26

11.651

1.25

11.652

1.23

11.653 1.22

T

E

\t

..\/

1560

10790.46

1561

10802.11

1562

10813.77

1563

10825 .42

1564

10837.08

1565

10848.74

1566

10860.40

1567

10872.06

1568

10883.72

1569

10895.38

1570

10907.05

1571

10918.71

1572

10930.38

1573

10942.05

1574

10953.71

1575

10965.38

1576

10977.05

1577

10988.72

1578

11000.40

1579

11012.07

1580

11023.74

1581

11035.42

1582

11047.09

15 8 3

110 58.77

1584

11070.45

1585

11082.13

1586

11093.80

1587

11105.48

1588

11117.16

1589

11128.85

1590

11140.53

1591

11152.21

1592

11163.89

1593

11175.58

1594

11187.26

1595

11198.95

1596

11210.63

1597

11222.32

1598

11234.01

1599

11245.70

1600

11257.38

1601

11269.07

1602

11280.76

1603

11292.45

1604

11304. 14

1605

11315.84

1606

11327.53

1607

11339.22

1608

11350. 91

1609

11362.61

1610

11374.30

1611

11385.99

1612

11397.69

1613

11409.38

1614

11421 .08

1615

11432.77

1616

11^44.47

1617

11456.16

1618

11467.86

1619

11479.56

1620

11491.25

S dS/dT

11.653 1.22

11.654 1.20

11.655 1.18

11.657 1.17

11.658 1.15

11.659 1.14

11.660 1.12

11.661 1.10

11.662 1.09

11.663 1.07

11.664 1.06

11.666 1.04

11.667 1.02

11.668 1.01

11.669 0.99

11.670 0.98

11.671 0.96

11.671 0.94

11.672 0.93

11.673 0.91

11.674 0.89

11.675 0.88

11.676 0.86

11.677 0.85

11.678 0.83

11.678 0.81

11.679 0.80

11.680 0.78

11.681 0.76

11.682 0.75

11.682 0.73

11.683 0.72

11.684 0.70

11.684 0.68

11.685 0.67

11.686 0.65

11.686 0.63

11.687 0.62

11.688 0.60

11.688 0.58

11.689 0.57

11.689 0.55

11.690 0.53

11.690 0.52

11.691 0.50

11.691 0.49

11.692 0.47

11.692 0.45

11.693 0.44

11.693 0.42

11.694 0.40
11,694 0.39

11.694 0.37

11.695 0.35

11.695 0.34

11.696 0.32
11.696 0.30
11.696 0.29

11.696 0.27

11.697 0.25

11.697 0.24

60

Table 4.3.2. Type B thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S{T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C— Continued

T

E

»c

1620

1 149 1 • 2 5

162 1

1622

11514.65

1623

11526,35

1624

1 1 5 ^ R n4

1 1 Zl Q "7 /i
1 1 P 4 V • 1 ^

1626

1627

11573.14

1628

11584.83

162 9

11596.53

163 0

11608.23

163 1

11619.93

1632

11631.63

1633

11643.33

1634

163 5

1 1 A A A 7 ?

1 A "5 A
lO DO

1 1 A 7 A Zt 9

1637

11690.12

1638

11701.82

1639

11713.52

1640

1 1 72 5.22

1641

11736.91

1642

11748.61

1643

11760.31

1644

11772.01

1645

1178 3.71

1646

11795.40

1647

11807.10

1648

11818.80

1649

11830.50

1650

llo4Z.lv

1651

1 loS J . OV

1652

11865.58

1653

11877.28

1654

1 1 Q Q Q Q Q

iiooo.Vo

16 5 5

1 1 Q r\ t "7

1656

11912.37

1657

11924.06

1658

11935.75

1659

1660

1 1 Q R O 1 /.

i 1 ' U . O J

1662

11982.53

1663

11994.22

1664

1200 5 .91

1 A A R

1 9 n 1 7 An

1666

12029. 29

1667

12040.98

1668

12052.67

1669

1670

12076.05

1 A 7 1
1 O ( 1

1 9 n ft 7 7

1672

12099.42

1673

12111.11

1674

12122.79

1675

12134.48

1676

12146.16

1677

12157.85

1678

12169.53

1679

12181.21

1680 12192.89

s

dS/dT

- 2

nV/'C

11 A Q7

U . A H

11.697

U . A ^

11.697

0.20

11.698

0.19

11. 698

0.17

11. 698

U . 1 7

11.698

0.14

11.698

0.12

11.698

0. 10

11.698

0.09

11.698

0.07

11.698

0.05

11 .699

0.04

11.699

0.02

11. 699

0.00

11. 699

—0 .01

11. 699

~0 . 0 3

11 .699

-0.05

11.698

-0.06

11 A Q ft

— 0 .08

T 1 A Q fl

—0.10

11.698

~0 . 1 1

11.698

-0. 13

11.698

-0.15

11.698

-0. 16

11.698

-0. 18

11.697

-0.20

11.697

-0.21

11.697

-0.23

11.697

—0 .25

11. 696

-0.26

11 A Q A

1 1 . o

— U . A O

11.696

-0.30

11.696

-0.31

11.695

— 0 .33

11 A Q c;
1 i . O V -)

—0.35

11.695

-0 .36

11.694

-0.38

11.694

-0.40

11 A Q Q

— 0.41

11 A Q T
i i . O 7 J

— 0 .43

11. 693

— 0.45

11.692

-0.46

11.692

-0.48

11.691

— 0 .50

11. 691

— 0.51

1 1 .690

— 0 . 53

11.690

-0.55

11.689

-0.56

11.688

-0.58

11 A ft R

— 0.60

11.687

— 0.61

11.687

— 0,63

11.686

-0.65

11.685

-0.66

11.685

-0.68

11.684

-0.70

11.683

-0.71

11.683

-0. 73

11.682

-0.75

11.681 -0.76

T

E

"C

1680

12192.89

1681

1 9 9 DA 7
i A A U H . -J '

1682

12216.25

1683

12227.93

1684

12239.61

168 5

12251.29

1686

12262.97

1687

12274.64

1688

12286.32

1689

12297.99

1690

12309.66

1691

12321.34

1692

12333.01

1693

12344.68

1694

12356.35

1695

12368.01

1696

12379. 68

1697

12391.35

1698

12403.01

1 AQQ

1 9 /i 1 /■ Aft

1 7 nn

1 9 A 9 A "3 A
1AHaO.J)*+

1701

1702

12449.66

1703

12461.32

1704

124 f 2 • 9o

1 70 5

lZ4o4. 64

1 tha

1 9 /. o A r\

i AH VO • D^

1707

12507.95

1708

12519.60

1 7 n Q
i / U V

1 9 c; -a 1 OA

1 7 1 n
1 1 i U

1 9 C; /, "5 Q 1

1711
I'll

12554.56

1712

12566.21

1713

12577.86

1 7 1 /i

1 71 R

1 ( i- -?

19Ani.lR

1716

1 9 A 1 1 "7 Q
1 26 1 2 • f V

1717

12624.43

1718

12636.07

1 7 1 Q

1 9 A /i "7 7 1

1 7 9 n

1 9 t c Q q c
1^097. J3

1721

J.AD 1 \J 9 J ^

1722

12682.62

1723

12694.26

1724

12705 . 89

172 5

12717. 52

1 726

12729.15

1727

12740.78

1728

12752.40

1729

12764.03

17 30

1 777c;^A^

1731

12787.27

1732

12798.89

1733

12810.51

1734

12822.13

1735

12833.75

1736

12845.36

1737

12856.97

1738

12868.58

1739

12880. 19

1740

12891.80

s

dS/dT

nV/'C

11.681

-0 . 76

11.680

-0.78

11.680

-0.80

11.679

-0.81

11.678

— 0 .83

11.677

— 0.85

11.676

-0 .86

11.675

-0.88

11.674

-0.89

11 .674

-0.91

11.673

-0.93

11.672

-0 .94

11.671

-0.96

11 .670

-0.98

11.669

-0 .99

11 .668

-1.01

11.667

— 1 .03

11.666

-1.04

11.665

-1.06

11.664

— 1.07

11.663

— 1.09

11 A A 1
-L 1 . O O 1

— 1 11
i . 1 i

11.660

-1.12

11.659

-1.14

11 A fl
1 1 . D -> O

— 1 1 A
i . 1 O

11 A c; 7
1 i • o 3 /

1 17
— 1.1/

11 A A
1 1 . O I? O

— 1 "1 Q
1 . ± V

11.655

-1.20

11.653

-1.22

11 A ^ 9
1 i . O D

1 9 /i
— 1 • A f

11 A ^ 1
•L 1 . O -J 1

— 1 9

1 1 . A R n
1 1 • 0 9 U

— 1 - 9 7

11.648

-1.29

11.647

-1.30

11. 646

— 1.32

11. 644

— 1.33

1 1 .643

-1.35

11.642

-1.37

11.640

-1.38

11.639

— 1.40

11.637

— 1 . 4 1

11.636

-1 .43

11.635

-1.45

11.633

-1.46

11.632

— 1.48

11.630

— 1.49

11.629

-1.51

11.627

-1.52

11.626

-1.54

11. 624

-1.56

11.623

-1.57

11.621

-1.59

11.619

-1.60

11.618

-1.62

11.616

— 1.63

11.614

-1.65

11.613

-1.67

11.611

-1.68

11.609

-1.70

11.608

-1.71

11.606

-1.73

T

E

"C

1 740

12891.80

1741

1742

12915.01

1743

12926.61

1 744

12938.21

1745

12949 .81

1746

1296 1 .40

1747

12973.00

1748

12984.59

1749

12996.18

1750

13007.77

1751

13019.36

1752

13030.94

1753

13042.52

1754

13054.11

1755

13065.68

1756

13077.26

1757

13088.34

1758

13100.41

1 7 RO

13111.98

1 7 A O
1 1 O U

1 "^1 9"^*^^

1 7 A 1

1 1 Q *^ 19
1->1J-). lA

1762

13146.69

1763

13158.25

1 764

1 -2 1 A Q ft 1
1J5107.01

1765

1 "3 1 D 1 q 7

1 7 A A
i ( OO

1 1 Q 9 O'X

1767

13204.48

1768

13216.03

1 7 A O
i / O V

1 a 9 9 7 CO

1 77n

13239. 13

17 7 1

1 9 A n Aft
1->a!3U.OO

1772

13262.22

1773

13273.77

1774

13285.31

17 7^

1 T 9 q A Q A

1776

mi

13319.91

1778

13331.44

1779

13342.97

1780

13354.50

1781

13366.02

1782

13377. 54

1783

13389.06

1784

13400 .58

1785

1 3^1 7»nQ

1786

13423.60

1787

13435.11

1788

13446.62

1789

13458.13

1790

13469.63

1791

1 348 1 . 1 3

1792

13492.63

1793

13504. 12

1794

13515.61

1795

13527. 10

1796

13538.59

1797

13550.08

1798

13561.56

1799

13573.04

1800

13584.52

s

dS/dT

nV/°C

11. 606

-1.73

11. 604

— 1 . 74

11.603

-1 .76

11.601

-1.77

11. 599

— 1 7 Q

11.597

— 1 . 80

11. 595

-1 .82

11.594

-1.83

11.592

-1 .85

11.590

-1 .86

11.588

-1.88

11. 586

-1.89

11.584

-1.91

11.582

-1 .92

11.580

-1 .94

11.578

— 1.95

11.576

-1 .97

11.574

-1 .98

11.573

-2.00

11.570

A . U i-

11.568

— 2.03

11.566

A . U H

11.564

-2.06

11. 562

-2.07

11 A A n

— 2 .09

11 ACQ

1 1 . D O

— 2 . 10

11 Ci A
1 1 . 9 !j O

— 9 1 9

11.554

-2.13

11.552

-2.15

11. 5 50

— 2 16

11. 547

— 2.17

11. 545

— 9 - 1 Q

A • 1 7

11.543

-2.20

11.541

-2.22

11.539

— 2.23

11.536

— 2 .24

11 « 534

-2 .26

11.532

-2 .27

11.530

-2.29

11.527

— 2.30

11.525

— 2.31

11.523

-2.33

11.520

-2.34

11.518

-2.36

11.516

-2.37

11.513

— 2.38

11.511

-2 .40

11.508

-2.41

11.506

-2.42

11. 504

— 2 .44

11.501

-2 .45

1 1 .499

-2 .46

1 1 .496

-2 .48

11.494

-2.49

11.491

-2.50

11.489

-2.52

11.486

-2.53

11.484

-2.54

11.481

-2.56

11.479

-2.57

11.476 -2.58

61

Table 4.3.2. Type B thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 ° C—Contiruied

T E
"C

1800 13584.52

1801 13595.99

1802 13607.46

1803 13618.93

1804 13630.40

1805 13641.86

1806 13653.33

1807 13664.78

1808 13676.24

1809 13687.69

1810 13699.14

s

dS/dT

11.476

-2.58

11.473

-2 . 59

11.471

-2.61

11 .468

-2.62

11.466

-2.63

11.463

-2.65

11.460

-2.66

11.458

-2.67

11.455

-2.68

11.452

-2.70

11.450

-2.71

T E
-C ,iV

1810 13699.14

1811 13710.59

1812 13722.04

1813 13733.48

1814 13744.92

1815 13756.36

1816 13767.79

1817 13779.22

1818 13790.65

1819 13802.08

1820 13813.50

s

dS/dT

11 .450

-2.71

11. 447

-2 .72

11.444

-2.73

11.441

-2.74

11.439

-2.76

11.436

-2.77

11.433

-2.78

11.430

-2.79

11.428

-2.80

11.425

-2.81

11.422

-2.83

T E

1820 13813.50

S dS/dT

11.422 -2.83

62

Table 4.3.3. Thermoelectric values at the fixed points for Type B thermocouples

Temp.

E

S

dS/dT

1, XACU IJUllll

°C

uV

mV/°C

nV/°C^

T/>^ rtrkiiit

1. UC LHJlll L

0.000

0

00

-0

.247

11 .82

FtVipr TP

26 870

_2

39

0

.068

11 .61

Wntpr RP

100 000

33

18

0

.900

11 . 16

U%Ij M I ii\J L\j X J.

122 .370

56

09

1

.148

11 .06

XIlUlUIll X X

1^6 6S4

101

88

1

.524

10.90

Tin FP

231 .9681

247

37

2

334

10.61

RiQmiitVi TP

UlOlilULil X J.

271.442

347

74

2

750

10 .46

raHmium FP

321 108

497

15

3

265

10.27

I pari FP

XjCaU X X

327 S02

tJ ^ i . \J\J

518

24

3

331

10.24

IWprfiirv RP
ivxci cui y xjx

3^6 660

619

69

3

627

10 12

Zinc FP

419.580

867

78

4

256

9 .85

Sulnhur BP

444 .674

977

66

4

501

9.73

Cu-Al FP

548.23

1495

10

5

483

9.22

Antimony FP

630.74

1978

43

6

227

8.79

A 111 m in 11 TTi rP

iLlUlli 111 Li lli X J,

660 37

2166

77

6

485

8.64

Silver FP

961 .93

4490

76

8

848

7 .03

Gold FP

1064.43

5433

59

9

539

6 .44

Copper FP

1084.5

5626

33

9

667

6.32

Nickel FP

1455

9576

58

11

441

2.78

Cobalt FP

1494

10024

76

11

539

2.23

Palladium FP

1554

10720

56

11

646

1.31

Platinum FP

1772

13262

22

11

543

-2.20

Table 4.3.4. Estimated maximum errors that occur when using reduced-bit arithmetic for the power series
expansion for the thermoelectric voltage of Type B thermocouples

Temperature range

Degree

Estimated maximum error

in microvolts

12 Bit

16 Bit

24 Bit

27 Bit

36 Bit

0 to 200 °C

8

0.1

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

200 to 400 °C

8

0.3

0.02

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

400 to 600 °C

8

0.8

0.03

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

600 to 800 °C

8

2

0.05

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

800 to 1000 °C

8

4

0.06

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

1000 to 1200 °C

8

7

0.06

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

1200 to 1400 °C

8

10

0.06

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

1400 to 1600 °C

8

20

0.06

0.02

<0.01

<0.01

1600 to 1820 °C

8

40

0.09

0.03

<0.01

<0.01

63

4.4. Reference functions and Tables for the
Positive Thermoelement, Type BP, a
Platinum — 30% Rhodium Alloy Versus
Platinum, Pt—67

The coefficients for the eighth degree expansion for
the thermoelectric voltage of Type BP thermoelements
versus Pt-67 are given in table 4.4.1. The errors
caused by using reduced bit arithmetic for calculating
values of the functions are given in table 4.4.4.

The primary reference values for Type BP thermo-
elements versus Pt-67 are given in table 4.4.2. Values
at selected fixed points are given in table 4.4.3. Graphs
of the thermoelectric voltage, its first derivative (See-
beck coefficient ) , and second derivative are given in
figures 4.4.1, 4.4.2, and 4.4.3, respectively.

Table 4.4.1. Power series expansion for the thermo-
electric voltage of Type BP thermoelements versus
platinum, Pt-67

Tempera-

ture

range

Degree

Coefficients

Term

0 to

8

4.8193620846

T

1820 °C

1.5702235198 X 10"^

-2.2802418012 X 10"^

3.1247260577 X lO"'

T*

-2.7550122645 X IQ-i^

T6

1.5024838175 X lO'"

fS

-4.6480201964 X lO""

T

6.1218136030 X 10""

0.8 1.2
TEMPERATURE, °C

2.0x10

Figure 4.2.2. Seebeck coefficient for Type BP thermoelements
versus platinum, Pt-67.

The circles indicate values at various thennometric fixed points on the
IPTS-68.

T \ \ I r

TEMPERATURE ,°C

Figure 4.4.1. Thermoelectric voltage for Type BP thermoele-
ments versus platinum, Pt-67.

The circles indicate values at various thermometric fixed points on the
IPTS-68.

TEMPERATURE, °C

Figure 4.4.3. Second derivative of thermoelectric voltage for
Type BP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67.

The circles indicate values at various thermometric fixed points on the
IPTS-68.

64

Table 4.4.2. Type BP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt— 67— Thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck
coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C

T

E

•c

0

0.00

1

4.84

2

9.70

3

14,60

4

19. 53

5

24.49

6

29.48

7

34.50

8

39.55

9

44.63

10

49.74

11

54.88

12

60.05

13

65.26

14

70.49

15

75.75

16

81.04

17

86.36

18

91.71

19

97.08

20

102.49

21

107.93

22

113.39

23

118.88

24

124.40

25

129.95

26

135.53

27

141.14

28

146.77

29

152.43

30

158.12

31

163.84

32

169.58

33

175. 36

34

181.15

35

186.98

36

192.83

37

198.71

38

204.62

39

210.56

40

216,52

41

222.50

42

228,52

43

234.56

44

240.62

45

246,71

46

252.83

47

258.98

48

265. 14

49

271.34

50

277, 56

51

283,81

52

290.08

53

296.3 7

54

302.70

55

309.04

56

315.41

57

321,81

58

328,23

59

334.68

60

341.15

S dS/dT

/iV/'C nV/°C^

4.819 31.40

4.851 31.27

4.882 31.13

4,913 31,00

4,944 30.86

4.975 30.73

5.005 30.60

5,036 30,46

5,066 30,33

5,097 30,20

5.127 30.07

5.157 29.94

5.187 29.82

5.216 29.69

5.246 29.56

5,275 29,43

5,305 29,31

5,334 29.18

5.363 29.06

5.392 28.94

5,421 28,81

5.450 28.69

5.478 28.57

5.507 28.45

5.535 28.33

5.564 28.21

5.592 28.09

5,620 27,97

5,648 27,86

5.676 27,74

5,703 27.62

5.731 27.51

5.758 27.39

5.786 27.28

5.813 27.17

5.840 27.05

5.867 26.94

5.894 26.83

5,921 26,72

5.947 26.61

5.974 26.50

6.000 26.39

6.027 26.28

6.053 26.17

6.079 26.07

6.105 25.96

6.131 25.85

6.157 25.75

6.182 25,64

6,208 25.54

6.233 25.44

6.259 25.33

6.284 25.23

6.309 25.13

6.334 25.03

6.359 24.93

6.384 24,83

6,409 24,73

6,434 24,63

6.458 24,53

6,483 24,43

T

E

C

60

34 1 , 1 5

61

347,64

62

354.16

63

360 .71

64

367. 27

65

373.87

66

380.48

67

387.12

68

393.78

69

400 .47

70

40 7. 18

71

413.91

72

420.67

73

42 7.45

74

434.26

7 5

44 1.08

76

447.93

77

454.81

78

461 . 70

79

468.62

8 0

475 .56

81

482.53

82

489.51

83

496 . 52

84

503.55

85

510 .61

86

517.68

87

524.78

88

531.90

89

539 • 04

546 .20

Q 1

553 . 39

92

560.59

93

567.82

94

575.07

95

582.34

96

589.64

97

596.95

98

604.29

99

611.64

100 619.02

101 626.42

102 633.84

103 641.28

104 648.74

105 656.22

106 663.72

107 671,24

108 678.79

109 686.35

110 693.93

111 701.54

112 709.16

113 716.81

114 724.47

115 732.15

116 739.86

117 747.58

118 755.32

119 763.09

120 770.87

S dS/dT

6.483 24.43

6.507 24.34

6.531 24.24

6.556 24.14

6.580 24.05

6.604 23,95

6,628 23.86

6.651 23.76

6.675 23.67

6.699 23.58

6.722 23.49

6.746 23.39

6,769 23,30

6,792 23.21

6.815 23.12

6.838 23.03

6.861 22.95

6.884 22,86

6,907 22.77

6.930 22.68

6.953 22.59

6.975 22.51

6.998 22,42

7,020 22,34

7,042 22.25

7.064 22,17

7,087 22,08

7,109 22,00

7,131 21.92

7.152 21.84

7.174 21.76

7.196 21.67

7.218 21.59

7.239 21.51

7.261 21.43

7.282 21.35

7.303 21.28

7.325 21.20

7.346 21.12

7.367 21.04

7.388 20.96

7,409 20,89

7,430 20,81

7.450 20.74

7.471 20.66

7.492 20.59

7,512 20.51

7.533 20,44

7.553 20.37

7.573 20.29

7.594 20.22

7.614 20.15

7.634 20.08

7,654 20,01

7.674 19,94

7,694 19,87

7,714 19.80

7.734 19.73

7,753 19,66

7.773 19,59

7.792 19.52

T

E

"C

120

770 . 87

121

778.67

122

786.49

123

794 .33

124

802 .20

12 5

810.07

126

817.97

127

825.89

128

833.83

129

841 • 78

130

849 .76

131

857.75

132

865.77

133

873.80

1 34

Q Q 1 a c;

loo

o o o oo

136

898.00

137

906.11

138

914.23

139

922.37

140

930 . 54

141

938.71

142

946.91

143

955 .13

144

963. 36

145

971.61

146

979.86

147

988.17

148

996.47

149

1004. 80

150

1013. 14

151

1021.49

152

1029.87

153

10 38. 26

154

1046.68

155

1055.10

156

1063.55

157

1072.01

158

1080 . 49

159

1088.99

160

1097.51

161

1106.04

162

1114.59

163

1123.15

164

1 13 1 . 74

165

1140. 34

166

1148.95

167

1157.59

168

1166.24

1 69

1174 .90

1 7n
i / U

1 1 O ^ 1% o

X X O J . L) 7

171

1192.29

172

1201.01

1 7Q
i. 1 J

J. (J V « ( f

174

1218.49

175

1227.26

176

1236,04

177

1244.84

178

1253.65

179

1262.49

180

1271.33

S dS/dT

/xV/'C nV/">C^

7.792 19.52

7.812 19.46

7,831 19,39

7,851 19.32

7.870 19.26

7.889 19.19

7.908 19.12

7.927 19.06

7.946 18.99

7.965 18.93

7.984 18.87

8.003 18.80

8.022 18.74

8.041 18.68

8.059 18.62

8.078 18.55

8.096 18.49

8.115 18.43

8.133 18.37

8.152 18.31

8.170 18.25

8.188 18.19

8.206 18.13

8.224 18.07

8.242 18.02

8.260 17.96

8.278 17.90

8.296 17.84

8.314 17.79

8.332 17.73

8.349 17,67

8,367 17.62

8.385 17.56

8.402 17.51

8.420 17.45

8.437 17.40

8.455 17.34

8.472 17.29

8,489 17,24

8.506 17.18

8.523 17.13

8.541 17.08

8.558 17.03

8.575 16.98

8.592 16.93

8.608 16.87

8.625 16.82

8.642 16.77

8.659 16.72

8.676 16.67

8,692 16.63

8.709 16.58

8.725 16.53

8.742 16.48

8.758 16.43

8.775 16.38

8.791 16.34

8.807 16.29

8.824 16.24

8.840 16.20

8.856 16.15

65

Table 4.4.2. Type BP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt— 67 — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck
coefficients, S(T), artd first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

..\/

180

1271.33

181

1280.20

182

1<;89.08

183

1297.97

184

1306.89

185

1315.81

186

1324.76

187

1 -1 -3 ^ 79
L J J D % 1c.

188

1342.69

189

1351.69

190

1360.69

191

1369.72

192

1 3 7 8 • 76

193

1387.81

194

1396.88

195

1405.97

196

1415.07

197

1424. 1 8

198

1433.32

199

1442.46

200

1451.63

201

1460.80

202

203

1479.21

204

1488.43

205

1497.67

206

1506.92

207

1516. 19

208

1525.47

209

1534.77

210

1544.09

211

1553.42

212

1562.76

213

1572.12

214

1581.49

215

1590.88

216

1600.28

217

1609.70

218

1619.13

219

1628.58

220

1638.04

221

1647.51

222

1657.00

223

1666.51

224

1676.03

225

1685.56

226

1695.11

227

1704.67

228

1714.25

229

1723.84

230

1733.45

231

1743.07

232

1752.70

233

1762,35

234

1772.01

235

1781.68

236

1791.37

237

1801.08

238

1810.80

239

1820.53

240 1830.27

S dS/dT

/iV/^C nVZ-C^

8.856 16.15

8.872 16.11

8.888 16.06

8.904 16.01

8.920 15.97

8.936 15.93

8.952 15.88

8.968 15.84

8.984 15.79

9.000 15.75

9.015 15.71

9.031 15.66

9.047 15.62

9.062 15.58

9.078 15.54

9.093 15.50

9.109 15.46

9.124 15.41

9.140 15.37

9.155 15.33

9.170 15.29

9.186 15.25

9.201 15.21

9.216 15.17

9.231 15.14

9.246 15.10

9.261 15.06

9.276 15.02

9.291 14.98

9.306 14.94

9.321 14.91

9.336 14.87

9.351 14.83

9.366 14.80

9.381 14.76

9.395 14.72

9.410 14.69

9.425 14.65

9.439 14.62

9.454 14.58

9.469 14.55

9.483 14.51

9.498 14.48

9.512 14.44

9.526 14.41

9.541 14.37

9.555 14.34

9.570 14,31

9.584 14.27

9.598 14.24

9.612 14.21

9.626 14.18

9.641 14.15

9.655 14.11

9.669 14.08

9.683 14.05

9.697 14.02

9.711 13.99

9.725 13.96

9.739 13.93

9.753 13.90

T

E

°C

240

1830.27

241

1840.03

242

1 849 .81

243

1859.59

2 44

1869.40

245

1879.21

246

1889.04

247

1898.88

248

1908.74

249

1918.61

250

1928.49

251

1938.39

Cjc.

253

1958.22

254

1968.16

255

1978.11

256

1988.08

0^1

/: !> r

1998 « 06

258

2008.05

259

2018.05

260

2028.07

261

2038.10

7 A 7

^ UH O • 13

263

2058.20

264

2068.28

265

2078.36

266

2088.46

"> C^~J
i^O I

o no Q K "7

268

2108.69

269

2118.83

270

2128.98

271

2139.15

272

2 149 .32

273

2159.51

274

2169.71

275

2179.93

276

2190.16

O "7 7

o o /I n /< A
£^0U , 4U

278

2210.65

279

2220.92

280

2231.20

281

2241.50

282

2251.80

283

2262.12

284

2272.45

285

2282.80

286

2293.15

28 7

O Q A a CO
C. 3\j ^ C.

288

2313.91

289

2324.30

290

2334.71

291

2345.13

292

2355.,56

293

2366.01

294

2376.47

295

2386.94

296

2397.42

297

2407,92

298

2418.42

299

2428.94

300 2439.48

S dS/dT

9.753 13.90

9.767 13.87

9.781 13.84

9.794 13.81

9.808 13.78

9.822 13.75

9.836 13.72

9.849 13.69

9.863 13.66

9.877 13.63

9.890 13.61

9.904 13.58

9.917 13.55

9.931 13.52

9.944 13.49

9.958 13.47

9.971 13.44

9.985 13.41

9.998 13.39

10.012 13.36

10.025 13.33

10.038 13.31

10.062 13.28

10.065 13.26

10.078 13.23

10.091 13.21

10.105 13.18

10.118 13.16

10.131 13.13

10.144 13.11

10.157 13.08

10.170 13.06

10.183 13.03

10.196 13.01

10.209 12.99

10.222 12.96

10.235 12.94

10.248 12.92

10.261 12.89

10.274 12.87

10.287 12.85

10.300 12.83

10.312 12.80

10.325 12.78

10.338 12.76

10.351 12.74

10.363 12.72

10.376 12.70

10.389 12.67

10.401 12.65

10.414 12.63

10.427 12.61

10.439 12.59

10.452 12.57

10.464 12.55

10.477 12.53

10.490 12.51

10.502 12.49

10.514 12.47

10.527 12.45

10.539 12.43

T

E

•c

300

2439.48

301

2450.02

302

303

2471.15

304

2481.73

305

2492.33

306

2502.94

307

2513 , 56

308

2524,19

309

2534.83

310

2545.49

311

2556.16

312

2566. 84

313

2577.53

314

2588.24

315

2598.96

316

2609.69

317

262 0.43

318

2631.18

319

2641.95

320

2652.73

321

2663.52

"5 9 9

323

2685.13

324

2695.96

325

2706.80

326

2717.65

327

£. f ^ O • J i

328

2739.39

329

2750.27

330

2761.17

331

2772.08

332

<£ f o3 . 00

333

2793.94

334

2804.88

335

2815.84

336

2826.81

337

338

2848.79

339

2859.79

340

2870.81

341

2881.84

342

343

2903.93

344

2914.99

345

2926.07

346

2937.15

347

2948 .25

348

2959.36

349

2970.49

350

2981.62

351

2992.77

352

3003.92

353

3015.09

354

3026.27

355

3037.46

356

3048.67

357

3059.88

358

3071.11

359

3082.35

360 3093.60

S dS/dT

10.539 12.43

10.552 12.41

10.564 12.39

10.577 12.37

10.589 12.36

10.601 12.34

10.614 12.32

10.626 12.30

10.638 12.28

10.651 12.26

10.663 12.25

10.675 12.23

10.687 12.21

10.699 12.19

10.712 12.18

10.724 12.16

10.736 12.14

10,748 12,12

10.760 12.11

10.772 12.09

10.784 12,07

10.796 12.06

10.808 12.04

10.820 12.02

10.833 12.01

10,845 11.99

10.856 11.98

10.868 11.96

10.880 11.94

10.892 11.93

10.904 11.91

10.916 11.90

10.928 11.88

10.940 11.87

10.952 11.85

10.964 11.84

10,975 11.82

10.987 11.81

10.999 11.80

11.011 11.78

11.023 11.77

11.034 11.75

11.046 11.74

11.058 11.72

11.070 11.71

11.081 11.70

11.093 11.68

11.105 11.67

11.116 11.66

11.128 11.64

11.140 11.63

11.151 11.62

11.163 11.60

11.174 11.59

11.186 11.58

11.198 11.57

11.209 11.55

11.221 11.54

11.232 11.53

11.244 11.52

11,255 11.50

66

Table 4.4.2. Type BP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt— 67 — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck
coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

"C

uV
r-'

360

3093.60

361

3104. 86

362

3116. 13

363

3127.41

364

3138.71

365

3150.02

366

3161.33

367

3172.66

368

3184.01

369

3195.36

370

3206.72

371

3218.10

372

3229.48

373

3240.88

374

3252.29

375

3263.71

■a "7 A

D ^ ( !? « 1 H-

377

3286.59

378

3298.04

379

3309.51

380

3320.99

'9 Q 1

DO L

5 0 0 d

382

3343.98

383

3355.49

384

3367.01

385

3378.54

386

387

3401.64

388

3413.21

389

3424.79

390

3436.38

391

3447 . 98

392

3459.59

393

3471.22

394

3482.85

395

3494.50

396

3506. 15

397

3517.82

398

3529.50

399

3541.19

400

3552.89

401

3564. 60

402

3576.33

403

3588.06

404

3599.81

40 5

3611.56

406

407

3635.11

408

3646.90

409

3658.70

410

3670.51

411

3682.34

412

3694.17

413

3706.01

414

3717.87

415

3729.74

416

3741.61

417

3753.50

418

3765.40

419

3777.31

420 3789.23

s

dS/dT

/iV/°C

11.255

11.50

i J. • ^0 1

1 1 • A-9

11.278

11.48

11.290

11.47

11.301

11.46

11.313

11.45

lie 3^*f

i i . 45

11.336

11.42

11.347

11.41

11.358

11.40

11.370

11.39

11.381

11.38

11.393

11.37

11.404

11.35

11.415

11.34

11.427

11.33

11* t^DO

11 "^0
L i % Dd

11.449

11.31

11.461

11.30

11.472

11.29

11.483

11.28

11 A OA

1 1 97

11.506

11.26

11.517

11.25

11.528

11.24

11.539

11.23

* 1 . -) 1

X 1 .

11.562

11.21

11.573

11.20

11.584

11.19

11.595

11.18

11.607

11.17

11.618

11. 16

11.629

11.15

11.640

11.14

11.651

11.13

11. 662

11. 13

11.673

11.12

11.685

11.11

11.696

11.10

11.707

11.09

11.718

11.08

11.729

11.07

11.740

11.06

11.751

11.06

11.762

11.05

1 i • I Id

11. 04

11.784

11.03

11.795

11.02

11.806

11.01

11.817

11.00

11.828

1 1 nr»
i. 1 . u u

11.839

10.99

11.850

10.98

11.861

10.97

11.872

10.97

11.883

10.96

11 .894

10.95

11.905

10.94

11.916

10.93

11.927

10.93

T E

420 3789.23

421 3801.17

422 3813.11

423 3825.06

424 3837.03

425 3849.00

426 3860.99

427 3872.99

428 3885.00

429 3897.02

430 3909.05

431 3921.09

432 3933.14

433 3945.20

434 3957.28

435 3969.36

436 3981.46

437 3993.56

438 4005.68

439 4017.81

440 4029.95

441 4042.10

442 4054.26

443 4066.43

444 4078.61

445 4090.80

446 4103.00

447 4115.22

448 4127.44

449 4139.68

450 4151.92

451 4164.18

452 4176.45

453 4188.73

454 4201.02

455 4213.32

456 4225.63

457 4237.95

458 4250.28

459 4262.62

460 4274.98

461 4287.34

462 4299.71

463 4312.10

464 4324.49

465 4336.90

466 4349.32

467 4361.75

468 4374.18

469 4386.63

470 4399.09

471 4411.56

472 4424.04

473 4436.53

474 4449.04

475 4461.55

476 4474.07

477 4486.61

478 4499.15

479 4511.71

480 4524.27

S dS /dT

fi.\J/°C nWC^

11.927 10.93

11.938 10.92

11.949 10.91

11.960 10.90

11.971 10.90

11.981 10.89

11.992 10.88

12.003 10.88

12.014 10.87

12.025 10.86

12.036 10.85

12.047 10.85

12.057 10.84

12.068 10.83

12.079 10.83

12.090 10.82

12.101 10.81

12.112 10.81

12,122 10.80

12.133 10.79

12.144 10.79

12.155 10.78

12.166 10.77

12.176 10.77

12.187 10.76

12.198 10.76

12.209 10.75

12.219 10.74

12.230 10.74

12.241 10.73

12.252 10.72

12.262 10.72

12.273 10.71

12.284 10.71

12.294 10.70

12.305 10.69

12.316 10.69

12.326 10.68

12.337 10.68

12.348 10.67

12.358 10.67

12.369 10.66

12.380 10.66

12.390 10.65

12.401 10.64

12.412 10.64

12.422 10.63

12.433 10.63

12.444 10.62

12.454 10.62

12.465 10.61

12.475 10.61

12.486 10.60

12.497 10.60

12.507 10.59

12.518 10.59

12.528 10.58

12.539 10.58

12.550 10.57

12.560 10.57

12.571 10.56

T E

"C

480 4524.27

481 4536.85

482 4549.43

483 4562.03

484 4574.64

485 4587.26

486 4599.89

487 4612.52

488 4625.17

489 4637.83

490 4650.51

491 4663.19

492 4675.88

493 4688.58

494 4701.29

495 4714.02

496 4726.75

497 4739.50

498 4752.25

499 4765.02

500 4777.79

501 4790.58

502 4803.37

503 4816.18

504 4829.00

505 4841.83

506 4854.67

507 4867.52

508 4880.37

509 4893.24

510 4906.13

511 4919.02

512 4931.92

513 4944.83

514 4957.75

515 4970.68

516 4983.63

517 4996.58

518 5009.54

519 5022.52

520 5035.50

521 5048,50

522 5061.50

523 5074.52

524 5087.54

525 5100.58

526 5113.63

527 5126.68

528 5139.76

529 5152.83

530 5165.92

531 5179.01

532 5192.12

533 5205.24

534 5218.37

535 5231.51

536 5244.66

537 5257.82

538 5270.99

539 5284.17

540 5297.37

S dS/dT

12.571 10.56

12.581 10.56

12.592 10.55

12.602 10.55

12.613 10.54

12.623 10.54

12.634 10.53

12.645 10.53

12.655 10.52

12.666 10.52

12.676 10.51

12.687 10.51

12.697 10.51

12.708 10.50

12.718 10.50

12.729 10.49

12.739 10.49

12.750 10.48

12.760 10.48

12.771 10.47

12.781 10.47

12.792 10.47

12.802 10.46

12.812 10.46

12.823 10.45

12.833 10.45

12.844 10.45

12.854 10.44

12.865 10.44

12.875 10.43

12.886 10.43

12.896 10.42

12.906 10.42

12.917 10.42

12.927 10.41

12.938 10.41

12.948 10.40

12.958 10.40

12.969 10.40

12.979 10.39

12.990 10.39

13.000 10.39

13.010 10.38

13.021 10.38

13.031 10.37

13.042 10.37

13.052 10.37

13.062 10.36

13.073 10.36

13.083 10.36

13.093 10.35

13.104 10.35

13.114 10.34

13.124 10.34

13.135 10.34

13.145 10.33

13.155 10.33

13.166 10.33

13.176 10.32

13.186 10.32

13.197 10.32

67

Table 4.4.2. Type BP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt— 67 — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck

coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

"C

aV

540

5297.37

541

5310.57

542

5323.78

543

5337.00

544

5350.24

545

5363.48

546

5376.73

547

R 3<5n - r»n

548

5403.27

549

5416.55

550

5429.85

551

5443.15

5456. 47

553

5469.79

554

5483.13

555

5496.47

556

5509.83

557

5523.20

558

5536.57

559

5549.96

560

5563.36

561

5576.77

562

5590.18

563

5603.61

564

5617.05

565

5630.50

566

5643.96

568

5670.90

569

5684.39

570

5697.89

571

5711.40

J 1 c.

5738.45

574

5751.99

575

5765.54

576

5779.10

577

5792.67

578

5806.26

579

5819.85

580

5833.45

581

5847.06

JOC.

13 O D U . D O

583

5874.31

584

5887.96

585

5901.61

586

5915.27

K P "7

592 8 • 9A-

588

5942.63

589

5956.32

590

5970.02

591

5983.74

c.

5997 #46

593

6011.19

594

6024.94

595

6038.69

596

6052.46

597

6066.23

598

6080.01

599

6093.81

600

6107.61

S dS/dT

13.197 10.32

13.207 10.31

13.217 10.31

13.228 10.30

13.238 10.30

13.248 10.30

13.258 10.29

13.269 10.29

13.279 10.29

13.289 10.28

13.300 10.28

13.310 10.28

13.320 10.27

13.330 10.27

13.341 10.27

13.351 10.26

13.361 10.26

13.372 10.26

13.382 10.25

13.392 10.25

13.402 10.25

13.413 10.24

13.423 10.24

13.433 10.24

13.443 10.23

13.453 10.23

13.464 10.23

13.474 10.23

13.484 10.22

13.494 10.22

13.505 10.22

13.515 10.21

13.525 10.21

13.535 10.21

13.545 10.20

13.556 10.20

13.566 10.20

13.576 10.19

13.586 10.19

13.596 10.19

13.607 10.18

13.617 10.18

13.627 10.18

13.637 10.17

13.647 10.17

13.657 10.17

13.668 10.17

13.678 10.16

13.688 10.16

13.698 10.16

13.708 10.15

13.718 10.15

13.729 10.15

13.739 10.14

13.749 10.14

13.759 10.14

13.769 10.14

13.779 10.13

13.789 10.13

13.800 10.13

13.810 10.12

T

E

"C

liV
r "

600

6107.61

601

6121.43

602

6135 .25

603

6149.09

604

6162.93

605

6176.79

606

6190.65

607

6 20^+ • 5 3

608

6218.41

609

6232.31

610

6246.22

611

6260.13

O 1 c.

D c 1 H- • U O

613

6287.99

614

6301.94

615

6315.90

616

6329.86

617

6343 . 84

618

6357.82

619

6371.82

620

6385.83

621

6399.84

D £ ^

DM- 1 5 . 0 I

623

6427.91

624

6441.95

625

6456.01

626

6470.08

A/i Q/> It;
0*4- OH • 19

628

6498.24

629

6512.34

630

6526.45

631

6540.56

9

O D ^

6554.69

633

6568.83

634

6582.97

635

6597. 13

636

6611.30

637

6625 . 48

638

6639,66

639

6653.86

640

6668.07

641

6682.28

0 0 70 • 9 1

643

6710.75

644

6725.00

645

6739.25

646

6753.52

647

6767 • 80

648

6782.08

649

6796.38

650

6810.69

651

6825.01

652

6839.33

653

6853.67

654

6868.02

655

6882.37

656

6896.74

657

6911.12

658

6925.50

659

6939.90

660 6954.31

S dS/dT

fiWC nV/'C^

13.810 10.12

13.820 10.12

13.830 10.12

13.840 10.11

13.850 10.11

13.860 10.11

13.870 10.11

13.880 10.10

13.891 10.10

13.901 10.10

13.911 10.09

13.921 10.09

13.931 10.09

13.941 10.08

13.951 10.08

13.961 10.08

13.971 10.08

13.981 10.07

13.991 10.07

14.001 10.07

14.012 10.06

14.022 10.06

14.032 10.06

14.042 10.06

14.052 10.05

14.062 10.05

14.072 10.05

14.082 10.04

14.092 10.04

14.102 10.04

14.112 10.03

14.122 10.03

14.132 10.03

14.142 10.03

14.152 10.02

14.162 10.02

14.172 10.02

14.182 10.01

14.192 10.01

14.202 10.01

14.212 10.00

14.222 10.00

14.232 10.00

14.242 10.00

14.252 9.99

14.262 9.99

14.272 9.99

14.282 9.98

14.292 9.98

14.302 9.98

14.312 9.98

14.322 9.97

14.332 9.97

14.342 9.97

14.352 9.96

14.362 9.96

14.372 9.96

14.382 9.95

14.392 9.95

14.402 9.95

14.412 9.95

T

E

Of

660

6954.31

661

6968.73

AA 9

663

6997.59

664

7012.03

665

7026.49

666

7040.96

667

7055 .43

668

7069.92

669

7084.42

670

7098.92

671

7113.44

672

7127.96

673

7142.50

674

7157.05

675

7171.60

676

7186.17

677

72 00 . 74

678

7215.33

679

7229.92

680

7244.53

681

7259.14

A ft 9

7 9 7-3 77

683

7288.40

684

7303.05

685

7317.70

686

7332.37

68 7

7347.04

688

7361.72

689

7376.42

690

7391.12

691

7405.84

692

742 0.56

693

7435.29

694

7450.04

695

7464.79

696

7479.55

697

749if, 32

698

7509.11

699

7523.90

700

7538.70

701

7553.51

702

7568. 34

703

7583.17

704

7598.01

705

7612.86

706

7627.72

707

7642 .59

708

7657.47

709

7672.36

710

7687.26

711

7702.17

719

7717.09

713

7732.02

714

7746.96

715

7761.91

716

7776.87

717

7791.84

718

7806.82

719

7821.80

720

7836.80

s

dS/dT

n\//
n V/ v»

14.412

9.95

14.422

9.94

1 4« 432

14.442

9.94

14.451

9.93

14.461

9.93

14.471

9.93

14. 48 1

Q Q 9

14.491

9.92

14.501

9.92

14.511

9.91

14.521

9.91

14.531

9.91

14.541

9.91

14.551

9.90

14.561

9.90

14.570

9.90

14. 580

9.89

14.590

9.89

14.600

9.89

14.610

9.88

14.620

9.88

± H • 0 J U

14.640

9.87

14.650

9.87

14.659

9.87

14.669

9.87

14. 679

9.86

14.689

9.86

14.699

9.86

14.709

9.85

14.719

9.85

1 Zl 7 9fl

V • 0 9

14.738

9.34

14.748

9,84

14.758

9.84

14.768

9,83

14. 778

9,83

14.787

9.83

14.797

9.82

14.807

9.82

14.817

9.82

14.827

9.82

14.837

9.81

14.846

9.81

14.856

9.81

14.866

9,80

14.876

9*80

14.886

9.80

14.895

9.79

14.905

9.79

14.915

9.79

14.925

9.78

14.934

9,78

14.944

9.78

14.954

9.77

14.964

9.77

14.974

9.77

14.983

9.76

14.993

9.76

15.003 9.76

68

Table 4.4.2. Type BP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt— 67 — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck
coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T E

720 7836.80

721 7851.81

722 7866,83

723 7881.86

724 7896.89

725 7911. 9A

726 7927.00

727 7942.06

728 7957.14

729 7972.22

730 7987.32

731 8002.42

732 8017.54

733 8032.66

734 8047.80

S dS/dT

15.003 9.76

15.013 9.75

15.022 9.75

15.032 9.75

15.042 9.74

15.052 9.74

15.061 9.74

15.071 9.73

15.081 9.73

15.091 9.73

15.100 9.72

15.110 9.72

15.120 9.72

15.129 9.71

15.139 9.71

T E
•C /iV

780 8754.41

781 8770.00

782 8785.59

783 8801.20

784 8816.82

785 8832.44

786 8848.07

787 8863.72

788 8879.37

789 8895.04

790 8910.71

791 8926.39

792 8942.08

793 8957.78

794 8973.49

S dS/dT

15.582 9.54

15.591 9.54

15.601 9.53

15.611 9.53

15.620 9.53

15.630 9.52

15.639 9.52

15.649 9.51

15.658 9.51

15.668 9.51

15.677 9.50

15,687 9.50

15.696 9.49

15,706 9,49

15,715 9.49

T E
•C /iV

840 9706.36

841 9722.51

842 9738.67

843 9754.84

844 9771.02

845 9787.21

846 9803.41

847 9819.61

848 9835.83

849 9852.06

850 9868.29

851 9884.54

852 9900.79

853 9917.05

854 9933.33

S dS/dT

/iV/°C nV/X^

16.147 9,29

16,156 9,29

16.166 9,28

16.175 9.28

16,184 9.27

16.193 9.27

16.203 9.26

16,212 9,26

16.221 9.25

16.231 9.25

16.240 9.24

16.249 9.24

16.258 9.23

16.267 9.23

16.277 9.23

735 8062.94

736 8078.10

737 8093.26

738 8108.43

739 8123.61

15.149 9,71

15,159 9,70

15,168 9.70

15,178 9.69

15.188 9.69

795 8989.21

796 9004.94

797 9020.68

798 9036.43

799 9052.19

15.725 9.48

15.734 9.48

15.744 9.47

15.753 9.47

15.763 9.47

855 9949.61

856 9965.90

857 9982.20

858 9998.51

859 10014.82

16.286 9.22

16.295 9.22

16.304 9.21

16.314 9.21

16.323 9.20

740 8138.81

741 8154.01

742 8169.22

743 8184.44

744 8199.67

745 8214,91

746 8230,17

747 8245,43

748 8260.70

749 8275.97

750 8291.26

751 8306.56

752 8321.87

753 8337.19

754 8352.52

755 8367.85

756 8383.20

757 8398.56

758 8413,92

759 8429,30

760 8444,69

761 8460,08

762 8475,49

763 8490.90

764 8506.32

765 8521.76

766 8537.20

767 8552.65

768 8568.12

769 8583.59

770 8599.07

771 8614.56

772 8630.06

773 8645.57

774 8661.09

775 8676.62

776 8692.16

777 8707.71

778 8723,27

779 8738,83

780 8754,41

15,197 9,69

15,207 9.68

15.217 9.68

15.226 9.68

15.236 9.67

15.246 9.67

15.255 9.67

15.265 9.66

15.275 9.66

15.284 9.66

15.294 9.65

15.304 9.65

15.313 9.65

15,323 9,64

15,333 9,64

15,342 9,63

15,352 9,63

15.361 9.63

15.371 9.62

15.381 9.62

15.390 9.62

15.400 9,61

15,410 9.61

15,419 9.61

15.429 9,60

15,438 9,60

15,448 9,59

15,458 9,59

15,467 9,59

15,477 9,58

15.486 9.58

15.496 9.58

15.505 9,57

15,515 9,57

15,525 9,56

15,534 9.56

15.544 9.56

15.553 9.55

15,563 9,55

15,572 9,55

15,582 9,54

800

9067,95

801

9083 , 73

802

9099 • 52

803

9115.31

80A

9131.12

805

9 1 A-6 . 93

806

9162 . 76

OU f

R n fl
o u o

809

9210,28

810

9226,15

811

9242,02

812

9257,90

813

9273,79

814

9289,69

815

9305,60

816

9321,51

817

9337,44

818

9353,38

819

9369,32

820

9385.28

821

9401.25

822

9417.22

823

9433.20

824

9449.20

825

9465.20

826

9481.21

827

9497.23

828

9513.26

829

9529.30

830

9545.35

831

9561.41

832

9577.48

833

9593.56

834

9609.64

835

9625.74

836

9641.84

837

9657,96

838

9674,08

839

9690,22

840 9706,36

15,772 9,46

15,781 9,46

15.791 9.45

15.800 9.45

15.810 9.45

15.819 9.44

15.829 9.44

15.838 9.43

15.848 9.43

15.857 9.42

15.866 9.42

15.876 9.42

15.885 9.41

15.895 9.41

15.904 9.40

15.913 9.40

15,923 9,40

15.932 9.39

15.942 9.39

15.951 9.38

15.960 9.38

15.970 9.37

15.979 9.37

15,989 9.37

15.998 9.36

16.007 9.36

16.017 9.35

16.026 9.35

16.035 9.34

16.045 9.34

16.054 9.33

16.063 9.33

16.073 9.33

16.082 9.32

16.091 9.32

16,101 9,31

16.110 9.31

16.119 9.30

16.128 9.30

16.138 9.29

16.147 9.29

860 10031,15

861 10047,49

862 10063,83

863 10080,19

864 10096.55

865 10112.93

866 10129.31

867 10145.70

868 10162.10

869 10178.51

870 10194.93

871 10211.36

872 10227,80

873 10244,24

874 10260.70

875 10277.16

876 10293.64

877 10310.12

878 10326.61

879 10343.11

880 10359.62

881 10376.14

882 10392.67

883 10409.21

884 10425.76

885 10442.31

886 10458.88

887 10475.45

888 10492.03

889 10508.63

890 10525.23

891 10541.84

892 10558,46

893 10575.08

894 10591,72

895 10608,37

896 10625,02

897 10641,69

898 10658,36

899 10675,04

900 10691.73

16.332 9.20

16.341 9.19

16.350 9.19

16.360 9.18

16.369 9.18

16.378 9.17

16.387 9.17

16.396 9.16

16.405 9.16

16.415 9.15

16.424 9.15

16.433 9.14

16.442 9.14

16.451 9.13

16.460 9.13

16.469 9.12

16.478 9.12

16.488 9.11

16.497 9.11

16,506 9,10

16,515 9,10

16.524 9.09

16.533 9,05

16.542 9.08

16.551 9.08

16.560 9.07

16.569 9.07

16.578 9.06

16.588 9.06

16.597 9.05

16.606 9.05

16.615 9.04

16.624 9.04

16.633 9.03

16.642 9.03

16.651 9.02

16.660 9.01

16.669 9.01

16.678 9.00

16.687 9.00

16.696 8.99

69

Table 4.4.2. Type BP thermoelements versus platinum. Pi— 67 — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck
coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

s

dS/dT

T

E

S

dS/dT

T

E

s

dS /dT

•c

aV

r

°c

/iV

|iV/°C

"C

/iV

900

10691.73

16.696

8.99

960

11709.47

17.225

8.64

1020

12758.29

17,731

8.21

901

10708.44

16.705

8 . 99

961

11726.70

17.234

8.63

1021

12776.02

17. 739

8.21

902

10725.14

16.714

8.98

962

11743.94

17.242

8.63

1022

12793.77

17.748

8.20

903

10741.86

16.723

8.98

963

11761. 18

17.251

8.62

1023

12811.52

17.756

8.19

904

10758.59

16.732

8.97

964

11778.44

17.260

8.61

1024

12829.28

17. 764

8.18

905

10775.33

16.741

8.97

965

11795.70

17.268

8.61

1025

12847.04

17.772

8. 18

906

10792 .07

16.750

8.96

966

11812.98

17.277

8.60

1026

12864.82

17.780

8.17

907

10808.83

16.759

8.96

967

11830.26

17.285

8.59

1027

12882.61

17.788

8.16

908

10825.59

16.768

8.95

968

11847.55

17.294

8.59

1028

12900.40

17.797

8.15

909

10842.36

16.777

8.94

969

11864.85

17.303

8.58

1029

12918.20

17.805

8.14

910

10859.14

16.786

8.94

970

11882.15

17.311

8.57

1030

12936.01

17.813

8.14

911

10875.93

16 . 794

8.93

971

11899. 47

17.320

8.57

1031

12953 . 82

17.821

8.13

912

10892.73

16,803

8.93

972

11916.79

17.328

8.56

1032

12971.65

17.829

8.12

913

10909.54

16.812

8.92

973

11934.12

17.337

8.55

1033

12989.48

17,837

8.11

914

10926.36

16.821

8.92

974

11951.47

17.345

8.55

1034

13007.32

17.845

8.10

915

10943.18

16.830

8.91

975

11968.82

17.354

8.54

1035

13025.17

17.853

8.09

916

10960.02

16.839

8.91

976

11986. 17

17.363

8.53

1036

13043.03

17.862

8.09

917

10976.86

16.848

8.90

977

12003.54

17.371

8.53

1037

13060.90

17.870

8.08

918

10993.71

16.857

8.89

978

12020.92

17.380

8.52

1038

13078. 77

17.878

8.07

919

11010.57

16.866

8.89

979

12038.30

17,388

8.51

1039

13096.65

17.886

8.06

920

11027.44

16.875

8.88

980

12055.69

17.397

3.51

1040

13114.54

17.894

8.05

921

11044.32

16.883

8.88

981

12073.09

17.405

8.50

1041

13132.44

17.902

8.05

922

11061.21

16.892

8,C7

982

12090.50

17.414

8.49

1042

13150.35

17.910

8.04

923

11078.11

16.901

8,87

983

12107.92

17.422

8.49

1043

13168.26

17.918

8.03

924

11095.01

16.910

8,86

984

12125.35

17.431

8 .48

1044

13186. 18

17.926

8.02

925

11111.93

16.919

8,85

985

12142.78

17.439

8.47

1045

13204. 1 1

17.934

8.01

926

11128.85

16.928

8,85

986

12160.22

17.448

8.47

1046

13222.05

17.942

8.00

927

11145.78

16.937

8,84

987

12177.68

17.456

8.46

1047

13240.00

17.950

8.00

928

11162.72

16.945

8,84

988

12195. 14

17.464

8.45

1048

13257 , 95

17.958

7.99

929

11179.67

16.954

8.83

989

12212.61

17.473

3 .44

1049

13275.91

17.966

7.98

930

11196.63

16.963

8.82

990

12230.08

17.481

8 .44

1050

13293 . 88

17.974

7.97

931

11213.60

16.972

8.82

991

12247.57

17.490

8.43

1051

13311.86

17.982

7.96

932

11230.58

16.981

8.81

992

12265.06

17.498

8.42

1052

13329.85

17.990

7.95

933

11247.56

16.990

8.81

993

12282.56

17.507

8 .42

1053

13347,84

17.998

7.94

934

11264.56

16.998

8.80

994

12300.08

17.515

8.41

1054

13365,84

18.006

7.94

935

11281.56

17.007

8.79

995

12317,59

17.523

8.40

1055

13383,85

18.014

7.93

936

11298.57

17.016

8 . 79

996

12335, 12

17.532

8.39

1056

1340 1.87

18.022

7.92

937

11315.59

17.025

8.78

997

12352,66

17.540

8.39

1057

13419.89

18.030

7.91

938

11332.62

17.034

8.78

998

12370,20

17.549

8.38

1058

13437.93

18.037

7.90

939

11349.66

17.042

8.77

999

12387.76

17.557

8.37

1059

13455.97

18.045

7.89

940

11366.70

17.051

8,76

1000

12405.32

17.565

8.37

1060

13474.02

18.053

7.88

941

lxJ03. ID

17 060

O • r o

1 UU 1

1£.*T^ ^ • O 7

J. / . 3 1 f

8 • 36

1 U D 1

18, 06 1

7.87

942

11400.82

17.069

8.75

1002

12440.46

17.582

8.35

1062

13510,14

18.069

7,86

943

11417.90

17.077

8.75

1003

12458.05

17.590

8.34

1063

13528,21

18.077

7.86

944

11434.98

17.086

8.74

1004

12475.64

17.599

8.34

1064

13546.29

18.085

7.85

945

11452.07

17.095

8.73

1005

12493.25

17.607

8.33

1065

13564.38

18.093

7.84

946

11469. 17

17.104

8.73

1006

12510 . 86

17.615

8.32

1066

13582 .48

18. 100

7.83

947

11486.28

17.112

8.72

1007

12528.48

17.624

8.31

1067

13600.58

18. 108

7.82

948

11503.39

17.121

8.72

1008

12546.11

17.632

8.31

1068

13618,70

18o 116

7.81

949

11620.52

17.130

8.71

1009

12563.74

17.640

8.30

1069

13636,82

18. 124

7.80

950

11537.65

17.138

8.70

1010

12581.39

17.649

8.29

1070

13654,94

18. 132

7,79

951

11554. 79

17. 147

8 , 70

1011

12599 . 04

17.657

8.28

1071

13673.08

18, 139

7.78

952

11571.95

17.156

8.69

1012

12616.70

17.665

8.28

1072

13691.22

18, 147

7.77

953

11589.1 1

17. 165

8.68

1013

12634.37

17.673

8.27

1073

13709.37

18,155

7.77

954

11606.28

17, 173

8.68

1014

12652.05

17.682

8.26

1074

13727.53

18. 163

7.76

955

11623.45

17.182

8.67

1015

12669.73

17.690

8.25

1075

13745.70

18.170

7,75

956

11640.64

17.191

8.67

1016

12687.43

17.698

8.25

1076

13763.87

18.178

7,74

957

11657.83

17.199

8.66

1017

12705.13

17.706

8.24

1077

13782.06

18.186

7.73

958

11675.04

17.208

8.65

1018

12722.84

17.715

8.23

1078

13800.25

18. 194

7.72

959

11692.25

17.216

8.65

1019

12740.56,

17,723

8.22

1079

13818.44

18.201

7,71

960

11709.47

17.225

8.64

1020

12758.29

17,731

8.21

1080

13836.65

18.209

7,70

70

Table 4.4.2. Type BP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck
coefficients, S(T), artd first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

"C

1080

13836.65

1081

13854.86

1082

13873.08

1083

13891.31

1084

13909. 55

1085

13927.79

1086

13946.04

1087

13964. 30

1088

13982.57

1089

14000.84

1090

14019.12

1091

14037.41

1092

14055.71

1093

14074.01

1094

14092.33

1095

14110.65

1096

14128,97

1097

14147.31

1098

14165.65

1099

14184.00

1100

14202.36

1101

14220.72

1102

14239.09

1103

14257.47

1104

14275 .86

1105

14294.26

1106

14312.66

1107

14331.07

1108

14349,49

1109

14367.91

1110

14386.34

1111

14404.78

1112

14423,23

1113

14441,68

1114

14460,14

1115

14478,61

1116

14497,09

1117

14515.57

1118

14534.06

1119

14552.56

1120

14571.07

1121

14589.58

1122

14608, 10

1123

14626,63

1124

14645, 16

1125

14663,70

1126

14682.25

1127

14700, 81

1128

14719,37

1129

14737,94

1130

14756,52

1131

14775,11

1132

14793,70

1133

14812,30

1134

14830,91

1135

14849,52

1136

14868,14

1137

14886,77

1138

14905.40

1139

14924.05

1140

14942.70

S dS/dT

nV/'C^

18.209
18.217
18.224
18.232
18.240

7.70
7.69
7.68
7.67
7.66

18.247
18.255
18.263
18.270
18.278

7.65
7.64
7.63
7.62
7.61

18.286
18.293
18.301
18.308
18.316

7.60
7.59
7.58
7.57
7.56

18.323
18.331
18.339
18.346
18.354

7.55
7.54
7.53
7.52
7.51

18.361
18.369
18.376
18.384
18,391

7.50
7.49
7,48
7,47
7,46

18,399
18,406
18,413
18,421
18,428

7.45
7.44
7.43
7.42
7.41

18,436
18,443
18,450
18,458
18,465

7,40
7.39
7.38
7,37
7.36

18.473
18.480
18.487
18.495
18.502

7.35
7.34
7.33
7.32
7.31

18,509
18,516
18.524
18.531
18.538

7.30
7.29
7.27
7,26
7.25

18.546
18.553
18.560
18.567
18.574

7.24
7.23
7.22

7,21
7.20

18.582
18.589
18,596
18.603
18.610

7.19
7.18
7.17
7.15
7,14

18.617
18.625
18.632

18.639
18. 646

7,13
7.12
7.11
7.10
7.09

18.653

7.07

T

E

"C

1140

14942.70

1141

14961.35

1 142

14980 . OZ

1 143

14998 . 69

1 144

15017.36

1145

15036.05

1146

15054.74

1 147

15073.44

1148

15092. 14

1 149

15110.86

1150

15129.58

1151

15148.30

1152

15167.04

1153

15 185, 78

1154

15204.52

1155

15223.28

1156

15242.04

1157

15260.81

1158

15279. 58

1159

15298.36

1160

15317.15

1161

15335.95

1162

15354 . 75

1163

1 5 373 .56

1 164

15392.38

1165

15411.20

1166

15430.03

1167

15448 • 86

1168

15467, 71

1169

15486. 56

1170

15505.41

1171

15624.28

1172

15543. 15

1173

15562.02

1174

15580.91

1175

15599.80

1176

15618.69

1177

15637. 60

1178

15656.51

1179

15675.42

1180

15694.34

1181

15713.27

1182

15732 . 2 1

1183

15751 .15

1 184

15770 .10

1185

15789.06

1186

15808.02

1187

15826.99

1 188

15845 .97

1189

15864.95

1190

15883.94

1191

15902.93

1192

1592 1.93

1193

15940.94

1194

15959.95

1195

15978.97

1196

15998.00

1197

16017.03

1198

16036.07

1199

16055. 12

1200

16074.17

s

dS/dT

nV/°C^

18.653

7.07

18.660

7.06

18. 667

7,05

18.674

7,04

18.681

7.03

18.688

7.02

18.695

7.00

18. 702

6.99

18. 709

6 . 98

18.716

6.97

18.723

6.96

18.730

6.95

18. 737

6.93

18.744

6.92

18.751

6.91

18.758

6.90

18.765

6.89

18,771

6.87

18,778

6.86

18 , 785

6.85

18,792

6.84

18,799

6.83

18, 806

6.81

18,813

6.80

18,819

6 . 79

18,826

6.78

18,833

6.76

18. 840

6.75

18.846

6.74

18.853

6.73

18,860

6.71

18,867

6.70

18,873

6.69

18,880

6.68

18. 887

6.66

18.893

6.65

18.900

6.64

18,907

6.62

18,913

6.61

18.920

6.60

18.926

6.59

18.933

6.57

18,939

6.56

18,946

6,55

18.953

6,53

18.959

6,52

18.966

6,51

18.972

6.49

18.979

6.48

18,985

6.47

18. 992

6 . 45

18.998

6.44

19.004

6.43

19.011

6.41

19.017

6.40

19.024

6.39

19.030

6.37

19.036

6.36

19.043

6.34

19.049

6.33

19.055 6.32

T

E

"C

1200

16074.17

1201

16093.23

1202

16112.29

1203

16131.37

1204

16150.44

1205

16169.53

1206

16188.62

1207

1620 7.71

1208

16226.81

1209

16245.92

1210

16265.04

1211

16284.16

1212

16303.29

1213

16322.42

1214

16341.56

1215

16360.70

1216

16379.86

1217

16399.01

1218

16418. 18

1219

16437. 35

1220

16456.52

1221

16475.70

1222

16494 .89

1223

lo514 . 09

1224

16533 . 29

1225

16552.49

1226

16571.70

1227

16590 . 92

1228

16610. 15

1229

16629.37

1230

16648.61

1231

16667.85

1232

16687.10

1233

16706, 35

1234

16725.61

1235

16744.88

1236

16764. 15

1237

16783.42

1238

16802.70

1239

1682 1.99

1240

16841.29

1241

16860.59

1242

16879. 89

1243

16899.20

1244

16918 . 52

1245

16937,84

1246

16957,17

1247

16976, 50

1248

16995.84

1249

17015. 18

1250

17034.53

1251

17053.89

1252

17073 .25

1253

17092.62

1254

17111.99

1255

17131,37

1256

17150,75

1257

17170.14

1258

17189.54

1259

17208,93

1260

17228,34

S dS/dT

19,055 6.32

19.062 6.30

19.068 6.29

19.074 6.27

19.081 6.26

19,087 6.25

19.093 6.23

19.099 6.22

19.105 6.20

19.112 6.19

19.118 6.18

19.124 6.16

19.130 6.15

19.136 6.13

19.142 6.12

19.149 6.10

19.155 6.09

19.161 6.07

19.167 6.06

19.173 6.05

19.179 6.03

19.186 6.02

19,191 6.00

19.197 6.99

19.203 6.97

19.209 5.96

19.215 5.94

19.221 5.93

19.227 5.91

19.233 5.90

19.238 5.88

19.244 5.87

19.250 5.85

19.256 5.84

19.262 5.82

19.268 5.81

19.273 6.79

19.279 5.77

19.285 5.76

19,291 5.74

19,296 5.73

19.302 6.71

19.308 6.70

19.314 6.68

19.319 5.66

19.325 6.65

19.331 5.63

19.336 5.62

19.342 5.60

19,347 5.59

19.353 5.67

19.359 5.55

19,364 6.54

19.370 5.52

19.375 5.50

19.381 6.49

19.386 5.47

19.392 6.46

19.397 6.44

19.402 6.42

19.408 5.41

71

Table 4.4.2. Type BP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt— 67 — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck
coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

»c

1260

17228.34

1261

17247.75

1262

17267.17

1263

17286.59

1264

17306.01

1265

17325.45

1266

17344.88

1267

17364.33

1268

17383.77

1269

17403.23

1270

17422,69

1271

17442. 15

1272

17461.62

1273

17481.09

1274

17500. 57

1275

17520.06

1276

17539.55

1277

17559.04

1278

17578. 54

1279

1 7598 .05

1280

176 17 . 56

1281

17637,07

1282

17656.59

1283

17676, 12

1284

17695,65

1285

17715. 18

1286

17734.72

1287

17754.27

1288

17773,82

1289

17793.37

1290

17812.93

1291

17832.50

1292

17852,07

1293

17871,64

1294

17891.22

1295

17910.81

1296

17930.39

1297

17949.99

1298

17969.59

1299

17989. 19

1300

18008,80

1301

18028.41

1302

18048.03

1303

18067.65

1304

18087.28

1305

18106.91

1306

18126.54

1307

18146.18

1308

18165.83

1309

18185.48

1310

18205. 13

1311

18224.79

1312

18244.46

1313

18264.12

1314

18283.80

1315

18303.47

1316

18323.15

1317

18342.84

1318

18362.53

1319

18382.22

1320 18401.92

S dS/dT

19.408
19.413
19.419
19.424
19.429

5.41
5.39
5.37
5.36
5.34

19.435
19.440
19.445
19.451
19.456

5.32
5.31
5.29
5.27
5.26

19.461
19.466
19.472
19.477
19.482

5.24
5.22
5.20
5.19
5.17

19.487
19.492
19.497
19.502
19.508

5.15
5. 14
5.12
5. 10

5.08

19.513
19.518
19.523
19.528
19.533

5.07
5.05
5.03
5.01
5.00

19.538
19.543
19.548
19.553
19.557

4,98
4.96
4.94
4.93
4.91

19.562
19.567
19.572
19.577
19.582

4.89
4.87
4.85
4.84
4.82

19.587
19.591
19.596
19.601
19.606

4.80
4.78
4.76
4. 74
4.73

19.610
19.615
19.620
19.624
19.629

4.71
4.69
4.67
4.65
4.63

19.634
19.638
19.643
19.647
19.652

4.62
4,60
4,58
4,56
4.54

19.657
19.661

19 • 666
19.670
19.674

4.52
4.50
4 48
4.46
4.45

19.679
19.683
19.688
19.692
19.696

4.43
4.41
4.39
4.37
4.35

19.701

4.33

T

E

°C

1320

18401.92

1321

18421 .63

1322

18441.33

1323

18461.04

1324

18480.76

1325

18500.48

1326

18520.20

1327

18539.93

1328

18559.67

1329

18579.40

1330

18599, 14

1331

18618.89

1332

18638.64

1333

18658.39

1334

18678. 15

1335

18697.91

1336

18717.68

1337

18737.45

1338

18757. 22

1339

18777. 00

1340

1 8796 .78

1341

18816.56

1342

18836.35

1343

18856 .15

1344

18875 . 94

1345

18895 . 74

1346

18915.55

1347

18935.36

1348

18955.17

1349

18974.99

1350

18994.81

1351

19014.63

1352

19034.46

1353

19054.29

1354

19074. 12

1355

19093.96

1356

19113.80

1357

19133.65

1358

19153.50

1359

19173.35

1360

19193.21

1361

19213.07

1362

19232.93

1363

19252.80

1364

19272.67

1365

19292.54

1366

19312.42

1367

19332.30

1368

19352. 18

1369

19372.07

1370

19391 ,96

1371

19411 .85

1372

19431.75

1373

19451.65

1374

19471.55

1375

19491 .46

1376

19511.37

1377

19531.28

1378

19551.20

1379

19571. 12

1380 19591.04

s

dS/dT

19.701

4.33

19.705

4.31

19.709

4.29

19.714

4.27

19.718

4.25

19.722

4.23

19.726

4.21

19.731

4.19

19.735

4.17

19.739

4.15

19.743

4. 13

19.747

4.11

19.751

4.09

19.755

4.07

19.760

4.05

19. 764

4.03

19.768

4.01

19.772

3.99

19. 776

3.97

19. 780

3.95

19. 783

3.93

19.787

3.91

19.791

3.89

19.795

3.87

19.799

3.85

19.803

3.83

19.807

3.81

19.811

3.79

19.814

3.77

19.818

3.75

19.822

3.73

19.826

3.71

19.829

3.69

19.833

3.67

19.837

3.65

19.840

3.62

19.844

3 .60

19.847

3.58

19.851

3.56

19.855

3.54

19.858

3.52

19.862

3.50

19.865

3.48

19.868

3.46

19,872

3 .43

19.875

3.41

19.879

3.39

19.882

3.37

19.886

3.35

19.889

3.33

19.892

3.31

19.895

3.28

19.899

3.26

19,902

3.24

19,905

3.22

19,908

3.20

19,912

3.17

19.915

3.15

19.918

3.13

19.921

3.11

19.924

3.09

T E

1380 19591.04

1381 19610.97

1382 19630.90

1383 19650.83

1384 19670.76

1385 19690.70

1386 19710.64

1387 19730.59

1388 19750.53

1389 19770.48

1390 19790.44

1391 19810.39

1392 19830.35

1393 19850.31

1394 19870.27

1395 19890.24

1396 19910.21

1397 19930.18

1398 19950.16

1399 19970.13

1400 19990.11

1401 20010.10

1402 20030.08

1403 20050.07

1404 20070.06

1405 20090.05

1406 20110.05

1407 20130.05

1408 20150,05

1409 20170,05

1410 20190,06

1411 20210,06

1412 20230,07

1413 20250.09

1414 20270.10

1415 20290.12

1416 20310.14

1417 20330.16

1418 20350.18

1419 20370.21

1420 20390.24

1421 20410.27

1422 20430.30

1423 20450.34

1424 20470.37

1425 20490.41

1426 20510.45

1427 20530.50

1428 20550.54

1429 20570.59

1430 20590.64

1431 20610.69

1432 20630.74

1433 20650.80

1434 20670.85

1435 20690.91

1436 20710.97

1437 20731.03

1438 20751.10

1439 20771.16

1440 20791.23

s

dS/dT

19.924

3.09

19.927

3.06

19.930

3.04

19.933

3.02

19.936

3.00

19.939

2.98

19.942

2.95

19,945

2.93

19.948

2.91

19,951

2 .89

19.954

2.86

19.957

2.84

19.960

2.82

19.962

2 .80

19.965

2.77

19.968

2.75

19.971

2.73

19.973

2.71

19. 976

2.68

19,979

2 .66

19,981

2 .64

19,984

2.61

19,987

2.59

19,989

2.57

19,992

2 .55

19,994

2 . 52

19,997

2.50

19,999

2.48

20,002

2.45

20,004

2.43

20,007

2.41

20, 009

2.38

20,011

2.36

20.014

2.34

20.016

2.31

20,018

2.29

20.021

2.27

20.023

2.24

20.025

2.22

20.027

2 .20

20.030

2.17

20.032

2.15

20.034

2.12

20.036

2.10

20.038

2.08

20.040

2.05

20.042

2.03

20.044

2.01

20.046

1.98

20.048

1 .96

20.050

1.93

20.052

1.91

20.054

1.89

20.056

1.86

20.058

1.84

20.059

1.81

20.061

1.79

20.063

1.77

20.065

1.74

20.066

1.72

20.068 1.69

72

Table 4.4.2. Type BP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt— 67 — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck
coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

"C

/IV

1440

20791.23

1441

20811.30

1442

20831.37

1443

20851.44

1444

20871.52

1445

20891.59

1446

20911.67

1447

20931 .75

1448

20951.83

1449

20971.91

1450

20991.99

1451

21012.08

1452

21032.16

1453

21052.25

1454

21072.34

1455

21092.43

1456

21112.52

1457

21132.61

1458

21152.71

1459

21172.80

1460

21192.90

1461

21213.00

1462

21233.10

1463

21253.20

1464

21273.30

1465

21293.40

1466

21313.50

1467

21333.61

1468

21353.71

1469

21373.82

1470

21393.93

1471

21414.04

1472

21434, 14

1473

21454.25

1474

21474.37

1475

21494.48

1476

21514.59

1477

2 1 534. 70

1478

21554.82

1479

21574.93

1480

21595.05

1481

21615.17

1482

21635.28

1483

21655.40

1484

21675.52

1485

21695.64

1486

21715.76

1487

21735.88

1488

21756.00

1489

21776. 12

1490

21796.24

1491

21816.36

1492

21836.49

1493

21856.61

1494

21876.73

1495

21896.86

1496

21916.98

1497

21937.10

1498

21957.23

1499

21977.35

1500

21997.48

s

dS/dT

U, V/ w

n V/ v.»

20.068

1,69

20.070

1,67

20.072

1,64

20.073

1,62

20.075

1,59

20.076

1,57

20.078

1.55

20.079

1.52

20.081

1.50

20.082

1.47

20.084

1,45

20.085

1,42

20.087

1.40

20.088

1.37

20.089

1.35

20.091

1.32

20.092

1.30

20.093

1.28

20.095

1.25

20.096

1.23

20.097

1.20

20.098

1.18

20 .099

1,15

20.101

1, 13

20.102

1.10

20.103

1.08

20.104

1.05

20. 105

1.03

20.106

1.00

20. 107

0.98

20.108

0.95

20.109

0.93

20.110

0.90

20.111

0.88

20. Ill

0.85

20.112

0.83

20.113

0.80

20. 114

0,77

20.115

0.75

20.115

0.72

20. 116

0.70

20.117

0.67

20.117

0.65

20.118

0. 62

20. 119

0.60

20. 119

0.57

20.120

0.55

20.120

0.52

20. 121

0.50

20. 121

0.47

20. 122

0.45

20.122

0.42

20, 123

0.39

20. 123

0.37

20.123

0.34

20.124

0.32

20.124

0.29

20.124

0.27

20.125

0.24

20.125

0.22

20. 125

0.19

T E
"C /iV

1500 21997.48

1501 22017.60

1502 22037.73

1503 22057.85

1504 22077.98

1505 22098.10

1506 22118.23

1507 22138.36

1508 22158.48

1509 22178.61

1510 22198.73

1511 22218.86

1512 22238.98

1513 22259.11

1514 22279.24

1515 22299.36

1516 22319.49

1517 22339.61

1518 22359.73

1519 22379.86

1520 22399.98

1521 22420.11

1522 22440.23

1523 22460.35

1524 22480.47

1525 22500,60

1526 22520.72

1527 22540.84

1528 22560.96

1529 22581.08

1530 22601.20

1531 22621.32

1532 22641.44

1533 22661.55

1534 22681.67

1535 22701,79

1536 22721.90

1537 22742.02

1538 22762.13

1539 22782.25

1540 22802.36

1541 22822.47

1542 22842.58

1543 22862.69

1544 22882.80

1545 22902.91

1546 22923.01

1547 22943.12

1548 22963.23

1549 22983.33

1550 23003.43

1551 23023.53

1552 23043.64

1553 23063.74

1554 23083.83

1555 23103,93

1556 23124,03

1557 23144.12

1558 23164.22

1559 23184.31

1560 23204.40

S dS /dT

^V/°C nV/°C^

20.125 0.19

20.125 0.16

20.125 0.14

20.126 0.11
20.126 0.09

20.126 0.06

20.126 0.04

20.126 0,01

20.126 -0,01

20.126 -0.04

20.126 -0.07

20.126 -0.09

20.125 -0.12

20.125 -0.14

20.125 -0.17

20.125 -0.19

20.125 -0.22

20.125 -0.25

20.124 -0.27

2o.l24 -0.30

20.124 -0.32

20.123 -0.35

20.123 -0.37

20.123 -0.40

20.122 -0.43

20.122 -0.45

20.121 -0.48

20.121 -0.50

20.120 -0.53

20.120 -0.55

20.119 -0.58

20.119 -0.60

20.118 -0.63

20,117 -0.66

20.117 -0.68

20.116 -0,71

20,115 -0.73

20.115 -0.76

20.114 -0.78

20.113 -0.81

20,112 -0.84

20,111 -0.86

20.110 -0.89

20.110 -0.91

20.109 -0.94

20.108 -0.96

20.107 -0.99

20.106 -1.01

20.105 -1.04

20.104 -1.06

20.102 -1.09

20.101 -1.12

20.100 -1.14

20.099 -1.17

20.098 -1.19

20.097 -1.22

20.096 -1.24

20.094 -1.27

20.093 -1.29

20.092 -1.32

20.090 -1.34

T E

1560 23204.40

1561 23224.49

1562 23244.58

1563 23264.66

1564 23284,75

1565 23304.83

1566 23324.92

1567 23345.00

1568 23365.08

1569 23385.15

1570 23405.23

1571 23425.31

1572 23445.38

1573 23465.45

1574 23485.52

1575 23505.59

1576 23525.66

1577 23545.72

1578 23565.78

1579 23585.84

1580 23605.90

1581 23625.96

1582 23646.02

1583 23666.07

1584 23686.12

1585 23706.17

1586 23726.22

1587 23746.27

1588 23766.31

1589 23766.35

1590 23806.39

1591 23826.43

1592 23846.47

1593 23866.50

1594 23886.53

1595 23906.56

1596 23926.59

1597 23946.61

1598 23966.63

1599 23986.65

1600 24006.67

1601 24026.69

1602 24046.70

1603 24066.71

1604 24086.72

1605 24106.73

1606 24126.73

1607 24146.73

1608 24166.73

1609 24186.73

1610 24206.72

1611 24226.71

1612 24246.70

1613 24266.69

1614 24286.67

1615 24306.65

1616 24326.63

1617 24346.60

1618 24366.58

1619 24386.55

1620 24406.51

s

dS/dT

^ V/ u

r\w o

20.090

-1.34

20.089

-1.37

20.088

-1 .39

20.086

-1 .42

20.085

-1 .44

20.083

-1.47

20.082

-1 .49

20.080

-1.52

20.079

-1 .54

20.077

-1.57

20.076

-1.59

20.074

-1.62

20.072

-1 . 64

20.071

-1.67

20.069

-1.69

20.067

-1.72

20.066

-1.74

20.064

-1.77

20.062

-1.79

20.060

-1.82

20.058

-1.84

20.057

-1.87

20.055

-1 .89

20.053

-1.91

20.051

-1 .94

20.049

-1.96

20.047

-1.99

20.045

-2.01

20.043

-2.04

20.041

-2.06

20.039

-2.08

20.037

-2.11

20.035

-2.13

20.032

-2.16

20«030

-2.18

20.028

-2.20

20.026

-2.23

20.024

-2.25

20.021

-2.28

20.019

-2.30

20.017

-2.32

20.014

-2.35

20.012

-2.37

20.010

-2.39

20.007

-2.42

20.005

-2.44

20.002

-2.46

20.000

-2.49

19.997

-2.51

19.995

-2.53

19.992

-2.56

19.990

-2.58

19.987

-2 .60

19.985

-2.63

19,982

-2.65

19,979

-2.67

19,977

-2.69

19,974

-2.72

19,971

-2.74

19,968

-2.76

19.966

-2.78

73

Table 4.4.2. Type BP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt— 67 — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck
coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

or

\^

..v

/IV

1620

24406.51

1621

2444^6 . 4o

1622

24446.44

1623

24466.40

1624

24486.35

1625

24506.31

1626

24526. 26

1627

24546.20

1628

24566. 15

1629

24586.09

1630

24606.03

1631

1632

24645.89

1633

24665.82

1634

24685.75

1635

24705.67

1636

1637

24745.51

1638

24765.42

1639

24785.33

1640

24805.24

1641

24825 .14

1642

24845.05

1643

24864.94

1644

24884.84

1645

24904.73

1646

24924.62

1647

24944.50

1648

24964.38

1649

24984.26

1650

25004.13

1651

25024.00

1652

25043.87

1653

25063.73

1654

25083.60

1655

25103.45

1656

25123.31

1657

25143,16

1658

25163.00

1659

25182,84

1660

25202,68

1661

25222.52

1662

25242,35

1663

25262.18

1664

25282.00

1665

25301,82

1666

25321,64

1667

25341,46

1668

25361.27

1669

25381.07

1670

25400.87

i D ' i

2 5420 .67

1672

25440.47

1673

25460.26

1674

25480.04

1675

25499.83

1676

25519,61

1677

25539.38

1678

25559,15

1679

25578,92

1680

25598.69

S dS/dT

/iV/»C nM/x}

19.966 -2.78

19.963 -2.81

19.960 -2.83

19,957 -2.85

19.954 -2.87

19.951 -2.89

19.949 -2.92

19.946 -2.94

19.943 -2.96

19.940 -2.98

19.937 -3.00

19,934 -3,02

19,931 -3.05

19.928 -3.07

19,925 -3,09

19,921 -3,11

19,918 -3,13

19,915 -3,15

19.912 -3.17

19.909 -3,19

19,906 -3,21

19.902 -3,24

19,899 -3,26

19,896 -3,28

19,893 -3,30

19,889 -3.32

19.886 -3,34

19,883 -3,36

19,879 -3,38

19,876 -3,40

19,872 -3.42

19.869 -3.44

19.866 -3.46

19.862 -3.48

19.859 -3.49

19.855 -3.51

19,852 -3.53

19,848 -3,55

19,845 -3.57

19.841 -3.59

19.837 -3.61

19,834 -3.63

19.830 -3.64

19.826 -3.66

19,823 -3,68

19.819 -3.70

19,815 -3,72

19,812 -3,73

19.808 -3.75

19.804 -3.77

19.800 -3.79

19.797 -3.80

19.793 -3.82

19.789 -3.84

19,785 -3.86

19.781 -3.87

19.777 -3.89

19,773 -3,91

19.770 -3.92

19.766 -3,94

19,762 -3.95

T

E

•c

uV

1680

25598,69

1 Q 1

Xoo i

25618a 44

1682

25638.20

1683

25657.95

1684

25677.70

1685

25697.44

ICS OD

1687

25736.92

1688

25756.65

1689

25776.38

1690

25796.10

169 1

1692

25835.54

1693

25855.25

1694

25874.95

1695

25894.66

1696

1697

25934.05

1698

25953.74

1699

25973.43

1700

25993.11

1701

1702

26032.46

1703

26052.13

1704

26071.79

1705

26091.45

1706

26111.11

1707

26130.76

1708

26150.41

1709

26170.05

1710

26189.69

1711

26209. 32

1712

26228.95

1713

26248,58

1714

26268.20

1715

26287.82

1716

26307.43

1717

26327,04

1718

26346,64

1719

26366.24

1720

26385.83

1721

2640 5 0 42

1722

26425.01

1723

26444.59

1724

26464. 17

1725

26483.74

26503.31

1727

26522.87

1728

26542.43

1729

26561.98

1730

26581.53

1731

26601.08

1732

26620.62

1733

26640.15

1734

26659.68

1735

26679.21

1736

26698.73

1737

26718.25

1738

26737.76

1739

26757.27

1740 26776.78

s

dS/dT

19.762

19.754
19.750
19.746

-3,95
—3 •97
-3.99
-4.00
-4.02

19.742

J. 7 • f DO

19.734
19.730
19.725

-4.03
~t • u _>
-4.06
-4.08

-4,09

19.721
19.717
19.713
19.709
19.705

-4,11
—4 ,12
-4,14
-4,15
-4,16

19.701

X 7 • o "O

19.692
19.688
19.684

-4,18

-4,20
-4,22
-4,23

19.680

19.671
19.667
19.662

-4.24
— 4.26
-4.27
-4.28

-4.29

19.658
19.654
19.650
19.645
19.641

-4.31
—4 .32
-4.33
-4.34
-4.35

19.637
19.632
19.628
19.623
19.619

-4.36
-4. 38
-4.39
-4.40
-4.41

19.615
19.610
19.606
19.601
19.597

-4.42
-4.43
-4.44
-4.45
-4.46

19.592
19.588
19,583
19.579
19.574

-4,47
— 4 .47
-4.48
-4,49
-4.50

19.570

19.561
19.556
19.552

-4.51

-4.53
-4.53
-4.54

19,547

1 Q i. "3
JL "7 ♦ P ** .5

19,538
19,534
19,529

-4.55

— M- • P 3

-4.56
-4.57
-4.57

19,524
19,520
19.515
19,511
19,506

-4.58
-4.59
-4.59
-4.60
-4.60

19,501

-4.61

T E
•C

1740 26776.78

1741 26796.28

1742 26815.77

1743 26835,26

1744 26854,74

1745 26874,23

1746 26893,70

1747 26913,17

1748 26932,64

1749 26952,10

1750 26971.56

1751 26991.01

1752 27010,46

1753 27029,90

1754 27049.34

1755 27068,78

1756 27088,21

1757 27107.63

1758 27127.05

1759 27146.47

1760 27165.88

1761 27185.29

1762 27204.69

1763 27224.08

1764 27243.48

1765 27262.86

1766 27282.25

1767 27301.63

1768 27321.00

1769 27340.37

1770 27359.73

1771 27379.09

1772 27398.45

1773 27417,80

1774 27437,14

1775 27456,49

1776 27475.82

1777 27495,15

1778 27514,48

1779 27533,80

1780 27553,12

1781 27572,44

1782 27591,75

1783 27611,05

1784 27630.35

1785 27649.65

1786 27668.94

1787 27688.22

1788 27707.50

1789 27726.78

1790 27746.05

1791 27765.32

1792 27784.58

1793 27803.84

1794 27823.10

1795 27842.35

1796 27861.59

1797 27880,84

1798 27900.07

1799 27919.30

1800 27938.53

s

dS/dT

^v/°c

'IV/

19.501

-4.61

19,497

—4 ,61

19,492

-4,62

19.488

-4,62

19.483

-4,63

19.478

-4,63

19. 474

—4,63

19.469

-4,64

19,464

-4.64

19.460

-4.64

19.455

-4.64

J. 7 # M- P X

~4- •OP

19.446

-4.65

19.441

-4.66

19.437

-4.65

19.432

-4.65

19.427

—4.65

19.423

-4.66

19.418

-4.66

19,413

-4.66

19.409

-4.66

19. 404

—4 . 66

19.399

-4.66

19.395

-4.65

19.390

-4.65

19.385

-4.65

19.381

—4 . 65

19.376

-4.65

19.371

-4.65

19.367

-4.64

19.362

-4.64

19.358

-4,64

19.353

-4,63

19,348

-4.63

19.344

-4,63

19.339

-4.62

19,334

-4.62

19,330

-4.61

19.325

-4.61

19.321

-4.60

19.316

-4.60

19.311

-4.59

19,307

-4.58

19.302

-4.58

19,298

-4.57

19,293

-4.56

19,288

—4 . 56

19,284

-4.55

19,279

-4.54

19,275

-4.53

19,270

-4.52

19,266

-4.51

19,261

-4.50

19.257

-4.49

19.252

-4.48

19.248

-4.47

19.243

-4,46

19.239

-4.45

19.234

-4.44

19.230

-4.43

19.226 -4.41

74

Table 4.4.2. Type BP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt— 67 — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck
coefficients, S(T), arvd first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

«c

uV

1800

27938,53

1801

27957.76

1802

27976.97

1803

27996. 19

1804

28015.40

1805

28034.60

1806

28053.81

1807

28073.00

1808

28092.20

1809

28111.39

1810

28130.57

s

dS/dT

fJLW/°C

nWC^

19.226

-4.41

19.221

-4,40

19.217

-4.39

19.212

-4,38

19.208

-4.36

19.204

-4.35

19.199

-4.33

19.195

-4.32

19.191

-4.30

19.186

-4.29

19.182

-4.27

T

E

"C

1810

28130.57

1811

28149.75

1812

28168.93

1813

28188. 10

1814

28207.26

1815

28226.43

1816

28245.59

1817

28264.74

1818

28283.89

1819

28303.04

1820

28322.18

S dS/dT

19.182 -4.27

19.178 -4.26

19.174 -4.24

19.169 -4.22

19.165 -4.20

19.161 -4.19

19.157 -4.17

19.153 -4.15

19.148 -4.13

19.144 -4.11

19.140 -4.09

T E

1820 28322.18

S dS/dT
19.140 -4.09

75

Table 4.4.3. Thermoelectric values at the fixed points for Type BP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67

Fixed point

Temp.

E

S

dS/dT

°C

/iV

mV/°C

nY/°C

Ice point

0

000

0

00

4

819

31 .40

Ether TP

26

870

140

41

5

616

27.99

Water BP

100

000

619

02

7

388

20.96

Benzoic TP

122

370

789

39

7

838

19.36

Indium FP

156

634

1068

91

8

465

17.31

Tin FP

231

9681

1752

39

9

640

14. 15

Bismuth FP

271

442

2143

64

10

176

13.05

Cadmium FP

321

108

2664

68

10

798

12.06

Lead FP

327

502

2733

97

10

874

11 .95

Mercury BP

356

660

3056

07

11

217

11 .55

Zinc FP

419

580

3784

23

11

922

10.93

Sulphur BP

444

674

4086

83

12

194

10.76

Cu-Al FP

548

23

5406

32

13

281

10.29

Antimony FP

630

74

6536

89

14

119

10.03

Aluminum FP

oou

o I

6959

64

14'

9.94

Silver FP

961

93

11742

73

17

242

8.63

Gold FP

1064

43

13554

07

18

088

7.84

Copper FP

1084

5

13918

67

18

244

7.66

liiCKei rr

1455

91 AQ9

20

091

Cobalt FP

1494

21876

73

20

123

0.34

Palladium FP

1554

23083

83

20

098

-1.19

Platinum FP

1772

27398

45

19

353

-4.63

Table 4.4.4. Estimated maximum errors that occur when using reduced-bit arithmetic for the power series
expansion for the thermoelectric voltage of Type BP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67

Temperature range

Degree

Estimated maximum error in microvolts

12 Bit

16 Bit

24 Bit

27 Bit

36 Bit

0 to 200 °C

8

0.2

<0.1

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

200 to 400 C

8

0.4

0.1

<0,01

<0.01

<0.01

400 to 600 °C

8

2

0.2

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

600 to 800 °C

8

6

0.7

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

800 to 1000 °C

8

15

2

<0.01

<0,01

<0.01

1000 to 1200 °C

8

30

5

0.02

<0.01

<0.01

1200 to 1400 °C

8

60

10

0.03

<0.01

<0.01

1400 to 1600 X

8

100

20

0.06

<0.01

<0.01

1600 to 1820 °C

8

200

40

0.1

<0.01

<0.01

76

4.5. Reference Functions and Tabes for the
Negative Thermoelement, Type BN, a
Platinum — 6% Rhodium Alloy Versus
Platinum, Pt-67

The coefficients for the eighth degree expansion for
the thermoelectric voltage of Type BN thermoelements
versus Pt-67 are given in table 4.5.1. The errors
caused by using reduced bit arithmetic for calculating
values of the functions are given in table 4.5.4.

The primary reference values for Type BN thermo-
elements versus Pt-67 are given in table 4.5.2. Values
at selected fixed points are given in table 4.5.3. Graphs
of the thermoelectric voltage, its first derivative (See-
beck coefficient), and second derivative are given in
figures 4.5.1, 4.5.2, and 4.5.3, respectively.

Table 4.5.1. Power series expansion for the thermo-
electric voltage of Type BN thermoelements versus
platinum, Pt-67

Tempera-

ture

range

Degree

Coefficients

Term

0 to

1820 °C

8

5.0661081008 ...

T

9.7920240809 X 10-^

fi

-2.1371705669 X lO'^

T'

2.9096345602 X lO"'

T*

-2.4374352573 X 10""

fi

1.2623801429 X 10'"

fe

-3.7387387148 X lO''^

4.7918630894 X 10""

TEMPERATURE ,°C

Figure 4.5.1. Thermoelectric voltage for Type BN thermo-
elements versus platinum, Pt-67.

The circles indicate values at various thermometric fixed points on the
IPTS-68.

3

' 0 0.4 0 8 1.2 1.6 2.0x10

TEMPERATURE ,°C

Figure 4.5.2. Seebeck coefficient for Type BN thermoelements
versus platinum, Pt-67.

The circles indicate values at various thermometric fixed points on the
IPTS-68.

TEMPERATURE ,°C

Figure 4.5.3. Second derivative of thermoelectric voltage for
Type BN thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67.

The circles indicate values at various thermometric fixed points on the
IPTS-68.

77

Table 4.5.2. Type BN thermoelements versus platinum, Vi-61 —thermoelectric voltages, ^{T),Seeheck

coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C

T

E

C

0

o.oc

1

5. Of.

2

1 0 • 1 7

3

1 5 • 29

4

20.42

5

25.57

6

30.74

■7
1

8

41.14

9

46 .37

10

51.62

11

56.88

12

62.17

13

67.47

14

72 . 79

15

78.12

16

83.48

17

88 • 85

18

94 .24

19

99 .65

20

105.07

21

110.51

115.97

23

121.45

24-

126. 94

25

132.45

26

137.98

27

143.5 2

28

149.0 8

29

154.65

30

160.24

31

165.85

32

171.47

33

177 , 1 1

34

182.77

35

188.44

36

194.12

37

199. 82

38

205 . 54

39

211.27

40

217.02

41

222.78

42

228. 55

43

234. 34

44

240. 15

45

245.97

46

251.81

47

257.66

48

263.52

49

269,40

50

275.29

51

281.19

52

287.11

53

293.05

54

298.99

55

304.96

56

310.93

57

316.92

58

322.92

59

328.93

60 334.96

S dS/dT

5.066 19.58

5.086 19.46

5.105 19.33

5.124 19.20

5.143 19.08

5.162 18.95

5.181 18.83

5.200 18.70

5.219 18.58

5.237 18.46

5.256 18.34

5.274 18.22

5.292 18.09

5.310 17.98

5.328 17.86

5.346 17.74

5.364 17.62

5.381 17.50

5.399 17.39

5.416 17.27

5.433 17.16

5.460 17.04

5.467 16.93

5.484 16.81

5.501 16.70

5.517 16.59

5.534 16.48

5.550 16.37

5.567 16.26

5.583 16.15

5.599 16.04

5.615 15.93

5.631 15.82

5.647 15.72

5.662 15.61

5.678 15.50

5.693 15.40

5.709 15.29

5.724 15.19

5.739 15.09

5.754 14.98

5.769 14.88

5.784 14.78

5.799 14.68

5.813 14.58

5.828 14.48

5.842 14.38

5.856 14.28

5.871 14.18

5.885 14.08

5.899 13.99

5.913 13.89

5.927 13.79

5.940 13.70

5.954 13.60

5.968 13.51

5.981 13.42

5.994 13.32

6.008 13.23

6.021 13.14

6.034 13.05

T E

60 334.96

61 341.00

62 347.05

63 353.12

64 359.20

65 365.29

66 371.40

67 377.51

68 383.64

69 389.78

70 395.94

71 402.10

72 408.28

73 414.47

74 420.67

75 426.89

76 433.11

77 439.35

78 445.60

79 451.86

80 458.13

81 464.41

82 470.71

83 477.01

84 483.33

85 489.66

86 496.00

87 502.34

88 508.70

89 515.08

90 521.46

91 527.85

92 534.25

93 540.66

94 547.09

95 553.52

96 559.96

97 566.42

98 572.88

99 579.35

100 585.84

101 592.33

102 598.83

103 605.35

104 611.87

105 618.40

106 624.94

107 631.49

108 638.05

109 644.62

110 651.20

111 -657.79

112 664.38

113 670.99

114 677.60

115 684.23

116 690.86

117 697.50

118 704.15

119 710.80

120 717.47

s

dS/dT

nV/'C

6 • 0 3A

13.05

6.047

12.96

6.060

12.87

6.073

12.78

6.085

12.69

6.098

12.60

6.111

12.51

6.123

12.42

6.135

12.33

6.148

12.25

6.160 12.16

6.172 12.07

6.184 11.99

6.196 11.90

6.208 11.82

6.220 11.74

6.231 11.65

6.243 11.57

6.255 11.49

6.266 11.41

6.277 11.33

6.289 11.24

6.300 11.16

6.311 11.08

6.322 11.01

6.333 10.93

6.344 10.85

6.355 10.77

6.365 10.69

6.376 10.62

6.387 10.54

6.397 10.46

6.408 10.39

6.418 10.31

6.428 10.24

6.438 10.17

6.449 10.09

6.459 10.02

6.469 9.95

6.478 9.87

6.488

9.80

6.498

9.73

6.508

9.66

6.517

9.59

6.527

9.52

6.536

9.45

6.546

9.38

6.555

9.31

6.564

9.24

6.574

9.18

6.583

9.11

6.592

9.04

6.601

8.97

6.610

8.91

6.619

8.84

6.628

8.78

6.636

8.71

6.645

8.65

6.654

8.58

6.662

8.52

6.671 8.46

T

E

"C

120

717.47

121

724.15

122

730.83

123

737. 52

124

744. 22

125

750.93

126

757.64

127

764. 37

128

771.10

129

777. 84

130

784.59

131

791.35

132

798 .11

133

804. 88

134

811.66

135

818.45

136

825.24

137

832.04

138

838.85

139

845 . 67

140

852.49

141

859.32

142

866 .16

143

873.01

144

879.86

146

886.72

146

893.59

147

900 .46

148

907. 34

149

914.23

150

921.12

151

928.02

152

934 . 93

153

941 . 85

1 54

948 .77

155

955.70

156

962.63

157

969. 57

158

976. 52

159

983 .47

160

990.43

161

997.39

162

1004.37

163

1011.34

164

1018,33

165

1025.32

166

1032,32

167

1039, 32

168

1046,33

169

1053,34

170

1060.36

171

1067.38

172

1074.42

173

1081.45

174

1088.50

175

1095.64

176

1102.60

177

1109.66

178

1116.72

179

1123.79

180 1130.87

s

dS/dT
nV/»C^

6.671
6.679
6.687
6.696
6.704

8.46
8.39
8.33
8.27
8.21

6.712
6.720
6.728
6.736
6,744

8.15
8.09
8.03
7.97
7.91

6.752
6.760
6.768
6.775
6.783

7.85
7.79
7.73
7.67
7.61

6.791
6.798
6.806
6.813
6.820

7.56
7.50
7.44
7.39

7,33

6.828
6.835
6.842
6.849
6.856

7.27
7.22
7.17
7.11
7.06

6.863
6.870
6.877
6.884
6.891

7.00
6.96
6.90
6,84
6.79

6.898
6.904
6.911
6.918
6,924

6.74
6.69
6.64
6.59
6.54

6,931
6,937
6.944
6.950
6,956

6.49
6.44
6.39
6.34
6.29

6.963
6.969
6.975
6.981
6.987

6.24
6.19
6.15
6.10
6.05

6.993
6.999
7.005
7.011
7.017

6.00
5.96
5.91
5.87
5.82

7.023
7.028
7,034
7.040
7.045

5.78
5.73
5.69
5.64
5.60

7.051
7.056
7.062
7.067

7.073

5.55
5.51
5,47
5,43
5,38

7.076

5,34

78

4.5.2. Type BN thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67— thermoelectric voltages, E{T), Seebeck

coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

•c

ISO

1130,87

1 R 1

J. O 1

1107 QC,

182

1145.03

183

1152.13

184

1159.22

185

1166.32

1 fiA

1 OO

1 J. I ^ . H -3

187

1180.54

188

1187.66

189

1194.78

190

1201.91

191

1209,04

192

1216.18

193

1223.32

194

1230.47

195

1237.62

196

1244.77

197

1251.93

198

1259.10

199

1266.27

200

1273.44

201

1280.62

202

1287.81

203

1295,00

204

1302,19

205

1309,39

206

1316,59

207

1323,79

208

1331,00

209

1338,22

210

1345.44

211

1352,66

212

1359.89

213

1367.12

214

1374.35

215

1381.59

c io

217

1396.08

218

1403.34

219

1410.59

220

1417.85

c. £. 1,

222

1432,38

223

1439,65

224

1446,93

225

1454.21

1 HO 1 • f 7

227

1468,77

228

1476.06

229

1483.36

230

1490.65

231

1497.95

232

1505.26

233

1512.57

234

1519.88

235

1527. 19

236

1534.51

237

1541.83

238

1549. 16

239

1556.48

240 1563.82

s

dS/dT
nV/'C*

7.078

f . VJ 0 ^

7,089
7,094
7,099

5,34
J , J U
5.26
5,22
5.18

7.104

7.115
7.120

7.125

5.14
5.10
5,06
5,02
4,98

7.130
7.134
7.139
7.144
7.149

4,94
4, 90
4,86
4.82
4,78

7.154
7. 158
7.163
7.168
7.172

4.75
4.71
4.67
4.63
4.60

7.177
7. 182
7.186
7.191
7.195

4.56
4.53
4.49
4.45
4.42

7.199

7.208
7.212
7.217

4.38

4.32
4.28
4.25

7.221

7.229
7.233
7.237

4.21

4.15
4,11

4,08

7,242

7,250
7,254
7.257

4.05

3.99
3.95
3.92

7.261

7.269
7.273
7.277

3.89
3*86
3.83
3.80
3.77

7.280

7.288
7.292
7.295

3.74

71

3.68
3.65
3,62

7.299
7,302
7.306
7.309
7.313

3,59
3,56
3,54
3,51
3,48

7.316
7.320
7.323
7.327
7.330

3,45
3.43
3.40
3.37
3.34

7.333

3.32

T

E

•c

240

1563.82

7 A 1

242

1578.49

243

1565.83

244

1593.18

245

1600.52

246

247

1615.23

248

1622.59

249

1629.95

250

1637.31

2 51

1 AAA . Afi

252

1652.05

253

1659.42

254

1666.80

255

1674.18

256

1681 . 56

257

1688.94

258

1696.33

259

1703.72

260

1711.11

261

1718.51

262

1725.91

263

1733.31

264

1740.71

265

1748.12

266

1 755 .53

267

1762.94

268

1770,36

269

1777.78

270

1785.20

271

1 792 .62

272

1800.05

273

1807.47

274

1814.91

275

1822.34

7 7A

1 QOQ 77

277

1837.21

278

1844.65

279

1852. 10

280

1859.54

£.0 \.

1 AAA OQ

282

1874.44

283

1881.90

284

1889,35

285

1896,81

9 R A

1 0 n /■ 97

287

1911.73

288

1919.20

289

1926.66

290

1934.13

291

1941.60

292

1949.08

293

1956.55

294

1964.03

295

1971.51

296

1978.99

297

1986.48

298

1993.97

299

2001.45

300 2008.95

S dS /dT

fiyrc nv/»c*

7.333 3.32

7.337 3.29

7.340 3.27

7.343 3.24

7.346 3.21

7.350 3.19

7.353 3.16

7.356 3.14

7.359 3,11

7,362 3.09

7.365 3.06

7.368 3.04

7.371 3.02

7.374 2.99

7.377 2.97

7.380 2.95

7.383 2.92

7.386 2.90

7.389 2.88

7.392 2.85

7.395 2.83

7.397 2.81

7.400 2.79

7.403 2.77

7.406 2.74

7.409 2.72

7.411 2.70

7.414 2.68

7.417 2.66

7.419 2.64

7.422 2,62

7,424 2,60

7,427 2,58

7.430 2.56

7.432 2.54

7.435 2.52

7.437 2.50

7,440 2.48

7.442 2.46

7.445 2.44

7.447 2.42

7.449 2.40

7.452 2.39

7.454 2.37

7.457 2.35

7.459 2.33

7.461 2.31

7,464 2.30

7,466 2.28

7.468 2.26

7.470 2.24

7.473 2.23

7.475 2.21

7.477 2.19

7.479 2.18

7.481 2.16

7.484 2.15

7.486 2.13

7.488 2.11

7.490 2.10

7.492 2.08

T

E

'C

300

2008.95

301

2016.44

302

2023.93

303

2031.43

304

2038.93

305

2046.43

306

dVOD . 7 J

307

2061.44

308

2068.95

309

2076.46

310

2083.97

1 1
Oil

U 7 1 • *T 0

312

2099.00

313

2106.51

314

2114.03

315

2121.65

316

2129.07

317

2136.60

318

2144.13

319

2151.66

320

2159.18

321

2166. 71

322

2174.25

323

2181.78

324

2189.32

325

2196.86

9 A

£ t UH » *T U

327

2211.94

328

2219.49

329

2227.03

330

2234.58

DDI

5 5 /. 9 11
£.£.HC. 9 1 Ji

332

2249,68

333

2257.23

334

2264.79

335

2272.34

336

337

2287.46

338

2295.02

339

2302.58

340

2310.14

341

2317.71

342

2325.28

343

2332.84

344

2340.41

345

2347.99

346

2355 . 56

347

2363.13

348

2370.71

349

2378.29

350

2385.87

351

2393.45

352

2401.03

353

2408.61

354

2416.20

355

2423.78

356

2431.37

357

2438.96

358

2446.55

359

2454. 14

360 2461.74

S dS/dT
nV/"C*

7.492 2.08

7.494 2.07

7.496 2.05

7.498 2.04

7.500 2.02

7.502 2.01

7.504 1.99

7.506 1.98

7.508 1.96

7.510 1.95

7.512 1.94

7.514 1.92

7.516 1.91

7.518 1.89

7.520 1.88

7.522 1.87

7.523 1.85

7.526 1.84

7.527 1.83
7.529 1.82

7.531 1.80

7.533 1.79

7.534 1.78
7.536 1.77
7.538 1.75

7.540 1.74

7.541 1.73
7.543 1.72
7,545 1.71
7.547 1.70

7.648 1.68

7.550 1.67

7.552 1.66

7.553 1.65

7.555 1.64

7.556 1.63
7.558 1,62

7.560 1,61

7.561 1.60

7.563 1.59

7.564 1.58
7.566 1.57

7.568 1,56

7.569 1.55

7.571 1.54

7.572 1.53

7.574 1.52

7.575 1.51

7.577 1.50

7.578 1.49

7.580 1.48

7.581 1.47

7.583 1.46

7.584 1.46

7.586 1.45

7.587 1.44

7.589 1.43

7.590 1.42

7.591 1.41

7.593 1.41

7.594 1.40

79

Table 4.5.2. Type BIS thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 — thermoelectric voltages, E{T) , Seebeck
coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

•c

uV

360

2461 • 74

361

2469.33

362

2476.93

363

2484.52

364

2492.12

365

2499 . 72

366

2507.33

367

2514.93

368

2522.53

369

2530. 14

370

25 37.75

371

2545.35

372

2552.96

373

2560.58

374

2568. 19

375

2575 . 80

376

2583.42

377

2591.03

378

2598.65

379

2606.27

380

2613.89

381

2621.51

382

2629.13

383

2636.76

384

2644. 38

3 8 5

2652.01

386

2659.64

387

2667.26

388

2674.89

389

2682.53

o y *j

c.\>~\J » 1 O

391

2697.79

392

2705.43

393

2713.06

394

2720.70

395

2 72 8 • 34

396

2735.98

397

2743.62

398

2751.26

399

2758.90

400

401

2774.19

402

2781.84

403

2789.49

404

2797,13

40 5

2804. 78

406

2812.44

407

2820,09

408

2827.74

409

2835.40

410

2843.05

411

2850.71

412

2858.37

413

2866.02

414

2873.68

415

2881.35

416

2889.01

417

2896.67

418

2904,34

419

2912.00

420 2919.67

s

dS/dT

uNI'Z

r

nV/"C*

7. 594

1.40

7.596

1.39

7.597

1.38

7.598

1.37

7.600

1.37

7.601

1.36

7.602

1.35

7.604

1.34

7.605

1.34

7.606

1.33

7 . 608

1.32

7.609

1.32

7.610

1.31

7.612

1.30

7.613

1.30

7.614

1.29

7.616

1.28

7.617

1.28

7.618

1.27

7.619

1.26

7.621

1.26

7.622

1.25

7.623

1.25

7.624

1.24

7.626

1.24

7. 627

1.23

7.628

1.22

7.629

1.22

7.631

1.21

7.632

1.21

7.633

1.20

7.634

1.20

7.635

1.19

7.637

1.19

7.638

1.18

i • i D

7.640

1.17

7.641

1.17

7.642

1.16

7.644

1.16

J. • i ->

7.646

1.15

7.647

1.15

7.648

1. 14

7.649

1.14

7.650

1,13

7.652

1,13

7.653

1,13

7,654

1,12

7.655

1.12

7. 656

1.11

7.657

1.11

7.658

1.11

7.659

1.10

7.661

1. 10

7.662

1.10

7.663

1.09

7.664

1.09

7.665

1.09

7.666

1.08

7.667

1.08

T

E

•c

420

2919.67

421

2927.33

422

2935.00

423

2942.67

424

2950.34

425

295 8 .02

426

2966.69

427

2973.36

428

2981.04

429

2988.71

430

2996.39

431

3004.07

432

3011.75

433

3019.43

434

3027.11

435

3034,79

436

3042.48

437

3050.16

438

3057.85

439

3065.63

440

3073.22

441

3080.91

442

3088.60

443

3096.29

444

3103.98

445

3111.67

446

3119.37

447

3127.06

448

3134.76

449

3142.46

450

J i -3 U ♦ i. -?

451

3157.85

452

3166.66

453

3173.26

454

3180.96

455

3188.66

456

3196.36

457

3204.07

468

3211.77

459

3219.48

i A n

■3 "5 7 7 TO

461

3234.90

462

3242.61

463

3250.32

464

3258,03

466

3265 , 74

466

3273,46

467

3281,17

468

3288.89

469

3296.61

470

3304.32

471

331-2.04

472

3319.76

473

3327.48

474

3336.21

475

3342.93

476

3350.66

477

3368.38

478

3366.10

479

3373.83

480 3381.66

s

dS/dT

7.667

1,08

7.668

1,08

7.669

1,08

7.670

1,07

7.671

1,07

7.672

1,07

7.673

1.06

1 .06

7.676

1 .06

7.677

1.06

7.678

1.05

7.679

1.05

7.680

1.05

7.681

1.05

7.682

1 .04

7.683

1 . 04

7.684

1 .04

7,685

1 .04

7.686

1.04

7,68 7

1.03

7.688

1.03

7.689

1.03

7.690

1.03

7.691

1.03

7.692

1.03

7.693

1.02

7.694

1.02

7.696

1.02

7.696

1.02

7.697

1.02

7.698

1 - n 7

1. •\J£-

7.699

1.02

7.700

1.01

7.701

1.01

7.702

1.01

7 7 A "a

1 • U i

7.704

1.01

7.705

1.01

7.707

1.01

7.708

1.01

7 « 709

1 • U 1

7.710

1.01

7.711

1 .00

7.712

1.00

7.713

1.00

7.714

1.00

7.715

1.00

7.716

1.00

7.717

1.00

7.718

1 .00

7.719

1.00

7.720

1.00

7.721

1.00

7.722

1.00

7.723

1.00

7.724

1.00

7.725

1.00

7.726

1.00

7.727

1.00

7,728

1.00

7,729

1.00

T

E

•c

480

3381.56

481

3389.29

482

3397,02

483

3404,75

484

3412,48

48 5

342 0,21

486

3427,95

487

3435,68

488

3443,42

489

3451.16

490

aACQ QO
I> O # O 7

491

3466.63

492

3474.37

493

3482.11

494

3489.86

495

496

3505.34

497

3513.09

498

3520.84

499

3528.58

500

3 536.33

501

3544.08

502

3561.83

503

3559.58

604

3567.33

505

3 575.09

606

3582.84

607

3590.59

508

3598.35

509

3606. 11

A 1 "3 ft 7

511

3621.62

612

3629.38

513

3637. 16

514

3644.91

516

3652.67

516

3660.44

517

3668.20

518

3675.97

519

3683.73

f\ 9 n

.3 O 7 X • 3 U

521

3699.27

522

3707.04

523

3714.81

524

3722.59

9

3730. 36

626

3738.13

527

3745.91

528

3753.69

629

3761.46

530

3769.24

531

3777.02

632

3784.80

633

3792.58

634

3800.37

636

3808.16

536

3815.93

637

3823.72

538

3831.51

539

3839.30

540 3847,08

S dS/dT

nV/«C^

7,729
7,730
7,731
7,732
7,733

1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00

7.734
7.735
I.Tib
7.737
7.738

1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00

7.739
7.740
7.741
7.742
7.743

1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00

7.744
7.745
7.746
7.7U7
7.748

1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00

7.749
7,760
7,751
7,762
7.763

1.00
1.00
1.01
1,01
1.01

7,754
7,755
7,756
7,767
7,758

1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01

7.759
7,760
7,761
7,762
7.763

1,01
1.01
1,01
1.01
1.02

7,764
7.765

7,766
7,767

7.768

1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02

7,769
7,770
7,771
7,772
7,773

1.02
1.02
1.02
1.03
1.03

7,774
7.775
7,776
7,777
7,778

1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03

7,779
7,780
7.781

7.782
7.783

1.03
1.04
1.04
1.04
1.04

7,784
7,785
7.786
7.787
7.788

1.04
1.04
1.04
1.05
1.05

7.789

1.05

80

Table 4.5.2. Type BN thermoelements versus platinum, Pt— 67 — thermoelectric voltages, ¥i{T) , Seebeck

coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

J

E

/iV

540

3847.08

541

3854, 87

542

3862.67

543

3870.46

544

3878.25

545

3886.04

546

3893. 84

547

3901.64

548

3909.43

549

3917.23

550

3925.03

551

3932.83

552

3940.63

553

3948.44

554

3956.24

555

3964.05

556

3971 .85

557

3979.66

558

3987.47

559

3995.28

560

4003.09

561

4010.90

562

4018.71

563

4026.52

564

4034.34

565

4042.15

566

4049.97

567

4057.79

568

4065,61

569

4073.43

570

4081.25

571

4089.07

572

4096.89

573

4104.72

574

4112.54

575

4120.37

576

4128.20

577

4136.03

578

4143.86

579

4151.69

580

4159.52

581

4167.35

582

4175.19

583

4183.02

584

4190.86

585

4198,70

586

4206,54

587

4214.38

588

4222.22

589

4230.06

590

4237.91

591

4245.75

592

4253.60

593

4261.44

594

4269.29

595

4277.14

596

4284.99

597

4292.84

598

4300.70

599

4308.55

600

4316.41

s

dS/dT

.,w/ or

fLVf

nv/ \j

7,789

1.05

7, 791

1,05

7.792

1,05

7.793

1.05

7.794

1,06

7.795

1.06

7. 796

1.06

7.797

1.06

7.798

1.06

7.799

1,06

7.800

1,07

7.801

1.07

7.802

1.07

7.803

1,07

7.804

1.07

7.805

1.07

7. 806

1.08

7.808

1.08

7.809

1,08

7.810

1,08

7.811

1.08

7.812

1,09

7.813

1.09

7.814

1.09

7.815

1.09

7.816

1.09

7.817

1, 10

7.818

1.10

7.820

1.10

7.821

1,10

7.822

1.10

7,823

1.11

7,824

l.H

7,825

1.11

7.826

1.11

7.827

1.11

7.828

1.12

7.830

1.12

7.831

1.12

7.832

1,12

7.833

1.12

7.834

1,13

7.835

1.13

7.836

1.13

7.837

1.13

7.839

1,13

7, 840

1.14

7,841

1.14

7.842

1,14

7.843

1,14

7.844

1.15

7,845

1,15

7.847

1, 15

7.848

1,15

7.849

1.15

7.850

1. 16

7.851

1, 16

7.852

1, 16

7.853

1,16

7.855

1.17

7.856

1,17

T

•c

E

600
601
602
603
604

4316,41
4324,26
4332. 12
4339,98
4347,84

605
606
607
608
609

4355.70
4363 . 56
4371.43
4379.29
4387.16

610
611
612
613
614

4395.02
4402 , 89
4410,76
4418,63
4426,50

615
616
617
618
619

4434.38
4442 . 25
4450.13
4458.00
4465.88

620
621
622
623
624

4473.76
448 1 , 64
4489,52
4497.40
4505.29

625
626
627
628
629

4513.17
4521.06
4528,95
4536.83
4544.72

630
631
632
633
634

4562.62
4560 ,51
4568.40
4576.30
4584, 19

635
636
637
638
639

4592,09
4599,99
4607,89
4615,79
4623.69

640
641
642
643
644

4631.60
4639 . 50
4647.41
4655.32
4663,22

645
646
647
648
649

4671,13
4679 ,05
4686,96
4694.87
4702.79

650
651
652
653
654

4710,70
4718,62
4726.54
4734,46
4742.38

655
656
657
658
659

4750.31
4758.23
4766. 15
4774.08
4782.01

660

4789.94

S dS/dT

7.856

1.17

7.857

1.17

7.858

1.17

7.859

1,17

7,860

1*16

7,862

1,18

7.863

1.18

7,864

1.18

7,865

1,19

*7 Q A A

7,868

1,19

7,869

1,19

7.870

1.20

7,871

1.20

7 aT>

1 • O 1 ^

1 7r\

L m

7.874

1.20

7.875

1.20

7.876

1 .21

7,877

1.21

"7 O 7 D

1 _ 9 1

i. • £. 1

7,880

1.21

7.881

1.22

7.882

1.22

7,883

1,22

7,884

1 • 2 2

7.886

1.23

7.887

1,23

7.888

1.23

7.889

1.23

7,891

1.23

7.892

1.24

7.893

1.24

7.894

1.24

7,896

1.24

7 , 897

1.25

7,898

1.25

7,899

1.25

7,901

1.25

7,902

1,26

7,903

1.26

7,904

1.26

7.906

1.26

7.907

1.27

7.908

1.27

7 # 909

1 07
1. • c. 1

7,911

1.27

7.912

1.27

7.913

1.28

7.915

1.28

7,916

1.28

7,917

1.28

7.918

1.29

7.920

1.29

7.921

1.29

7.922

1 .29

7.924

1.30

7,925

1 .30

7,926

1.30

7,927

1.30

7,929

1 .30

7.930 1.31

T E
•C

660 4789.94

661 4797.87

662 4805.80

663 4813.74

664 4821.67

665 4829.61

666 4837.54

667 4845.48

668 4853.42

669 4861.36

670 4869.31

671 4877.25

672 4885.19

673 4893.14

674 4901.09

675 4909.04

676 4916.99

677 4924.94

678 4932.89

679 4940.85

680 4948.80

681 4956.76

682 4964.72

683 4972.68

684 4980,64

685 4988,60

686 4996,57

687 5004.53

688 5012.50

689 5020.47

690 5028.44

691 5036.41

692 5044.38

693 5052.36

694 5060.33

695 5068.31

696 5076.28

697 5084.26

698 5092.24

699 5100.23

700 5108.21

701 5116.19

702 5124,18

703 5132.17

704 5140.16

705 5148.15

706 5156.14

707 5164.13

708 5172.13

709 5180.12

710 5188.12

711 5196.12

712 5204.12

713 5212.12

714 5220.13

715 5228.13

716 5236.14

717 5244.14

718 5252.15

719 5260.16

720 5268.17

s

dS/dT

/iV/ \,

nv/ u

7.930

1.31

7.931

1.31

7.933

1.31

7,934

1.31

7.935

1,32

7.937

1,32

7.938

1,32

7.939

1,32

7.941

1.33

7.942

1.33

7.943

1.33

7.945

1.33

7.946

1.33

7,947

1,34

7.949

1.34

7.950

1.34

7.951

1 . 34

7.953

1.35

7.954

1.35

7.955

1.35

7.957

1.35

7.958

1,35

7.959

1.36

7.961

1.36

7.962

1.36

7.963

1.36

7. 965

1,37

7.966

1.37

7.968

1.37

7.969

1.37

7.970

1.37

7.972

1.38

7.973

1.38

7.974

1,38

7.976

1,38

7,977

1.39

7.979

1 .39

7.980

1.39

7.981

1.39

7.983

1.39

7,984

1.40

7, 986

1 .40

7.987

1.40

7.988

1.40

7.990

1.40

7.991

1.41

7,993

1,41

7,994

1.41

7,996

1,41

7,997

1.42

7,998

1,42

8,000

1,42

8,001

1.42

8,002

1.42

8,004

1.43

8,00 5

1,43

8,007

1,43

8,008

1 ,43

8,010

1.43

8,011

1 ,44

8.012 1.44

81

Table 4.5.2. Type BN thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 —thermoelectric voltages, E{T) , Seebeck
coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

J

C

720

5268.17

721

5276.19

722

5284.20

723

5292.22

724

5300 . 24

725

5308.25

726

5316.27

727

53 24.30

728

5 332.32

7 9 Q

5 340.34

730

5348.37

731

5356.40

732

5364,43

733

5372,46

734

5380,49

735

5388.52

736

5396,56

737

5404, 59

738

5412,63

739

5420,67

740

5428,71

741

5436,76

742

5444. 80

743

5452,84

744

5460,89

745

5468.94

746

5476,99

747

5485,04

748

5493,09

749

5 5 01,15

750

5509,20

751

5517,26

752

5525,32

753

5533,38

754

5 541, 44

755

5549,50

756

5557,57

757

5565.63

758

5573, 70

759

5581.77

760

5589.84

761

5597.91

762

5605 . 99

763

P O JL *+ . D

764

5622. 14

765

5630.22

766

5638.30

767

^A4A "^ft

768

I? O *+ . H o

769

770

5670* A3

771

5678.72

772

5686.81

773

5694,90

774

5702.99

775

5711,08

776

5719. 18

777

5727,28

778

5735,37

779

5743,47

780 5751,58

s

/iV/»C

dS/dT

8,012
8,014
8,015
8,017
8,018

1,44
1,44
1,44

1,44
1,45

8,020
8,021
8,023
8,024

8,025

1,45
1,45
1,45
1,45
1.45

8,027
8,028
8,030
8,031
8,033

1.46
1,46
1,46
1,46
1,46

8.034
8.036
8.037
8.039
8.040

1,47
1.47
1.47
1.47
1,47

8.042
8,043
8.045
8.046
8.048

1,48
1.48
1.48
1.48
1.48

8,049
8,050
8,052

8,053
8,055

1.48
1.49
1.49
1.49
1.49

8,056
8,058
8,059
8.061
8,062

1.49
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50

8.064
8.065
8.067
8.068
8,070

1.50
1.50
1.51
1.51
1.51

8,071
8,073
8,074
8,076
8,078

1.51
1.51
1.51
1.52

1.52

8,079
8,081
8,082
8,084
8,085

1,52
1.52
1.52
1,52

1,52

8,087
8.088
8 . 090
8.091
8.093

1,53
1,53
1,53
1,53
1,53

8.094
8,096
8,097
8,099
8,100

1.53
1,54
1.54
1.54
1.54

8, 102

1,54

T

1

c

C.

*c

780

5751.58

781

5759.68

782

7fl

78 3

5 775 .89

784

785

5792.10

786

5800.21

787

ft n A .

788

-) O A D • H *+

T Q O

5824. 56

790

5832.67

791

5840.79

792

5848 . 9 1

793

«i ft57 . 03

794

5865 ,15

795

5873,28

796

5881.41

797

5889,53

798

5897,66

799

5905 , 79

800

5913,92

801

5922.06

802

5930 . 19

803

5938.33

804

5946.47

805

5954.61

806

5962,75

807

5970,89

80 8

5979,04

809

5987, 19

810

5995.33

811

6003.48

812

6011.63

813

6019. 79

814

6027.94

815

6036. 10

816

6044,26

817

6052,41

818

D O U , J (

A 1 o
O 1 V

n A n lit

O U D o ♦ 1 H

820

6076.90

821

6085*07

822

6093 .23

82 3

D J. U J. . *+ w

824

6 1 0 9 • 5 7

825

6117.74

826

6125.92

827

A 1 '^L. no

n 7 fl

o Z o

829

A 1 tin A ^

8 30

V X O 9 O D

831

6166.81

832

6174.99

833

6183. 18

834

6191.36

835

6199.55

836

6207.74

837

6215,93

838

6224. 12

839

6232,32

840 6240.51

c

dS/uT

nV/**C

8,102

1.54

8,104

1.54

O • J. u

1.54

fl 1 n 7

1 R

-L • J 3

ft 1 n p

1.55

8,110

1.55

8,111

1.55

ft 1 1

1.55

8.114

1.55

ft 1 1 A

O . 1 ID

JL • P I?

8,117

1.55

8,119

1.56

8, 121

1,56

8,122

1,56

8,124

1,56

8.125

1,56

8,127

1,56

8,128

1.56

8,130

1.57

8,131

1.57

8,133

1.57

8,135

1.57

8,136

1,57

8, 138

1,57

8,139

1,57

8,141

1.57

8,142

1.57

8 , 144

1.58

6, 146

1,58

8, 147

1,58

8.149

1,58

8, 150

1,58

8,152

1,58

8,154

1,58

8,155

1,58

8,157

1.58

8,158

1.59

8,160

1.59

P 1 A 1
O , 1 O 1

1.59

8.165

1.59

8. 166

1.59

8 • 168

1.59

ft 1 AO

1

X . _> V

ft 171

1.59

8.173

1.59

8.174

1.60

O o J. 1 O

1 An

1 • D U

ft 1 77

1 An

8.1 79

1 An

8.181

1,60

8.182

1,60

8.184

1.60

8.185

1,60

8. 187

1,60

8. 189

1,60

8. 190

1,60

8. 192

1.60

8. 193

1.61

8.195

1,61

8.197

1,61

T

E

•c

840

6240,51

841

6248,71

ft A 9

A 5 A O 1

ft /i

844

A 9 7 H "SI

845

6281,52

846

6289,72

OH (

O t 7 / . 7 J

848

A -3 r\ A 1 A

849

A a 1 A o c
D .3 X H . ^ I?

850

6322,56

851

6330,77

852

6338 , 99

O 3 ^

6347,21

854

6355 , 42

855

6363,64

856

6371,87

857

^ O U , ^ 7

858

6388 . 3 1

859

6396.54

860

6404.77

861

6413.00

862

642 1.23

863

Q - ^A
OH^ 7 . HO

864

OH J / . 1 vJ

865

6445.93

866

6454.17

867

V HO «. . H X

868

A/i7n AS

OH / U ♦ D ■)

869

AA7Q QQ

OH r 0 . 0 7

870

6487,14

871

6495,38

ft 7 U

A R n A
0 7 U <3 • 0 .3

ft 7 "a

A S 1 1 ft ft

874

652 0.13

875

6528.38

876

6536.64

877

aS6,Zl flO

0 J HH . 0 ?

878

A 1; t: 0 T c

879

A A 1 AT
0 5 0 i • H 1

880

6569.67

881

6577.93

ft ft ">

o o ^

A Pi ft A 9 n

883

A 0 /■ A A
0!>y H . HO

884

AAn 7 7 '5

885

6611.00

886

6619.27

887

A A 0 7 /■
00^ f . PH

888

A A "3 C. ft 1

889

6644 .09

890

6652 .37

891

6660.64

892

6668.92

893

6677.21

894

6685.49

895

6693.77

896

6702.06

897

6710.35

898

6718.64

899

6726,93

900 6735.22

s

dS/dT

8.197

1.61

8,198

1,61

8.2 00

1 A 1

8.201

1.61

8 .203

1.61

8.205

1.61

8,206

1.61

8.208

1.61

ft "5 n Q

1 A 1

X . 0 X

8.211

1.61

8.213

1.61

8.214

1.61

7 A 1

X • 0 X

ft 7 1ft

1 A 7

X . 0^

ft 710
0 . ^ X ?

1 A7

X . 0^

8,221

1,62

8,222

1,62

8.224

1 *A7
X . o<i

ft 7 5 A

1 A 7
X . 0 A

ft 7 97

1 -, A7

X . 0^

8.229

1.62

8.231

1.62

8.232

1 .62

ft 7 ^/i.

1 A 7

Q 7 ■a ^

1 A 7
X . 0 A

8,237

1.62

8.239

1.62

ft 7ZLn

0 # ^HU

X • OA

ft 7 A 7

1 A 7
X . 0^

8.2 43

1 A 7

1 . Da

8.245

1.62

8.247

1.62

Q 7 A ft

1 A 7
X • OA

8.2 50

1 . 62

8 • 252

1 . 62

8.253

1.62

8.255

1.63

ft 7 e\ A

1 A'^

8.258

1,63

8. 260

1,63

8.261

1,63

8.263

1.63

Q 0 A c;

1.63

8. 266

1 .63

8 . 268

1 .63

8.269

1 .63

8.271

1.63

8.273

1.63

8.274

1 .63

8.276

1,63

8.278

1 ,63

8.279

1,63

8.281

1,63

8.283

1 ,63

8.284

1,63

8.286

1,63

8.287

1,63

8,289

1,63

8,291

1.63

8.292

1.63

8.294 1.63

82

Table 4.5.2. Type BN thermoelements versus platinum, Pt— 67 — thermoelectric voltages, 'EiT) , Seebeck
coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

»c

E

s

900
901
902
903
904

6735.22
6743.52
6751.81
6760. 11
6768.41

8.294
8.296
8.297
8.299
8.300

905
906
907
908
909

6776.71
6785.02
6793.32
6801,63
6809.93

8.302
8.304
8.305
8.307
8.309

910
911
912
913
914

6818.24
6826.55
6834.87
6843.18
6851.50

8.310
8.312
8.313
8.315
8.317

915
916
917
918
919

6859.81
6868.13
6876.45
6884.78
6893.10

8.318
8.320
8.322
8.323
8.325

920
921
922
923
924

6901.43
6909.75
6918.08
6926.41
6934.74

8.326
8.328
8.330
8.331
8.333

925
926
927
928
929

6943.08
6951.41
6959.75
6968.09
6976.43

8.335
8.336
8.338
8.339
8.341

930
931
932
933
934

6984.77
6993.11
7001 .46
7009.81
7018.15

8.343
8.344
8.346
8.347
8.349

935
936
937
938
939

7026.50
7034.86
7043.21
7051.56
7059.92

8.351
8.352
8.354
8.356
8.357

940
941
942
943
944

7068.28
7076.64
7085.00
7093.36
7101.73

8.359
8.360
8.362
8,364
8.365

945
946
947
948
949

7110.09
7118.46
7126.83
7135.20
7143.57

8,367
8,368
8.370
8.372
8.373

950
951
952
953
954

7151.95
7160.32
7168.70
7177.08
7185.46

8.375
8.377
8.378
8.380
8.381

955
956
957
958
959

7193.84
7202.23
7210.61
7219.00
7227.39

8.383
8.385
8.386
8.388

8,389

960

7235.78

8,391

dS/dT T E

1,63 960 7235.78

1.63 961 7244.17

1,63 962 7252.56

1.63 963 7260.96

1.63 964 7269.35

1.63 965 7277.75

1.63 966 7286.15

1.63 967 7294.55

1.63 968 7302.95

1.63 969 7311.36

1.63 970 7319.77

1.63 971 7328.17

1.63 972 7336.58

1.63 973 7344.99

1.63 974 7353.41

1.63 975 7361.82

1.62 976 7370.23

1.62 977 7378.65

1.62 978 7387.07

1.62 979 7395,49

1.62 980 7403.91

1.62 981 7412.34

1.62 982 7420.76

1,62 983 7429.19

1.62 984 7437.62

1.62 985 7446.05

1.62 986 7454.48

1.62 987 7462.91

1.62 988 7471.34

1.62 989 7479.78

1.62 990 7488.22

1.62 991 7496.66

1.62 992 7505.10

1.62 993 7513.54

1.62 994 7521,98

1,62 995 7530,43

1.62 996 7538.88

1.62 997 7547.32

1.61 998 7555.77

1.61 999 7564.23

1.61 1000 7572.68

1.61 1001 7581.13

1.61 1002 7589.59

1.61 1003 7598.05

1.61 1004 7606.51

1.61 1005 7614.97

1.61 1006 7623.43

1.61 1007 7631.89

1.61 1008 7640.36

1.61 1009 7648.83

1.61 1010 7657.29

1.61 1011 7665.76

1.60 1012 7674.24

1.60 1013 7682.71

1.60 1014 7691.18

1.60 1015 7699.66

1.60 1016 7708.14

1.60 1017 7716.62

1.60 1018 7725.10

1.60 1019 7733.58

1.60 1020 7742.06

c
o

dS /dT

■J

n V/ \j

8.391

1 .60

1020

8.393

1.60

1021

8.394

1.59

1022

8.396

1.59

1023

8.397

1.59

1024

8.399

1.59

1025

8.400

1.59

1026

8.402

1 .59

1027

8.404

1.59

1028

8.406

1.59

1029

8.407

1.59

1030

8.408

1.59

1031

8.410

1.58

1032

8.412

1.58

1033

8.413

1.58

1034

8.415

1.58

1035

8.416

1.58

1036

8.418

1.58

1037

8.419

1.58

1038

8.421

1.58

1039

8.423

1.57

1040

8.424

1.57

1041

8.426

1.57

1042

8.427

1,57

1043

8.429

1.57

1044

8.430 1.57 1045

8.432 1.57 1046

8.434 1.56 1047

8.435 1.56 1048
8.437 1.56 1049

8.438 1.56 1050

8.440 1.56 1051

8.441 1.56 1052
8.443 1.56 1053

8.445 1.55 1054

8.446 1.55 1055

8.448 1.55 1056

8.449 1.55 1057

8.451 1.55 1058

8.452 1.55 1059

8.454

1.54

1060

8.455

1.54

1061

8.457

1.54

1062

8.458

1.54

1063

8.460

1.54

1064

8.462

1.54

1065

8.463

1.53

1066

8.465

1.53

1067

8.466

1.53

1068

8.468

1.53

1069

8.469

1.53

1070

8.471

1.53

1071

8.472

1.52

1072

8.474

1.52

1073

8.475

1.52

1074

8,477

1.52

1075

8,478

1,52

1076

8,480

1,51

1077

8,481

1,51

1078

8.483

1,51

1079

8,484

1.51

1080

c

c

c

Hc: / HT
uo / a 1

nv/ ^

7742.06

8.484

1 .51

7750.55

8.486

1.51

7759.03

8.487

1.50

7767. 52

8.489

1.50

7776.01

8.490

1.50

7784.50

8.492

1.50

7793.00

8.493

1.50

7801.49

8.495

1 .49

7809.98

8.496

1 .49

7818.48

8.498

1 .49

7826.98

8.499

1 .49

7835.48

8.501

1 .48

7843.98

8. 502

1 .48

7852.49

8. 504

1 .48

7860.99

8.505

1.48

7869.50

8.507

1 .48

7878.00

8.508

1.47

7886.51

8. 510

1 .47

7895.02

8.511

1 .47

7903.53

8.513

1.47

7912.05

8. 514

1.46

7920.56

8.516

1.46

7929.08

8.517

1.46

7937.60

8.518

1 .46

7946.12

8. 520

1 .45

7954.64

8. 521

1.45

7963.16

8.523

1.45

7971.68

8. 524

1 .45

7980.21

8.526

1 .44

7988.73

8.527

1 .44

7997,26

8.529

1 .44

8005.79

8.530

1.44

8014.32

8.531

1.43

8022.85

8.533

1 .43

8031.39

8.534

1.43

8039,92

8.536

1.43

8048,46

8.537

1.42

8057,00

8,539

1 .42

8065,54

8,540

1 .42

8074,08

8.541

1.42

8082.62

8. 543

1.41

8091. 16

8. 544

1.41

8099.71

8. 546

1.41

8108.25

8.547

1.40

8116.80

8.549

1.40

8125.35

8.550

1 . 40

8133,90

8.551

1 .40

8142.45

8.553

1.39

8151,01

8. 554

1 . 39

8159.56

8.555

1.39

8168. 12

8.557

1 , 3 8,

8176.68

8.558

1.3'8

8185.24

8. 560

1.38

8193.80

8. 561

1 .37

8202.36

8. 562

1.37

8210.92

8.564

1.37

8219.48

8.565

1.37

8228.05

8.566

1.36

8236.62

8.568

1.36

8245.19

8.569

1.36

8253.76

8.571

1.35

83

Table 4.5.2. Type BIS thermoelements versus platinum, Vl-61 —thermoelectric voltages, E (T) , Seefeecifc

coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

1

c
&

c

uo / U 1

"C

ii\J

fJ,V / ^

nV/°C^

1080

8253.76

8,571

1,35

1081

8262.33

8.572

1.35

1082

8270.90

8, 573

1.35

1083

8279.47

8.575

1 . 34

1084

8288.05

8,576

1.34

1085

8296.63

8,577

1.34

1086

8305.20

8,579

1.33

1087

8313.78

8.580

1.33

1088

8322.36

8.581

1.33

1089

8330.95

8.583

1,32

1090

8339.53

8.584

1,32

1091

8348, 1 1

8.585

1,32

1092

8356.70

8.587

1.31

1093

8365.29

8.588

1.31

1094

8373.88

8,589

1.31

1095

8382.46

8,590

1.30

1096

8391.06

8, 592

1,30

1097

8399.65

8,593

1,30

1098

8408.24

8,594

1,29

1099

8416.84

8.596

1,29

1100

8425,43

8.597

1.29

1101

8434.03

8,598

1,28

1102

8442.63

8,600

1,28

1103

8451.23

8,601

1,27

1104

8459.83

8,602

1,27

1105

8468.43

8.603

1.27

1106

8477,04

8,605

1,26

1107

8485,64

8.606

1,26

1108

8494,25

8.607

1,26

1109

8502,86

8.608

1.25

1110

8511,47

8.610

1.25

1111

8520,08

8.611

1.24

1112

8528.69

8.612

1.24

1113

8537,30

8,613

1.24

1114

8545,92

8,615

1.23

1115

8554,53

8,616

1.23

1116

8563,15

8,617

1.22

1117

8571,76

8,618

1.22

1118

8580,38

8,619

1.22

1119

8589,00

8,621

1,21

1120

8597.62

8,622

1,21

1121

8606,25

8,623

1,20

1122

8614.87

8 , 624

1,20

1123

8623,50

8,626

1,20

1124

8632, 12

8,627

1,19

1125

8640,75

8,628

1,19

1126

8649,38

8,629

1,18

1127

8658,01

8,630

1.18

1128

8666,64

8,631

1,18

1129

8675.27

8,633

1.17

1130

8683.90

8,634

1,17

1131

8692 . 54

8,635

1. 16

1132

8701,17

8,636

1.16

1133

8709.81

8,637

1.15

1134

8718,45

8,638

1.15

1135

8727.09

8.640

1,15

1136

8735,73

8.641

1,14

1137

8744,37

8,642

1,14

1138

8753,01

8,643

1,13

1139

8761,65

8,644

1,13

1140

8770,30

8,645

1,12

T

c
c.

s

do/a i

Of
V./

fi.v/

nv/ ^

1140

8770.30

8.645

1.12

1141

8778.94

8,646

1.12

1142

8787,59

8 , 647

1.11

1143

8796 .24

8 , 649

1.11

1144

8804,89

8.650

1,11

1145

8813,54

8,651

1.10

1146

8822, 19

8.652

1 .10

1147

8830,84

8.653

1.09

1148

8839,50

8,654

1.09

1149

8848, 15

8,655

1.08

1150

8856.81

8,656

1.08

1151

8865.46

8.657

1,07

1152

8874. 12

8,658

1.07

1153

8882.78

8.659

1.06

1154

8891.44

8.661

1.06

1155

8900.10

8.662

1,05

1156

8908.76

8.663

1,05

1157

8917.43

8.664

1 ,04

1158

8926.09

8.665

1 ,04

1159

8934.76

8.666

1,03

1160

8943.42

8.667

1.03

1161

8952.09

8,668

1.02

1162

8960.76

8,669

1,02

1163

8969.43

8.670

1,01

1164

8978. 10

8.671

1 .01

1165

8986,77

8.672

1.00

1166

8995,44

8.673

1.00

1167

9004, 11

8,674

0,99

1168

9012,79

3,675

0,99

1169

902 1 ,46

8 . 676

0,98

1170

9030,14

8,677

0,98

1171

9038,82

8.678

0,97

1172

9047, 50

8. 679

0,97

1173

9056,18

8.680

0,96

1 174

9064 ,86

8.681

0,96

1175

9073,54

8,682

0,95

1176

9082.22

8.683

0,95

1177

9090,90

8.684

0 , 94

1178

9099, 59

8 ,684

0 , 94

1179

9108,27

8,685

0,93

1180

9116.96

8,686

0,92

1181

9125,64

8.687

0,92

1182

9134,33

8.688

0,91

1183

9143,02

8.689

0,91

1184

9151,71

8 .690

0,90

1185

9160,40

8.691

0,90

1186

9169.09

8.692

0,89

1187

9177.78

8,693

0.89

1188

9186,48

8.694

0.88

1189

9195.17

8.694

0.87

1190

9203,87

8.695

0.87

1191

9212.56

8.696

0.86

1192

9221.26

8.697

0.86

1193

9229.96

8.698

0.85

1194

9238.65

8.699

0.85

1195

9247.35

8.700

0.84

1196

9256.05

8.700

0.83

1197

9264.75

8.701

0.83

1198

9273,46

8.702

0.82

1199

9282,16

8.703

0,82

1200

9290.86

8.704

0.81

T
"C

E

fiV

s

dS/dT
nVZ-C*

1200
1201
1202
1203
1204

9290.86
9299.56
9308.27
9316.98
9325.68

8.704
8.704
8.705
8.706
8.707

0,81
0,80
0,80
0.79
0.79

1205
1206
1207
1208
1209

9334.39
9343.10
9351.81
9360.52
9369.23

8,708
8.708
8,709
8,710
8,711

0.78
0.77
0.77
0.76
0.76

1210
1211
1212
1213
1214

9377.94
9386.65
9395.36
9404,08
9412,79

8,711
8.712
8.713
8.714
8.714

0.75
0.74
0.74
0.73
0.72

1215
1216
1217
1218
1219

9421,50
9430.22
9438.94
9447.65
9456,37

8.715
8.716
8,717
8,717
8,718

0.72
0.71
0.71
0.70
0.69

1220
1221
1222
1223
1224

9465.09
9473,81
9482.53
9491,25
9499.97

8,719
8.719
8.720
8.721
8.721

0,69
0,68
0.67
0.67
0,66

1225
1226
1227
1228
1229

9508.69
9517.41
9526. 14
9534.86
9543.58

8.722
8.723
8.723
8.724
8.725

0.65
0.65
0,64
0,63
0,63

1230
1231
1232
1233
1234

9552.31
9561.03
9569.76
9578.49
9587.21

8,725
8,726
8,726
8,727
8,728

0.62
0.61
0.61
0.60
0.59

1235
1236
1237
1238
1239

9595.94
9604.67
9613.40
9622.13
9630,86

8,728
8,729
8,729
8,730
8.731

0.59
0,58

0.57
0,57
0,56

1240
1241
1242
1243
1244

9639,59
9648,32
9657,05
9665,79
9674.52

8,731
8.732
8,732
8.733
8.733

0,55
0,55
0.54
0.53
0.52

1245
1246
1247
1248
1249

9683.25
9691.99
9700.72
9709.46
9718,19

8.734
8.734
8.735
8.735
8.736

0.52
0.51
0.50
0.50
0.49

1250
1251
1252
1253
1254

9726,93
9735.66
9744.40
9753.14
9761.88

8.736
8.737
8.737
8,738
8,738

0.48
0.^7
0.47
0.46
0.45

1255
1256
1257
1258
1259

9770.62
9779,35
9788,09
9796,83
9805,57

8,739
8,739
8,739
8.740
8.740

0.45
0.44
0.^3
0,42
0.42

1260

9814,31

8.741

0.41

84

Table 4.5.2. Type BN thermoelements versus platinum, PtS7 — thermoelectric voltages, ^(T) , Seeheck
coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

s

dS/dT

»C

uV/'C

1260

9814.31

8.741

0.41

1261

9823.05

8.741

0,40

1262

o » r

0,39

1263

9840.54

8.742

0.39

126A

9849.28

8.742

0,38

1265

9858.02

8.743

0,37

1266

9866.76

8.743

0.36

1267

9875.51

8 , 743

0.36

1268

9884.25

8.744

0.35

1269

9893.00

8.744

0.34

1270

9901.74

8.744

0,33

1271

9910.48

8.745

0,32

1272

9919.23

8 . 745

0.32

1273

9927.97

8.745

0.31

1274

9936.72

8.746

0,30

1275

9945.47

8.746

0.29

1276

9954.21

8.746

0.29

1 1

996 2 • 96

Q 1 1ll

0.28

1278

9971.71

8.747

0.27

1279

9980.45

8.747

0.26

1280

9989.20

8.747

0.25

1281

9997.95

8.748

0.25

0.24

1283

10015.44

8.748

0.23

1284

10024.19

8.748

0.22

1285

10032.94

8.749

0.21

1286

10041.69

8,749

0.21

1 OCT

Q "7AQ

0.20

1288

10059,19

8.749

0. 19

1289

10067.93

8.749

0.18

1290

10076.68

8.749

0,17

1291

10085.43

8.750

0,16

1292

10094. 18

8.750

0.16

1293

10102.93

8.750

0.15

1294

10111.68

8,750

0,14

1295

10120.43

8.750

0,13

1296

10129.18

8.750

0.12

1297

10137.93

8 . 750

0,11

1298

10146.68

8.751

0.11

1299

10155.44

8.751

0.10

1300

10164.19

8.751

0.09

1301

10172.94

8.751

0.08

1302

10181.69

8.751

0.07

1303

10190.44

8.751

0.06

1304

10199,19

8.751

0.06

1305

10207.94

8.751

0.05

1306

10216,69

8.751

0.04

1307

10225,44

8.751

0.03

1308

10234.19

8.751

0.02

1309

10242.95

8.751

0.01

1310

10251.70

8.751

0.00

1311

10260.45

8.751

-0,01

1312

10269.20

8,751

-0.01

1313

10277,95

8.751

-0.02

1314

10286.70

8.751

-0,03

1315

10295.45

8.751

-0,04

1316

10304.20

8.751

-0.05

1317

10312.96

8.751

-0,06

1318

10321.71

8.751

-0.07

1319

10330.46

8.751

-0.08

1320

10339.21

8.751

-0.08

T

E

s

dS/dT

•c

fj.\//°C

1320

10339.21

8.751

-0.08

1321

10347.96

8.751

-0.09

13 2 2

8.751

~ 0 ♦ 1 0

1323

10365.46

8.751

-0.11

1324

10374.21

8.750

-0,12

1325

10382.96

8,750

-0.13

1326

10391,71

8,750

-0.14

132 7

10400 ,46

8,750

— 0.15

1328

10409.21

8.750

-0.16

1329

10417,96

8.750

-0.17

1330

10426.71

8.750

-0,18

1331

10435.46

8.749

-0,18

1332

10444 .21

8 • 749

— 0 ,19

1333

10452,96

8.749

-0.20

1334

10461.71

8.749

-0.21

1335

10470.46

8,749

-0.22

1336

10479.21

8.748

-0.23

1 a "7

1 O A Q 7 O c;

8 • 7 48

*" 0 • 2 4

1338

10496. 70

8.748

-0.25

1339

10505.45

8.748

-0.26

1340

10514.20

8.747

-0.27

1341

10522,94

8.747

-0.28

1 A 7

D 7A 7

— n 7 0
*^ u • ^ V

1343

10540.44

8.747

-0.30

1344

10549.18

8.746

-0.31

1345

10557.93

8.746

-0.32

1346

10566.68

8.746

-0.32

1 ■21 A 7

1 fl 7 R A 7

ft 7ZlS

— 0 • 3 3

1348

10584.17

8.745

-0.34

1349

10592.91

8.745

-0.35

1350

10601 .66

8.744

-0,36

1351

10610.40

8,744

-0,37

13 5 2

10619. 14

8,743

— 0,38

1353

10627.89

8,743

-0,39

1354

10636.63

8.743

-0,40

1355

10645.37

8.742

-0,41

1356

10654,11

8.742

-0,42

1357

10662 ,86

8.741

— 0,43

1358

10671,60

8.741

-0,44

1359

10680,34

8.741

-0.45

1360

10689,08

8.740

-0,46

1361

10697.82

8.740

-0.47

1362

10706 , 56

8 .739

-0.48

1363

10715,30

8.739

-0.49

1364

10724,03

8.738

-0.50

1365

10732,77

8.738

-0.51

1366

10741,51

8.737

-0.52

1367

10750 ,25

8.737

-0.53

1368

10758.98

8.736

-0.54

1369

10767.72

8.736

-0.55

1370

10776.45

8.735

-0.56

1371

10785.19

8.734

-0.57

1372

8 . 734

— 0.58

1373

10802.66

8.733

-0.59

1374

10811.39

8.733

-0.60

1375

10820. 12

8.732

-0.61

1376

10828.85

8.731

-0.62

1377

10837.58

8.731

-0.63

1378

10846,32

8.730

-0.64

1379

10855,05

8.730

-0.65

1380

10863,77

8.729

-0.66

T

E

S

dS/dT

"C

/xV

uVZ-C

r

nV/»C^

1380

10863.77

8.729

-0.66

1381

10872.50

8. 728

-0.67

1382

8.728

— 0.68

1383

10889.96

8.727

-0.69

1384

10898.68

8.726

-0.70

1385

10907,41

8.725

-0.71

1386

10916. 14

8.725

-0.72

1387

8 . 724

—0 .73

1388

10933.58

8.723

-0.74

1389

10942.31

8.723

-0.75

1390

10951.03

8.722

-0.76

1391

10959,75

8.721

-0.77

i J 7 ^

1 nQf. ft A 7

fl 7 9 n

_ n 7 R

1393

10977. 19

8.719

-0.79

1394

10985.91

8,719

-0.80

1395

10994.63

8.718

-0.81

1396

11003.35

8.717

-0.82

1 Q7

ft 7 1

_Q ^

1398

11020.78

8.715

-0.85

1399

11029,49

8.715

-0.86

1400

11038,21

8,714

-0.87

1401

11046,92

8,713

-0.88

1402

R 719

1403

11064. 34

8,711

-0.90

1404

11073.05

8.710

-0.91

1405

11081.76

8.709

-0.92

1406

11090.47

8.708

-0.93

1407

11099,18

fl 7n 7

— 0*94

1408

11107,89

8,706

-0.95

1409

11116.59

8,705

-0,96

1410

11125.30

8,704

-0.97

1411

11134.00

8,703

-0.98

1412

1 1 142 .71

8,703

— 0 . 99

1413

11151.41

8.702

-1.00

1414

11160.11

8.700

-1.01

1415

11168.81

8.699

-1.03

1416

11177.51

8.698

-1.04

1417

11186.21

8.697

-1.05

1418

11194.90

8.696

-1.06

1419

11203.60

8.695

-1.07

1420

11212.29

8,694

-1.08

1421

11220.99

8,693

-1.09

1422

11229.68

8, 692

-1.10

1423

11238.37

8.691

-1.11

1424

11247.06

8.690

-1.12

1425

11255.75

8.689

-1.13

1426

11264.44

8.688

-1.14

1427

11273.13

8 ■ 686

-1.15

1428

11281.81

8.685

-1.17

1429

11290.50

8. 684

-1.18

1430

11299.18

8.683

-1.19

1431

11307.86

8,682

-1.20

1432

11316»54

8,680

— 1.21

1433

11325.22

8.679

-1 .22

1434

11333.90

8,678

-1 .23

1435

11342.58

8,677

-1 .24

1436

11351,25

8,676

-1.25

1437

11359,93

8,674

-1.26

1438

11368,60

8,673

-1 .27

1439

11377,28

8.672

-1.28

1440

11385,95

8.670

-1.30

85

Table 4.5.2. Type BDf thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 — thermoelectric voltages, E{T) , Seebeck
coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

s

dS/dT

T

E

s

dS/dT

T

E

s

dS/dT

"C

ttV

uS/'C

nV/»C*

•c

uV
r'

<>c

nV/"C*

11385.95

8,670

-

1,30

1500

11903,45

8.573

-1,95

1560

12413,94

8,437

-2.56

11394.62

8 ,,669

1,31

1501

11912.02

8.571

-1,96

1561

12422,38

8,435

-2.57

1442

11403.29

8 , 668

U32

1502

11920 , 59

8 . 569

-1,97

1562

12430,8 1

8,432

-2 .58

1443

11411.95

8,667

1,33

1503

11929,16

8.567

-1,98

1563

12439,24

8.430

-2.59

1444

11420.62

8,665

1,34

1504

11937,72

8.565

-1,99

1564

12447,67

8.427

-2.60

1445

11429.28

8.664

-

1,35

1505

11946,29

8.563

-2,00

1565

12456,09

8.424

-2.61

1446

11437.95

8.663

. ,36

1506

11954,85

8.561

-2,02

1566

12464,52

8.422

-2.61

1447

11446,61

8.661

L«37

1507

11963.41

8.559

-2,03

1567

12472,94

8.419

-2 .62

1448

11455,27

8.660

1.38

1508

11971.97

8.557

-2,04

1568

12481,35

8.416

-2.63

1449

11463,93

8.658

1.39

1509

11980,53

8.555

-2,05

1569

12489,77

8,414

-2.64

1450

11472,58

8,657

-

1.40

1510

11989.08

8.553

-2,06

1570

12498,18

8,411

-2.65

1451

11481,24

8,656

.42

1511

11997.63

8.551

-2,07

1571

12506,59

8,409

-2.66

1452

11489,90

8,654

1.43

1512

12006. 18

8.549

-2,08

1572

12515,00

8.406

-2.67

1453

11498,55

8,653

:.44

1513

12014.73

8.547

-2,09

1573

12523,40

8.403

-2.68

1454

11507,20

8,651

L.45

1514

12023.27

8.545

-2,10

15 74

12531,81

8.401

-2.68

1455

11515,85

8,650

-

1.46

1515

12031.82

8.543

-2.11

1575

12540,21

8.398

-2.69

1456

11524,50

8,648

1.47

1516

12040.36

8.540

-2,12

1576

12548,60

8.395

-2,70

1457

11533,15

8,647

. .48

1517

12048.90

8. 538

-2,13

1577

12557.00

8.392

-2,71

1458

11541,79

8.645

1.49

1518

12057.44

8.536

-2,14

1578

12565.39

8.390

-2,72

1459

11550,44

8.644

1.50

1519

12065.97

8.534

-2,15

1579

12573.77

8,387

-2.73

1460

1) 559,08

8,642

-

1.51

1520

12074.50

8.532

-2,16

1580

12582.16

8.384

-2.74

1461

11567,72

8.641

—

1.53

1521

12083.04

8.530

-2.17

1581

12590.54

8.382

-2.74

1462

11576.36

8.639

—

1. 54

1522

12091 . 56

8.528

-2, 18

1582

12598.92

8,379

-2.75

1463

11585.00

8.638

-

1.55

1523

12100.09

8.525

-2,19

1583

12607.30

8,376

-2.76

1464

11593.64

8,636

1,56

1524

12108.61

8.523

-2,21

1584

12615.66

8.373

-2.77

1465

11602,28

8,635

-

1,57

1525

12117.14

8.521

-2,22

1585

12624.05

8.370

-2.78

1466

11610.91

8,633

-

1,58

1526

12125.66

8.519

-2,23

1586

12632.42

8.368

-2.78

1467

11619. 54

8 , 631

-

1,59

1527

12134. 17

8.516

-2,24

1587

1 ?6/in - 78

8.365

-2.79

1468

11628,17

8.630

-

1,60

1528

12142.69

8.514

-2,25

1588

12649.15

8,362

-2.80

1469

11636,80

8.628

-

1,61

1529

12151.20

8,512

-2.26

1589

12657.61

8.359

-2.81

1470

11645,43

8,627

-

1,62

1530

12159.71

8.510

-2.27

1590

12665.86

8.356

-2.82

1471

11654,05

8.625

-

1.64

1531

12168.22

8.507

-2.28

1591

12674.22

8.354

-2.82

1472

1 1 6fi? . ft ft

8 . 623

-

1,65

1532

1 2 176 . 73

8.505

— 2,29

1 ?ftR ? - S7

8.351

— 2.83

1473

11671,30

8.622

-

1,66

1533

12185.23

8.503

-2.30

1593

12690,92

8.348

-2.84

1474

11679,92

8,620

—

1,67

1534

12193.73

8.501

-2.31

1594

12699,27

8,345

-2.85

1475

11688,54

8,618

-

1,68

1535

12202.23

8.498

-2,32

1595

12707,61

8,342

-2.85

1476

11697,16

8,617

-

1,69

1536

12210.73

8.496

-2.33

1596

12715,95

8,339

-2.86

1477

11705,77

8,615

-

1,70

1537

12219. 23

8.494

-2 ,34

1597

12724,29

8, 337

-2.87

1478

11714,39

8.613

—

1,71

1538

12227.72

8,491

-2,35

1598

12732,63

8,334

-2.88

1479

11723,00

8.612

1,72

1539

12236.21

8.489

-2.36

1599

12740,96

8,331

-2.88

1480

11731,61

8.610

-

1.73

1540

12244.70

8.487

-2.37

1600

12749,29

8,328

-2.89

1481

11740,22

8.608

—

1.74

1541

12253.18

8.484

-2.38

1601

12757,61

8,325

-2.90

1482

11748,83

8 .606

—

1.76

1542

12261.66

8.482

-2.39

1602

12765,94

8,322

-2.91

1483

11757,43

8.605

—

1.77

1543

12270,14

8.479

-2.40

1603

12774,26

8,319

-2.91

1484

11766,04

8.603

1,78

1544

12278,62

8,477

-2.41

1604

12782,58

8.316

-2.92

1485

11774,64

8.601

-

1,79

1545

12287,10

8,475

-2.42

1605

12790.89

8.313

-2.93

1486

11783,24

8.599

-

1.80

1546

12295,57

8,472

-2.43

1606

12799,20

8.310

-2.93

1487

11791,84

8. 597

—

1,81

1547

12304 . 04

8,470

-2 .44

1607

12807,51

8,308

-2 . 94

1488

11800.43

8.596

—

1,82

1548

12312.51

8,467

-2.45

1608

12815,82

8,305

-2.95

1489

11809.03

8.594

1,83

1549

12320.98

8.465

-2.46

1609

12824,12

8,302

-2.95

1490

11817,62

8.592

-

1,84

1550

12329.44

8.462

-2.47

1610

12832,42

8,299

-2.96

1491

11826,21

8.590

1,85

1551

12337.90

8.460

-2.47

1611

12840,72

8,296

-2.97

1492

11834,80

8, 588

1,86

1552

12346,36

8.457

-2 .48

1612

12849.01

8.293

-2.97

1493

11943,39

8.586

1.88

1553

12354,82

8.455

-2.49

1613

12857.30

8,290

-2.98

1494

11851,98

8,585

1,89

1554

12363.27

8,452

-2,50

1614

12865.59

8.287

-2 .98

1495

11860,56

8,583

1,90

1555

12371,72

8.450

-2.51

1615

12873.88

8.284

-2.99

1496

11869.14

8,581

1.91

1556

12380,17

8,447

-2,52

1616

12882.16

8.281

-3.00

1497

11877,72

8,579

1,92

1557

12388.62

8.445

-2,53

1617

12890.44

8.278

-3.00

1498

11886,30

8,577

1,93

1558

12397.06

8.442

-2,54

1618

12898,72

8.275

-3.01

1499

11894,87

8,57 5

1,94

1559

12405.50

8.440

-2,55

1619

12906,99

8,272

-3.01

1500

11903,45

8,573

1.95

1560

12413.94

8,437

-2,56

1620

12915,26

8.269

-3.02

86

Table 4.5.2. Type BN thermoelements versus platinum, Pt— 67 — thermoelectric voltages, Yj{T) , Seebeck
coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

1

p

c

"C

1620

12915,26

1621

12923.53

1622

12931.79

1623

12940.05

1624

12948.31

1625

12956.57

1626

12964.82

1627

12973.07

1628

12981,31

1629

12989. 56

1630

12997, 80

1631

13006,03

1632

13014,27

1633

13022.50

1634

13030.72

1635

13038.95

1636

13047.17

1637

13055.39

1638

13063.60

1639

13071.82

1640

13080.02

1641

13088,23

1642

13096,43

1643

13104,63

1644

13112,83

1645

13121,02

1646

13129.21

1647

13137.40

1648

13145.58

1649

13153.76

1650

13161.94

1651

13170. 12

1652

13178.29

1653

13186.45

1654

13194.62

1655

13202.78

1656

13210.94

1657

13219.10

1658

13227. 25

1659

13235.40

1660

13243.54

1661

13251.69

1662

13259.83

1663

13267.96

1664

13276.09

1665

13284,22

1666

13292.35

1667

13300.48

1668

1669

13316.71

1670

13324. 83

1671

13332, 94

1672

13341,05

1673

13349,15

1674

13357.25

1675

13365.35

1676

13373.44

1677

13381.54

1678

13389.62

1679

13397.71

1680 13405.79

S dS/dT

8.269
8,266
8,263
8.260
8.257

-3.02
-3.03
-3.03
-3.04
-3.04

8.254
8.251
8.248
8.244
8.241

-3.05
-3.05
-3.06
-3.06
-3.07

8.238
8.235
8.232
8.229
8.226

-3.07
— 3.08
-3.08
-3.09
-3.09

8.223
8.220
8.217
8.214
8.210

-3.10
-3.10
-3.11
-3.11
-3.11

8.207
8.204
8.201
8.198
8.195

-3.12
-3. 12
-3.13
-3.13
-3.13

8.192
8.189
8. 185
8.182
8.179

-3.14
-3. 14
-3.14
-3.15
-3.15

8.176
8. 173
8.170
8.167
8.163

-3.15
-3. 16
-3.16
-3.16
-3.16

8.160
8.157
8.154
8.151
8.148

-3.17
-3. 17
-3.17
-3.17
-3.18

8,144
8. 141
8.138
8.135

8,132

-3.18
-3. 18
-3. 18
-3.18
-3.18

8.128
8.125
8.122
8.119
8.116

-3.19
-3,19
-3,19
-3,19
-3,19

8.112
8,109
8, 106
8,103
8.100

-3, 19
-3, 19
-3,19
-3,19
-3.19

8.097
8.093
8.090
8.087
8.084

-3.19
-3.19
-3.19
-3.19
-3.19

8.081

-3. 19

T E
•C

1680 13405.79

1681 13413.87

1682 13421.95

1683 13430.02

1684 13438.09

1685 13446.16

1686 13454.22

1687 13462.28

1688 13470.33

1689 13478.39

1690 13486.44

1691 13494.49

1692 13502.53

1693 13510.57

1694 13518.61

1695 13526.64

1696 13534.67

1697 13542.70

1698 13550.73

1699 13558.75

1700 13566.77

1701 13574.78

1702 13582.79

1703 13590.80

1704 13598.81

1705 13606.81

1706 13614.81

1707 13622.81

1708 13630.80

1709 13638.79

1710 13646.78

1711 13654.76

1712 13662.74

1713 13670.72

1714 13678.70

1715 13686.67

1716 13694.64

1717 13702.60

1718 13710.57

1719 13718.53

1720 13726.48

1721 13734.44

1722 13742.39

1723 13750.33

1724 13758.28

1725 13766.22

1726 13774.16

1727 13782.09

1728 13790.02

1729 13797.95

1730 13805.88

1731 13813.80

1732 13821.72

1733 13829.64

1734 13837.55

1735 13845.47

1736 13853.37

1737 13861.28

1738 13869.18

1739 13877.08

1740 13884.98

S dS /dT

8.081

-3.19

8 . 0*77

— 3.19

8.074

-3.19

8.071

-3.19

8.068

-3.19

8.065

-3.19

8.061

-3 . 19

8.068

-3.18

8.055

-3.18

8.052

-3.18

8.049

-3.18

0 • 0 *tD

— 3 • 1 8

8.042

-3.18

8.039

-3.17

8.036

-3.17

8.033

-3.17

fl A n
o t U -5 U

— 3.17

8.026

-3.16

8.023

-3.16

8.020

-3.16

8.017

-3.15

8.014

8.011

-3.15

8.008

-3.14

8.004

-3.14

8.001

-3.13

"7 OO Q

— J • 1 .3

7.995

-3.12

7.992

-3,12

7.989

-3,12

7.986

-3.11

7.983

— 3.11

7.979

-3.10

7.976

-3.09

7.973

-3.09

7.970

-3.08

7. 967

— 3 .08

7.964

-3.07

7.961

-3.07

7.958

-3.06

7.955

-3.05

7,952

—3.05

7.949

-3.04

7.946

-3.03

7.943

-3.02

7,940

-3.02

7.937

-3.01

7.934

-3.00

7.931

-2.99

7.928

-2.98

7.925

-2.98

7 . 922

O O "7

7.919

-2.96

7.916

-2.95

7.913

-2.94

7.910

-2.93

7.907

-2.92

7.904

-2.91

7.901

-2.90

7.898

-2.89

7.895

-2.88

T E
"C

1740 13884.98

1741 13892.87

1742 13900.76

1743 13908.65

1744 13916.54

1745 13924.42

1746 13932.30

1747 13940.18

1748 13948.05

1749 13955.92

1750 13963.79

1751 13971.66

1752 13979.52

1753 13987.38

1754 13995.24

1755 14003.09

1756 14010.94

1757 14018.79

1758 14026.64

1759 14034.48

1760 14042.33

1761 14050.17

1762 14058.00

1763 14065.84

1764 14073.67

1765 14081.49

1766 14089.32

1767 14097.14

1768 14104.97

1769 14112.78

1770 14120.60

1771 14128.41

1772 14136.22

1773 14144.03

1774 14151.84

1775 14159.64

1776 14167.44

1777 14175„24

1778 14183.04

1779 14190.83

1780 14198.63

1781 14206.42

1782 14214.20

1783 14221.99

1784 14229.77

1785 14237.55

1786 14245.33

1787 14253.11

1788 14260.88

1789 14268.65

1790 14276.42

1791 14284.19

1792 14291.96

1793 14299.72

1794 14307.48

1795 14315.24

1796 14323.00

1797 14330.76

1798 14338.51

1799 14346.27

1800 14354.02

s

dS /dT

nv/ L

7.895

-2.88

7.893

-2.87

7. 890

-2 .86

7.887

-2.85

7.884

-2.84

7.881

-2.83

7.878

-2.81

7 . 876

-2 . 80

7.873

-2.79

7. 870

-2.78

7.867

-2.76

7.864

-2.75

7.862

-2 .74

7.859

-2.73

7.856

-2.71

7.854

-2.70

7.851

-2.69

7.848

-2 .67

7.845

-2.66

7.843

-2.64

7.840

-2.63

7.838

-2.61

7.835

-2.60

7.832

-2.58

7.830

-2.57

7.827

-2.55

7.825

-2.53

7,822

-2 .52

7.820

-2.50

7.817

-2.46

7.815

-2.47

7.812

-2.45

7.810

-2.43

7.807

-2.41

7.805

-2.40

7.803

-2.38

7.800

-2.36

7. 798

-2.34

7.796

-2.32

7.793

-2.30

7,791

-2.28

7.789

-2.26

7.786

-2.24

7.784

-2.22

7.782

-2.20

7.780

-2. 18

7.778

-2.16

7.775

-2.14

7. 773

-2.12

7.771

-2.09

7.769

-2.07

7,767

-2.05

7,765

-2.03

7,763

-2.00

7,761

-1.98

7,759

-1.96

7.757

-1.93

7.755

-1.91

7.753

-1.88

7.751

-1.86

7.750 -1.83

87

Table 4.5.2. Type BN thermoelements versus platinum, Pt— 6T — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck
coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

•c

1800

14354,02

1801

14361.76

1802

14369.51

1803

14377.26

1804

14385.00

1805

14392.74

1806

14400.48

1807

14408.22

1808

14415.96

1809

14423.69

1810

14431.42

s

dS/dT

nWC'

7.750

-1.83

7. 748

-1.81

7.746

-1.78

7.744

-1 . 76

7.742

-1.73

7.741

-1.70

7.739

-1.68

7.737

-1.65

7.736

-1.62

7.734

-1.59

7.733

-1.57

T E

1810 14431.42

1811 14439.16

1812 14446.89

1813 14454.62

1814 14462.34

1815 14470.07

1816 14477.79

1817 14483.52

1818 14493.24

1819 14500.96

1820 14508.68

s

dS/dT

7.733

-1.57

7.731

-1.54

7.729

-1.51

7.728

-1 .48

7.727

-1.45

7.725

-1.42

7.724

-1.39

7.722

-1.36

7.721

-1.33

7.720

-1.30

7.718

-1.27

T E

1820 14508.68

S dS /dT
7.718 -1.27

88

Table 4.5.3. Thermoelectric values at the fixed points for Type BN thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67

Fixed point

Temp.

E

S

dS/dT

°C

mV/°C

nV/°C

Ice point

0

000

0

00

5

066

19.58

Ether TP

26

870

142

80

5

548

16.38

Water BP

100

000

585

84

6

488

9.80

Benzoic TP

122

370

733

30

6

690

8.31

Indium FP

156

634

967

03

6

941

6,41

Tin FP

231

9681

1505

03

7

306

3.54

Bismuth FP

271

442

1795

90

7

426

2.59

Cadmium FP

321

108

2167

53

7

533

1 .79

Lead FP

327

502

2215

73

7

544

1 .71

Mercury BP

356

660

2436

38

7

589

1 .42

Zinc FP

419

580

2916

45

7

667

1 .08

Sulphur BP

444

674

3109

17

7

693

1.02

Cu-Al FP

548

23

3911

23

7

798

1 .06

Antimony FP

630

74

4558

46

7

893

1 . 24

Aluminum FP

660

37

4792

87

7

931

1 .31

Silver FP

961

93

7251

97

8

394

1 .60

Gold FP

1064

43

8120

48

8

549

1 .40

Copper FP

1084

5

8292

34

8

577

1 .34

Nickel FP

1455

11515

85

8

650

-1.46

Cobalt FP

1494

11851

98

8

585

— 1 .89

Palladium FP

1554

12363

27

8

452

-2.50

Platinum FP

1772

14136

22

7

810

-2.43

Table 4.5.4. Estimated maximum errors that occur when using reduced-bit arithmetic for the power series
expansion for the thermoelectric voltage of Type BN thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67

Temperature range

Degree

Estimated maximum error in microvolts

12 Bit

16 Bit

24 Bit

27 Bit

36 Bit

0 to 200 °C

8

0.3

<0.1

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

200 to 400 °C

8

0.6

0.1

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

400 to 600 °C

8

0.9

0. '

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

600 to 800 °C

8

2

0.1

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

800 to 1000 °C

8

4

0.5

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

1000 to 1200 °C

8

9

2

0.02

<0.01

<0.01

1200 to 1400 °C

8

20

4

0.03

<0.01

<0.01

1400 to 1600 °C

8

50

7

0.07

<0.01

<0.01

1600 to 1820 C

8

100

14

0.2

0.02

<0.01

89

5. TYPE E — A^ic&e/— Chromium Alloy Versus Copper— Nickel

Alloy Thermocouples

5.1. Material Specifications and Precautions

This type, and the other base-metal types, do not
have specific chemical compositions given in stand-
ards; rather, any material that fits the specified table
within certain limits (see the end of this section) can
be considered to be a Type E thermocouple. The posi-
tive thermoelement, EP, is the same material as KP.
The negative thermoelement, EN, is the same material
as TN. Their nominal chemical compositions are given
in chapters 7 and 8, respectively.

The Type E thermocouple, as a combination of two
specific thermoelements, does not have a well-docu-
mented history. The first officially recognized refer-
ence tables that we are aware of were those calculated
by Shenker et al. [1955] in NBS Circular 561. They
based their tables upon a combination of data for KP
versus platinum and platinum versus TN, where the
primary data were taken from earlier NBS Research
Papers.

Extensive research on the subzero properties of
Type E thermocouples has been carried out by mem-
bers of the Cryogenics Division in Boulder. That re-
search has been summarized and tabulated by Sparks
et al. [1972] in NBS Monograph 124. They showed
that Type E thermocouples are very useful down to
about liquid hydrogen temperatures (n.b.p. 20.28 K)
where their Seebeck coefficient is about 8 /xV/°C.
They may even be used down to liquid helium tem-
peratures (4.2 K) though their Seebeck coefficient
becomes quite low at 4 K, only about 2 ;aV/°C. Both
thermoelements of Type E thermocouples have a rela-
tively low thermal conductivity, good resistance to
corrosion in moist atmospheres, and reasonably good
homogeneity. Because of these three reasons, and their
relatively high Seebeck coefficients, Type E thermo-
couples have been recommended by Sparks et al.
[1972] to be the most useful of the commercially
standardized thermocouple combinations for subzero
temperature measurements.

For operation below 20 K the nonstandardized com-
bination KP versus gold-0.07 at% iron is recom-
mended. The properties of this combination have been
described by Sparks et al. [1972a].

Type E thermocouples also have the largest Seebeck
coefficient above 0 °C of any of the standardized
thermocouples. For that reason they are being used
more often whenever environmental conditions permit.

Type E thermocouples are recommended by the
ASTM Manual [1970] for use in the temperature
range from — 250 to 871 °C in oxidizing or inert
atmospheres. The negative thermoelement is subject
to deterioration above about 871 °C, but the thermo-
couple mav be used up to 1000 °C for short periods.
The ASTM Manual [1970] indicates the following
restrictions on the use of Type E thermocouples at
high temperatures:

They should not be used in sulfurous, reducing,
or alternately reducing and oxidizing atmospheres

unless suitably protected with protecting tubes. They
should not be used in vacuum (at high temperatures)
for extended times because the chromium in the posi-
tive thermoelement vaporizes out of solution and alters
the calibration. They should also not be used in at-
mospheres that promote "green-rot" corrosion ( those
with low, but not negligible, oxygen content).

The negative thermoelement, a copper-nickel alloy,
is subject to composition changes under thermal neu-
tron irradiation since the copper is converted to nickel
and zinc.

Neither thermoelement of Type E thermocouples is
very sensitive to minor changes in composition or im-
purity level because both are already heavily alloyed.
Similarly they are also not extremely sensitive to minor
differences in heat treatment (provided that the treat-
ment does not violate any of the restrictions mentioned
above). For most general applications they may be
used with the heat treatment given by the wire manu-
facturers. However, when the highest accuracy is
sought, additional preparatory heat treatments may be
desirable in order to enhance their performance. De-
tails on this and other phases of the use and behavior
of Type KP thermoelements (EP is the same as KP)
are given in publications by Potts and McElroy
[1962], and N. A. Burley [1969 and 1972].

ASTM Standard E230-72 in the Annual Book of
ASTM Standards [1972] specifies that the standard
limits of error for Type E commercial thermocouples
be ± 1.7 °C between 0 and 316 °C and ± 1/2 percent
between 316 and 871 °C. Limits of error are not
specified for Type E thermocouples below 0 °C. Type
E thermocouples can also be supplied to meet special
limits of error, which are less than the standard limits
of error given above: ± 1^/4 °C between 0 and 316 °C
and ± % percent between 316 and 871 °C. The
recommended upper temperature limit for protected
thermocouples, 871 °C, applies to AWG 8 (3.3 mm)
wire. For smaller wires the recommended upper tem-
perature decreases to 649 °C for AWG 14 (1.6 mm),
538 °C for AWG 20 (0.8 mm), and 427 °C for AWG
24 or 28 (0.5 or 0.3 mm).

5.2 Data Analyses and Comparisons

The fitting functions for Type E thermocouples are
based on two sets of data: below 0 °C, the research
and equations of Sparks et al. [1972] were used di-
rectly; above 0 °C, values from NBS Circular 561
[1955] were used after being modified to be on the
IPTS-68.

Sparks et al. [1972] based their recommended low
temperature values for the positive thermoelement,
EP or KP, on a selected wire that was most repre-
sentative of three calibrated wires selected from nine
spools made by three different manufacturers. Simi-
larly, the negative thermoelement, EN or TN, repre-
sented the best wire from three calibrated wires taken
from ten spools supplied by four different manufac-

90

turers. The wires for both positive and negative
thermoelements were selected after completion of care-
ful spot calibration and inhomogeneity tests as de-
scribed in Monograph 124. Values for the single
thermoelements are given versus platinum, Pt-67.
Thermoelectric values for both thermoelements and the
combination were relatively difficult to fit precisely.
Values for the positive thermoelement required a 12th
degree power series to fit 68 points between about
— 270 and 0 °C with an imprecision of 0.12 fiY; the
negative thermoelement required a 13th degree power
series to give 0.12 /xV; and the combination (fit inde-
pendentlj), 13th degree for the same imprecision. In
Monograph 124 the two thermoelements and the total
combination were fit independently; for this Mono-
graph equations for the total combination and for the
positive thermoelement were used directly but the
equation for the negative thermoelement was obtained
by subtraction, symbolically, EN = E-EP. Therefore,
the equation for TN (= EN) given in this Monograph
will differ very slightly from the °C transformation of
the one given in Monograph 124. The difference in
calculated values will usually be less than the impre-
cision of the fits, 0.12 /xV.

The data on Type E thermocouples were much more
sparse above 0 °C than they were below. In particular
there were insufficient data on current Type EN mate-
rial. Data points for Type E were selected from NBS
Circular 561, adjusted to the present temperature
scale, IPTS-68, and fit with a constrained power series.
The power series was constrained to have the same

values for the thermoelectric voltage and Seebeck co-
efficient at 0 °C as those obtained from the low tem-
perature equations. A ninth degree equation (with
constrained constant and linear term) fit 21 selected
key data points between 0 and 1001 °C with an im-
precision of 4.4 /xV. Note that this is about 35 times
poorer than the low temperature fit. The second de-
rivative was not constrained at the join.

Fortunately, there was a large am_ount of good data
for the positive thermoelement, EP or KP. The fit was
based on 93 data points from three thermoelement
caHbrations (selected from a set of 13 caHbrations)
provided by the Temperature Section of the National
Bureau of Standards and from a set of selected values
in a widely distributed, but unpublished, NBS thermo-
element table [Burns, 1967]. All of the high tempera-
ture values had to be adjusted to be on the IPTS-68
and to be referenced to Pt-67. A seventh degree
equation, with the constant and linear terms con-
strained to match the low temperature values, had a
fitting imprecision of 6.0 fxY for a range from 0 to
1371 °C.

The tables and graphs for the two thermoelements,
EP, and EN, are given in different chapters. Values
for EP, identical with KP, are given in chapter 7;
for EN, identical with TN, in chapter 8.

The values for the thermoelectric voltages of Type E
thermocouples given in this Monograph were com-
pared to those given by Shenker et al. [1955] in NBS
Circular 561. The deviations are shown in figure
5.2.1. The values from NBS Circular 561 were ad-

-200

200 400 600

TEMPERATURE, °C

800

1000

Figure 5.2.1. Differences in thermoelectric voltages for Type E thermocouples — comparison of
of values given in this Monograph to those given in NBS Circular 561.

The width of the shaded curve indicates the round-off uncertainty in the previous tabular values. Values from the
previous publication are adjusted to the IPTS— 68. The dashed lines indicate a deviation of V2 °C.

91

justed to the IPTS-68. Above 0 °C, the deviations
between the values in this Monograph and those in
NBS Circular 561 are caused primarily by the dif-
ferences in fitting techniques. Below 0 °C, the devia-
tions are caused primarily by chemical composition
changes in the thermoelements. Present day materials
are slightly different in some of the minor additives.
The width of the curve represents the round-off un-
certainty (10 fjiV) in the tabular values quoted in the
previous tables.

5.3. Reference Functions and Tables for
Type E Thermocouples

The coefficients for the thirteenth degree expansion
for the thermoelectric voltage of Type E thermocouples
below 0 °C are given in table 5.3.1. The coefficients
for the ninth degree expansion above 0 °C are also
given in table 5.3.1. The errors caused by reduced-bit
arithmetic for calculating values of the functions are
given in table 5.3.4.

The primary reference values for Type E thermo-
couples are given in table 5.3.2. Values at selected
fixed points are given in table 5.3.3. Graphs of the
thermoelectric voltage, its first derivative (Seebeck
coefficient) and second derivative are given in figures
5.3.1, 5.3.2, and 5.3.3, respectively. The irregular dip
in the second derivative near 0 °C is a result of the
fitting techniques at the join of two regions, it is not
a real physical phenomenon.

It should be stressed that Type E thermocouple
materials that conform closely to the high tem-
perature tabular values may not necessarily con-
form closely at low temperatures (below 0 °C)
and vice versa. If Type E thermocouples are to be
used for accurate measurements both above and below
0 °C, then the material must be calibrated in the full
temperature range, both above and below °C. Special
selection of material will usually be required.

TEMPERATURE °C

Figure 5.3.2. Seebeck coefficient for Type E thermocouples.

The circles indicate values at various thermometric fixed points on the
IPTS-68.

0.55

0 04 08

TEMPERATURE °C

I 2x10

Figure 5.3.1. Thermoelectric voltage for Type E thermo-
couples.

The circles indicate values at various thermometric fixed points on the
IPTS-68.

04 0.8
TEMPERATURE °C

1.2x10

Figure 5.3.3. Second derivative of thermoelectric voltage for
Type E thermocouples.

The circles indicate values at various thermometric fixed points on the
IPTS-68. The irregular dip near 0 °C is a result of the fitting techniques
at the join of two regions, it is not a real physical phenomenon.

92

Table 5.3.1. Power series expansion for the
thermoelectric voltage of Type E thermocouples

Tempera-

ture

range

Degree

Coefficients

Term

— 270 to

13

5

A

101

T

0 °C

5

^f>f\'7'^^ 77C\K
lUO t D 1 I t yjD

\y
A

10-2

— 4

A

10"*

-1

7346270905

X

10-^

Ji

— 4

8719368427

X

10-'

Ji

-8

8896550447

X

10-'

— 1

0930767375

X

10-"

77

-9

1784535039

X

10-"

J'S

-5

2575158521

X

10-15

7'9

-2

0169601996

X

10-"

yio

-4

9502138782

X

10-20

J'll

-7

0177980633

X

10-23

2^12

-4

3671808488

X

10-26

j'n

0 to 1000

9

5.8695857799 X 10^

T

°C

4.3110945462 X 10"^

f2

5

7220358202

X

10-6

-5

4020668085

X

10-'

T*

1

5425922111

X

io-»

Ti

-2.4850089136 X lO-i^

2.3389721459 X lO'"

-1

1946296815 X lO-'^

2.5561127497 X 10""

f9

9S

Table 5.3.2. Type E thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions atO °C

T E

"C /iV

-270 -9835.03

-269 -9833.22

-268 -9830.93

-267 -9828.16

-266 -9824.93

-265 -9821.27

-264 -9817.17

-263 -9812.65

-262 -9807,72

-261 -9802.39

-260 -9796.66

-259 -9790.54

-258 -9784.04

-257 -9777.15

-256 -9769.89

-255 -9762.25

-254 -9754.25

-253 -9745.87

-252 -9737.13

-251 -9728.02

-250 -9718.55

-249 -9708.71

-248 -9698.52

-247 -9687.96

-246 -9677.05

-245 -9665.78

-244 -9654.16

-243 -9642.18

-242 -9629.85

-241 -9617.18

-240 -9604,15

S dS/dT

fiSZ/'C nVZ-C^

1.549 514.24

2.052 492.52

2.535 473.56

3.000 457.05

3.450 442.72

3.886 430.32

4.311 419.62

4.726 410.41

5.132 402,52

5.531 395.77

5.924 390.00

6.311 385,07

6.694 380.87

7.073 377.27

7.449 374.19

7,822 371,52

8.192 369,20

8,560 367.15

8.927 365.31

9.291 363.63

9.654 362.06

10.015 360.56

10.375 359.10

1C.733 357.65

11.090 356.19

11.446 354.69

11,800 353.15

12.152 351,54

12,503 349,86

12,852 348,11

13.199 346.27

T E

-240 -9604.15

-239 -9590.78

-238 -9577.06

-237 -9563.00

-236 -9548.61

-235 -9533.87

-234 -9518.80

-233 -9503.39

-232 -9487.65

-231 -9471.59

-230 -9455.19

-229 -9438.48

-228 -9421,44

-227 -9404,09

-226 -9386,41

-225 -9368,43

-224 -9350,13

-223 -9331,53

-222 -9312,62

-221 -9293,41

-220 -9273.90

-219 -9254,09

-218 -9233.99

-217 -9213.59

-216 -9192.91

-215 -9171.94

-214 -9150.68

-213 -9129.14

-212 -9107.32

-211 -9085.23

-210 -9062.86

S dS/dT

13.199 346.27

13.544 344.35

13.888 342.35

14.229 340.26
14.568 338.10

14,905 335,86

15,240 333,55

15,572 331,18

15,902 328,74

16.230 326,25

16,555 323,72

16,877 321,14

17,197 318.53

17.514 315.90

17.829 313.24

18,141 310,58

18,450 307,91

18.756 305.23

19.060 302,57

19.362 299.92

19.660 297.28

19.956 294.67
20.250 292.08
20.540 289,53
20,829 287.01

21.114 284.53

21,398 282,09

21.679 279.69

21.957 277.34
22.233 275.04

22.507 272,79

T

E

"C

IxM

-210

-9062,86

-209

-9040.21

-208

-9017.30

-207

-8994. 12

-206

-8970.67

-205

-8946.96

-204

-8922.98

-203

-8898,75

-202

-8874,25

-201

-8849.50

-200

-8824.50

-199

-8799.24

-198

-8773.73

-197

-8747 . 97

-196

-8721.96

-195

-8695.70

-194

-8669,20

-193

-8642,46

-192

-861 5 ,47

-191

-8588,25

-190

-8560.78

-189

-8533.08

-188

-8505.14

-187

-8476. 96

-186

-8448.65

-185

-8419,90

-184

-8391,03

-183

-8361,92

-182

-8332,59

-181

-8303,02

-180

-8273,23

S dS/dT

/iV/°C nV/°C^

22,507 272,79

22,779 270,59

23.048 268.44

23.316 266.35

23.581 264.30

23.844 262.31

24.106 260.37

24.365 258.49

24.623 256.65

24.878 254.87

25.132 253.13

25.385 251.44

25.635 249.80

25.884 248.20

26.132 246.64

26.378 245.13

26.622 243.65

26.865 242.22

27.106 240.82

27,347 239.45

27.585 238.12

27.823 236.81

28.059 235.54

28.294 234.29

28.528 233,06

28,760 231,86

28,991 230.69

29.221 229,53

29,450 228,39

29,678 227.27

29,905 226.16

94

Table 5.3.2. Type E thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C— Continued

T E

180 -8273,23

179 -8243.21

178 -8212.97

177 -8182.50

176 -8151.81

175 -8120.90

174 -8089.77

173 -8058.42

172 -8026.85

171 -7995.06

170 -7963.05

169 -7930.83

168 -7898.39

167 -7865.74

166 -7832.88

165 -7799.81

164 -7766.52

163 -7733.03

162 -7699.32

161 -7665.41

160 -7631.29

159 -7596.97

158 -7562.44

157 -7527.70

156 -7492.77

155 -7457.63

154 -7422.29

153 -7386.75

152 -7351.00

151 -7315.06

150 -7278.93

149 -7242.59

148 -7206.06

147 -7169.34

146 -7132.42

145 -7095.30

144 -7058.00

143 -7020.50

142 -6982.81

141 -6944.93

140 -6906.86

139 -6868.60

138 -6830.15

137 -6791.52

136 -6752.70

135 -6713.70

134 -6674.50

133 -6635.13

132 -6595.57

131 -6555.83

130 -6515.91

129 -6475.80

128 -6435.52

127 -6395.05

126 -6354.40

125 -6313.58

124 -6272.58

123 -6231.40

122 -6190.04

121 -6148.51

120 -6106.80

S dS/dT

^V/'C nV/oC^

29.905 226.16

30.131 225.07

30.355 223.99

30.579 222.92

30.801 221.87

31.022 220.82

31.243 219.79

31.462 218.76

31.680 217.74

31.897 216.73

32.114 215.73

32.329 214.73

32.543 213.74

32.756 212.75

32.969 211.78

33.180 210.80

33.390 209.84

33.600 208.87

33.808 207.92

34.015 206.97

34.222 206.02

34.427 205.09

34.632 204.15

34.836 203.23

35.038 202.31

35.240 201.40

35.441 200.50

35.641 199.60

35.840 198.71

36.039 197.83

36.236 196.96

36.433 196.10

36.628 195.24

36.823 194,40

37.017 193.56

37.210 192.74

37.403 191.92

37.594 191.11

37.785 190.32

37.975 189.53

38.164 188.75

38.352 187.99

38.540 187.23

38.727 186.48

38.913 185.75

39.098 185.02

39.283 184.30

39.467 183.59

39.650 182.89

39.833 182.20

40.014 181.52

40.196 180.85

40.376 180.18

40.556 179.52

40.735 178.87

40.914 178.22
41.092 177.58
41.269 176.95
41.446 176.32
41.622 175.70

41.797 175.08

J

"C

120

-6106.80

119

-6064.91

118

-6022.85

117

-5980.62

116

-5938.21

115

-5895.64

114

-5852.88

113

-5809.96

112

-5766.87

111

-5723.61

110

-5680.17

109

-5636.57

108

-5592 . 80

107

-5548.86

106

-5504.76

105

-5460 .49

104

-5416.05

103

-5371 .45

102

-5326.68

101

-5281.74

loo

-5236. 65

-99

-5191.39

—98

-5145.97

-97

-5100.39

-96

-5054.64

-95

-5008. 74

-94

-4962 .67

-93

-4916.45

-92

-4870.07

-91

-4823.53

-90

-4776.83

-89

-4729.97

-88

-4682 . 96

-87

-4635.80

-86

-4588.48

-85

-4541.00

-84

-4493,37

-83

-4445. 59

-82

-4397.65

-81

-4349.57

-80

-4301.33

-79

-4252.94

-78

-4204.40

-77

-4155.72

-76

-4106.88

-75

-4057.90

-74

-4008.77

-73

-3959.49

-72

-3910.06

-71

-3860.49

-70

-3810 . 78

-69

-3760 . 92

-68

-3710.91

-67

-3660 . 76

-66

-3610.47

-65

-3560.04

-64

-3509.46

-63

-3458.75

-62

-3407.89

-61

-3356. 99

-60 -3305.75

S dS/dT

fi.W°C nV/°C^

41.797 175.08

41.972 174.47

42.146 173.85

42.319 173.24

42.492 172.64

42.665 172.03

42.836 171.43

43.008 170.83

43.178 170.23

43.348 169.63

43.517 169.03

43.686 168.43

43.854 167.83

44.022 167.23

44.189 166.63

44.355 166.02

44.521 165.42

44.686 164.81

44.850 164.20

45.014 163.59

45.178 162.98

45.340 162.36

45.502 161.75

45.664 161.13

45.825 160.51

45.985 159.89

46.144 159.26

46.303 158.64

46.462 158,02
46.619 157,39

46.776 156.76

46.933 156.14

47.089 155,51

47,244 154,89

47.398 154.26

47.552 153.64

47.706 153.01

47.858 152.39

48.010 151.77

48.162 151.16

48.313 150.54

48.463 149.93
48.613 149.33
48.762 148.72
48.910 148.12

49.058 147.53

49.205 146.94

49.352 146.35

49.498 145.77

49.643 145.20

49.788 144.63

49.933 144.06

5o.o76 143,50

50.220 142.95

60.362 142.40

50.504 141.86

50.646 141.32

50.787 140.79

50.928 140.26

51.068 139.74

51.207 139.22

J

"C

-60

-3305.75

-59

-3254.48

-58

-3203.06

-57

-3151.51

-56

-3099.82

-55

-3047.99

-54

-2996.02

-53

-2943 . 92

-52

-2891.69

-51

-2839.31

-50

-2786.81

-49

-2734. 17

-48

-2681 .39

-47

-2628.48

-46

-2575.44

-45

-2522.27

-44

-2468 .97

—43

—241 5.53

-42

-2361.96

-41

-2308.27

-40

— 22 54 ,44

-39

-2200 .48

— 38

—2146.40

-37

-2092.18

-36

-2037.84

-35

—1983 . 37

-34

-1928 . 78

-33

-1874.05

-32

-1819.20

-31

-1764.23

-30

-1709. 13

-29

-1653.91

-28

-1598. 56

-27

-1543.09

-26

-1487.49

-25

-1431.77

-24

-1375.93

-23

-1319.97

-22

-1263 .88

-21

-1207.67

-20

-1151.34

-19

-1094.90

-18

-1038.33

-17

-981.64

-16

-924.83

-15

-867,90

-14

-810.85

-13

-753.68

-12

-696.40

-11

-639.00

-10

-581.48

-9

-523.84

-8

-466.09

-7

-408.22

-6

-350.24

-5

-292.14

-4

-233.93

-3

-175.61

-2

-117.18

-1

-58.64

0 0.00

S dS/dT

51.207 139.22

51.346 138.70

51.484 138.19

51.622 137.69

51.760 137.18

51.897 136.68

52.033 136.19

52.169 135.69

52.305 135.20

52.440 134.71

52.574 134.22

52.708 133.73

52.841 133.24

52.974 132.76

53,107 132.27

53.239 131.79

53.371 131.30

53.502 130.82

53.632 130.33

53.762 129.85

53.892 129.37

54.021 128.89

54.150 128.41

54.278 127.94

54,406 127.46

54.533 126.99
54.660 126.53
54,786 126.06
54.912 125.61
55.037 125.16

55.162 124.71

55.286 124.28

55.411 123.85

55.534 123.43
55.657 123.03

55.780 122.63

55.903 122.24

56.025 121.86

56.146 121.49

56.268 121.13

56.389 120.78

56.509 120.43

56.630 120.09

56.749 119.74

56.869 119.39

56.988 119.03

57,107 118,66

57.226 118.26

57.344 117.82

57.461 117.34

57.578 116.80

57.695 116.19
57.811 115.48
57,926 114,66
58,040 113,71

58,153 112.59

58,265 111.28

58.375 109.74

58,484 107.93

58.591 105.82

58.696 86.22

95

Table 5.3,2. Type E thermocouples— thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
deriative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

J

'C

0

0.0

1

58.7

2

117.6

3

176.5

A

235.5

5

294.6

6

353.7

7

413.0

8

472.4

9

531.8

10

591.3

11

650.9

12

710,6

13

770.4

14

830.3

15

890.3

16

950.4

17

1010.5

18

1070,8

19

1131.1

20

1191,5

21

1252.1

22

1312.7

2 3

13 73.4

24

1434.2

25

1495 ,0

26

1556,0

27

1617. 1

28

1678.2

29

1739.5

30

1800.8

31

1862.2

32

1923,8

33

1985.4

34

2047.1

35

2108,9

36

2170.8

37

2232.8

38

2294,8

39

2357,0

40

2419,2

41

2481,6

42

2544,0

43

2606.5

44

2669.2

45

2731,9

46

2794,7

47

2857,6

48

2920,6

49

2983,6

50

3046. 8

51

3110,0

52

3173.4

53

3236.8

54

3300.4

55

3364.0

56

3427.7

57

3491.5

58

3555.4

59

3619.3

60 3683.4

S dS/dT

58.696 86.22

58.782 86.56

58.869 86,88

58.956 87.19

59.043 87.49

59.131 37.78

59.219 88.06

59.307 88.32

59.396 88.57

59.484 88.81

59.573 89.04

59.662 89.25

59.752 89.46

59.841 89,66
59.931 89.84

60.021 90,01

60.111 90.18

60.201 90,33

60.292 90.47
60.382 90.61

60.473 90.73

60.564 90.84

60.655 90.95

60.746 91,04

60.837 91,13

60,928 91.21

61.019 91.28
61.110 91.33

61.202 91.39

61.293 91,43

61.385 91.46

61.476 91.49

61.568 91.51

61.659 91,52

61,751 91,52

61.842 91,51
61,934 91,50
62.025 91,48
62.117 91,45
62.208 91,42

62.299 91,38
62.391 91.33
62.482 91.27
62.573 91.21
62.664 91.14

62.756 91.07

62.847 90,99

62,938 90.90

63.028 90.81

63.119 90.71

63.210 90.60

63.300 90.49
63.391 90.37
63.481 90,25
63,571 90,13

63.661 89.99

63.751 89.86

63.841 89.71

63.931 89.57

64.020 89.41

64.110 89.26

J

c

'C

60

3683.4

61

3747.6

62

3811,8

63

3876, 1

64

3940. 5

65

4005. 1

66

4069.7

67

4134.3

68

4199. 1

69

4264.0

70

4328.9

71

4394. 0

72

4459. 1

73

4524. 3

74

4589.6

75

4655,0

76

4720. 5

77

4786.0

78

485 1 . 7

79

4917.4

80

4983.2

81

5049. 1

82

5115.1

8 3

5181.2

84

5247.3

85

5313.5

86

5379.9

87

5446.3

8 8

5512.8

89

5579.3

90

5646.0

91

5712.7

92

5779,6

93

5846.5

94

5913.4

95

5980.5

96

6047.7

97

6114.9

98

6182.2

99

6249.6

100 6317.1

101 6384.6

102 6452.2

103 6520.0

104 6587.7

105 6655.6

106 6723,6

107 6791.6

108 6859.7

109 6927.9

110 6996.1

111 7064.5

112 7132.9

113 7201.4

114 7269.9

115 7338.6

116 7407.3

117 7476.1

118 7545.0

119 7613.9

120 7682.9

S dS/dT

/iV/'C nV/°C^

64.110 89.26

64.199 89.09

64,288 88.93

64.377 88.76

64.465 88.58

64.554 88.40

64,642 88,22

64.730 88.03

64.818 87.84

64.906 87.64

64.993 87.44

65.081 87.24

65.168 87.03

65.255 86.82

65.341 86.60

65.428 86.39

65.514 86.16

65.600 85.94

65.686 85.71

65.772 85.48

65.857 85.25

65.942 85.01

66.027 84.77

66.112 84.53

66.196 84.28

66.280 84.03

66.364 83.78

66.448 83.53

66.531 83.28

66.614 83.02

66.697 82.76

66.780 82.50

66,862 82.23

66.944 81.96

67.026 81.70

67,108 81.42

67.189 81.15

67,270 80,88

67.351 80.60

67,431 80.32

67.511 80.04

67.591 79.76

67.671 79.48

67.750 79.19

67.829 78.91

67.908 78.62

67.987 78.33

68.065 78.04

68.143 77.75

68.220 77.46

68.298 77.17

68.375 76.87

68.451 76.58

68.528 76,28

68.604 75,98

68,680 75,68

68.755 75.38

68.831 75.08

68.905 74.78

68.980 74.48

69.054 74.18

1

1—

t.

"C

uV
r- '

120

7682.9

121

7752.0

122

7821.2

123

7890.4

124

7959.7

125

8029. 1

126

8098.6

127

8168.1

128

8237.7

129

8307.4

130

8377.1

131

8446.9

132

8516.8

133

8586.8

134

8656.8

135

8726.9

136

8797.1

137

8867.3

138

8937 . 6

139

9008.0

140

9078.4

141

9148.9

142

9219.5

143

9290 , 2

144

9360,9

145

9431.7

146

9502.5

147

9573.4

148

9644 . 4

149

9715.4

150

9786.5

151

9857.7

152

9929.0

153

10000 . 3

154

1007X.6

155

10143. 1

156

10214.6

157

10286, 1

168

10357, 7

159

10429.4

160

10501.2

161

10573.0

162

10644.8

163

10716.8

164

10788.8

165

10860.8

166

10932.9

167

11005.1

168

1 1077. 3

169

11149.6

170

11222.0

171

11294.4

172

11366.9

173

11439.4

174

11512.0

175

11584.6

176

11657.3

177

11730.1

178

11802.9

179

11875.8

180 11948.7

S dS/dT

69.054 74.18

69.128 73.87

69.202 73.57

69.276 73.27

69.349 72.96

69.421 72.66

69.494 72.35

69.566 72.05

69.638 71.74

69.710 71.43

69.781 71.13

69.852 70.82

69.923 70.51

69.993 70.20

70.063 69.90

70.133 69.59

70.202 69.28
70.271 68.97
70.340 68.66
70.409 68.36

70.477 68.05

70.545 67.74

70.612 67.43

70.680 67.12

70.747 66.82

70.813 66.51

70.880 66.20

70.946 65.90

71.011 65.59

71.077 65.28

71.142 64.98
71.207 64.67
71.271 64.37
71.335 64.06
71.399 63.76

71.463 63.45

71,526 63.15

71.589 62.85

71.652 62.55

71.714 62.24

71.776 61.94

71.838 61.64

71.900 61.34

71.961 61.04

72.022 60.74

72.082 60.44

72.143 60.15

72.203 59.85
72.262 59.55
72.322 59.26

72.381 58.96

72.440 58.67

72.498 58.37

72.557 58.08

72.614 57.79

72.672 57.50

72.729 57.21

72.787 56.92

72.843 56.63

72.900 56.34

72.956 56.06

96

Table 5.3.2. Type E thermocouples— thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seeheck coefficients, S(T), and first
deriative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C— -Continued

T

E

"C

1 ft ri
i O U

1 1 948 • 7

181

1 o ^

1 2094 • 7

183

12167.8

184

12241.0

18 5

1 7 -2 1 A 7

186

12387.4

187

12460 . 7

188

12534.1

189

12607.5

190

12681.0

191

12754. 5

192

12828.1

193

12901.7

194

12976.4

195

13049.2

196

13123.0

197

13196 . 8

198

13270.7

199

13344.6

200

13418.6

201

13492 . 7

202

13566. 8

203

13640.9

204

13715. 1

205

13789.4

206

13863. 7

207

13938 ,0

208

14012.4

209

14086.8

210

14161.3

211

14235 . 9

212

143 10.5

213

14385. 1

214

14459.8

<l 1

1 AC, ■2/. C,

216

14609 • 3

217

14684 • 1

218

14758,9

219

14833.9

7 7 n

1 4 Qn ft R
J. *+ 7 u o . o

221

14983 . 8

222

15058.9

223

15134.0

224

15209.1

2 2 5

15284.3

226

15359,5

227

15434,8

228

15510.1

229

15585.4

230

15660.8

231

15736.3

232

15811.8

233

15887.3

234

15962.9

235

16038.5

236

16114.1

237

16189.8

238

16265.6

239

16341.3

240 16417.2

S dS/dT

72.956 56.06

73.012 55.77

73.068 55,48
73.123 55.20
73.178 54.92

73.233 54.63

73.287 54.35

73.341 54.07

73.395 53.79

73.449 53.51

73.502 53.24

73.555 52.96

73.608 52.68

73.661 52.41

73.713 52.13

73.765 51.86

73.817 51.59

73.868 51.32

73.919 51.05

73.970 50.78

74.021 50.51

74.071 50.24

74.121 49.98

74.171 49.71

74.221 49,45

74.270 49,19

74.319 48.93

74,368 48.67

74.417 48.41

74.465 48.15

74,513 47,89

74.561 47,63

74.608 47.38

74.655 47,12

74.702 46.87

74.749 46,62

74.796 46,37

74.842 46.12

74.888 45.87

74.934 45.62

74.979 45.37

75.024 45,13

75.069 44.88
75.114 44,64
75,159 44.40

75.203 44.16

75.247 43.92

75.291 43.68

75.334 43.44

75.378 43.20

75.421 42.97

75.464 42.73

75.506 42.50

75.549 42.27

75.591 42.03

75.633 41.80

75.674 41.57

75.716 41.35

75.757 41.12

75.798 40.89

75.839 40.67

T

E

"C

2 40

1 64 17.2

241

16493 . 0

242

16568.9

243

16644.9

244

16720.8

245

16796 . 8

246

16872 . 9

247

16949.0

248

17025. 1

249

17101.3

250

17177. 5

251

17253 . 8

252

17330, 1

253

17406.4

254

17482.8

255

17559. 2

256

17635.6

257

17712. 1

258

17788.6

259

17865.2

260

17941 . 8

261

18018.4

262

18095 . 1

263

18171.8

264

18248.5

265

18325.3

266

18402. 1

267

18478,9

268

18555.8

269

18632.7

270

18709.6

271

18786 . 6

272

18863 . 6

273

18940.7

274

19017.8

275

19094 . 9

276

19172,0

277

1 9249 . 2

278

19326,4

279

19403.7

280

1 9480 . 9

281

19558.3

282

19635 . 6

283

19713.0

284

19790.4

285

19867 . 8

286

19945.3

287

20022.8

288

20100.3

289

20177.9

290

20255.5

291

20333.1

292

20410.8

293

20488. 5

294

20566.2

295

20643.9

296

20721.7

297

20799.5

298

20877.4

299

20955.2

300 21033,1

S dS/dT

/lV/°C nV/'C^

75.839 40.67

75.879 40.44

75,920 40.22

75.960 40.00

76.000 39.78

76.039 39.56

76.079 39.34

76.118 39.12

76.157 38.90

76.196 38.69

76.234 38.47

76.273 38.26

76.311 38.04

76.349 37.83

76.387 37.62

76.424 37.41
76.461 37.20
76.499 36.99
76.535 36.79
76.572 36.58

76.609 36.38

76,645 36.17

76.681 35.97

76.717 35.77

76.752 35.57

76.788 35.37

76.823 35.17

76.858 34.97

76.893 34.77

76.928 34.57

76,962 34.38

76.997 34,18

77,031 33,99

77,065 33,80

77,098 33,61

77,132 33,41

77,165 33.22

77,198 33,03

77.231 32.85

77.264 32.66

77,296 32.47

77,329 32.29

77.361 32.10

77.393 31.92

77.425 31.73

77.457 31.55

77.488 31.37

77.519 31,19

77,550 31,01

77,581 30,83

77.612 30.65

77.643 30.47

77,673 30.30

77.703 30.12

77.733 29.94

77.763 29.77

77.793 29.60

77.822 29.42

77.852 29.25

77.881 29.08

77.910 28.91

T

E

•c

300

21033.1

301

21111.1

302

21189.0

303

21267.0

304

21345.0

305

21423,0

306

21501,1

307

21579,2

308

21657.3

309

21735.5

310

21813.6

311

21891.8

312

21970. 1

313

22048.3

314

22126.6

315

22204.9

316

22283.3

317

22361 .6

318

22440.0

319

22518.4

320

22596.9

321

22675.4

322

22753.8

323

22832.4

324

22910.9

325

22989.5

326

23068. 1

327

23146. 7

328

23225.3

329

23304.0

330

23382.7

331

2346 1.4

332

23540. 1

333

23618,9

334

23697,7

335

23776, 5

336

23855 , 3

337

23934.2

338

24013.1

339

24092.0

340

24170.9

341

24249 . 8

342

24328. 8

343

24407,8

344

24486,8

345

24565,9

346

24644.9

347

24724.0

348

24803. 1

349

24882.2

350

24961 .4

351

25040. 5

352

25119.7

353

25198.9

354

25278.2

355

25357.4

356

25436.7

357

25516.0

358

25595.3

359

25674.6

360 25754.0

S dS/dT

fj.vrc nV/°C^

77.910 28.91

77.939 28.74

77.967 28.57

77.996 28.40

78.024 28.23

78.052 28.07

78.080 27.90

78.108 27.73

78.136 27.57

78.163 27.40

78,190 27.24

78.218 27,08

78.245 26.91

78.271 26,75

78,298 26,59

78,325 26.43

78,351 26.27

78,377 26,11

78,403 25,95

78.429 25.79

78.455 25.64

78,480 25.48

78,506 25,32

78.531 25.17

78.556 25.01

78.581 24.86

78.606 24.70

78,630 24,55

78,655 24,39

78.679 24.24

78.703 24,09

78.727 23,94

78,751 23,79

78.775 23.64

78.798 23.49

78.822 23.34

78.845 23.19

78.868 23.04

78.891 22.89

78.914 22.75

78.937 22.60

78,959 22,45

78,982 22,31

79.004 22,16

79,026 22.02

79.048 21.87

79.070 21.73

79.091 21,58

79.113 21.44

79.134 21.30

79.155 21.15

79.177 21.01

79.197 20.87

79.218 20.73

79.239 20.59

79.259 20.45

79.280 20.31

79.300 20.17

79.320 20.03

79,340 19.89

79.360 19.75

97

Table 5.3.2. Type E thermocouples— thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
deriative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

or-
\j

360

25754.0

361

25833.3

362

25912 .7

363

25992 . 1

364

26071.6

365

26151.0

366

26230.5

367

26310.0

368

26389.5

369

26469.0

370

26548.5

371

26628. 1

372

26707.7

373

26787. 3

374

26866 . 9

375

26946, 5

376

27026.2

377

27105.8

378

27185.5

379

27265 . 2

380

27344. 9

381

27424.7

382

27504.4

383

27584.2

384

27664.0

385

27743 .8

386

27823.6

387

27903.4

388

27983.3

389

28063 . 2

390

28143.0

3 91

28222.9

392

28302.9

393

28382,8

394

28462,7

395

28542 . 7

396

28622 • 7

397

28702.7

398

28782,7

399

28862 . 7

400

28942.7

401

29022.8

402

29102.8

403

29182.9

404

29263.0

405

29343.1

406

29423 . 2

407

29503.4

408

29583,5

409

29663 , 7

410

29743,9

411

29824,0

412

29904,2

413

29984.5

414

30064.7

415

30144.9

416

30225.2

417

30305.4

418

30385.7

419

30466.0

420

30546.3

S dS/dT

79.360 19.75

79,380 19,61

79,399 19,48

79.419 19.34

79,438 19.20

79,457 19,06

79,476 18,93

79,495 18.79

79,514 18,66

79,532 18,52

79,551 18,39

79.569 18.25

79,587 18.12

79,605 17,98

79.623 17,85

79,641 17,71

79,659 17,58

79,676 17.45

79.693 17,32

79,711 17.18

79,728 17,05

79,745 16.92

79.762 16.79

79.778 16.66

79.795 16.53

79.811 16.39

79.828 16.26

79.844 16.13

79,860 16,00

79,876 15,87

79,892 15,74

79,907 15,62

79,923 15.49

79.938 15.36

79.954 15.23

79.969 15.10

79,984 14.97

79.999 14.85

80.014 14.72

80.028 14,59

80,043 14,46

80.057 14.34

80,071 14,21

80,086 14,08

80,100 13,96

80,113 13,83

80,127 13,71

80,141 13,58

80,154 13.46

80.168 13.33

80,181 13.21

80.194 13.08

80.207 12,96

80,220 12,83

80,233 12.71

80,246 12,58

80,258 12.46

80.270 12.34

80.283 12.21

80.295 12.09

80,307 11.97

T

E

or-

420

30546.3

421

30626.6

422

30706.9

423

30787.3

424

30B67.6

425

30948.0

426

31028.4

427

31108.7

428

31189. 1

429

31269, 5

430

31349,9

431

31430,4

432

31510.8

433

31591.3

434

31671,7

435

31752,2

436

31832,7

437

31913,1

438

31993,6

439

32074 , 2

440

32154, 7

441

32235,2

442

32315,7

443

32396,3

444

32476,8

445

32557.4

446

32638,0

447

32718,6

448

32799, 1

449

32879, 7

450

32960, 3

451

33041,0

452

33121.6

453

33202.2

454

33282 ,9

455

33363 , 5

456

33444. 2

457

33524.8

458

33605.5

459

33686.2

460

33766,9

461

33847.6

462

33928.3

463

34009,0

464

34089.7

465

34170.4

466

34251 . 1

467

34331.9

468

34412.6

469

34493 , 3

470

34574. 1

471

34654,9

472

34735,6

473

34ai6,4

474

34897,2

475

34977,9

476

35058,7

477

35139,5

478

35220,3

479

35301,1

480 35381,9

S dS/dT

fivrc nV/°C^

80,307 11.97

80.319 11,84

80.331 11.72

80.342 11.60

80,354 11,48

8o,365 11,35

80,377 11.23

80.388 11.11

80.399 10.99

80.410 10.87

80.420 10.75

80.431 10.63

80,442 10,51

80,452 10,39

80.463 10,26

80,473 10.14

80.483 10,02

80,493 9,90

80,503 9,78

80,512 9,67

80,522 9,55

80.531 9.43

80,541 9.31

80.550 9,19

80,559 9.07

80,568 8,95

8o,577 8.83

8o,586 8,72

80.594 8,60

80.603 8.48

80,611 8,36

80,620 8,24

80,628 8,13

80.636 8,01

80,644 7.89

80,652 7,78

8o,660 7,66

80.667 7.54

80.675 7.43

80.682 7.31

80.689 7,20

80,696 7,08

80.703 6.97

80,710 6.85

80.717 6,74

80,724 6,62

80,730 6,51

80.737 6,39

80.743 6.28

80.749 6.16

80.755 6.05

80.761 5.94

80.767 5,82

80,773 5,71

80.779 5,60

8o,784 5,48

8o,790 5.37

80.795 5.26

80,800 5.15

80.805 5,03

80,810 4,92

T

E

*C

480

35381,9

481

35462 , 7

482

35543,6

483

35624,4

484

35705,2

465

35786,0

486

35866 , 9

487

35947,7

488

36028,6

489

36109,4

490

36190 . 3

491

36271.1

492

36352.0

493

36432.8

494

36513.7

495

•sac; Q/t . A

J/ O U 7 H . O

496

36675.4

497

36756.3

498

36837.2

499

369 1 8 • 1

36999 • 0

1

j\j i

3 70 79 • 9

502

37160.8

503

37241.6

504

3 7322.5

505

37403.4

506

37484,3

507

37565,2

508

37646, 1

_> U 7

D 1 1 £. ( % X

3 1 U

"7 D r\ Q r\

511

"3 "7 Q a Q Q

512

37969.8

513

38050*7

5 1

J O L 2 A. m O

515

36212*5

Die

517

38374.4

518

38455.3

519

38536 • 2

s ? ri

386 17.1

521

^ U U 7 U . V

522

38779.0

523

38859.9

524

38940 . 8

525

3902 1,7

526

39102,6

527

39183.6

528

39264.5

529

39345 . 4

39426 . 3

J 3 1

-> i'!? U » .J

532

3 9588,2

533

39669,1

534

39750,0

535

39830.9

536

39911,9

537

39992.8

538

40073.7

539

40154.6

540 40235.5

S dS/dT

80.810
80.815
80.820
80,825
80.829

4.92
4.81
4.70
4.59
4.48

80.834
80.838
80. 842
80.846
80.860

4,37
4.26
4.16
4.04
3.93

80.854
80.868
80, 861
80,865
80,868

3,82
3,71
3,60
3,49
3,38

80.872
80.876
80.878
80.881
80.884

3,27
3.16
3,06
2,95
2.84

80.887
80.889
80,892
80.894
80.897

2.73
2.63
2.52
2.41
2.31

80.899
80.901
80.903
80.905
80.907

2.20
2.10
1,99
1,88
1,78

80.909
80.910
80.912
80.913
80.916

1,68
1.57
1.47
1.36
1.26

80.916
80.917
80.918
80.919
80.920

1.16
1.05
0.95
0.86
0.75

80.920
80.921
80.921
80.922
80.922

0.64
0.54
0.44
0.34
0.24

80.922
80.922
80.922
80.922
80.922

0.14
0.04
-0.06
-0.16
-0.26

80.922
80.921
80.921
80.920
80.919

-0,36
-0.45
-0.55
-0.65
-0.75

80.919
80.918
80.917
80.916
80.915

-0.84
-0.94
-1.04
-1.13
-1.23

80.913

-1.33

98

Table 5.3.2. Type E thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
deriative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C— Continued

1

"C

5A0

40235,5

541

40316.4

542

40397.3

543

H ^ r o . c

544

40559.2

545

40640.1

546

40721.0

547

40801.9

548

^ W f O IL. . O

549

40963.7

550

41044.6

551

41125.5

552

41206.4

553

412 87.2

554

41368. 1

555

41449.0

556

41529.9

557

41610.8

558

41691.6

559

41772.5

560

41853.4

561

41934.3

562

42015. 1

563

£. V 7 tj .

564

42176.8

565

42257.7

566

42338.5

567

42419.4

568

^ -J u u . ^

569

42581.1

570

42661.9

571

42742.7

572

42823.6

573

574

42985.2

575

43066.0

576

43146.8

577

43227.6

578

/, "a T n ft ix

H- J J KJ O % H

579

43389.2

580

43470.0

561

43550.8

582

43631.6

583

43712 , 3

584

43793.1

685

43873.9

586

43954.6

587

44035.4

588

441 16 1

589

44196.9

590

44277.6

591

44358.4

592

44439.1

519 8

594

44600.5

595

44681.2

596

44761.9

597

44842.6

598

44923.3

599

45004.0

600

45084.7

S dS/dT

80.913 -1.33

80.912 -1.42

80.910 "1.52

80.909 -1.61

80.907 -1.70

80.905 -1.80

80.904 -1.89

80.902 -1.98

80.900 -2.08

80.898 -2.17

80.895 -2.26

80.893 -2.35

80.891 -2.44

80.888 -2.53

80.886 -2.62

80.883 -2.71

80.880 -2.80

80.877 -2.89

80.874 -2.98

80.871 -3.07

80.868 -3.16

80.865 -3.25

80.862 -3.33

80.858 -3.42

80.855 -3.51

80.851 -3.59

80.848 -3.68

80.844 -3.77

80.840 -3.85

80.836 -3.93

80.832 -4.02

80.828 -4.10

80.824 -4.19

80.820 -4.27

80.816 -4.35

80.811 -4,43

80.807 -4.52

80.802 -4.60

80.797 -4.68

80.793 -4.76

80.788 -4.84

80.783 -4.92

80.778 -5.00

80.773 -5.08

80.768 -5.16

80.763 -5.23

80.757 -5.31

80.752 -5,39

80.747 -5.47

80.741 -5.54

80.736 -5.62

80.730 -5.69

80.724 -5.77

80.718 -5.84

80.713 -5.92

80.707 -5.99

80.701 -6.07

80.694 -6,14

80.688 -6.21

80.682 -6.28

80.676 -6.36

"C

600

45084,7

601

45165.4

602

45246.0

603

45326 . 7

604

45407.3

605

45488.0

606

45568.6

607

45649.3

608

45729,9

609

45810.5

610

45891. 1

611

45971.7

612

46052.3

613

46 132.9

614

46213.5

615

46294. 1

616

46374.6

617

46455.2

618

46535.8

619

46616.3

620

46696.8

621

46777.4

622

46857.9

623

46938 . 4

624

47018.9

625

47099.4

626

47179.9

627

47260.4

628

47340 . 9

629

47421.3

630

47501.8

631

47582.2

632

47662.7

633

47743 . 1

634

47823.5

635

47904.0

636

47984,4

637

48064,8

638

48 145 , 2

639

48225.5

640

48305,9

641

48386,3

642

48466,6

643

48547, 0

644

48627.3

645

48707,7

646

48788,0

647

48868,3

648

48948 , 6

649

49028,9

650

49109.2

651

49189.4

652

49269.7

653

49349.9

654

49430.2

655

49510.4

656

49590.6

657

49670.9

658

49751. 1

659

49831.3

660 49911,5

S dS/dT

80,676 -6.36

80.669 -6,43

80,663 -6,50

80,656 -6,57

80.650 -6.64

80,643 -6.71

80.636 -6.73

80.629 -6.85

80.623 -6.91

80.616 -6,98

80.609 -7.05

80.602 -7.12

80.594 -7.18

80.587 -7.25

80.580 -7.31

80.573 -7.38

80.565 -7.45

80,558 -7,51

80,550 -7,57

80.543 -7.64

80.535 -7.70

80.527 -7.76

80.519 -7.83

80.511 -7.89

80.504 -7.95

80.496 -8.01

80.488 -8.07

80.479 -8.13

8o,471 -8.19

80.463 -8.25

80.455 -8.31

80.446 -8.37

80.438 -8,43

8o,430 -8,48

8o,421 -8,54

80.413 -8.60

80.404 -8.65

80.395 -8.71

80.386 -8,77

80,378 -8,82

8o,369 -8,88

80.360 -8,93

80.361 -8.98
80,342 -9,04
80.333 -9.09

80.324 -9.14

80.315 -9,20

80,305 -9.25

80.296 -9.30

80.287 -9.35

80.277 -9.40

80.268 -9.45

80.258 -9.50

80.249 -9.55

80,239 -9.60

80.230 -9.65

80.220 -9.70

80.210 -9.75

80.201 -9.80

80.191 -9.84

80.181 -9.89

J

•c

660

49911.5

661

49991.6

662

50071.8

663

5016 1.9

664

50232.1

665

50312.2

666

50392.4

667

50472.5

668

50552.6

669

50632.7

670

60712.8

671

50792.8

672

50872.9

673

60952 . 9

674

51033.0

675

51113.0

676

61193.0

677

51273. 1

678

51353.1

679

51433,1

680

51513,0

681

61693,0

682

51673.0

683

51752.9

684

51832.8

685

51912.8

686

51992.7

687

52072.6

688

52152 . 5

689

52232.4

690

62312,2

691

52392.1

692

52471.9

693

52551.8

694

52631.6

696

52711,4

696

52791,2

697

52871,0

698

52960, 8

699

53030,6

700

63110.3

701

63190. 1

702

63269.8

703

6 3349 . 5

704

53429.2

705

53608,9

706

63588,6

707

53668,3

708

53747.9

709

53827.6

710

53907.2

711

53986.9

712

54066.5

713

54146.1

714

54225,7

715

54305.3

716

54384,8

717

54464,4

718

54543,9

719

64623,6

720

54703,0

S dS/dT

/iV/°C nV/°C*

80.181 -9.89

80.171 -9.94

80.161 -9.98

80.151 -10.03

80.141 -10.08

80.131 -10,12

80,121 -10,17

80,111 -10,21

80,100 -10,25

80.090 -10.30

80.080 -10,34

80,069 -10,39

80.059 -10,43

80,048 -10,47

80,038 -10,51

80.027 -10.56

80.017 -10.60

80.006 -10.64

79,996 -10.68

79.985 -10.72

79.974 -10.76

79.963 -10.80

79.953 -10.84

79.942 -10.88

79.931 -10.92

79.920 -10.96

79.909 -11.00

79,898 -11,04

79,887 -11,08

79,876 -11,12

79,865 -11,16

79.853 -11.19

79.842 -11.23

79.831 -11.27

79,820 -11.30

79.808 -11.34

79,797 -11,38

79,786 -11.41

79,774 -11.45

79,763 -11,49

79,751 -11,52

79,740 -11,66

79,728 -11.59

79.716 -11,63

79,705 -11,66

79,693 -11,70

79,681 -11,73

79,670 -11,77

79,658 -11,80

79.646 -11.84

79.634 -11.87

79.622 -11.90

79.610 -11.94

79.698 -11.97

79,686 -12,00

79,574 -12,04

79,562 -12,07

79,650 -12.10

79,538 -12,14

79,526 -12.17

79.514 -12.20

99

Table 5.3.2. Type E thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
deriative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °€— Continued

T E

720 54703.0

721 54782.5

722 54862.0

723 54941.5

724 55020.9

S dS/dT

/lV/°C nV/^C^

79.514 -12.20

79.502 -12.23

79.489 -12.27

79.477 -12.30

79.465 -12.33

T E

780 59450.7

781 59529.4

782 59608.1

783 59686.8

784 59765.5

S dS/dT

78.723 -14.18

78.709 -14.21

78.695 -14.25

78.681 -14.29

78.666 -14.33

T E

840 64147.1

841 64224.9

842 64302.7

843 64380.5

844 64458.2

S dS/dT

fiWC nVZ-C^

77.799 -16.77

77.782 -16.82

77.766 -16.87

77.749 -16.92

77.732 -16.98

725 55100.4

726 55179.8

727 55259.3

728 55338.7

729 55418.1

730 55497.5

731 55576.9

732 55656.3

733 55735.6

734 55815.0

79.452 -12.36

79.440 -12.40

79.428 -12.43

79.415 -12.46

79.403 -12.49

79.390 -12.52

79.378 -12.56

79.365 -12.59

79.352 -12.62

79.340 -12.65

785 59844.1

786 59922.8

787 60001.4

788 60080.0

789 60158.6

790 60237.2

791 60315.8

792 60394.3

793 60472,9

794 60551.4

78.652 -14.36

78.638 -14.40

78.623 -14.44

78.609 -14.48

78.594 -14.51

78.580 -14.55

78.565 -14.59

78.551 -14.63

78.536 -14.67

78.521 -14.71

845 64535.9

846 64613.6

847 64691.3

848 64769.0

849 64846.7

850 64924.3

851 65001.9

852 65079.5

853 65157.1

854 65234.7

77.715 -17.03

77.698 -17.08

77.681 -17.13

77.663 -17.18

77.646 -17.23

77.629 -17.28

77.612 -17.33

77.594 -17.38

77.577 -17.43

77.559 -17.48

735 55894.3

736 55973.6

737 56052.9

738 56132.2

739 56211.5

79.327 -12.68

79.314 -12.72

79.302 -12.75

79.289 -12.78

79.276 -12.81

795 60629.9

796 60708.4

797 60786.9

798 60865.4

799 60943.8

78.507 -14.75

78.492 -14,79

78.477 -14.83

78,462 -14.87

78.447 -14.91

855 65312.2

856 65389.8

857 65467.3

858 65544.8

859 65622.2

77.542 -17.53

77.524 -17.59

77.507 -17.64

77.489 -17.69

77.471 -17.74

740 56290.8

741 56370.0

742 56449.3

743 56528.5

744 56607.7

79.263 -12.84

79.250 -12.87

79.238 -12.91

79.225 -12.94

79.212 -12.97

800 61022.3

801 61100.7

802 61179.1

803 61257.5

804 61335.9

78.432 -14.95

78.417 -14.99

78,402 -15.03

78.387 -15.07

78.372 -15.11

860 65699.7

861 65777.2

862 65854.6

863 65932.0

864 66009.4

77.454 -17.79

77.436 -17.84

77.418 -17.89

77.400 -17.94

77.382 -17.99

745 56686.9

746 56766.1

747 56845.3

748 56924.5

749 57003.6

79.199 -13.00

79.186 -13.03

79.173 -13.07

79.160 -13.10

79.146 -13.13

805 61414.2

806 61492,6

807 61570.9

808 61649.2

809 61727.6

78,357 -15,15

78.342 -15.20

78.327 -15.24

78,311 -15.28

78,296 -15.33

865 66086.8

866 66164.1

867 66241.4

868 66318.8

869 66396.1

77.364 -18.04

77.346 -18.09

77.328 -18.15

77.310 -18.20

77.291 -18.25

750 57082.8

751 57161.9

752 57241.0

753 57320.1

754 57399.2

79.133 -13.16

79.120 -13.19

79.107 -13.23

79.094 -13.26

79.080 -13.29

810 61805.8

811 61884.1

812 61962.4

813 62040.6

814 62118.8

78.281 -15.37

78.265 -15.41

78.250 -15.46

78.235 -15.50

78.219 -15.54

870 66473.3

871 66550.6

872 66627.9

873 66705.1

874 66782.3

77.273 -18.30

77,255 -18.34

77.236 -18.39

77.218 -18.44

7 7.2 00 -18.49

755 57478.3

756 57557.3

757 57636.4

758 57715.4

759 57794.4

79.067 -13.32

79.054 -13.36

79.040 -13.39

79.027 -13.42

79.014 -13.46

815 62197.1

816 62275.2

817 62353.4

818 62431.6

819 62509.7

78.203 -15.59

78.188 -15.63

78.172 -15.68

78.157 -15.72

78,141 -15.77

875 66859.5

876 66936.7

877 67013,8

878 67091.0

879 67168.1

77.181 -18.54

77.162 -18.59

77.144 -18.64

77.125 -18.68

77.106 -18.73

760 57873.4

761 57952.4

762 58031.4

763 58110.4

764 58189,3

79,000 -13.49

78,987 -13.52

78.973 -13.55

78.959 -13.59

78.946 -13.62

820 62587.9

821 62666.0

822 62744.1

823 62822.2

824 62900.2

78.125 -15.81

78,109 -15,86

78,093 -15.91

78.077 -15,95

78,061 -16,00

880 67245.2

881 67322.2

882 67399.3

883 67476.3

884 67553.4

77.088 -18,78

77,069 -18.82

77.050 -18.87

77.031 -18.92

77.012 -18.96

765 58268.3

766 58347.2

767 58426.1

768 58505,0

769 58583.9

770 58662.7

771 58741.6

772 58820.4

773 58899.3

774 58978.1

775 59056.9

776 59135.7

777 59214.5

778 59293.2

779 59372.0

780 59450.7

78.932 -13.66

78.919 -13.69

78.905 -13.72

78.891 -13.76

78.877 -13.79

78.863 -13.83

78.850 -13.86

78.836 -13.89

78.822 -13.93

78.808 -13.96

78.794 -14.00

78.780 -14.04

78.766 -14.07

78,752 -14,11

78,738 -14,14

78.723 -14.18

825 62978.3

826 63056.3

827 63134.4

828 63212.4

829 63290.4

830 63368.3

831 63446.3

832 63524.2

833 63602.1

834 63680,1

835 63757.9

836 63835.8

837 63913.7

838 63991.5

839 64069,3

840 64147,1

78,045 -16,05

78,029 -16,09

78.013 -16,14

77,997 -16,19

77,981 -16,24

77,964 -16,28

77,948 -16,33

77,932 -16,38

77,915 -16,43

77.899 -16.48

77.882 -16.53

77.866 -16.58

77.849 -16,63

77.833 -16.67

77.816 -16.72

77.799 -16.77

885 67630.4

886 67707.3

887 67784.3

888 67861.3

889 67938.2

890 68015,1

891 68092,0

892 68168.8

893 68245.7

894 68322.5

895 68399.3

896 68476.1

897 68552.9

898 68629,6

899 68706,4

900 68783,1

76.993 -19,01

76,974 -19.05

76.955 -19.09

76.936 -19.14

76.917 -19.18

76.898 -19.22

76.878 -19.26

76.859 -19.30

76.840 -19.34

76.820 -19.38

76.801 -19.42

76.782 -19.46

76.762 -19.49

76.743 -19.53

76.723 -19,56

76,704 -19,60

100

Table 5.3.2. Type E thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
deriative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °€-— Continued

T

E

Of

..V

900

68783 . 1

901

68859 • 8

902

68936 . 5

903

69013.1

904

69089.8

905

69166.4

906

69243.0

907

69319.5

908

69396. 1

909

69472.6

s

dS/dT

nV/'C^

76.704

-19.60

76 .684

-19.63

76,664

-19.66

76.645

-19.69

76.625

-19.72

76.605

-19.75

76.585

-19.78

76.566

-19.80

76.546

-19.83

76.526

-19.85

T E

"C

935 71455.6

936 71531.5

937 71607.5

938 71683.5

939 71759.4

940 71835.3

941 71911.2

942 71987.1

943 72063.0

944 72138.8

S dS/dT

76.006 -19.91

75.986 -19.88

75.967 -19.86

75.947 -19.83

75.927 -19.79

75.907 -19.76

75.887 -19.72

75,868 -19.67

75.848 -19.63

75.828 -19.58

T

E

T

970

74103.9

971

74179.3

972

74254. 6

973

74329.9

974

74405.2

975

74480.5

976

74555.7

977

74631.0

978

74706.2

979

74781 .4

S dS/dT

75.346 -17.07

75.329 -16.91

75.312 -16.75

75.296 -16.59

75.279 -16.42

75.263 -16.24

75.247 -16.06

75.231 -15.87

75.215 -15.68

75.199 -15.48

910

69549. 1

911

6962 5.6

912

69702 . 1

913

697 78.6

914

D 7 O _J J . U

915

69931.4

916

70007.8

917

70084.2

918

70160.6

919

70236.9

920

70313.2

921

70389.5

922

70465.8

923

70542.0

924

70618.3

925

70694.5

926

70770.7

927

70846.9

928

70923 .0

929

70999.2

930

71075.3

931

71151.4

932

71227.4

933

71303.5

934

71379.5

935 71455.6

76.506 -19.88

76.486 -19.90

76.466 -19.92

76.446 -19.94

76.426 -19.95

76.406 -19.97

76.386 -19.98

76.366 -20.00

76.346 -20.01

76.326 -20.02

76.306 -20.03

76.286 -20.03

76.266 -20.04

76.246 -20.04

76.226 -20.04

76.206 -20.04

76.186 -20.04

76.166 -20.03

76.146 -20.02

76.126 -20.01

76.106 -20.00

76.086 -19.99

76.066 -19.97

76.046 -19.95

76.026 -19.93

76.006 -19.91

945

72214.6

946

72290.4

947

72 366.2

948

72442 . 0

949

72517.7

950

72593.4

951

72669. 1

952

72744.8

953

72820.5

954

72896.1

955

72971.7

956

73047.4

957

73122.9

953

73198. 5

959

73274. 1

960

73349.6

961

73425. 1

962

73500.6

963

73576. 1

964

73651.5

965

73727.0

966

73802.4

967

73877.8

968

73953.2

969

74028.6

970 74103.9

75.809 -19.53

75.789 -19.48

75.770 -19.42

75.751 -19.36

75.731 -19.30

75.712 -19.23

75.693 -19.16

75.674 -19.09

75.655 -19.01

75.636 -18.93

75.617 -18.84

75.598 -18.75

75.579 -18.66

75.561 -18.56

75.542 -18.46

75.524 -18.36

75.505 -18.25

75.487 -18.14

75.469 -18.02

75.451 -17.90

75.433 -17.77

75.416 -17.64

75.398 -17.51

75.381 -17.37

75.363 -17.22

75.346 -17.07

980

74856.6

981

74931.7

982

75006.9

983

75082. 1

984

75157.2

985

75232.3

986

75307.4

987

75382.5

988

75457.6

989

75532.6

990

75607.7

991

75682.7

992

75757.7

993

75832.8

994

75907.8

995

75982.7

996

76057.7

997

76132.7

998

76207.6

999

76282.6

1000

76357.5

75.184 -15.28

75.169 -15.06

75.154 -14.85

75.139 -14.63

75.125 -14.40

75.110 -14.16

75.096 -13.92

75.083 -13.67

75.069 -13.41

75.056 -13.15

75.043 -12.88

75.030 -12.61

75.017 -12.32

75.005 -12.03

74.993 -11.73

74.982 -11.43

74.971 -11.11

74.960 -10.79

74.949 -10.46

74.939 -10.12

74.929 -9.78

101

Table 5.3.3. Thermoelectric values at the fixed points for Type E thermocouples

E

5

illj / (Jil

Fixed point

°C ^

uV

mV/°C

nV /°C^

Helium NRP

— 268 Q^S

— 9833

.09

2

.084

491 .21

11 y ui ugcii 1 1

— 9792

.66

6

180

388 66

HvdrofTpn NRP

— 2^2 870

— 9744

75

o
o

oOo

366 . 90

Npnn TP

i t CUli 11

— 24R 'SOS

— 9704

62

10

1 Ql

359.97

Npnn NRP

— 246 048

— 9677

58

11

073

356 26

Oyvotati T^P
V/AyilCIl 11

— 218 .789

— 9249

87

20

m o
.018

294. 12

Nitroffpn TP

— 210.00"!

— 9062

90

22

C A'7

507

272 . 80

Nitroppn NRP

— IQS 802

— 8716

78

ZD

1 0 1

ioi

246.34

OYVPpn NRP

— 18? Q62

— 8360

81

z9

230

229.48

Vjdl U\Jll l^ltJ AlUC LJl

— 78 476

— 4227

53

/i o

4o

C /I 1

541

149.61

IVffrfiirv PP
ivici cui y 1 1

— ^R 86?

— 2193

03

54

039

128.82

1 i>C IJXJ 111 l

0 .000

0

00

58

696

86.22

Fthpr TP

ZULU CI 1 1

26 870

1609

1

099

91 .33

Watpr RP

W aLCI Ul

100 000

6317

67

512

80.04

r\Pri'7Alf 1 r
UCII^UIL/ 11

122 ^70

7846

8

89

oo A

zz9

73.46

TnriiiiTTi l*P
lllUiUIll 1 JT

1S6 6^4

10259

Q

71

566

62 .96

Tin FP

2^1 9681

^OX . ?1JOX

15809

4

nr.

C AC

oOd

42.51

Ri<;miith FP

971 44?

18820

7

/ /

012

34.10

v^dUlli 1 U 111 1 1

'^21 108

>J ^ X , X \J\J

22683

9

78

483

25 .46

T pad FP

23186

2

78

643

24.47

IVfprnirv T?P
XVlCi 1 y Ul

660

25489

\

79

293

20.22

Zinc FP

41 Q S80

30512

5

80

30 :

12 .02

Sulphur BP

444.674

32531

2

80

565

8.99

Cu-Al FP

548.23

40901

4

80

899

-2.10

Antimony FP

630.74

47561

4

80

449

-8.35

Aluminum FP

660.37

49941

2

80

177

-9.91

Silver FP

961.93

73495

5

75

489

-18.15

*Junction point of different functions.

Table 5.3.4. Estimated maximum errors that occur when using reduced-bit arithmetic for the power series
expansion for the thermoelectric voltage of Type E thermocouples

Temperature range

Degree

Estimated maximum error

in microvolts

12 Bit

16 Bit

24 Bit

27 Bit

36 Bit

-270 to -200 °C

13

(*)

300

0.4

0.1

<0.01

-200 to 0°C

13

800

20

0.2

0.02

<0.01

0 to 200 °C

9

3

0.2

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

200 to 400 °C

9

7

0.2

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

400 to 600 °C

9

70

0.5

0.03

<0.01

<0.01

600 to 800 °C

9

400

15

0.2

0.02

<0.01

800 to 1000 °C

9

(*)

90

0.6

0.1

<0.01

*A high-order polynomial with a low-bit machine causes extreme error.

102

6. TYPE J — Iron Versus Copper-Nickel Alloy (SAMA)

Thermocouples

6.1. Material Specifications and Precautions

This is one of the most common types of industrial
thermocouples, because of its relatively high Seebeck
coefficient and low cost. It has been reported that more
than 200 tons of Type J materials are supplied an-
nually to industry in this country. However, it is least
suitable for accurate thermometry because there are
significant nonlinear deviations in the thermoelectric
output from different manufacturers. These irregular
deviations lead to difficulties in obtaining accurate
calibrations based on a limited number of calibration
points. The positive thermoelement is commercially
pure (99.5% Fe) iron, usually containing significant
impurity levels of carbon, chromium, copper, man-
ganese, nickel, phosphorus, silicon, and sulfur. Ther-
mocouple wire represents such a small fraction of the
total production of commercial iron wire that the
producers do not control the chemical composition to
maintain constant thermoelectric properties. Instead,
instrument companies and thermocouple fabricators
select material most suitable for their thermocouple
usage. The total and specific types of impurities that
occur in commercial iron change with time, location
of primary ores, and methods of smelting. Many un-
usual lots have been selected in the past, for example
spools of industrial iron wire and even scrapped rails
from an elevated train line. At present, iron wire that
most closely fits these tables has about 0.25 percent Mn
and 0.12 percent copper plus other minor impurities.

The negative thermoelement for Type J thermo-
couples is a copper-nickel alloy known ambiguously as
constantan. The word constantan has commonly re-
ferred to copper-nickel alloys with anything from 45
to 60 percent of copper, often with minor impurities
of carbon, iron, or manganese. Constantan for Type J
thermocouples usually contains about 55 percent cop-
per, 45 percent nickel, and a small but thermoelec-
trically significant amount of iron and manganese,
about 0.1 percent or more. It should be emphasized
that Type JN thermoelements are NOT gen-
erally interchangeable with Type TN (or EN)
thermoelements, although they are all referred
to as "constantan". In order to provide some dif-
ferentiation in nomenclature. Type JN is often re-
ferred to as SAMA constantan.

Suppliers of Type J thermocouples usually select
heats of iron and well-matched batches of constantan
so that the total output of the combination closely fits
the Type J table up to 760 °C. In fact, with care in
selection, Type J thermocouples can be produced that
will fit calibration tables as accurately as the more
expensive Type K thermocouples. While the overall
thermocouple will conform to the limits of error pub-
lished in ASTM or ISA standards (or even have closer
limits of error), it should be emphasized that Type
JP and JN thermoelements as supplied by different
companies are not generally interchangeable.

The grandfather of the Type J thermocouple tables
in this Monograph was the commercial table printed

by Leeds and Northrup in 1913 and incorporated in
a later NBS paper, Foote, Fairchild, and Harrison
[1920] and the NAS-NRC International Critical
Tables [1926]. They covered the range from 0 to
760 °C. The usefulness of an iron versus copper-
nickel alloy thermocouple had been shown as early
as [1892] by Lindeck. By the 1930's a number of
different tables had been published for iron versus
constantan thermocouples because of a lack of stand-
ardization and differences in the irons used by various
thermocouple manufacturers. Although other tables for
iron versus constantan thermocouples came into exist-
ence, the 1913 table was the most commonly used for
instrument calibrations. Until the late 1930's how-
ever, thermocouples did not conform accurately to this
curve. Therefore Roeser and Dahl [1938] obtained a
representative selection of both materials and care-
fully remeasured their thermoelectric properties be-
tween — 200 and 1000 °C. Their results were repre-
sentative of material used by the military at that time,
but deviated significantly from the 1913 table. Because
the new tables differed by up to 2 percent from the
previous tables, they were not generally accepted as
a replacement for the earlier iron versus constantan
tables. To somewhat ease the confusion, the tables
generated by Roeser and Dahl [1938] were referred
to as Type Y or RP 1080 iron versus constantan. Their
tables were used by several military groups but were
not generally used in civilian applications.

In an effort to promote uniformity, a section of
the Scientific Apparatus Makers of America (SAMA)
initiated a new program in 1948. A research project
was established at the National Bureau of Standards
and the results were published in 1953 by Corruccini
and Shenker. The resultant tables were very close to
the 1913 ones and have generally been accepted as the
Type J, iron versus constantan, thermocouple stand-
ards (NBS Circular 561, Shenker et al. [1955]).
After modifications for temperature scale changes,
their research results were used for generating the
functions given in this Monograph.

Type J thermocouples are recommended by the
ASTM [1970] for use in the temperature range from
0 to 760 °C in vacuum, oxidizing, reducing, or inert
atmospheres. If used for extended times above 500 °C,
heavy gage wires are recommended because the oxida-
tion rate is rapid at elevated temperatures. The ASTM
Manual STP 470 [1970] indicates the following re-
strictions on the use of Type J thermocouples;

They should not he used in sulfurous atmospheres
above 500 °C. Because of potential rusting and em-
brittlement, they are not recommended for sub-zero
temperatures. They should not be cycled above 760 °C
even for a short time if accurate readings below
760 °C are desired at a later time.

The positive thermoelement, iron, is relatively in-
sensitive to composition changes under thermal neu-
tron irradiation, but does exhibit a slight increase in
manganese content. The negative thermoelement, a

103

copper-nickel alloy, is subject to substantial composi-
tion changes under thermal neutron irradiation since
copper is converted to nickel and zinc.

Both thermoelements of Type J thermocouples are
variable in thermoelectric output because of compo-
sitional variations in the iron and in the copper-nickel
alloy. Corruccini and Shenker [1953] found an order
of magnitude variation in both the manganese (0.03
to 0.38%) and copper (0.02 to 0.15%) impurities in
the iron thermoelements, even though the materials
were presumably specially selected lots of material.
Not only were the thermoelectric voltages of different
iron thermoelements different by as much as 2 percent,
the output curves were sometimes different in shape.
The negative thermoelements also differed by as much
as 2 percent, but their deviations tended to be much
more linear. At present the manufacturers are con-
trolling the compositions and the matching of thermo-
elements more carefully and therefore deviations from
the standards should be considerably less than those
observed by Corruccini and Shenker [1953].

Finch [1943] has shown that the Seebeck coefficient
of iron at 500 °C is increased by additions of Cr, Mn,
or S but decreased by additions of Ni, Si, Sn, P, and Cu
(for impurity level above 0.1 percent). Manufacturers
select the negative thermoelement to match a given lot
of positive material. The composition of the copper-
nickel alloy therefore also varies significantly. The
average composition is around 55 percent copper and
there is usually a significant impurity amount of iron.

Annealing below 760 °C for short periods does not
significantly alter the thermoelectric properties of
Type J thermocouples.

Commercial iron undergoes a magnetic transforma-
tion near 769 °C and a a-y crystal transformation
near 910 °C (see Hansen and Anderko [1958] ). Both
of these transformations, especially the latter, seriously
affect the thermoelectric properties of iron, and there-
fore of Type J thermocouples. It is for that reason that
iron versus constantan thermocouples are not recom-
mended as a standardized type above 760 °C. If
Type J thermocouples are taken to high temperatures,
especially above 900 °C, they will lose the accuracy
of their calibration when they are recycled to lower
temperatures. If Type J thermocouples are used at
temperatures above 760 °C, only the largest wire,
AWG 8 (3.3 mm) should be used and they should
be held at the measured temperature for 10 to 20 min-
utes before readings are taken. The output of the
Type J thermocouples may change by as much as 40
fiV (or 1 °C equivalent) per minute when first brought
up to temperatures near 900 °C.

ASTM Standard E230-72 in the Annual Book of
ASTM Standards [1972] specifies that the standard
limits of error for Type J commercial thermocouples
be ± 2.2 °C between 0 and 277 °C and ±: % percent
between 277 and 760 °C. Limits of error are not
specified for Type J thermocouples below 0 °C or
above 760 °C. Type J thermocouples can also be
supplied to meet special limits of error, which are
equal to one-half the limits given above. The recom-
mended upper temperature limit for protected thermo-

couples, 760 °C, applies to AWG 8 (3.3 mm) wire.
For smaller wires the recommended upper temperature
decreases to 593 °C for AWG 14 (1.6 mm), 482 °C
for AWG 20 (0.8 mm), and 371 °C for AWG 24 or
28 (0.5 or 0.3 mm).

6.2. Data Analyses and Comparisons

The fitting functions for Type J thermocouples are
based primarily on the data reported by Corruccini
and Shenker [1953]. The values for single thermo-
elements versus platinum were adjusted to be on the
IPTS-68 and to be relative to the new platinum refer-
ence standard, Pt-67. The differences between Pt-67
and the former standard, Pt-27, are summarized in
section 1.2. The method of analysis used in this
Monograph was different than that used by Corruccini
and Shenker [1953] ; they used divided differences,
Lagrangian interpolation, and linear interpolation to
construct their tables from the experimental data
points. Our methods are described in the first chapter
of this Monograph. The high temperature functions
for the Type J thermocouple have also been adjusted
to fit some recent experimental points in the extended
range near 1135 °C reported by Sine [1971].

Thermocouple A-1 in the paper by Corruccini and
Shenker [1953] was used as the basis for fitting the
functions for Type J thermocouples between — 210 and
-|-760 °C. There were 27 experimental points in this
temperature range. With a seven term function the
standard deviation of the fit was 4.8 /xV.

Twenty-three experimental points for the thermo-
element A-1 in the paper by Corruccini and Shenker
[1953] were used to generate functions for Type JP
thermoelements versus Pt-67. With a seven term func-
tion the standard deviation of the fit was 4.4 /xV.

The fitting function for Pt-67 versus Type JN
thermoelements was obtained by subtraction of the
Type JP function from the Type J function.

Fitting functions for Type J thermocouples between
760 and 1200 °C were based upon 11 experimental
points from Corruccini and Shenker [1953] and eight
experimental points provided by Sine [1971]. The
function was extrapolated smoothly above the highest
experimental points (near 1134 °C) to 1200 °C. The
function was constrained to have the same thermo-
electric voltage and Seebeck coefficient at 760 °C as
those calculated for the temperature range below
760 °C. The standard deviation of the fit for a 6 term
equation was about 14 /xV. The function and values
for Type J thermocouples above 760 °C are thus not
suitable for precise temperature measurements and
the thermocouple should not be used as a standardized
type above 760 °C. The values for temperatures above
760 °C given in this Monograph should be used only
as a guide and rough approximation.

Values for thermoelectric voltages of Type J thermo-
couples given in this Monograph were compared to
those for three thermocouples, A-1, F-1, and F-5,
studied by Corruccini and Shenker [1953] and to those
for three thermocouples calibrated by the Temperature
Section of the National Bureau of Standards, Gaithers-
burg. The deviations are shown in figure 6.2.1. All
values were adjusted to the IPTS-68.

104

Similarly, the deviations for Type JP thermoele-
ments versus Pt-67 and Pt-67 versus JN thermoele-
ments are given in figures 6.2.2 and 6.2.3. The number
of thermoelements used for these comparisons was dif-
ferent however: values for four JP thermoelements
calibrated by the Temperature Section of the National
Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, are shown; for
JN, no individual calibrations from that group are
included. In both these figures there is also a com-
parison to data for the thermoelements of thermocouple

A-1 from Corruccini and Shenker [1953] and to
values from the widely distributed, but unpublished,
industrial tables prepared by Burns [1967].

Deviations between values given in this Monograph
and those given in NBS Circular 561 are shown in
figure 6.2.4. The earlier values were adjusted to the
IPTS-68. The width of the curve indicates the round-
off uncertainty (10 fiY) in the tabular values given
in NBS Circular 561.

200

0 0.4
TEMPERATURE ."C

2x10

100

60

>

^ 20
.a

2
O

-20

< -60

>
LlI
Q

-100

-140

-400 -200 0 200 400

TEMPERATURE ,°C

600

800

Figure 6.2.1. Deviations of thermoelectric voltages of Type J
thermocouples — comparison of values given in this Mono-
graph to those given by: A-1, F-1, and F-5, Corruccini and
Shenker [1953] ; Nos. 3, 40, and 53, selected calibrations
from the Temperature Section (NBS, Gaithersburg).

Values from previous publications and tests are adjusted to the IPTS— 68.
The dashed lines indicate a deviation of 1 °C.

Figure 6.2.2. Deviations of thermoelectric voltages of Type
JP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 — comparison of
values given in this Monograph to those given by: A-1, Cor-
ruccini and Shenker [1953], Nos. 4, 6, 7, and 12, selected
calibrations from the Temperature Section (NBS, Gaithers-
burg) ; Ind. Tables, unpublished NBS data by Burns [1967].

Values from previous publications and tests are adjusted to the IPTS— 68.
The dashed Imes indicate a deviation of 1 °C.

105

zo

1

-

I'll

1 1 1 ' 1

1

-

A = +0.2''C

-

-

~~~~

-

o Ind. Tables

-

A A-l

-

1

1 1 1 1

1

-400 -200 0 200 400 600 800

TEMPERATURE, X

Figure 6.2.3. Deviations of thermoelectric voltages of plati-
num, Pt-67, versus Type JN thermoelements — comparison of
values given in this Monograph to those given by: A-l, Cor-
ruccini and Shenker [1953] ; Ind. Tables, unpublished NBS
data by Burns [1967].

Values from previous publications and tests are expressed on the IPTS— 68.
The dashed lines indicate a deviation of 0.2

TEMPERATURE , °C

Figure 6.2.4. Difference in the thermoelectric voltages for Type J thermocouples — comparison of
values given in this Monograph to those given in NBS Circular 561.

Values from the previous standard are adjusted to the IPTS— 68. The dashed lilies indicate a deviation of % "C.

106

6.3. Reference Functions and Tables for
Type J Thermocouples

The coefficients for the seventh degree expansion for
the thermoelectric voltage of Type J thermocouples
below 760 °C are given in table 6.3.1. The coefficients
for the fifth degree expansion above 760 °C are also
given in table 6.3.1. The errors caused by reduced bit
arithmetic for calculating values of the functions are
given in table 6.3.4.

-0.4 0 0.4 0.8 1.2x10"

TEMPERATURE ."C

Figure 6.3.1. Thermoelectric voltage for Type J thermo-
couples.

The circles indicate values at various tbermometric fixed points on the
IPTS-68.

151 I \ I I I I I i ,

-0.4 0 0.4 0.8 1.2x10

TEMPERATURE ,°C
Figure 6.3.2. Seebeck coefficient for Type J thermocouples.

The circles indicate values at various thermometric fixed points on the
IPTS-68.

The primary reference values for Type J thermo-
couples are given in table 6.3.2. Values at selected
fixed points are given in table 6.3.3. Graphs of the
thermoelectric voltage, its first derivative (Seebeck
coefficient), and second derivative are given in figures
6.3.1, 6.3.2, and 6.3.3, respectively.

Values above 760 °C are given as a guide
only: thermoelectric properties of Type J ther-
mocouples are not stable above 760 °C and the
thermocouple should NOT be considered to be
a standardized type above this temperature.

Table 6.3.1. Power series expansion for the
thermoelectric voltage of Type J thermocouples

Tempera-

ture

range

Degree

Loeincients

Term

-210 to

7

5.0372753027 X 10^

T

760 °C

3.0425491284 X lO'^

J'2

-8.5669750464 X 10"^

1.3348825735 X 10"'

T*

-1.7022405966 X IQ-i"

1.9416091001 X 10-15

-9.6391844859 X lO-i'

760 to

5

2.9721751778 X 10^

1200 °C

-1.5059632873 X 10^

T

3.2051064215

-3.2210174230 X lO"'

T3

1.5949968788 X 10-«

Ti

-3.1239801752 X IQ-"

032 1 ^ ^ ^ r

■ 0.08 I I I I I 1_ I I I 3

-0.4 0 OA 0.8 1.2x10

TEMPERATURE,°C

Figure 6.3.3. Second derivative of thermoelectric voltage for
Type J thermocouples.

The circles indicate values at various tbermometric fixed points on the
IPTS-68.

107

Table 6.3.2. Type J thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C

1

c
C,

•c

— i U

— 80 9 5 • 6

-209

-8076.3

-208

-8056.8

-207

-8037.0

-206

-8016.9

-205

-7996.5

-204

-7975.8

-203

-7954.9

-202

-7933.7

-201

-7912.2

-200

-7890.5

S dS/dT

^V/'C nV/"C^

19.126 283.95

19,409 282.06

19.690 280.19

19.969 278.32

20.247 276.47

20.522 274.63

20.796 272.79

21.068 270.97

21.338 269.17

21.606 267.37

21.873 265.58

T E

-200 -7890.5

-199 -7868.5

-198 -7846.2

-197 -7823.7

-196 -7800.9

-195 -7777.8

-194 -7754.5

-193 -7730.9

-192 -7707.1

-191 -7683.1

-190 -7658.7

S dS/dT

21,873 265.58

22,137 263,80

22.400 262.04

22.662 260.28

22.921 258.54

23.179 256.80

23.435 255.08

23.689 253.37

23.941 251,66

24,192 249,97

24,441 248.29

T E

-190 -7658,7

-189 -7634,2

-188 -7609.4

-187 -7584,3

-186 -7559,0

-185 -7533,5

-184 -7507,7

-183 -7481,7

-182 -7455,4

-181 -7428,9

-180 -7402.2

S dS/dT

24.441 248.29

24.689 246.61

24.934 244.95

25.179 243.30

25.421 241.66

25,662 240.02

25.901 238.40

26,139 236,79

26,375 235.19

26.609 233.59

26.842 232,01

108

Table 6.3.2. Type J thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C — -Continued

T

E

s

dS/dT

T

E

"C

nV/^C

•c

— 180

— 7A02 • 2

26 . 842

232.01

- 1 20

— 5426 * 0

— 1 79

—7375 • 2

27.073

2 3 0 • 44

— 1 1 9

—5387. 7

-178

-7348.0

27.303

228.87

-118

-5349.3

-177

-7320.6

27.531

227.32

-117

-5310.6

— i f O

7 9 O "3 n

9 7 "Tt; 7

9 0 C -7-7

_ 1 1 A

_ R 9 7 1 0

1 "7 C

7 9 A ^ T

9 7 O ft 9

— Tic;

— i. 1 D

_ 1 yj,

~ ± 1 *T

— 72 3 7 • 0

9ft 9 n A

999 71

— 1 1 4

—5193.9

-173

-7208.7

28.428

221,19

-113

-5154.7

-172

-7180.2

28.648

219.68

-112

-5115.3

— 171

7 1 C 1 /■
— / i 3 i » *+

28 . 867

218,18

111
— 111

— 50 75 # 8

— 1 70

— ( 1 t ^1 • *♦

29.085

216,69

— J. i u

— 50 36 . 2

— 1 69

— 7093 • 2

29,301

215,21

1 no

— i U 7

—4996.4

-168

-7063.8

29,515

213,74

-108

-4956.5

-167

-7034.2

29,728

212,28

-107

-4916.4

i DO

— 7004 . 4

29 • 940

210*83

— 1 AA
lUo

_ A ft 7 A 9

— 165

-6974. 3

30 .150

209, 38

— 105

-4835 . 9

— 164

—6944 • 1

30.3 58

207. 94

— 104

—4795 . 4

-163

-6913.6

30.566

206*52

-103

-4754.8

-162

-6882.9

30.771

205.10

-102

-4714.0

-161

-6852 • 1

30 • 976

2 03.69

- 1 0 1

—4673 . 1

— 1 60

-682 1 .0

31.179

202 .29

— 1 00

—4632 • 1

— 1 5 9

—6789 . 7

-J X • J 0\J

200. 90

— 99

_At;qn Q

-158

-6758.2

31,581

199,51

-98

-4549,7

-157

-6726.6

31,779

198.14

-97

-4508.2

—6694 . 7

"3 1 Q 7 7

1 OA 77
1 7 0 • 1 I

— OA

70

— /•AAA 7

— 155

\J *J O C. . D

32.173

195 .41

—95

— 442 5 . 0

— 1 54

—6630 • 3

32*368

1 94 .06

— 94

—4383.2

-153

-6597.9

32.561

192,72

-93

-4341,3

-152

-6565.2

32.753

191.38

-92

-4299,3

— 151

—6532 . 4

32 . 944

1 90 .06

— 9 1

—4257, 1

-150

-6499,3

33.133

1 88 . 74

-90

—4214, 8

— 149

— 6466 . 1

33 • 3 2 1

187.43

— 89

—4172,4

-148

-6432.7

33.508

186. 13

-88

-4129,8

-147

-6399.1

33.694

184.84

-87

-4087, 1

— 146

— 6365 . 3

33 • 8 78

183.55

— 86

— 4044 * 4

-145

-6331.3

34 • 06 1

182.28

-85

—400 1*4

— 144

— D i 7 f . ^;

1 0 X . u 1

— 84

_ "3 0 c; 0 A
J 7 ^ 0 * t

-143

-6262.8

34,^23

179.75

-83

-3915,3

-142

-6228,3

34,602

178.49

-82

-3872.0

— 141

—6193,6

"XIl 7 ft n

if 1*^3

— ft 1

^0 Q 9 Q A
J 0 ^ 0 • 0

— 140

—6158,8

34 .956

1 7 A m

— ft n

— ou

— .9 f 0 :> * ^

— 1 3 9

—6123,7

.3 -J . 1 J t

— 79

-138

-6088,5

35.306

173.55

-78

-3697.8

-137

-6053,1

35.479

172.34

-77

-3654.0

— i

35.651

17 1 TO
1 / 1 . 1 J

— 76

— 3610. 1

R Q R 1 Q
— P 7 O 1 . O

35.821

169 ,93

— 75

— 3566 . 0

35 • 990

168. 74

— 74

—3521.8

-133

-5909.8

36.159

167. 55

-73

-3477.6

-132

-5873.6

36.326

166.37

-72

-3433.2

— 131

— 5837 » 2

36.491

165.20

— 71

—3388 . 7

— 1

— R ft n n A

A A ^ A

164.04

— 7 A

_ "a a A A T

— 1 C 7

—5763 9

■a A Q 1 Q
JJO • 0 1 7

1 A 9 Q Q

_ A 0
— D 7

• It 000 A
— J ^ V7 « t

-128

-5727!o

36,982

161.73

-68

-3254.6

-127

-5689.9

37,143

160. 59

-67

-3209.7

-126

-5652.7

37.303

159.^6

-66

-3164. 7

-125

-5615.3

37,462

158.33

-65

-3119.6

-124

-5577.8

37.620

157.21

-64

-3074.3

-123

-5540. 1

37.776

156.09

-63

-3029.0

-122

-5502.2

37.932

154.99

-62

-2983.6

-121

-5464.2

38.086

153.88

-61

-2938.1

-120

-5426.0

38.240

152.79

-60

-2892.5

s

dS/dT

T

E

s

dS/dT

fiWC

fiWC

nV/'C

■3 ft 9 i n

1 R 7 * 7Q
1 P ^ * f 7

0 U

—2892.5

4 5*669

98.27

ft "2 0 9

151 .70

— 59

— 2846* 7

4 5* 767

9 7*53

38.543

150.63

-58

-2800.9

45.864

96.79

38.693

149.55

-57

-2755.0

45.961

96.05

ft Q A 9

148 .49

— RA

— ->o

— A f U 7 • u

46*056

95*32

3 8.990

147.43

— 5 5

—2662.9

46 . 151

Q /i Q
7 f * 9 7

■3 0 1 "a 7

1 A A "3 7

— S A

— 3 H

—2616.7

46 * 245

93*87

39.283

145,33

-53

-2570.4

46*339

93.15

39.428

144.29

-52

-2524.0

46*432

92*43

■a q c, 7 1

143.25

— 2477 . 5

46 * 524

91*72

39*714

142.22

— 50

—2431*0

/j A A 1

Q 1 n 9
7 i • (J <i

39.856

14 1*20

—49

9 ■a ft /i 1

A A 7 n A

On "3 9
7U * J <i

39,996

140.19

-48

-2337.6

46.796

89.62

40.136

139.18

-47

-2290.7

46.885

88.93

An 97c,

138.18

—46

—2243.8

46.974

8 8*24

Ar\ * A 1

137.18

—2 196.8

4 7.062

8 7*56

4 0 • 5 4 9

1 a A . 1 0
J. 9 0 * 1 7

— A A

— 91 /iQ - 7
^ 1 H 7 • 1

4 7. 149

86*88

40.685

135.21

-43

-2102.5

47.235

86.21

40.820

134.23

-42

-2055.2

47.321

85.54

40 * 9 5 3

133.26

-4 1

—2 007 . 8

4 7.406

84.87

41*086

13 2*30

— 40

— 1960 • 4

4 7. 49 1

84.21

41.218

131. 34

—39

—1912.9

47. 575

8 3,55

41.349

130.39

-38

-1865.2

47.658

82.90

41.479

129.44

-37

-1817.5

47.741

82.25

41.608

128.50

— 36

—1769.8

4 7.823

81*60

41 7 A

127. 56

-> 13

—1721.9

4 7.904

ft n Q A
0 u . 7 0

41.863

126.63

— 34

-1673.9

4 7.985

ft n 9
0 u • 9

41.989

125.71

-33

-1625.9

48.065

79.69

42.114

124.79

-32

-1577.8

48. 144

79.06

4 2.239

12 3.88

— 31

—15 29.6

48.223

78.43

42 .362

122,98

-30

—1481,4

4 8.301

77.81

42.48 5

122,08

-29

—1433,0

48,3 78

77.19

42.606

121.18

-28

-1384.6

48,455

76.58

42.727

120.29

-27

-1336, 1

48,531

75.97

42.847

119.41

-26

—1287,6

48, 607

75.36

42 .966

118.53

—2 5

—1238,9

48 • 682

74 76

^ -3 . U OH

117.66

-24

J. 1 — u • ^

4 8,757

74 16

43 .201

116.79

-2 3

—114 1,4

4 8,830

73.56

43.317

115.93

-22

-1092,5

48,904

72.97

43.433

115.07

-21

-1043.6

48,976

72.38

43.548

114.22

-20

-994.6

49,049

71.80

43.661

113.37

-19

-945.5

49, 120

71.22

43.774

112.53

-18

-896.3

49, 191

70.64

43.886

111.70

-17

-847. 1

49,261

70.07

43.998

110.87

-16

-797.8

49,331

69.50

44. 108

110.04

-15

-748.4

49.400

68.93

44.218

109.22

-14

-699.0

49.469

68.37

44.327

108.41

-13

-649.5

49.537

67.81

44.435

107.60

-12

-599.9

49.605

67.26

44.542

106.80

-11

-550.3

49.672

66.70

44.648

106.00

-10

-500.6

49.738

66.15

44.754

105.20

-9

-450.8

49.804

65.61

44.859

104.41

-8

-401.0

49,869

65.07

44.963

103.63

-7

-351.1

49,934

64.53

45.066

102.85

-6

-301.1

49,998

63.99

45.168

102.07

-5

-251.1

50,062

63.46

45.270

101.30

-4

-201.0

50.125

62.93

45.371

100.54

-3

-150.8

50. 188

62.41

45.471

99.78

-2

-100.6

50.250

61.89

45.571

99.02

-1

-50.3

50.312

61.37

45.669

98.27

0

0.0

50.373

60.85

109

Table 6.3.2. Type J thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

C

0

0.0

1

50.4

2

100.9

3

151.4

4

202.0

5

252.6

6

303.3

7

354. 1

8

404.9

9

455.8

10

506.7

11

557.7

12

608.7

13

659.8

14

711.0

15

762.2

16

813.4

17

864 . 7

18

916.1

19

967.5

^o

1019.0

21

1070.5

22

1122.0

23

1173.7

24

1225.3

25

1277.0

26

1328.8

27

1380.6

28

1432.5

29

1484.4

30

1536.4

31

1588.4

32

1640 . 4

33

1692.5

34

1744.6

35

1796.8

36

1849.1

37

1901 . 3

38

1953.7

39

2006.0

40

2058.4

41

2110.9

42

2 1 6 3 • A

43

2215.9

44

2268.5

45

2321.1

46

2373.8

47

2426.4

46

2479.2

49

2532.0

50

2584.8

51

2637.6

52

2690 . 5

53

2743.5

54

2796.4

5'5

2849.4

56

2902.5

57

2955.5

58

3008.7

59

3061.8

60

3115.0

S dS/dT

50.373 60.85

50.433 60.34

50.493 59.83

50.553 59.32

50.612 58.82

50.671 58.32

50.729 57.82

50.786 57.33

50.843 56.84

50.900 56.35

50.956 55.87

51.012 55.39

51.067 54.91

51.122 54.43

51.176 53.96

51.229 53.49

51.283 53.02

51.335 52.56

51.388 52.10

51.440 51.64

51.491 51.19

51.542 50.73

51.593 50.28

51.643 49.84

51.692 49.39

51.741 48.95

51.790 48.51

51.838 48.08

51.886 47.64

51.934 47.21

51.981 46.78

52.027 46.36

52.073 45.94

52.119 45.52

52.164 45.10

52.209 44.69

52.254 44.27

52.298 43.86

52.342 43.46

52.385 43.05

52.428 42.65

52.470 42.25

52.512 41.85

52.554 41.46

52.595 41.07

52.636 40.68

52.676 40.29

52.717 39.90

52.756 39.52

52.796 39.14

52.835 38.76

52.873 38.39

52.911 38.02

52.949 37.65

52.987 37.28

53.024 36.91

53.060 36.55

53.097 36.18

53.133 35.83

53.168 35.47

53.204 35.11

T

E

"C

uV

r

60

3115.0

61

3168.2

62

3221.5

63

3274.8

64

3328. 1

65

3381.4

66

3434.8

67

3488. 3

68

3541.7

69

3595.2

70

3648.7

71

3702.3

72

3755.9

73

3809.5

74

3863. 1

75

3916.8

76

3970.5

77

4024. 3

78

4078.0

79

4131.8

80

4185.6

81

4239.5

8 2

42 93 . 4

83

4347.3

84

4401.2

85

4455.2

86

4509.2

87

4563.2

88

4617.2

89

4671.3

90

4725.4

91

4779.5

92

4833. 7

93

4887.8

94

4942.0

95

4996.2

96

5050.5

97

5104.8

98

5159.0

99

5213.4

100

5267.7

101

5322. 1

10 2

5376.4

103

5430.8

104

5485.3

105

5539.7

106

5594.2

107

5648 . 7

108

5703.2

109

5757.7

110

5812.3

111

5866.8

112

5921.4

113

5976.0

114

6030.7

115

6085. 3

116

6140.0

117

6194.6

113

6249.4

119

6304. 1

120

6358.8

S dS/dT

53.204 35.11

53.239 34.76

53.273 34.41

53.308 34.06

53.341 33.72

53.375 33.37

53.408 33,03

53.441 32.69

53.474 32.35

53.506 32.02

53.538 31.68

53.569 31.35

53.600 31.02

53.631 30.70

53.662 30.37

53.692 30.05

53.722 29.73

53.751 29.41

53.781 29.09

53.810 28.78

53.838 28.46

53.866 28.15

53.894 27.84

53.922 27.54

53.950 27.23

53.977 26.93

54.003 26.63

54.030 26.33

54.056 26.03

54.082 25.73

54.107 25.44

54.133 25.15

54.158 24.86

54.183 24.57

54.207 24.28

54.231 24.00

54.255 23.72

54.279 23.44

54.302 23.16

54.325 22.88

54.348 22.61

54.370 22.33

54.392 22.06

54.414 21.79

54.436 21.52

54.457 21.25

54.478 20.99

54.499 20.73

54.520 20.47

54.540 20.21

54.560 19.95

54.580 19.69

54.600 19.44

54.619 19.18

54.638 18.93

54.657 18.68

54.675 18.44

54,694 18.19

54.712 17,94

54.730 17,70

54.747 17.46

T

E

"C

120

6358.8

121

6413.6

122

tj *+ o o . J

123

6523.1

124

6577.9

125

6632.8

126

66 8 7.6

12 7

6742 . 5

128

6797.3

129

6852.2

130

6907.1

131

6962.0

132

7017.0

133

7071.9

134

7126.9

135

7181.8

136

7236.8

137

7291 . 8

138

7346.9

139

7401.9

140

7456.9

141

7512.0

142

7 567. 1

143

7622.1

144

7677.2

145

7732.3

146

7787.5

147

7842 •6

148

7897,7

149

7952.9

150

8008. 1

151

8063.2

152

8118.4

153

8173.6

154

8228.8

155

8284.0

156

8339.3

157

8394. 5

158

8449.7

159

8505.0

160

8560.3

161

8615.5

1 D (1

ft A 7n ft

163

8726. 1

164

8781.4

165

8836.7

166

8892.0

167

8947.4

168

9002.7

169

9058.0

170

9113.4

171

9168,7

172

9224.1

173

9279.5

174

9334.8

175

9390.2

176

9445.6

177

9501.0

178

9556,4

179

9611.8

180 9667.2

S dS/dT

bt*,lM 17.46

54.764 17.22

54.782 16.98

54.798 16.75

54.815 16.51

54.831 16.28

54.848 16.05

54.864 15.81

54.879 15.59

54.895 15.36

54.910 15.13

54.925 14.91

54.940 14.69

54.954 14.47

54.969 14.25

54.983 14.03

54.997 13.81

55.010 13.60

55.024 13.38

55.037 13.17

55.050 12.96

55.063 12.75

55.076 12.55

55.088 12.34

55.100 12.14

55.113 11.93

55.124 11.73

55.136 11.53

55.147 11.33

55,159 11.14

55.170 10.94

55.181 10.75

55.191 10.55

55.202 10.36

55.212 10.17

55.222 9.98

55.232 9.80

55.242 9.61

55.251 9.43

55.260 9.25

55.270 9.06

55.279 8.88

55.287 8.71

55.296 8,53

55.304 8.35

55.313 8.18

55.321 8.00

55.329 7.83

55.336 7.66

55.344 7,49

55.351 7.33

55.359 7.16

55.366 6.99

55.373 6.83

55.379 6.67

55.386 6.51

55,392 6.35

55.399 6.19

55.405 6.03

55.411 5.88

55.417 5.72

110

Table 6.3.2. Type J thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

•c

1 Rn

9667 • 2

i o 1

182

9778.1

183

9833.5

9888*9

185

994^ , 4

186

9999.8

187

10055.3

188

10110.7

189

101 - P

190

10221 . 7

191

10277. 1

192

10332.6

193

10388.1

194

10443 ,6

195

10499 . 0

196

10 554.5

197

10610.0

198

10665.5

199

1072 1.0

200

10776. 5

201

10832.0

202

10887.5

203

10943.0

20A

10998 . 5

205

1 1054. 1

206

1 1109 . 6

207

11165.1

208

11220.6

209

1 12 76 . 1

11331.7

11387.2

212

11442.7

213

11498.2

1 X J . o

O 1 P,

11609.3

^ 1 O

i 1 oof . o

217

11720.4

218

11775.9

219

X 1 o I • 4

? 5 r»
t z u

1 1 ft R7 C\

C.C.L

222

11998.0

223

12053.6

224

12109.1

225

12164.7

226

12220.2

227

12275.7

228

12331.3

229

12386.8

12442 .4

231

12497. 9

232

12553.4

233

12609.0

234

12664.5

235

12720.0

236

12775.6

237

12831.1

238

12886.6

239

12942.2

240

12997.7

s

dS/dT

55 • ^ 1 7

5 • 72

^ . CI 7
-) • 3 f

55.428

5.42

55.433

5.27

55 .438

55 . 443

4.97

55.448

4.82

55.453

4.68

55.458

4.54

55 . 462

4. 39

55 .466

4.25

55.470

4.11

55.475

3.97

55.478

3.84

55.482

3.70

55.486

3.56

55 .489

3.43

55.493

3.30

55.496

3.17

55 . 499

3.04

55 . 502

2.91

55 . 505

2.78

55.508

2.66

55.510

2,53

55. 513

2.41

55.515

2.29

55.517

2.17

55.519

2.05

55.521

1.93

55.52 3

1.81

55.525

1 . 69

55.527

1.58

55.528

1.47

55.530

1.35

5 5 s 5 3 1

X • c

D 3 • !>

1 • 13

-> • i> 3^

1 • 03

55.534

0.92

55.535

0.81

55.536

0.71

55 . 536

n * An
U . ou

55.5 37

0.50

55.537

0.40

55.538

0.30

55.538

0.20

55.538

0.11

55.538

0.01

55.538

-0.09

55.538

-0.18

55.538

-0.27

55.5 37

—0 .36

55.5 37

—0.45

55. 537

-0 . 54

55.536

-0.63

55.535

-0.72

55.535

-0.80

55.534

-0.88

55.533

-0.97

55.532

-1.05

55.531

-1.13

55.529 -1.21

T

E

•c

240

12997, 7

7^1

1 o r\ K -a 9

242

13108.7

243

13164.3

244

13219.8

245

13275.3

246

13330.8

247

13386,4

248

13441,9

249

1 3497 . 4

2 50

13552.9

251

13608.4

252

13663.9

253

13719.4

254

13775.0

255

13830. 5

256

13886.0

257

13941,5

258

13997,0

2 59

14052 , 5

260

14107.9

261

14163 . 4

262

14218.9

263

14274.4

264

14329.9

265

14385.4

266

14440 . 8

267

14496.3

268

14551.8

269

1460 7.3

270

14662 . 7

271

14718. 2

272

14773.6

273

14829.1

2 74

i **-0 OH . O

"5 7 *i

1 /. o /i n n

X 'fV'f u • u

77A
CIO

]_ ^995 , 4

277

15050.9

278

15106.3

■5 TO

1 5 1 0 i , o

280

15217.2

2 81

15272 . 6

282

15328. 1

283

15383.5

284

15438.9

285

15494.3

286

15549.7

287

15605. 1

288

15660.5

289

15715.9

290

15771.3

291

15826.7

292

15882. 1

293

15937.5

294

15992.9

295 16048,3

296 16103.6

297 16159.0

298 16214.4

299 16269.7

300 16325.1

S dS/dT

55.529 -1,21

55.528 -1.29

55.527 -1.36

55.526 -1.44

55.524 -1.51

55.522 -1.59

55.521 -1.66

55,519 -1.73

55.517 -1.80

55.516 -1.87

55.514 -1.93

55.512 -2.00

55.510 -2.06

55.508 -2.13

55.505 -2.19

55.503 -2.25

55.501 -2.31

55.499 -2.37

55.496 -2.43

55.494 -2,48

55.491 -2.54

55.489 -2.59

55.486 -2.64

55.483 -2.70

55.481 -2.75

55.478 -2.79

55.475 -2.84

55.472 -2.89

55.469 -2.93

55.466 -2.98

55.463 -3.02

55.460 -3.06

55.457 -3.11

55.454 -3.14

55.451 -3.18

55.448 -3.22

55.444 -3.26

55.441 -3.29

55.438 -3.32

55.435 -3.36

55.431 -3.39

55.428 -3.42

55.424 -3.45

55.421 -3.48

55.417 -3.50

55.414 -3.53

55.410 -3.55

55.407 -3.57

55.403 -3.60

55.400 -3.62

55.396 -3.64

55.392 -3.65

55.389 -3.67

55.385 -3.69

55.381 -3.70

55.378 -3.72

55.374 -3.73

55.370 -3.74

55.366 -3.75

55.363 -3.76

55.359 -3.76

T

E

•c

D\J\J

16325. 1

301

1 A "^1 ft n - ^

302

16435.8

303

16491.2

->

1 A<^6.A. *3

305

i6/=»n 1-9

306

16657.2

307

16712.5

308

16767.9

309

168 23.2

310

16878. 5

311

16933 . 8

312

16989.1

313

17044.5

314

1 7099 * 8

315

17155, 1

316

17210.4

317

17265.7

318

17321.0

319

17 376.2

320

1743 1,5

321

17486 . 8

322

17542.1

323

17597.4

324

17652 .6

325

17707.9

326

17763 « 2

327

17818.4

328

17873.7

329

17928 . 9

? r\

J J U

17984.2

J D X

X O U J 7 . •+

332

18094.7

333

18149.9

1 ft 9 n £^ 9

X o ^ u r> . £

D DO

1 ft 9 An Zl
J. O c O U • H

3 36

18315*6

337

18370.8

338

18426.1

J> J V

1 R Aft 1

340

185 36.5

341

18591 .7

342

18646.9

343

18702.1

344

18757,3

345

18812,5

346

18867.7

347

18922.9

348

18978.1

349

19033 . 3

3 50

19088.5

351

19143.7

352

19198.9

353

19254.1

354

19309.2

355

19364.4

356

19419.6

357

19474.7

358

19529.9

359

19585. 1

360

19640.2

s

dS/dT

I? 1/ . J -J "

— "K 7A

-> -) • .3 P 3

"a 77

55.351

-3.78

55.348

-3.78

5 5, 344

— 3.78

5 5. 340

-3 . 79

5 5 . 336

— 3.79

55.332

-3.78

55.329

-3.78

5 5.325

-3,78

5 5.321

— 3 . 78

55. 317

-3 . 77

55.314

-3.76

55.310

-3.76

5 5. 306

— 3.75

5 5,302

-3 . 74

5 5,299

— 3.73

55.295

-3.71

55.291

-3.70

5 5.287

—3 .69

5 5.2 84

— 3 • 67

55.280

-3.65

55.276

-3.63

55.273

-3.61

5 5.269

— 3 .59

55.266

-3.57

5 5. 262

— 3.55

55.259

-3,52

55.255

-3.50

t C T C 9

— J . H f

5 5 248

— Zl^
"~ 5 . H :J

55,241

-3.39

55,238

-3.36

9 Q ^

Oz> % c. dO

a "3 ^9

5 5^231

— 3 • 29

R 9 "5 fl
OO • C£-fi

— 3*26

55,225

-3.22

55.221

-3.18

15 , <1 X O

— Q 1 A

— J • X

5 5.215

J . X X

5 5.212

OA

55.209

-3.02

55.206

-2.98

55.203

-2 .94

5 5. 200

— 2.89

55.197

-2.85

55. 195

-2.80

55.192

-2.75

55. 189

— 2 . 70

5 5.186

— 2 .65

5 5.1 84

— 2 . 60

55.181

-2.54

55, 179

-2.49

55. 176

-2 .43

55. 174

-2.38

55.171

-2,32

55.169

-2,26

55. 167

-2.20

55.165

-2.14

55.163

-2.08

111

Table 6.3.2. Type J thermocouples— thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seeheck ^coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C— Continued

T
"C

360
361
362
363
364

E

/xV

19640.2
19695.4
19750.6
19805.7
19860.9

s

55.163
55.161
55.159
55.157

55.155

dS/dT

-2.08
-2.02
-1.95
-1.89
-1.82

T
"C

420
421
422
423
424

E

mV

22949.1
23004.3
23059,5
23114.7
23169.9

s

55.190
55.194
55.198
55.202
55.206

dS/dT

3.64
3.77
3.90
4.02
4.15

T
»C

480
481
482
483
484

E

26272.1
26327.8
26383.5
26439.2
26494.9

s

55.667
55.680
55.693
55.706
55.720

dS/dT
nW(?

12.73
12.90
13.08
13.25
13.43

365
366
367
368
369

19916.0
19971.2
20026.3
20081.5
20136.6

55. 153
55.151
55.150
55.148
55.147

■1.75
-1 .68
-1.61
-1.54
-1.47

42 5
426
427
428
429

23225.1
23280.3
23335.5
23390.8
23446.0

55.210
55.215
55.219
55.224
55.228

4.28
4.42
4.55
4.68
4.82

485
486
487
488
489

26550.6
26606.4
26662.1
26717.9
26773.7

55.733
55.747
55.761
55.775
55.789

13.60
13.78
13.95
14.13
14.31

370
371
372
373
374

20191.8
20246.9
20302.1
20357.2
20412.3

55.145
55. 144
55.142
55.141
55. 140

-1 .40
-1.32
-1.25
-1.17
-1.09

430
431
432
433
434

23501.2
23556.5
23611.7
23666.9
23722.2

55.233
55.238
55.243
55.249
55.254

4.95
5.09
5.22
5.36
5.50

490
491
492
493
494

26829.5
26885.3
26941.1
26996.9
27052.8

55.804
55.818
55.833
55.848
55.863

14.49
14.66
14.84
15.02
15.20

375
376
377
378

379

20467.5
20522.6
20577.8
20632.9
20688.0

55.139
55.138
55. 137
55.136
55.136

-1.01
-0.93
-0.85
-0.77
-0.69

435
436
437
438
439

23777.5
23832.7
23888.0
23943.3
23998.5

55.260
55.265
55.271
55.277
55.283

5.64
5.78
5.92
6.06
6.21

495
496
497
498
499

27108.7
27164.6
27220.4
27276.4
27332.3

55.878
55.894
55.909
55.925
5 5.941

15.38
15.56
15.74
15.92
16.10

380
381
382
383
384

20743.2
20798.3
20853.4
20908.6
20963.7

55.135
55.135
55.134
55.134
55.133

-0.60
-0.52
-0.43
-0.34
-0.25

440
441
442
443
444

24053.8
24109. 1
24164.4
24219.7
24275.0

55.290
55.296
55.303
55.309
55.316

6.35
6.49
6.64
6.79
6.93

500
501
502
503
504

27388.2
27444.2
27500.2
27556.2
27612.2

55.957
55.974
55.990
56.007
56.024

16.28
16.47
16.65
16.83
17.01

385
386
387
388
389

21018.8
21074.0
21129.1
21184.2
21239.4

55,133
55.133
55. 133
55.133
55.133

-0.16
-0.07
0.02
0.11
0.21

445
446
447
448
449

24330.4
24385.7
24441.0
24496.4
24551.7

55.323
55.330
55.338
55.345
55.353

7.08
7.23
7.38
7.53
7.68

505
506
507
508
509

27668.2
27724.3
27780.4
27836.4
27892.5

56.041
56.058
56.076
56.093
56.111

17.20
17.38
17.56
17.75
17.93

390
391
392
393
394

21294.5
21349.6
21404.8
21459.9
21515.0

55.133
55.134
55.134
55. 135
55.135

0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.69

450
451

452
453
454

24607.1
24662.4
24717.8
24773.2
24828.6

55.361
55.368
55.376

55.385
55.393

7.83
7.99
8.14
8.30
8.45

510
511
512
513
514

27948.7
28004.8
28061.0
28117.1
28173.3

56.129
56. 148
56.166
56.185
56.203

18.12
18.30
18.49
18.67
18.86

395
396
397
398
399

21570,2
21625,3
21680.5
21735.6
21790.7

55.136
55. 137
55.138
55. 139
55. 140

0.80
0.90

00
10

1.21

455
456
457
458
459

24884.0
24939.4
24994,8
25050.2

25105.6

55.402
55.410
55.419
55.428
55.437

8.61
8.76
8.92
9.08
9.24

515
516
517
518
519

28229.5
28285.8
28342.0
28398.3
28454.6

56.222
56.241
56.261
56.280
56.300

19.04
19.23
19.41
19.60
19.79

400
401
402
403
404

21845.9
21901.0
21956.2
22011.3
22066.5

55. 141
55.143
55. 144
55.146
55. 148

1.31
1.42
1.53
1 .64
1.75

460
461

462
463
464

25161. 1
25216.5
25272.0
25327.5
25383.0

55.447
55.456
55.466
55.476
55.486

9.40
9.56
9.72

9.88
10.04

520
521
522
523
524

28510.9
28567.2
28623.6
28679.9
28736.3

56,320
56.340
56,360
56.381
56.401

19.97
20.16
20.34
20.53
20.72

406
406
407
408

409

22121.6
22176.8
22231.9
22287. 1
22342.2

56. 149
56.151
55.153
56. 155
56. 158

1.86
1.97
2.08
2.20

2.31

465
466
467
468
469

25438.4
26493.9
25549.5
25605.0
26660. 6

55.496
55.506
55.516
55.527
66.538

10.21
10.37
10.54
10.70

10.87

525
526
527
528

629

28792.7
28849.2
28905.6
28962. 1
29018.6

66.422
56.443
56.464
56.485
56.507

20.90
21.09
21.28
21.46
21.65

410
411
412
413
414

22397.4
22452.5

22507.7
22562.9
22618.0

55.160
55. 163
55. 165
56.168

55. 171

43
54
66
78
90

470
471
472
473
474

25716. 1
25771.6
25827,2
25882,7
25938.3

55.549
55.560
55.571
56.583
55.694

11.03
11.20
11.37
11.54
11.71

530
531
532
533
534

29075.1
29131 .7
29188.2
29244.8
29301.4

56.529
56.551
56.573
56.595
56.618

21.84
22.02
22.21
22.40

22.58

415
416
417
418
419

22673.2
22728.4
22783.6
22838.7
22893.9

55.174
55.177
55.180
66.183
55.187

02
14
27
39
62

475
476
477
478
479

25993.9
26049.6
26105.2
26160.8
26216.5

55.606
55.618
55.630
56.642
55.655

11.88
12.06
12.22
12.39
12.56

535
536
537
538
539

29358.0
29414.7
29471.4
29528.1
29684.8

56.640
56.663
56.686
56.709
56.733

22.77
22.95
23.14
23.33
23.51

420

22949.1 55.190

3.64

480

26272.1

65.667

12.73

540

29641.5 56.756

23.70

112

Table 6.3.2. Type J thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

op

540

29641,5

541

29698 . 3

542

29755. 1

543

29811.9

544

29868.8

545

29925.6

546

29982 .5

547

30039.4

548

30096.4

549

30153.3

550

30210.3

551

30267.3

552

30324.4

553

30381.4

554

30438.5

555

30495.7

556

30552.8

557

30610.0

558

30667.2

559

30724.4

560

30781.6

561

30838.9

562

30896.2

563

30953.6

564

31010.9

565

31068.3

566

31125.7

567

31183.2

568

31240.7

569

31298.2

570

313 5 5.7

571

31413.3

572

31470.9

573

31528.5

574

31586. 1

575

3 1643 . 8

576

31701.5

577

31759.3

578

31817.1

579

31874.9

580

31932 .7

581

31990.6

582

32048.5

583

32106.4

584

32164.3

585

32222.3

586

32280.3

587

32338.4

588

32396.5

589

32454.6

590

32512.7

591

32570.9

592

32629. 1

593

32687.4

594

32745.7

595

32804.0

596

32862.3

597

32920.7

598

32979. 1

599

33037.6

600 33096.0

S dS/dT

^b.lbb 23.70

56.780 23.88

56.804 24.07

56.828 24.25

5b,Si3 24.44

56.877 24.62

56.902 24.81

56.927 24.99

56.952 25.17

56.977 25.36

57.003 25.54

57.028 25.72

57.054 25.90

57.080 26.08

57.106 26.27

57.133 26.45

57.159 26.63

57.186 26.81

57.213 26.99

57.240 27.16

57.267 27.34

57.295 27.52

57.322 27.70

57.350 27.88

57.378 28.05

57.406 28.23

57.434 28.40

57.463 28.58

57.492 28.75

57.520 28.92

57.549 29.09

57.579 29.27

57.608 29.44

57.637 29.61

57.667 29.78

57.697 29.94

57.727 30.11

57.757 30.28

57.788 30.44

57.818 30.61

57.849 30.77

57.880 30.94

57.911 31.10

57.942 31.26

57.973 31.42

58.005 31.58

58.036 31.74

58.068 31.89

58.100 32.05

58.132 32.21

58.165 32.36

58.197 32.51

58.230 32.66

58.262 32.81

58.295 32.96

58.328 33.11

58.361 33.26

58.395 33.40

58.428 33.55

58.462 33.69

58.496 33.83

T E
"C /iV

600 33096.0

601 33154.5

602 33213.1

603 33271.7

604 33330.3

605 33388.9

606 33447.6

607 33506.3

608

"5 "3 c% £. R 1

609

33623.9

610

33682.7

611

33741.6

612

33800.5

613

1 o o c n y.

3 3859.4

614

33918.4

615

33977.4

616

34036.4

617

34095.5

618

34154.6

619

34213.7

620

34272.9

621

34332 . 1

622

34391.4

623

34450.6

624

34510.0

625

34569.3

626

34628.7

627

34688.2

628

34747.6

629

34807.2

630

34866.7

631

34926.3

632

34985.9

633

35045 . 6

634

35105.3

635

35165.0

636

35224.8

637

35284.6

638

3 5344 . 4

639

35404.3

640

35464.3

641

35524.2

642

35584.2

643

35644 . 3

644

35704.3

645

35764.5

646

35824.6

647

35884.8

648

35945.0

649

36005.3

650

36065.6

651

36126.0

652

36186. 3

653

36246.8

654

36307.2

655

36367.7

656

36428. 3

657

36488.8

658

36549. 5

659

36610. 1

660

36670.8

S dS/dT

58.496 33.83

58.529 33.97

58.564 34.11

58.598 34.25

58.632 34.38

58.666 34.52

58.701 34.65

58.736 34.78

58.771 34.91

58.806 35.04

58.841 35.16

58.876 35.29

58.911 35.41

58.947 35.53

58.982 35.65

59.018 35.77

59.054 35.89

59.090 36.00

59.126 36.11

59.162 36.23

59.198 36.33

59.235 36.44

59.271 36.55

59.308 36.65

59.345 36.75

59.381 36.85

59.418 36.95

59.455 37.04

59.492 37.14

59.529 37.23

59.567 37.32

59.604 37.40

59.642 37.49

59.679 37.57

59.717 37.65

59.754 37.73

59.792 37.80

59.830 37.88

59.868 37.95

59.906 38.01

59.944 38.08

59.982 38.14

60.020 38.20

60.058 38.26

60.097 38.32

60.135 38.37

60.173 38.42

60.212 38.47

60.250 38.52

60.289 38.56

60.328 38.60

60.366 38.64

60.405 38.67

60.443 38.70

60.482 38.73

60.521 38.75

60.560 38.78

60.598 38.80

60.637 38.81

60.676 38.83

60.715 38.84

T

E

660

36670.8

66 1

36731.6

662

36792.3

663

36853.1

664

36914 « 0

665

36974.9

666

37035.8

667

37096.8

668

37157.8

669

37218.8

670

37279.9

671

37341.0

672

37402.2

673

37463.4

674

37524.6

675

37585.9

676

37647.2

677

37708.6

678

37770.0

679

37831.4

680

37892.9

681

37954.4

682

38015.9

683

38077. 5

684

38139.1

685

38200 . 8

686

38262 . 5

687

38324.2

688

38386.0

689

38447, 8

690

38509.7

691

38571,6

692

38633,5

693

38695.4

694

38757.4

695

38819.5

696

38881 .6

697

38943.7

698

39005.8

699

39068.0

700

39130.2

701

39192.5

702

39254.8

703

39317. 1

704

39379. 5

705

39441.9

706

39504.3

707

39566.8

708

39629.3

709

39691,8

710

39754.4

711

39817.0

712

39879.7

713

39942.3

714

40005.0

715

40067.8

716

40130.6

717

40193.4

718

40256.2

719

40319,1

720 40382.0

S dS/dT

^lWC nV/'C^

60.715 38.84

60.754 38.85

60.793 38.85
60.831 38.85
60.870 38.85

60.909 38.84

60.948 38.83

60.987 38.82

61.026 38,81

61.064 38.79

61,103 38.77

61.142 38,74

61.181 38.71

61.219 38.68

61.258 38,64

61,297 38.60

61.335 38.56

61.374 38.51

61.412 38.46

61.451 38.41

61.489 38.35

61.527 38.29

61.566 38.22

61.604 38.15

61.642 38.08

61.680 38.00

61.718 37.92

61.756 37.83

61.794 37.74

61.831 37.65

61.869 37.55

61.906 37.45

61.944 37.34

61.981 37.23

62.018 37.11

62.055 36.99

62.092 36.87

62.129 36.74

62.166 36.61

62.202 36.47

62.239 36.33

62.275 36.18

62.311 36.03

62.347 35.87

62.383 35.71

62.418 35.55

62.454 35.38

62.489 35.20

62.524 35.02

62.559 34.84

62.594 34.65

62.629 34.45

62,663 34.25

62,697 34,04

62,731 33,83

62.765 33.62

62.798 33.40

62.832 33.17
62.865 32.94
62.897 32.70

62.930 32.46

113

Table 6.3.2. Type J thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

s

dS/dT

T

E

S

dS/dT

T

E

s

dS/dT

on

V

/iV

nv/

/IV/ C

nV/"*C

"C

nV/*C^

7 9 n

HU D O ^ » U

62 • 9 -3 0

"5 9 /i

H 1 3 29 # 5

o 3 • 3 oo

2 0 . 1 3

7 n

/i 9 9 H a 9

63. 767

22*41

1 c. 1.

^. n A r»

A. 9 Q 9

■5 9 9 1

' .90

63 • 4 1 4

27.80

7 1

42 347 • 0

6 3. 789

21*98

722

40508.0

62.994

31.96

737

41456.3

63*442

27.45

752

42410*8

63.811

21.53

723

40571.0

63.026

31.70

738

41519.8

63.469

27.11

753

42474.6

63.832

21.08

7 9 Zt

Zi n A A. A

O J • \J ^ O

"5 1 /id
J i . 'f ^

7*50

1 J7

A 1 O ^ ^
1 D o 5 . 5

63 « 496

26 .75

754

42 538*5

0 9 . 0 9 9

9 A "a
<1 0 • 0 9

"7 "3 1;

40697 . 1

63 . 089

31.16

740

41646. 8

63*522

26.39

7 R

4260 2*3

63*873

20.16

726

40760.2

63.120

30. 88

741

41710.3

63* 549

26.02

7 56

42666 • 2

63.893

19*69

727

40823.3

63.151

30.60

742

41773.9

63.574

25.65

757

42730* 1

63*913

19.22

728

40886.5

63.181

30.31

743

41837.4

63.600

25.27

758

42794.1

63.932

18.73

729

40949 . 7

63.211

30.02

744

4190 1.1

63.625

24.88

759

4P ft ^ R « n

63*950

18*24

730

41012.9

63.241

29.72

745

41964.7

63.650

24.48

760

42922.0

63.968

17.74

731

41076.2

63.271

29.42

746

42028.4

63.674

24.08

732

41139.5

63.300

29.10

747

42092.0

63.698

23.68

733

41202.8

63.329

28.79

748

42155.8

63.721

23.26

734

41266.1

63.358

28.46

749

42219.5

63.744

22.84

735

41329.5

63.386

28.13

750

42283.2

63.767

22.41

114

Table 6.3.2. Type J thermocouples extended range — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients,

S(T) , and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients dS/dT,
reference junctions atO°C

T

s

dS/dT

T

s

dS /dT

J

s

dS/dT

"C

fj.W

^ V/ u

nV/°C^

"C

IJ.V

n\//°C^

°C

fxv/ \^

nV/°C^

800

45498

64.616

-0.05

850

48716

63.904

-25.38

801

45562

64.616

-0.74

851

48780

63.878

-25.71

802

45627

64. 6 1 5

-1.43

852

48844

63.852

-26.03

803

45692

64.613

-2.11

853

48908

63.826

-26.34

804

45756

64.610

-2.78

854

48971

63.800

-26.65

805

45821

64.607

-3.44

855

49035

63.773

-26.96

806

45885

64.603

-4.09

856

49099

63.746

-27.25

807

45950

64.5 99

-4.74

857

49163

6 3.718

-27 . 54

808

46015

64. 594

-5.37

858

49226

63.691

-27.82

809

46079

64.588

-6.00

859

49290

63.663

-28.10

810

46144

64.582

-6.62

860

49354

63.634

-28.37

761

42985

64.001

33.86

811

46208

64.575

-7.24

861

49417

63.606

-28.64

762

43049

64 .035

32.81

812

46273

64. 567

— 7 . 84

862

4948 1

63. 577

— 28 . 90

763

43113

64.067

31.78

813

46337

64.559

-8.44

863

49544

63.548

-29.15

764

43178

64.098

30.75

814

46402

64.551

-9.03

864

49608

63.519

-29.40

765

43242

64. 129

29.73

815

46467

64.541

-9.61

865

49671

63.489

-29.64

766

43306

64. 158

28.73

816

46531

64.531

-10.19

866

49735

63.459

-29.88

767

43370

64.186

27.73

817

46596

64.521

-10.75

867

49798

63. 429

-30.11

768

43434

64.213

26.74

818

46660

64.510

-11.31

868

49862

63.399

-30.33

769

43498

64.239

25.76

819

46725

64.498

-11.86

869

49925

63.369

-30.55

770

43563

64.265

24.80

820

46789

64.486

-12.41

870

49989

63.338

-30.76

771

43627

64.289

23.84

821

46854

64.473

-12.94

871

60052

63.307

-30.97

772

43691

64.312

22.89

822

46918

64.460

-13.47

872

501 15

63.276

-31.17

773

43756

64.335

21.95

823

46983

64.447

-13.99

873

50178

63.245

-31.37

774

43820

64.356

21.02

824

47047

64.432

-14.51

8 74

50242

63.213

-31.56

775

43884

64.377

20.09

825

47111

64.418

-15.01

875

50305

63. 182

-31 .74

776

43949

64.397

19.18

826

47176

64.402

-15.51

876

50368

63.150

-31.92

777

440 1 3

64.415

18.28

8 2 7

47240

64 .386

—16.00

8 77

50 431

63. 118

-32 .09

778

44077

64.433

17.38

828

47305

64.370

-16.49

878

50494

63.086

-32.26

779

44142

64.450

16.50

829

47369

64.354

-16.97

879

50557

63.053

-32.42

780

44206

64.466

15.62

830

47433

64.336

-17.44

880

50620

63.021

-32.58

781

44271

64.481

14.76

831

47498

64.319

-17.90

881

50683

62.988

-32.73

782

44335

64.496

13.90

832

47562

64 . 30 1

-18.35

882

50746

62.956

—32 .88

783

44400

64.509

13.05

833

47626

64.282

-18.80

883

50809

62.923

-33.02

784

44464

64.522

12.21

834

47691

64.263

-19.25

884

50872

62.889

-33.16

785

44529

64.533

11.38

835

47755

64.243

-19.68

885

50935

62.856

-33.29

786

44593

64. 544

10.55

836

47819

64.224

-20.11

886

50998

62.823

-33.42

787

44658

64.555

9. 74

837

47883

64.203

-20.53

887

51061

62 . 789

-33.54

788

44723

64.564

8.94

838

47947

64. 183

-20.94

888

51123

62.756

-33.66

789

44787

64.572

8.14

839

48012

64. 161

-21.35

889

51186

62.722

-33.77

790

44852

64.580

7.35

840

48076

64. 140

-21.75

890

51249

62.688

-33.87

791

44916

64.587

6.57

841

48140

64. 118

-22.14

891

51312

62.654

-33.98

792

44981

64. 593

5.80

842

48204

64, 096

-22 .53

892

513 74

62.620

-34.07

793

45045

64.599

5.04

843

48268

64.073

-22.91

893

51437

62.586

-34.16

794

45110

64.603

4.29

844

48332

64.050

-23.28

894

51499

62,552

-34.25

795

45175

64.607

3.55

845

48396

64.026

-23.65

895

51562

62.518

-34.33

796

45239

64.611

2.81

846

48460

64.002

-24.01

896

51624

62.483

-34.41

797

45304

64.613

2.08

847

48524

63.978

-24.36

897

51687

62.449

-34.48

798

45368

64.615

1.36

848

48588

63.954

-24.71

898

51749

62.414

-34.55

799

45433

64.616

0.65

849

48652

63.929

-25.05

899

51812

62.380

-34.62

800

45498

64.616

-0.05

850

48716

63.904

-25.38

900

51874

62.345

-34.67

115

Table 6.3.2. Type J thermocouples extended range — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients,

S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

"C

900

51874

901

51936

902

51999

903

52061

904

52123

905

52185

906

52248

907

52310

908

52372

909

52434

910

52496

911

52558

912

52620

913

52682

914

52744

915

52805

916

52867

917

52929

918

52991

919

53052

920

53114

921

53176

922

53237

923

53299

924

53360

925

53422

926

53483

927

53545

928

53606

929

53667

930

53729

931

53790

932

53851

933

53912

934

53974

935

54035

936

54096

937

54157

938

54218

939

54279

940

54340

941

5440 1

942

54462

943

54523

944

54584

945

54644

946

54705

947

54766

948

54827

949

54887

950

54948

951

55009

952

55069

953

55130

954

55190

955

55251

956

55311

957

55372

958

55432

959

55492

960 55553

S dS/dT

62.345 -34.67

62.310 -34.73

62.276 -34.78

62.241 -34.82

62.206 -34.87

62.171 -34.90

62.136 -34.93

62.101 -34.96

62.066 -34.99

62.031 -35.01

61.996 -35.02

61.961 -35.03

61.926 -35.04

61.891 -35.04

61.856 -35.04

61.821 -35.04

61.786 -35.03

61.751 -35.01

61.716 -35.00

61.681 -34.98

61.646 -34.95

61.611 -34.92

61.576 -34.89

61.541 -34.85

61.507 -34.81

61.472 -34.77

61.437 -34.72

61.402 -34.67

61.368 -34.62
61.333 -34.56

61.299 -34.50

61.264 -34.44

61.230 -34.37

61.195 -34.30

61.161 -34.22

61.127 -34.15

61.093 -34.07

61.059 -33.98

61.025 -33.89

60.991 -33.80

60.957 -33.71

60.924 -33.61

60.890 -33.51

60.857 -33.41
60.823 -33.31

60.790 -33.20

60.757 -33.09

60.724 -32.97

60.691 -32.86

60.658 -32.74

60.625 -32.62

60.593 -32.49

60.560 -32.36

60.528 -32.23

60.496 -32.10

60.464 -31.97

60.432 -31.83

60.400 -31.69

60.369 -31.55
60.337 -31.40

60.306 -31.25

T E

"C /iV

960 55553

961 55613

962 55673

963 55733

964 55794

965 55854

966 55914

967 55974

968 56034

969 56094

970 56154

971 56214

972 56274

973 56334

974 56394

975 56454

976 56514

977 56573

978 56633

979 56693

980 56753

981 56812

982 56872

983 56932

984 56991

985 57051

986 57110

987 57170

988 57229

989 57289

990 57348

991 57408

992 57467

993 57527

994 57586

995 57645

996 57705

997 57764

998 57823

999 57882

1000 57942

1001 58001

1002 58060

1003 58119

1004 58178

1005 58237

1006 58296

1007 58355

1008 58414

1009 58473

1010 58532

1011 58591

1012 56650

1013 58709

1014 58768

1015 58827

1016 58886

1017 58945

1018 59003

1019 59062

1020 59121

S dS/dT

fiWC nV/'C^

60.306 -31.25

60.275 -31.10

60.244 -30.95

60.213 -30.80

60.182 -30.64

60.151 -30.48

60.121 -30.32

60.091 -30.16

60.061 -30.00

60.031 -29.83

60.001 -29.66

59.971 -29.49

59.942 -29.32

59.913 -29.15

59.884 -28.97

59.855 -28.79

59.826 -28.61

59.798 -28.43
59.769 -28.25
59.741 -28.07

59.713 -27.88

59.685 -27.69

59,658 -27.50

59.630 -27.31

59.603 -27.12

59.576 -26.93

59.549 -26.73

59.523 -26.54

59.496 -26.34

59,470 -26.14

59.444 -25.94

59.418 -25.74

59.392 -25.54

59.367 -25.34

59.342 -25.13

59.317 -24.93

59.292 -24.72

59.267 -24.52

59.243 -24.31

59.219 -24.10

59.195 -23.89

59.171 -23.68

59.147 -23.47

59.124 -23,26

59.101 -23.04

59.078 -22.83

59.055 -22.62

59.033 -22.40

59.010 -22.19

58.988 -21.97

58.966 -21.76

58.945 -21,54

58.923 -21.32

58.902 -21.11

58.881 -20.89

58.860 -20.67

58,840 -20.45

58.819 -20.24

58.799 -20.02
58.779 -19.80

58.760 -19.58

T

E

"C

fj. V

1020

59121

1021

59180

1022

59238

1023

59297

1024

59356

1025

59415

1026

59473

1027

59532

1028

59590

1029

59649

1030

59708

1031

59766

1032

59825

1033

59883

1034

59942

1035

60000

1036

60059

1037

60117

1038

60176

1039

60234

1040

60293

1041

60351

1042

60409

1043

60468

1044

60526

1045

60584

1046

60643

1047

60701

1048

60759

1049

60818

1050

60876

1051

60934

1052

60992

1053

61051

1054

61109

1055

61167

1056

612 2 5

1057

61284

1058

61342

1059

61400

1060

61458

1061

61516

1062

61574

1063

61632

1064

61691

1065

61749

1066

61807

1067

61865

1068

61923

1069

61981

1070

62039

1071

62097

1072

62155

1073

62213

1074

62271

1075

62329

1076

62387

1077

62445

1078

62503

1079

62561

1080 62619

S dS/dT

58.760 -19.58

58.740 -19.36

58.721 -19.15

58.702 -18.93

58.683 -18.71

58.665 -18.49

58.646 -18.27

58.628 -18.06

58.610 -17.84

58.592 -17.62

58.575 -17.40

58.558 -17.19

58.540 -16.97

58.524 -16.75

58.507 -16,54

58.490 -16.32

58.474 -16.11

58.458 -15.90

58.442 -15.68

58.427 -15.47

58.412 -15.26

58.396 -15.05

58.381 -14.84

58.367 -14.63

58.352 -14.42

58.338 -14.21

58.324 -14.00

58.310 -13.80

58.296 -13.59

58.283 -13.39

58.269 -13.18

58.256 -12,98

58,243 -12.78

58.231 -12.58

58.218 -12.38

58.206 -12.18

58.194 -11.99

58.182 -11.79

58.170 -11.60

58.159 -11.41

58.148 -11.22

58.136 -11.03

58.125 -10.84

58.115 -10.65

58.104 -10.47

58.094

-10.29

58.084

-10.10

58.074

-9.92

58.064

-9.75

58.054

-9.57

58.045

-9.40

58,035

-9.22

58.026

-9.05

58.017

-8.88

58.008

-8.72

58.000

-8.55

57.991

-8.39

57.983

-8.23

57.975

-8.07

57.967

-7.91

57.959 -7.76

116

Table 6.3.2. Type J thermocouples extended range — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients,

S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T E
•C /iV

1080 62619

1081 62677

1082 62735

1083 62793

1084 62851

1085 62909

1086 62967

1087 63024

1088 63082

1089 63140

1090 63198

1091 63256

1092 63314

1093 63372

1094 63430

1095 63488

1096 63545

1097 63603

1098 63661

1099 63719

1100 63777

1101 63835

1102 63892

1103 63950

1104 64008

1105 64066

1106 64124

1107 64181

1108 64239

1109 64297

1110 64355

1111 64413

1112 64470

1113 64528

1114 64586

1115 64644

1116 64701

1117 64759

1118 64817

1119 64875

1120 64932

c

fjyyc

57.959

-7. 76

57.951

-7.61

57.944

-7.46

57.936

-7.31

57.929

-7.16

57.922

-7.02

57.915

-6.88

57.908

-6.74

57.902

-6,61

57,895

-6.47

57.889

-6.34

57.882

-6.21

57.376

-6.09

57.870

-5.97

57.864

-5 . 84

57.859

-5.73

57.853

-5.61

57.847

-5.50

57.842

-5.39

57.837

-5.29

57.831

-5. 18

57.826

-5.08

57.821

-4.99

57.816

-4.89

57.811

-4.80

57.807

-4.71

57.802

-4.63

57.797

-4.55

57 . 793

-4.47

57.788

-4.39

57.784

-4.32

57.780

-4.25

57.776

-4,19

57.771

-4,12

57.767

-4,07

57.763

-4.01

57.759

-3.96

57.755

-3.91

57.751

-3.87

57.748

-3.83

57,744 -3.79

J

c

u

"C

1120

64932

1121

64990

1122

65048

1123

65106

1124

65163

1125

65221

1126

65279

1127

65337

1128

65394

1129

65452

1130

65510

1131

b556~!

1132

65625

1133

65683

1 134

65741

1135

65798

1136

65856

1137

65914

1138

65971

1139

66029

1 140

66087

1141

66144

1142

66202

1143

66260

1144

66317

1145

66375

1146

66433

1147

66490

1148

66548

1149

66605

1150

66663

1151

66721

1152

66778

1153

66R36

1154

66894

1155

66951

1156

67009

1157

67066

1158

67124

1159

67182

1160 67239

c
o

rf^ /HT

UO / U 1

nV/^C

57.744

-3.79

57.740

-3.76

57,736

-3.73

57,733

-3.70

57.729

-3.68

57.725

-3.66

57.722

-3.65

57.718

-3.64

57.714

-3.63

57.711

-3.63

57.707

-3.63

57.703

-3.64

57.700

-3.65

57.696

-3.66

57,692

-3.68

57.689

-3 . 70

57,685

-3.73

57,681

-3.76

57,677

-3.79

57,674

-3.83

57.670

-3.88

57.666

-3.93

57.662

-3.98

57.658

-4.04

57.654

-4.10

57.650

-4.17

57.646

-4.24

57.641

-4.32

57.637

-4.40

57.632

-4.48

57.628

-4,57

57.623

-4.67

57.619

-4.77

57.614

-4.87

57.609

-4.98

57.604

-5. 10

57.599

-5.22

57.593

-5,34

57.588

-5,48

57.582

-5,61

57.577

-5,75

1160

67239

1161

67297

1162

67354

1163

67412

1164

67469

1165

67527

1166

67585

1167

67642

1168

67700

1169

67757

1170

67815

1171

67872

1172

67930

1173

67987

1174

68045

1175

68102

1176

68160

1177

682 17

1178

68274

1179

68332

1180

68389

1181

68447

1182

68504

1183

68562

1184

68619

1185

68676

1186

68734

1187

68791

1188

68848

1189

68906

1190

68963

1191

69020

1192

69078

1193

69135

1194

69192

1195

69249

1196

69307

1197

69364

1198

69421

1199

69478

1200 69536

S dS/dT

57,577 -5,75

57,571 -5.90

57.565 -6.05

57.559 -6.20

57.553 -6.37

57.546 -6.53

57,539 -6,71

57.533 -6,88

57,526 -7.07

57.519 -7.25

57.511 -7.45

57,504 -7,65

57,496 -7,85

57,488 -8.07

57,480 -8,28

57,471 -8,51

57,463 -8.73

57.454 -8.97

57.445 -9.21

57.435 -9.45

57.426 -9.71

57,416 -9.96

57.406 -10.23

57.396 -10.50

57,385 -1Q,77

57,374 -11,05

57,363 -11,34

57,351 -11.64

57.340 -11.94

57.327 -12,24

57,315 -12.56

57.302 -12,88

57.289 -13.20

57.276 -13.53

57,262 -13,87

57,248 -14,22

57,234 -14,57

57,219 -14,93

57,204 -15,29

57,188 -15,66

57.173 -16.04

117

Table 6.3.3. Thermoelectric values at the fixed points for Type J thermocouples

Temp.

E

S

dS/dT

Fixed point

°C

mV

mV/°C

nV/°C2

Nitrogen TP

-210

002

-8095

7

19

126

283.95

Nitrogen NBP

-195

802

-7796

3

22

972

258.19

Oxygen NBP

-182

962

-7480

7

26

148

236.73

Carbon Dioxide SP

-78

476

-3718

7

43

721

112.93

Mercury FP

-38

862

-1906

3

47

586

83.46

Ice point

0

000

0

0

50

373

60.85

Ether TP

26

870

1373

9

51

832

48.13

Water BP

100

000

5267

7

54

348

22.61

Benzoic TP

122

370

6488

6

54

788

16.89

Indium FP

156

634

8374

3

55

238

9.68

Tin FP

231

9681

12551

7

55

537

-0.54

Bismuth FP

271

442

14742

7

55

459

-3.08

Cadmium FP

321

108

17492

8

55

280

-3.65

Lead FP

327

502

17846

2

55

257

-3.51

Mercury BP

356

660

19456

0

55

170

-2.28

Zinc FP

419

580

22925

9

55

189

3.59

Sulphur BP

444

674

24312

3

55

321

7.03

Cu-Al FP

548

23

30109

5

56

985

25.21

Antimony FP

630

74

34910

8

59

594

37.38

Aluminum FP

660

37

36693

3

60

729

38.84

Silver FP

961

93

55669

60

246

— 30 . 96

Gold FP

1064

43

61716

58

100

-10.39

Copper FP

1084

5

62880

57

926

-7.09

Table 6.3.4. Estimated maximum errors that occur when using reduced-bit arithmetic for the power series
expansion for the thermoelectric voltage of Type J thermocouples

Temperature range

Degree

Estimatec

maximum error in microvolts

12 Bit

16 Bit

24 Bit

27 Bit

36 Bit

-210 to -100 °C

7

3

0.2

<0.1

<0.1

<0.1

-100 to 0°C

7

2

0.1

<0.1

<0.1

<0.1

0 to 200 °C

7

4

0.2

<0.1

<0.1

<0.1

200 to 400 C

7

12

0.3

<0.1

<0.1

<0.1

400 to 600 °C

7

40

0.7

<0.1

<0.1

<0.1

600 to 760 °C

7

80

2

<0.1

<0.1

<0.1

760 to 1000 °C

5

• (*

60

0.3

<1.0

<1.0

1000 to 1200 °C

5

(*)

90

0.3

<1.0

<1.0

*A high-order polynomial with a low-bit machine causes extreme error.

118

6.4. Reference Functions and Tables for the
Positive Thermoelement, Type JP, Iron
Versus Platinum, Pt-67

The coefficients for the seventh degree expansion for
the thermoelectric voltage of Type JP thermoelements
versus Pt-67 below 760 °C are given in table 6.4.1.
The errors caused by using reduced bit arithmetic for
calculating values of the functions are given in table
6.4.4.

1.2x10

-400 - 200 0 200 400

TEMPERATURE °C

600

800

Figure 6.4.1. Thermoelectric voltage for Type JP thermoele-
ments versus platinum, Pt-67.

The circlea indicate values at various thermometric fixed points on the
IPTS-68.

-400

-200 0 200 400

TEMPERATURE °C

600

800

Figure 6.4.2. Seebeck coefficient for Type JP thermoelements

versus platinum, Pt-67.

The circles indicate values at various thermometric fixed points on the
IPTS-68.

The primary reference values for Type JP thermo-
elements versus Pt-67 are given in table 6.4.2. Values
at selected fixed points are given in table 6.4.3.
Graphs of the thermoelectric voltage, its first derivative
(Seebeck coefficient), and second derivative are given
in figures 6.4.1, 6.4.2, and 6.4.3, respectively.

Because of the lack of stability of Type J thermo-
couples above 760 °C, no reference functions are
given for Type JP above 760 °C.

The tables in this section merely give average values
for industrial materials which have a wide variability.
The tables in this section do NOT contain stand-
ardized values. Neither the ASTM nor the ISA
recognize Type JP or JN thermoelements as standard-
ized materials.

024

-0.08

-400 -200 0 200 400

TEMPERATURE,°C

600

900

Figure 6.4.3. Second derivative of thermoelectric voltage for
Type JP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67.

The circlea indicate values at various thermometric fixed points on the
IPTS-68.

Table 6.4.1. Power series expansion for the thermo-
electric voltage of Type JP thermoelements versus
platinum, Pt— 67

Tempera-
ture
range

Degree

Coefficients

Term

-210 to

7

1.7910320204 X 10^

T

760 °C

4.6647761097 X 10"'

-7.1172460609 X 10-^

1.3372217238 X 10"'

T*

-1.5045762690 X 10' ">

1.5339015011 X 10-^'

-7.5257947432 X 10""

r

119

Table 6.4.2. Type JP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67— thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck
coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C

X
1

c

c
o

y

c

c

T
1

c

c

UO '0 1

•c

"C

nV/ "C^

"C

nV/°C^

210

-2560.3

-0.303

207.88

-200

-2553.2

1.693

191.37

-190

-2527.0

3.528

175.81

209

-2560.5

-0.096

206.19

-199

-2551.4

1.883

189.77

-189

-2523.4

3,703

174.31

208

-2560.5

0.110

204.50

-198

-2549.4

2.072

188.18

-188

-2519.6

3.876

172.81

207

-2560.3

0.313

202.82

-197

-2547.3

2.260

186.61

-187

-2515.6

4.049

171.33

206

-2569.9

0.515

201. 16

-196

-2544,9

2.445

185.04

-186

-2511.5

4.219

169.85

205

-2559.2

0.716

199.50

-195

-2542.4

2.630

183.48

-185

-2507.2

4.388

168.38

204

-2558.4

0.914

197.86

-194

-2539.7

2.312

181.93

-184

-2502.7

4,556

166.92

203

-2557.4

1.111

196.22

-193

-2536.8

2.994

180.38

-183

-2498.1

4,722

165.47

202

-2556.2

1.307

194.59

-192

-2533.7

3.173

178.85

-182

-2493.3

4.887

164.02

201

-2554.8

1.501

192.98

-191

-2530.4

3.351

177.33

-181

-2488.3

5.050

162.59

200

-2553.2

1.693

191.37

-190

-2527.0

3.528

175.81

-180

-2483.2

5.212

161.16

120

Table 6.4.2. Type JP thermoelements versus platinum. Pi— 67 — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebcck
coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

..\/

-180

-2483.2

-179

-2477,9

-178

-2472.4

-177

-2466.8

-176

-2461.0

-175

-2465.1

-174

-2449.0

-173

-2442.8

-172

-2436.4

-171

-2429.9

-170

-2423.2

-169

-2416.4

-168

-2409.4

-167

-2402.3

-166

-2395.0

-165

-2387.6

-164

-2380 . 1

-163

-2372.4

-162

-2364.6

-161

-2356.6

-160

-2348.5

-159

-2340.3

-158

-2331.9

-157

-2323.4

-156

-2314.8

-155

-2306. 1

-154

-2297.2

-153

-2288.2

-152

-2279.0

-151

-2269.8

-150

-2260.4

-149

-2250,9

-148

-2241.3

-147

-2231.5

-146

-2221.6

-145

-2211.7

-144

-2201.6

-143

-2191.3

-142

-2181,0

-141

-2170,6

-140

-2160.0

-139

-2149.4

-138

-2138.6

-137

-2127.7

-136

-2116.7

-135

-2105.6

-134

-2094.4

-133

-2083.1

-132

-2071.7

-131

-2060.2

-130

-2048.6

-129

-2036.9

-128

-2025.1

-127

-2013.1

-126

-2001.1

-125

-1989.0

-124

-1976.8

-123

-1964,5

-122

-1952,2

-121

-1939.7

-120

-1927. 1

S dS/dT

5.212 161,16

5,372 159,75

5,532 158,34

5.689 156,94
5.845 155,55

6.000 154,17

6,154 152.79

6.306 151.42

6.457 150.07

6.606 148,72

6.754 147.38

' ^01 146.04

046 144.72

7.190 143.40

7.333 142.09

7.474 140.79

7.615 139.50

7.753 138,21

7,891 136,94

8,027 135,67

8,162 134,41

8,296 133,15

8,429 131,91

8.560 130.67

8.690 129.44

8.819 128.22

8.946 127.00

9.073 125.79

9.198 124.59

9.322 123.40

9.445 122.22

9.566 121,04

9,687 119.87

9,806 118.70

9.924 117.55

10.041 116.40

10.157 115.26

10,272 114.12

10,385 112.99

10.498 111.87

10.609 110.76

10.719 109.65

10.828 108.55

10.936 107.46

11,043 106,38

11.149 105.30

11.254 104.23

11.358 103.16

11.460 102.10

11.562 101.05

11.662 100.01

11.762 98.97

11.860 97.94

11.958 96.91

12.054 95.89

12.149 94.88

12.244 93.87

12.337 92.87

12.430 91.88

12.521 90.89

12.611 89.91

T

E

120

-1927. 1

119

-1914, 5

118

-1901.7

117

-1888,9

116

-1876.0

115

-1863.0

114

-1849,9

113

-1836,7

112

-1823.4

111

-1810. 1

110

-1796.7

109

-1783. 2

108

-1769.6

107

-1755.9

106

-1742.2

105

-1728.4

104

-1714. 5

103

-1700.5

102

-1686.5

101

-1672.4

100

-1658.2

-99

-1643.9

-98

-1629.6

-97

-1615.2

-96

-1600.7

-95

-1586.2

-94

-1571.6

-93

-1556.9

-92

-1542.2

-91

-1527.4

-90

-1512.5

-89

-1497.6

-88

-1482.6

-87

-1467.5

-86

-1452.4

-85

-1437.3

-84

-1422.0

-83

-1406.7

-82

-1391.4

-81

-1376.0

-80

-1360.5

-79

-1345.0

-78

-1329,4

-77

-1313,8

-76

-1298.1

-75

-1282.4

-74

-1266.6

-73

-1250.8

-72

-1234.9

-71

-1219.0

-70

-1203,0

-69

-1186,9

-68

-1170.9

-67

-1154,7

-66

-1138,6

-65

-1122,3

-64

-1106.1

-63

-1089.8

-62

-1073.4

-61

-1057.0

-60 -1040.6

S dS /dT

12.611 89.91

12.701 88.94

12.789 87.97

12.877 87.01

12.963 86.05

13.049 85.11

13.133 84.16

13.217 83.22

13.300 82.29

13.382 81.37

13.463 80.45

13.543 79.54

13.622 78,63

13.700 77.73

13.777 76.83

13.854 75.94

13.929 75.06

14,004 74,18

14,077 73.31

14.150 72.44

14.222 71.58

14.293 70.73

14.364 69.88

14.433 69.03
14,502 68.19

14.570 67.36

14.637 66.53

14.703 65.71

14.768 64.89

14.832 64.08

14,896 63,27

14.959 62.47

15.021 61.68

15.082 60.89

15.143 60.10

15.203 59.32

15.262 58.55

15.320 57.78

15.377 57.02

15.434 56.26

15.490 55.50

15.545 54.75

15.599 54.01

15.653 53.27

15.706 52.54

15.758 51.81

15.809 51.08

15.860 50.36

15.910 49.65

15.959 48.94

16.008 48.23

16.056 47.53

16.103 46.84

16.149 46.15

16.195 45.46

16.240 44.78

16.285 44.10

16.329 43.43

16.372 42.76

16.414 42.10

16.456 41.44

T E

'C /iV

-60 -1040.6

-59 -1024.1

-58 -1007.6

-57 -991.0

-56 -974.4

-55 -957.8

-54 -941.1

-53 -924.4

-52 -907,7

-51 -890.9

-50 -874.1

-49 -857.2

-48 -840.3

-47 -823.4

-46 -806.4

-45 -789.5

-44 -772.4

-43 -755.4

-42 -738.3

-41 -721.2

-40 -704.0

-39 -686.9

-38 -669.7

-37 -652.4

-36 -635.2

-35 -617.9

-34 -600.6

-33 -583.2

-32 -565.9

-31 -548.5

-30 -531.1

-29 -513.6

-28 -496.2

-27 -478.7

-26 -461.2

-25 -443,7

-24 -426.1

-23 -408.6

-22 -391.0

-21 -373.4

-20 -355,7

-19 -338,1

-18 -320.4

-17 -302.8

-16 -285.1

-15 -267.4

-14 -249.6

-13 -231.9

-12 -214.1

-11 -196.4

-10 -178.6

-9 -160.8

-8 -142.9

-7 -125.1

-6 -107.3

-5 -89.4

-4 -71.6

-3 -53.7

-2 -35.8

-1 -17.9

0 0.0

S dS/dT

16.456 41.44

16.497 40.79

16.537 40.14

16.577 39.49

16.616 38.85

16.655 38.21
16.693 37.58
16.730 36.96
16.767 36.33
16,803 35,71

16.838 35.10

16.873 34.49

16.907 33.88

16.941 33.28

16.974 32.68

17.006 32.09

17.038 31.50

17.069 30.91

17.100 30.33

17.130 29.76

17.159 29.18

17.188 28.61

17.216 28.05

17,244 27.49

17.271 26.93

17.298 26.38

17.324 25.83

17.350 25.28

17.375 24.74

17.399 24.20

17.423 23.67

17,447 23,14

17,469 22,61

17,492 22.09

17.514 21.57

17.535 21.06

17.656 20.55
17.676 20.04
17.596 19.53
17.615 19.03

17.634 18.64

17.652 18.04

17.670 17.55

17.687 17.07

17.704 16.59

17.720 16.11

17.736 15.63

17.762 16.16

17.767 14.69

17.781 14.23

17.795 13.76

17.809 13.31

17.822 12.85

17.834 12.40

17.847 11.95

17.858 11.51

17.870 11.06

17.880 10.63

17.891 10.19

17.901 9.76

17.910 9.33

121

Table 6.4.2. Type J P thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67— thermoelectric vohasies, E(T), Seebeck
coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T E
•C /iV

0

0.0

1

17.9

2

35.8

3

53.8

4

"7 1 "7

5

89.7

6

107,6

7

125.6

8

143.5

o
y

10

179.5

11

197.5

12

215.5

13

233.5

1 4

2 51 5

15

269.5

16

287.5

17

305.5

18

323.5

19

3 4 1 » 5

20

359.5

21

377.5

22

395.6

23

413.6

24

431.6

25

449.6

26

467.6

27

486.6

28

503.7

29

521 • 7

30

539.7

31

557.7

32

575.7

33

593.7

34

611.7

35

629.7

36

647.7

37

665.7

38

683.7

39

7 n 1 "7
( U i • f

40

719.6

41

737.6

42

755.6

43

773.5

44

791 . 5

45

809.4

46

827.4

47

845.3

48

863.2

/i o

ft P 1 7

50

899.1

51

917.0

52

934.9

53

952.7

54

970.6

55

988.5

56

1006.3

57

1024.2

58

1042.0

59

1059.8

60

1077.7

s

dS/dT

17.910
17.919
17.928
17.936
17.944

9.33
8.90
8.48
8.06
7.65

17.952

17.965
17.972
17.977

7.23

6,42
6.01
5.61

17.983
17 • 988
17.992
17.997
18.001

5.22

ii. ft 9

4.43
4.04

3.66

18.004
18 •007
18.010
18.012
18.014

3.28
2 • 9 0
2.52
2.15
1.78

18.016

18.018
18.018
18.018

1.41
1 • 04
0.68
0.32
-0.04

18.018
18.018
18.017
18.015
18.014

-0.39
— 0 . 74
-1.09
-1.43
-1.78

18.012

1 Q n 1 n

1 o • U 1 u

18.007
18.004
18.001

-2.11

-2.79
-3.12
-3.45

17.997
1 7 QQ*^
17.989
17.984
17.979

-3.77

-4.42

-4.74
-5.05

17.974

17.963
17.957
17.950

-5.37
" 5 • 68
-5.98
-6.29
-6.59

17.944

17 O "3 7

17.929
17.922
17.914

-6.89
—7. 19
-7.49
-7.78

-8.07

17.905
1 7 007

17.888
17.879
17.870

-8.36

— ft AZi

-8.93
-9.21
-9,49

17.860
17.850
17.840
17.830
17.819

-9,76
-10,04
-10,31
-10.58
-10,84

17.808

-11.11

T

E

"C

fLV

60

1077.7

61

1095.5

62

1113.3

63

1131.0

64

1148.8

66

1166.6

66

L i Ot « J

67

1202.0

68

1219.7

69

1237.5

70

1255.1

1272.8

72

1290.5

73

1308.1

74

1325.8

75

1343.4

7 A

1 O £. 1 .A

1 JO i • u

77

1378.6

78

1396.2

79

1413.7

80

1431.3

D 1
o 1

1448 • 8

82

1466.3

83

1483.8

84

1501.3

85

1518.7

8 6

1 536 • 2

87

1553,6

88

1571.0

89

1588.4

90

1605,8

y I

1623 , 1

92

1640,5

93

1657.8

94

1675.1

95

1692.4

96

1709.7

97

1726.9

98

1744.1

99

1761.3

100

1778.5

IV L

1 70 C\ 7

102

1812,8

103

1830.0

104

1847. 1

105

1864.2

1 Uo

1881 .2

107

1898.3

108

1915,3

109

1932,3

110

1949,3

111

1966,2

112

1983,2

113

2000. 1

114

2017.0

115

2033.8

116

2050.7

117

2067.5

118

2084.3

119

2101, 1

120 2117,8

S dS/dT

/iV/'C nV/»C^

17,808 -11,11

17,797 -11,37

17,785 -11.63

17.773 -11.89

17.761 -12.14

17.749 -12.40

17.737 -12,65

17,724 -12,90

17.711 -13.14

17.698 -13.39

17.684 -13,63

17.670 -13.87

17.656 -14.10

17.642 -14.34

17.628 -14.57

17.613 -14.80

17.598 -15.03

17.583 -15.26

17.568 -15.48

17.552 -15.71

17.536 -15.93

17.520 -16.14

17.504 -16.36

17.487 -16.57

17.471 -16.79

17.454 -17.00

17.437 -17.20

17.419 -17.41

17.402 -17.61

17.384 -17.82

17.366 -18.02

17.348 -18.21

17.330 -18.41

17.311 -18.60

17.293 -18.80

17.274 -18.99

17.255 -19.17

17.235 -19.36

17.216 -19.54

17.196 -19.73

17.176 -19.91

17.156 -20.09

17.136 -20.26

17.116 -20.44

17.095 -20.61

17.075 -20.78

17.054 -20.95

17.033 -21.12

17.012 -21.28

16.990 -21.45

16.969 -21.61

16.947 -21.77

16.925 -21.93

16.903 -22.09

16.881 -22.24

16,859 -22.39

16.836 -22.54

16.814 -22,69

16.791 -22.84

16.768 -22.99

16.745 -23.13

T

E

120

2117,8

121

2134,6

122

2151.3

123

2168.0

124

2184.6

125

2201,3

126

2217,9

127

2234,5

128

2251,0

129

2267.6

130

2284.1

131

2300.6

132

2317.1

133

2333.5

134

2349.9

135

2366.3

? a Q o 7

137

2399.0

138

2415.4

139

2431.7

140

2447,9

141

2464 , 2

142

2480,4

143

2496,6

144

2512.7

145

2528.9

146

2 545.0

147

2561,1

148

2577,1

149

2593.2

150

2609.2

151

262 5.2

152

2641.1

153

2657,0

154

2672.9

155

2688.8

156

2704, 7

157

2720.5

158

2736.3

159

2752.0

160

2767.8

161

2783 . 5

162

2799.2

163

2814.8

164

2830.4

165

2846.0

166

2861.6

167

2877.2

168

2892.7

169

2908.2

170

2923.6

171

2939.0

172

2954.4

173

2969.8

174

2985.2

175

3000,5

176

3015,8

177

3031,0

178

3046.2

179

3061.4

180 3076,6

S dS/dT

/iV/'C nV/'C*

16,745 -23.13

16.722 -23.27
16.698 -23.41
16.675 -23.55
16.651 -23.69

16.627 -23.83

16.604 -23.96

16,580 -24.0?

16,565 -24.22

16.531 -24.35

16,507 -24,48

16.482 -24.61

16.457 -24.73

16.433 -24.85

16,408 -24.97

16.383 -25.09

16.358 -25.21

16.332 -25.33

16.307 -25.44

16,281 -25.55

16.256 -25.66

16.230 -25.77

16.204 -25,88

16,178 -25,99

16,152 -26.09

16.126 -26,19

16,100 -26.30

16,07^ -26.40

16.047 -26.49

16.021 -26.59

15.994 -26.69

15.967 -26.78

15.940 -26.87

15.913 -26,96

15.886 -27.05

15.859 -27.14

15,832 -27,23

16.805 -27,31

15,778 -27.40

15.750 -27.48

16.723 -27.56
16.696 -27,64
15.667 -27.71
15.640 -27.79
15.612 -27.86

15.684 -27.94

15.556 -28.01

15.528 -28.08

15.500 -28.15

15.471 -28.22

15.443 -28.28

15.415 -28,35

15.387 -28.41

15.368 -28.47

15.330 -28,53

15,301 -28.59

15,272 -28.65

15.244 -28.70

15.215 -28.76

15.186 -28,81

15.157 -28.86

122

Table 6.4.2. Type JP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 — thermoelectric voltaces, E(T), Seebech
coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seehcck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

1

c
L

"C

i o u

3076 #6

181

3091.8

182

3106.9

183

3122.0

184

3137.0

18 5

3152.0

186

3167.0

187

3182.0

188

3197.0

189

3211.9

X 7 u

32 26.7

191

3241.6

192

3256.4

193

3271.2

19*^

3286.0

195

3300 , 7

196

3315.4

197

3330.1

198

3 344 . 7

1 99

3 359.4

2 00

3373,9

201

3388.5

202

3403.0

203

3417.5

204

3432 .0

205

3446.4

206

3460.8

207

3475.2

208

3489.6

209

3503.9

210

3518.2

211

3532.4

212

3546.7

213

3560 .9

214

3575,0

215

3589,2

216

3603,3

217

3617,4

218

3631,4

3645 ,4

7 9 n
<c <i u

3659 ,4

221

3673,4

222

3687,3

223

3701 .2

224

3715,1

2 2 5

3728,9

226

3742,7

227

3756,5

228

3770 , 3

229

3784.0

230

3797.7

231

3811.4

232

3825.0

233

3838.6

234

3852.2

235

3865.7

236

3879.2

237

3892.7

238

3906,2

239

3919,6

240 3933,0

S dS/dT

15,157 -28,86

15.129 -28.91

15.100 -28,96

15.071 -29.01

15.042 -29,05

15,012 -29.10

14,983 -29.14

14,954 -29,19

14,925 -29.23

14,896 -29.27

14,866 -29,30

14,837 -29.34

14.808 -29.38

14.778 -29.41

14.749 -29.44

14.720 -29,47

14,690 -29,51

14,661 -29,53

14,631 -29,56

14,601 -29.59

14,572 -29,61

14.542 -29.64

14.513 -29.66

14.483 -29.68

14,453 -29.70

14,423 -29.72

14.394 -29.74

14.364 -29,75

14,334 -29,77

14,304 -29,78

14,275 -29,79

14,245 -29,80

14,215 -29,81

14,185 -29,82

14,155 -29,83

14,126 -29,83

14,096 -29,84

14,066 -29,84

14,036 -29.84

14,006 -29,84

13.976 -29,84

13,947 -29,84

13.917 -29,84

13,887 -29,83

13.857 -29,83

13,827 -29,82

13.797 -29.81

13.768 -29,81

13,738 -29,80

13,708 -29,78

13,678 -29,77

13,648 -29,76

13,619 -29.74

13.589 -29,73

13,559 -29,71

13,530 -29,69

13,500 -29,67

13,470 -29,65

13,441 -29,63

13,411 -29,60

13,381 -29,58

T

1

z.

"C

240

3933 , 0

241

3946.4

242

3959.7

243

3973.0

244

3986 • 3

245

3999, 5

246

4012,8

247

4025.9

248

4039, 1

249

4052.2

2 50

4065 , 3

251

4078,4

252

4091.5

253

4104, 5

254

4117,4

255

4130,4

256

4143.3

257

4156,2

258

4169. 1

259

4181 ,9

260

4194,7

261

4207.5

262

4220,3

263

4233,0

264

4245,7

265

4258,4

266

4271,0

267

4283,6

268

4296,2

269

4308.8

270

4321,3

271

4333.8

272

4346,2

273

4368,7

274

4371 , 1

275

4383 , 5

276

4395,8

277

4408.2

278

4420. 5

279

4432 • 7

280

4445 • 0

281

4457.2

282

4469.4

283

4481 , 5

284

4493 , 7

285

4505 . 8

286

4517,9

287

4529.9

288

4541 . 9

289

4553.9

290

4565 .9

291

4577.9

292

4589.8

293

4601.7

294

4613.5

295

4625.4

296

4637,2

297

4649.0

298

4660,7

299

4672,5

300 4684.2

S dS/dT

13,381 -29,58

13.352 -29.55

13.322 -29.53

13,293 -29,50

13.263 -29.47

13.234 -29.44

13.204 -29.41

13.175 -29.37
13.146 -29.34
13.116 -29,30

13,087 -29,27

13,058 -29.23

13.029 -29.19

12.999 -29.15

12.970 -29,11

12.941 -29,07

12,912 -29,02

12,883 -28,98

12,854 -28,93

12,825 -28,89

12,796 -28,84

12,768 -28,79

12,739 -28.74

12.710 -28.69

12,681 -28,64

12.653 -28.58

12.624 -28,53

12,596 -28,47

12,567 -28,42

12.539 -28.36

12,511 -28.30

12,482 -28.24

12.454 -28,18

12,426 -28,11

12.398 -28.05

12,370 -27,99

12,342 -27,92

12.314 -27.85

12.286 -27.79

12.258 -27.72

12.231 -27,65

12,203 -27,58

12.176 -27,50
12,148 -27,43
12,121 -27,35

12,093 -27,28

12,066 -27,20

12,039 -27.12

12,012 -27,05

11,985 -26,97

11.958 -26.88

11.931 -26.80

11,904 -26,72

11,878 -26.63

11,851 -26.55

11,825 -26,46

11,798 -26,38

11,772 -26,29

11,746 -26.20

11.720 -26,11

11.693 -26.02

T

E

•c

300

4684 . 2

301

4695.9

302

4707,5

303

4719. 1

304

4730 . 7

305

4742 . 3

306

4753.9

307

4765.4

308

4776.9

_> U 7

4788 . 4

310

4799 . 8

311

4811.2

312

4822.6

313

4834 . 0

314

4846 . 4

315

4856.7

316

4868.0

317

4879.3

318

4890 . 5

319

4901 . 8

320

49 13 . 0

321

4924.1

322

4935,3

323

4946,4

324

4957,5

325

4968,6

326

4979,7

327

4990.7

328

5001 ,8

329

5012 . 7

330

5023.7

331

5034.7

332

5045.6

333

5056.5

334

5067.4

335

5078.2

336

5089.1

337

5099.9

338

5110.7

3 39

5121,4

340

5132.2

341

5142.9

342

5153.6

343

5 164 , 3

344

5175.0

345

5185,6

346

5196,2

347

5206.8

348

5217.4

349

5228.0

350

52 38.5

351

5249 . 0

352

5259.5

353

5270.0

354

5280.5

355

5290.9

356

5301,3

357

5311,7

358

5322.1

359

5332.5

360 5342.8

S dS/dT

11.693 -26.02

11,668 -25,92

11.642 -25,83

11,616 -25,73

11.590 -25.64

11.565 -25.54

11.539 -25.44

11,514 -25.34

11.488 -25.24

11.463 -25,14

11,438 -25,04

11,413 -24,94

11,388 -24,83

11,363 -24,73

11.339 -24.62

11.314 -24.51

11.290 -24.41

11.265 -24.30

11,241 -24,19

11.217 -24.07

11.193 -23.96

11.169 -23,85

11,145 -23,73

11,122 -23,62

11.098 -23.50

11,075 -23.38

11.051 -23.27

11.028 -23.15

11.005 -23.03

10.982 -22.90

10.959 -22,78

10.936 -22.66

10.914 -22.53

10.891 -22.41

10.869 -22.28

10.847 -22.15

10.825 -22.03

10.803 -21.90

10.781 -21.77

10.759 -21.63

10,738 -21.50

10.716 -21.37

10.695 -21,23

10.674 -21.10

10.653 -20.96

10.632 -20.83

10.611 -20.69

10.591 -20.55
10.570 -20.41
10.550 -20.27

10.530 -20.13

10.509 -19.98

10.490 -19.84

10.470 -19.69

10.450 -19.55

10.431 -19.40

10.411 -19.25

10.392 -19.11

10.373 -18.96

10.354 -18.81

10.336 -18.65

123

Table 6.4.2. Type JP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 — thermoelectric voItac:es, E(T), Seehcck
coefficients, S(T). and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/df,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

J

£

Of

360

5342,8

361

5353,2

362

5363,5

363

5373,8

364

5384,0

365

5394,3

366

5404, 5

367

5414,7

368

5424,9

369

5435,1

370

5445,3

371

5455,4

372

5465,6

373

5475.7

374

5485,8

375

5495.9

376

5 505,9

377

5516,0

378

5526,0

379

5536,0

380

5546,0

381

5 5 56.0

382

5566.0

383

5575.9

384

5585.9

385

5595.8

386

5605,7

387

5615,6

388

5625.5

389

5635.4

390

5645.2

391

5655. 1

392

5664.9

393

5674.7

394

5684.5

395

5694,3

396

5704, 1

397

5713.8

398

5723.6

399

5733.3

400

5743.0

401

5752 . 8

402

5762,5

403

5772, 1

404

5781,8

405

5791.5

406

5801,2

407

5810.8

408

5820.4

409

5830, 1

410

5839,7

411

5849,3

412

5858,9

413

5868,5

414

5878,0

415

5887,6

416

5897,2

417

5906,7

418

5916,3

419

5925,8

420 5935,3

S dS/dT

/iV/oC nV/°C^

10,336 -18,65

10.317 -18.50

10.299 -18.35

10.280 -18.20

10.262 -18.04

10,244 -17,88

10.226 -17.73

10.209 -17.57

10.191 -17.41

10.174 -17.25

10.157 -17.09

10.140 -16.93

10.123 -16.77

10.106 -16.61

10.090 -16.44

10.073 -16.28

10.057 -16.11

10.041 -15.95

10.025 -15.78

10.010 -15,61

9.994 -15.44

9..979 -15.27

9.963 -15.10

9.948 -14,93

9,934 -14,76

9.919 -14.58

9.904 -14.41

9.890 -14.23

9.876 -14.06

9.862 -13.88

9.848 -13.70

9.835 -13.53

9.821 -13.35

9,808 -13,17

9,795 -12,99

9.782 -12.81

9,769 -12.62

9,757 -12.44

9.744 -12.26

9.732 -12.07

9.720 -11.89

9.708 -11,70

9,697 -11.51

9.685 -11.33

9.674 -11.14

9.663 -10.95

9.652 -10.76

9.642 -10.57

9.631 -10.38

9.621 -10.18

9,611 -9,99

9,601 -9.80

9.591 -9.60

9,582 -9,41

9,572 -9,21

9.563 -9.02

9.554 -8,82

9,546 -8,62

9.537 -8.42

9.529 -8,22

9,521 -8,02

J

"C

420

5935.3

42 1

5944.8

422

5954.3

423

5963.8

424

5973.3

425

5982.8

426

5992 , 3

427

6001.8

428

6011.2

429

6020.7

430

6030.2

431

6039.6

432

6049,0

433

6058,5

434

6067,9

435

6077,3

436

6086 , 8

437

6096,2

438

6105,6

439

6115,0

440

6124,4

441

6133,8

442

6143,2

443

6152,6

444

6162,0

445

6171.4

446

6180.7

447

6190.1

448

6199.5

449

6208.9

450

6218.2

451

6227.6

452

6237.0

453

6246.4

454

6255.7

455

6265. 1

456

6274.5

457

6283,8

458

6293.2

459

6302.6

460

6311.9

461

6321.3

462

6330.7

463

6340.0

464

6349.4

465

6358.8

466

6368, 1

467

6377. 5

468

6386 . 9

469

6396 . 3

470

640 5.7

471

64,15.0

472

6424.4

473

6433.8

474

6443.2

475

6452.6

476

6462.0

477

6471.4

478

6480.8

479

6490.2

480 6499.7

S dS/dT

9.521

-8.02

9.513

-7.82

9.505

-7,62

9.497

-7,42

9.490

-7,22

9.483

-7.01

9.476

-6,81

9.469

-6,60

9.463

-6,40

9.457

— 6,19

9.450

-5,99

9.445

-5.78

9.439

-5.57

9,433

-5.36

9,428

-5.15

9,423

-4.94

9.418

-4.73

9.414

-4.52

9.409

-4.31

9.405

— 4. 10

9.401

-3.89

9.397

-3.67

9.394

-3.46

9.390

-3.24

9.387

— 3 ,03

9.384

-2.81

9.382

-2.60

9.379

-2.38

9,377

-2.16

9.375

-1.95

9.373

-1.73

9.371

-1.51

9.370

-1.29

9.369

-1.07

9.368

-0.85

9.367

-0.63

9.367

-0.41

9.366

-0.19

9.366

0.03

9.366

0.26

9.367

0.48

9.367

0.70

9.368

0.93

9.369

1.15

9. 370

1.38

9.372

1.60

9.374

1.83

9.376

2.05

9.378

2.28

9.380

2.50

9.383

2.73

9.386

2.96

9.389

3.19

9.392

3.41

9.395

3.64

9.399

3.87

9.403

4.10

9.407

4.33

9.412

4.56

9.417

4.79

9.421 5.02

T E
»C

480 6499,7

481 6509,1

482 6518,5

483 6527,9

484 6537,4

485 6546,8

486 6556,3

487 6565,7

488 6575,2

489 6584,7

490 6594,2

491 6603.6

492 6613.1

493 6622.6

494 6632.2

495 6641.7

496 6651.2

497 6660.7

498 6670.3

499 6679.8

500 6689.4

501 6699.0

502 6708.6

503 6718.1

504 6727.8

505 6737.4

506 6747.0

507 6756.6

508 6766.3

509 6775.9

510 6785.6

511 6795,3

512 6805,0

513 6814.7

514 6824.4

515 6834.1

516 6843.9

517 6853.6

518 6863,4

519 6873,2

520 6883.0

521 6892.8

522 6902.7

523 6912.5

524 6922.4

525 6932.2

526 6942.1

527 6952.0

528 6962.0

529 6971.9

530 6981.8

531 6991.8

532 7001.8

533 7011.8

534 7021.8

535 7031.9

536 7041.9

537 7052.0

538 7062.1

539 7072.2

540 7082.4

S dS/dT
fiWC

9.421 5.02

9.427 5.25

9.432 5.48

9.438 5.71

9.443 5,94

9.449 6.17

9.456 6.40

9.462 6.64

9.469 6.87

9.476 7.10

9.483 7.33

9,491 7.57

9.498 7.80

9.506 8.03

9.514 8.26

9.523 8.50

9.531 8.73

9.540 8.96

9.549 9,20

9,659 9,43

9,568 9,67

9,578 9.90

9.588 10.13

9.598 10.37

9.609 10.60

9.619 10.84

9.630 11,07

9,642 11,30

9.653 11.54

9.665 11.77

9.676 12.01

9.689 12.24

9.701 12.47

9.714 12.71

9.726 12.94

9.739 13.18

9.753 13.41

9.766 13.64

9.780 13.88

9.794 14,11

9.808 14.35

9.823 14.58

9.837 14.81

9.852 15.04

9.868 15.28

9,883 15.51

9.899 15.74

9.914 15.97

9.930 16,21

9,947 16,44

9.963 16.67

9.980 16.90

9.997 17.13

10.014 17.36

10.032 17.59

10.050 17.82

10.068 18.05

10.086 18.28

10.104 18.51

10.123 18.74

10,142 18.97

124

Table 6.4.2. Type JP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 — thermoelectric voltaa;es, E(T], Seeheck
coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seeheck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

f

op

540

7082 .4

541

7092.5

542

7102.7

543

7112.9

544

7123.1

545

7133.3

546

7143.6

547

7153.8

548

7164.1

549

7174.4

550

7184.8

551

7195.1

552

7205.5

553

7215.9

554

7226.3

55 5

72 36.7

556

7247.2

557

7257.7

558

7268.2

559

7278.7

560

7289.3

561

7299.9

562

7310.5

563

7321 . 1

564

7331.7

565

7342.4

566

7353. 1

567

7363.8

568

7374.6

569

7385.3

570

7396. 1

571

7407.0

572

7417.8

573

7428. 7

574

7439.6

575

7450. 5

576

7461.5

577

7472.5

578

7483 . 5

579

7494 , 5

580

7505.6

581

7516.7

582

7527.8

583

7538.9

584

7550. 1

585

7561.3

586

7572.5

587

7583.8

p

9 (5 Cj

7 C Q C •}

589

7606.4

590

7617, 8

591

7629. 1

592

7640.5

593

7652.0

594

7663.4

595

7674.9

596

7686. 5

597

7698.0

598

7709.6

599

7721.2

600 7732.9

S dS/dT

10.142 18.97

10.161 19.20

10.180 19.42

10.200 19.65

10.219 19.88

10.239 20.10

10.259 20.33

10.280 20.56

10.301 20.78

10.321 21.01

10.3^3 21.23

10.364 21,45

10.386 21.68

10.407 21.90

10.429 22.12

10.452 22.34
10.474 22.56
10.497 22.78
10.520 23,00

10.543 23.22

10.566 23.44

10.590 23.65

10.613 23.87

10.637 24.08

10.661 24.30

10.686 24.51

10.710 24.73

10.735 24.94

10.760 25.15

10.786 25.36

10.811 25.57

10.837 25.78

10.863 25.99

10.889 26.20

10.915 26.41

10.942 26.61

10.968 26.82

10.995 27.02

11.022 27.22

11.050 27.42

11.077 27.63

11.105 27.83

11.133 28.02

11.161 28.22

11.189 28.42

11.218 28.61

11.246 28.81

11.275 29.00

11.304 29.19

11.334 29.39

11.363 29.58

11.393 29.76

11.423 29.95

11.453 30.14
11.483 30.32

11.513 30.51

11.544 30.69
11.575 30.87
11.606 31.05
11.637 31.23

11.668 31.41

T

or
\t

600

7732.9

601

7744.6

602

7756.3

603

7768.0

604

7779. 8

605

7791 .6

606

7803.5

607

7815.4

608

7827.3

609

7839.2

610

7851.2

611

7863.2

612

7875.2

613

7887.3

614

7899.4

615

7911.6

616

7923.7

617

7935 , 9

618

7948.2

619

7960,5

620

7972.8

621

7985. 1

622

7997, 5

623

8009 . 9

624

8022.4

62 5

80 34.9

626

8047.4

627

8059.9

628

8072.5

629

8085.2

630

8097.8

631

8110.5

632

8123.3

633

8136.0

634

8148,8

635

8161.7

636

8174.6

637

8187.5

638

8200.4

639

8 213.4

640

8226. 5

641

8239.5

642

8252.6

643

8265 . 8

644

8279.0

645

8292 . 2

646

8305.4

647

8318.7

648

649

8345 ,4

650

8358,8

651

8372.3

652

8385.7

653

8399.3

654

8412.8

655

8426.4

656

8440. 1

657

8453.7

658

8467.4

659

8481.2

660 8495.0

S dS/dT

11.668 31.41

11.700 31.58

11.731 31.76

11.763 31.93

11.795 32.10

11.827 32.27
11.860 32.44
11.892 32.60
11.925 32.77
11.958 32.93

11.991 33.10

12.024 33.26

12.057 33.42

12.091 33.57

12.125 33.73

12.158 33.88

12.192 34.03

12.226 34.18

12.261 34.33

12.295 34.48

12.330 34.63

12.364 34.77

12.399 34.91

12.434 35.05

12.469 35.19

12.505 35.32

12.540 35.46

12.575 35.59

12.611 35.72

12.647 35.85

12.683 35.97

12.719 36.10

12.755 36.22

12.791 36.34

12.828 36.45

12.864 36.57

12.901 36.68

12.938 36.79

12.974 36.90

13.011 37.01

13.0^8 37.11

13.086 37.22

13.123 37.31

13.160 37.41

13.198 37.51

13.235 37.60

13.273 37.69

13.311 37.78

13.348 37.86

13.386 37.94

13.424 38.02

13.462 38.10

13.501 38.18

13.539 38,25

13,577 38.32

13.615 38.39

13.654 38.45

13.692 38.51

13.731 38.57

13.769 38.63

13.808 38.68

1

L

660

8495.0

661

8508.8

662

8522.7

663

8 536.6

664

8550.5

665

8564.5

666

8578.5

667

8592.6

668

8606.7

669

8670.8

670

863 5.0

671

8649.2

672

8663.5

673

8677. 8

674

8692.1

675

8706.5

676

8720.9

677

8735.3

678

8749.8

679

8764 . 4

680

8778.9

681

8793.5

682

8808.2

683

8822 . 9

684

8837. 6

685

8852.4

686

8867.2

687

8882.0

688

8896.9

689

8911.8

690

8926.8

691

8941.8

692

8956.8

693

8971.9

694

898 7.0

695

9002 . 1

696

9017.3

697

9032.6

698

9047. 8

699

9063.1

700

9078.5

701

9093.9

702

9109.3

703

9124.7

704

9140 . 2

705

915 5.8

706

9171.3

707

9186.9

708

9202.6

709

9218.3

710

9234.0

711

9249.8

712

9265.6

713

9281.4

714

9297. 3

715

9313.2

716

9329. 1

717

9345. 1

718

9361.1

719

9377.2

720 9393.2

S dS/dT

fiWC nV/oC^

13.808 38.68

13.847 38.73

13.886 38.78

13.924 38.82

13.963 38.86

14.002 38.90

14.041 38.94

14.080 38.97

14.119 39.00

14.158 39.03

14.197 39.05

14.236 39.07

14.275 39.09

14.314 39.10

14.353 39.12

14.392 39.12

14.432 39.13

14,471 39.13

14.510 39.13

14.549 39.12

14.588 39.11

14.627 39.10
14.666 39.09
14.705 39.07
14.744 39.04

14.783 39.02

14.822 38.99

14.861 38.95

14.900 38.92

14.939 38.88

14.978 38.83

15.017 38.79

15.056 38.73

15.094 38.68

15.133 38.62

15.172 38.56

15.210 38.49

15.249 38.42

15.287 38.34

15.325 38.26

15.363 38.18

15.402 38.09

15,440 38.00

15.478 37.91

15.515 37.81

15.553 37.70

15.591 37.60

15.628 37.48
15.666 37.37
15.703 37.25

15.740 37.12

15.777 36.99

15.814 36.86

15.851 36.72

15.888 36.58

15.924 36.43

15.961 36.28

15.997 36.12

16.033 35.96

16.069 35.79

16.104 35.62

125

Table 6.4.2. Type JP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt— 67 — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck
coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

s

dS/dT

T

E

S

dS/dJ

T

E

s

dS/dT

"C

nWC^

"C

nVZ-C*

-c

,xV

nV/'C^

720

9393.2

16,104

35.62

735

9638.7

16.617

32.47

750

9891.5

17.073

28.12

721

9409 ,4

16, 140

35.45

736

9655 . 3

16.649

32.22

751

9908 . 5

17.101

27.78

722

9425,5

16,175

35.27

737

9672,0

16.681

31.96

752

9925.7

17.128

27.44

723

9441.7

16,211

35.08

738

9688.7

16.713

31.70

753

9942.8

17.155

27.09

724

9457.9

16,245

34,89

739

9705.4

16.744

31.43

754

9960.0

17.182

26.74

725

9474.2

16,280

34.70

^^^0

9722.2

16.776

31.16

755

9977.2

17.209

26.38

726

9490.5

16,315

34.50

741

9739.0

16.807

30.88

756

9994,4

17.235

26.01

727

9506.8

16.349

34,29

742

9755.8

16.837

30.60

757

10011.6

17.261

25.64

728

9523.2

16,383

34,08

743

9772.7

16.868

30.31

758

10028.9

17.286

25.26

729

9539.6

16,417

33.87

744

9789.5

16.898

30,01

759

10046.2

17.311

24.88

730

9556.0

16,451

33.65

745

9806.4

16.928

29,71

760

10063.5

17.336

24.48

731

9572,5

16,485

33.42

746

9823.4

16.958

29,40

732

9589.0

16,518

33.19

747

9840.4

16.987

29,09

733

9605,5

16,551

32.96

748

9857.4

17.016

28,77

734

9622.1

16,584

32.72

749

9874.4

17.044

28.45

735

9638,7

16,617

32.47

750

9891.5

17.073

28.12

126

Table 6.4.3. Thermoelectric values at the fixed points for Type fP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67

Temp.

E

5

dS/dT

Fixed point

"C

mV/°C

\T /or"i
n\ / L,'

Nitrogen TP

-210

002

— 2560 . 3

-0

303

OAT OO

207.88

Nitrogen NBP

-195

802

— 2544 . 4

2

482

184.73

Oxygen NBr

-182

962

— 2497 . 9

4

728

loo .41

Carbon Dioxide or

-78

476

— 1336.9

15

573

54.36

Mercury FP

-38

862

— 684.5

17

192

28 .54

Ice point

0

000

0.0

17

910

9 .66

Ether TP

26

870

483 .3

18

017

— 1 .04

Tv; , Tin

Water BP

100

000

1778.5

17

176

— 19.91

Benzoic TP

122

370

2157.5

16

690

— 23 . 47

Indium FP

156

634

2714.7

15

815

— 27.28

lin FP

231

9681

3824 .6

13

620

— 29 . 74

Bismuth rr

271

442

/I o on o

4ooy . 6

12

470

OO 0 1

Cadmium tr

321

108

4925 .4

11

167

— 23 . 84

Lead tr

4996 . 3

m 7

OO An
— 23 .09

Mercury Br

356

660

5308.2

10

399

— 19 . lo

Ziinc rr

419

580

oyoi .6

9

524

O 11

Sulphur BP

444

674

6168.3

9

385

-2.88

Cu-Al FP

548

23

7166.5

10

305

20.83

Antimony FP

630

74

8107.2

12

709

36.06

Aluminum FP

660

37

8500.1

13

822

38.70

Table 6.4.4. Estimated maximum errors that occur when using reduced-bit arithmetic for the power series
expansion for the thermoelectric voltage of Type JP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67

Temperature range

Degree

Estimated maximum error in microvolts

12 Bit

16 Bit

24 Bit

27 Bit

36 Bit

-210 to -100°C

7

2

<0.1

<0.1

<0.1

<0.1

-100 to 0°C

7

0.8

<0.1

<0.1

<0.1

<0.1

0 to 200 °C

7

1

<0.1

<0.1

<0.1

<0.1

200 to 400 °C

7

2

<0.1

<0.1

<0.1

<0.

400 to 600 °C

20

1

<0.1

<0.1

<0.1

600 to 760 °C

7

60

4

<0 1

<0.1

<0.1

127

6.5. Reference Functions and Tables for Plat-
inum, Pt— 67, Versus the Negative Thermo-
element, Type JN, a Co/jper-Nickel Alloy

The coefficients for the seventh degree expansion for
the thermoelectric voltage of Pt-67 versus Type JN
thermoelements below 760 °C are given in table 6.5.1.
The errors caused by using reduced bit arithmetic for
calculating values of the functions are given in table
6.5.4.

-1.2 1 I \ I I I \ \ I I I I I

-400 -200 0 200 400 600 800

TEMPERATURE °C

Figure 6.5.1. Thermoelectric voltage for platinum, Pt-67,
versus Type JN thermoelements.

The circles indicate values at various thermometric fixed points on the
IPTS-68.

16 1 1 I I \ I I I I I I I

-400 -200 0 200 400 600 800

TEMPERATURE ,°C

Figure 6.5.2. Seebeck coefficient for platinum, Pt-67, versus
Type JN thermoelements.

The circles indicate values at various thermometric fixed points on the
IPTS-68.

The primary reference values for Pt-67 versus Type
JN thermoelements are given in table 6.5.2. Values at
selected fixed points are given in table 6.5.3. Graphs
of the thermoelectric voltage, its first derivative (See-
beck coefficient), and second derivative are given in
figures 6.5.1, 6.5.2, and 6.5.3, respectively.

Because of the lack of stability of Type J thermo-
couples above 760 °C, no reference functions are
given for Type JN above 760 °C.

The tables in this section merely give average values
for industrial materials which have a wide variability.
The tables in this section do NOT contain stand-
ardized values. Neither the ASTM nor the ISA recog-
nize Type JP or JN thermoelements as standardized
materials.

TEMPERATURE,°C

Figure 6.5.3. Second derivative of thermoelectric voltage for
platinum, Pt- 67, versus Type JN thermoelements.

The circles indicate values at various thermometric fixed points on the
IPTS-68.

Table 6.5.1. Power series expansion for the thermo-
electric voltage of platinum, Pt-67, versus Type JN
thermoelements

Tempera-
ture
range

Degree

Coefficients

Term

-210 to

7

3.2462432823 X lOi

T

760 °C

2.5760715174 X lO""

-1.4497289855 X 10"^

p

-2.3391503000 X lO'i"

-1.9766432760 X 10""

4.0770759899 X 10""

-2.1133897427 X lO'i'

r

Table 6.5.2. Platinum, Pt— 67, versus Type JN thermoelements — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck
coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions atO°C

T

E

"C

-210

-5535,3

— 209

— -> 5 1 5 # o

-208

-5496,3

-207

-5476.7

<i u o

— ZJHO f • U

-205

-5437.2

-20't

-5417.4

-203

-5397.5

-202

-5377.5

-201

-5357,4

-200

-5337,2

S dS/dT

19,429 76,07

19.505 75,88

19,581 75.69

19.656 75.50

19.732 75,31

19.807 75.12

19.882 74.94

19.957 74.75

20.031 74.57

20,106 74.39

20.180 74.21

T E

-200 -5337.2

-199 -5317.0

-198 -5296.7

-197 -5276.4

-196 -5255.9

-195 -5235,4

-194 -5214,8

-193 -5194,2

-192 -5173,4

-191 -5152,6

-190 -5131,8

S dS/dT

fj.WC nV/'C*

20.180 74.21

20.254 74.03

20.328 73.85

20.402 73.68

20.475 73.50

20.549 73.33

20.622 73.15

20.695 72.98

20.768 72.81

20.841 72.64

20.913 72.47

T E
"C ;xV

-190 -5131.8

-189 -5110.8

-188 -5089.8

-187 -5068.7

-186 -5047.5

-185 -5026.3

-184 -6005.0

-183 -4983.6

-182 -4962.2

-181 -4940.6

-180 -4919.0

S dS/dT

/iV/'C nV/"C*

20.913 72.47

20.986 72.30

21,058 72,14

21,130 71,97

21,202 71,81

21,274 71,65

21,345 71,48

21,417 71,32

21.488 71,16

21.559 71.00

21.630 70.84

129

Table 6.5.2. Platinum, Pt— 67, versus Type JN thermoelements — thermoelectric voltages, E{T) , Seebeck
coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

1

c
t

"C

— 180

— 4919.0

-179

-4897.4

-178

-4875.6

-177

-4853 , 8

- 1 76

—4832 . 0

-1 75

-4810.0

-174

-4788.0

-173

-4765.9

-172

-4743 . 7

-171

-472 1 . 5

-170

-4699,2

-169

-4676.9

-168

-4654.4

-167

-4631 .9

-166

-4609 . 3

-165

-4586. 7

-164

-4564.0

-163

-4541.2

-162

-4518.4

-161

-4495.5

-160

-4472 . 5

-159

-4449.4

-158

-4426.3

-157

-4403 . 1

- 1 56

-43 79.9

- 1 55

—43 56 c 5

-154

-4333.2

-153

-4309.7

—4286.2

—4262 . 6

— i y U

— 42 38.9

-149

-4215.2

-148

-4191.4

— 147

—4 167.6

— 1 '+D

— H 1 H J . 1

-145

-4119.7

-144

-4095.6

-143

-4071.5

-142

-4047.3

-141

-4023 . 1

— 140

-3 998.7

-139

-3974.4

-138

-3949.9

— 137

—392 5.4

-136

-3900.8

-135

-3876 . 2

-134

-3851.5

-133

-3826.7

-132

-3801 .9

- 1 3 1

-3777.0

-130

-3752 .0

-129

-3727.0

-128

-3701.9

-127

-3676.8

-126

-3651.5

-125

-3626.3

-124

-3600.9

-123

-3575.5

-122

-3550.0

-121

-3524.5

-120 -3498,9

S dS/dT

21.630 70.84

21.701 70.69

21.771 70.53

21.842 70.38

21.912 70.22

21,982 70.07

22,052 69.92

22.122 69.77

22.192 69.62

22.261 69.47

22.331 69.32

22.400 69.17

22,469 69.02

22.538 68.88

22.607 68.73

22.675 68.59

22.744 68.45

22.812 68.30

22.880 68.16

22.949 68.02

23.017 67.88

23.084 67.74
23.152 67,60
23.220 67.47
23.287 67.33

23.354 67.19

23.421 67.06

23.488 66.92

23.555 66.79

23.622 66,66

23.689 66.53

23.755 66.40

23.821 66.26

23.888 66.14

23.954 66.01

24,020 65.88

24.085 65.75
24.151 65.62
24.217 65,50
24.282 65.37

24.347 65.25

24.413 65.12

24,478 65,00

24,543 64.88

24.607 64,75

24.672 64.63

24.737 64.51

24.801 64.39

24.865 64,27

24.930 64,15

24,994 64,03

25,058 63.91

25.121 63.80

25.185 63.68

25.249 63.56

25.312 63.45

25.376 63.33

25.439 63.22

25.502 63.10

25.565 62.99

25.628 62.88

T

c
c

»c

-120

-3498.9

-119

-3473.3

-118

-3447.5

-117

-3421 . 7

■116

—3395 . 9

■115

-3370.0

■114

-3344.0

■113

-3318.0

■112

-3291 .9

111

-3265 , 7

110

-3239 . 5

109

-3213.2

108

-3186.9

107

-3160.5

106

-3134.0

105

-3107.5

104

-3080.9

103

-3054.2

102

-3027. 5

101

-3000.8

100

-2973 .9

-99

-2947.0

-98

-2920.1

-97

-2893 . 1

— 96

— 7fi6f» - 0

— 95

—2838.8

-94

-2811,6

-93

-2784.4

— 92

— Q 1

— 9 7 9Q 7

-89

-2674.8

-88

-2647.2

-87

—2619. 6

— 86

— 9 ^Ql Q

— . 7

-85

-2564. 2

-84

-2536.4

-83

-2508.5

-82

-2480 . 6

-81

-2452.7

-80

— 2424 . 6

-79

-2396.5

-78

-2368.4

-77

—2340 , 2

-76

-231 1.9

-75

-2283. 6

-74

-2255.2

-73

-2226.8

-72

-2198.3

-71

-2169. 7

-70

-2141 . 1

-69

-2112.5

-68

-2083.7

-67

-2055.0

-66

-2026. 1

-65

-1997.2

-64

-1968.3

-63

-1939.2

-62

-1910.2

-61

-1881.0

-60 -1851.9

S dS/dT

25.628 62.88

25.691 62.77

25.754 62.65

25.816 62.54

25.879 62.43

25.941 62.32

26.003 62.21

26.066 62.10

26.128 61.99

26.190 61.88

26.251 61.78

26.313 61.67

26.375 61.56

26.436 61.45

26.498 61.35

26.559 61.24

26.620 61.14

26,681 61,03

26,742 60,93

26,803 60.82

26.864 60.72

26.924 60.61

26.985 60.51

27.046 60.41

27.106 60.31

27.166 60.20

27.226 60.10

27.286 60.00

27.346 59.90

27.406 59.80

27.466 59,70
27.526 59.60
27.585 59.50
27.645 59.40
27.704 59.30

27.763 59.21

27.822 59.11

27,881 59,01

27.940 58,91

27.999 58.81

28.058 58.72

28.117 58.62

28.175 58.52

28.234 58.43

28.292 58.33

28.350 58.24

28.409 58.14

28.467 58,05
28,525 57.95
28.583 57,86

28.640 57.76

28.698 57.67

28,756 57.58

28.813 57.48

28.871 57.39

28.928 57.29

28.985 57.20

29.042 57.11

29.099 57.02

29.156 56.92

29.213 56.83

T

E

•c

— ou

_ 1 O C 1 Q

-59

-1822.6

-58

-1793.3

— 5 7

—1764.0

— 56

— 1 734 . 6

-55

— 1705 9 1

-54

-1675.6

-53

-1646.0

-52

-1616.3

— 51

— 1 586 . 7

-50

—1556.9

-49

-1527.1

-48

-1497.2

-47

- 1467 . 3

-46

-1437.3

—45

-1407. 3

-44

-1377.2

-43

-1347.1

—42

-1316.9

-41

-1286.7

—40

—1256.4

-39

-1226.0

-38

-1195.6

-37

—1165.1

— 1 134 . 6

—

_ 1 1 D/i n
— i 1 u*f . u

-34

-1073.4

-33

-1042.7

~3 2

— 1 n 1 1 Q

~1 U I X • 7

— 31

o a 1 1

-30

—950 • 3

-29

-919.4

-28

-888«4

_ O C 7 A

— O 3 ( • *f

— 26

—82 6 • 4

— t p

_7Q c 9

-24

-764.1

-23

-732.8

c. C

—70 1.6

— 7 1

C. 1.

—670 . 2

t u

—638 . 8

-19

-607.4

-18

-575.9

-17

-344 . 3

— 16

— 512. 7

— 15

-481, 1

-14

-449.4

-13

-417.6

-12

— 385 . 8

- 1 1

— 3 54 . 0

— In

—322.0

-9

-290.1

-8

-258.0

-7

-226.0

-6

-193.8

-5

-161.7

-4

-129.4

-3

-97.2

-2

-64.8

-1

-32.4

0 0.0

S dS/dT

29.213 56.83

29.270 56.74

29.327 56.65

29.383 56.56

29.440 56.47

29.496 56.37

29.653 56.28

29,609 56.19

29.665 56.10

29.721 56.01

29.777 56.92

29.833 65.83

29.889 55.74
29.944 55.65
30.000 55.56

30.056 55.47

30.111 55.38

30.166 55.29

30.222 55.20

30.277 55.11

30.332 55.02

30.387 54.94

30.442 64.85

30.496 54.76

30.551 54.67

30.606 54.58

30.660 54.49

30.716 54.40

30.769 54.32

30.823 54.23

30.878 54.14

30.932 54.05

30.986 53.96

31.040 53.88

31.093 63.79

31.147 53.70

31.201 53.61

31.254 63.53

31.308 53.44

31.361 53.35

31.415 53,26

31,468 63,18

31,521 53.09

31.574 53.00

31.627 52.91

31,680 52.83

31,733 52.74

31.785 52.65

31.838 62.57

31.890 52.48

31.943 52.39

31.995 52.30

32.047 52.22

32.100 52.13

32.152 52.04

32.204 51.96

32.256 61.87

32.307 51.78

32.359 51.70

32.411 51.61

32.462 51.52

130

Table 6.5.2. Platinum, Pt— 67, versus Type JIS thermoelements — thermoelectric voltages, E{T) , Seebeck
coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

E

c

0

0.0

1

32.5

2

65.0

3

97.6

4

130,3

5

163.0

6

195.7

7

228.5

8

261.3

9

294. 2

10

327.2

11

360.2

12

393 . 2

13

426.3

14

459.5

15

492.7

16

525.9

17

559.2

18

592.6

19

626.0

20

659.4

21

692.9

22

726.5

23

760.1

2A

793,7

25

827.4

26

861,2

27

895,0

28

928 , 8

29

962 .7

30

996,7

31

1030,7

32

1064,7

33

1098 , 8

34

1132,9

35

1167, 1

36

1201,4

37

1235.6

38

1270.0

39

1304.4

40

1338.8

41

1373.3

42

1407,8

43

1442,4

44

1477,0

45

1511,6

46

1546,4

47

1581. 1

48

1615.9

49

1650 . 8

50

1685,7

51

1720,7

52

1755.7

53

1790.7

54

1825.8

55

1860.9

56

1896.1

57

1931.4

58

1966.6

59

2002.0

60

2037.3

S dS/dT

/iV/°C nV/°C2

32.462 51.52

32.514 51.43

32.565 51.35

32.617 51.26

32.668 51.17

32.719 51.09

32.770 51.00

32.821 50.91
32.872 50.83
32.923 50.74

32.973 50.65

33.024 50.56

33.074 50.48

33.125 50.39

33.175 50,30

33.225 50.21

33.276 50.13

33.326 50.04

33.376 49.95

33.426 49.87

33.475 49.78

33.525 49.69

33.575 49.60

33.624 49.51

33.674 49.43

33,723 49.34

33.773 49.25

33.822 49.16
33.871 49.08
33.920 48.99

33.969 48.90

34.018 48.81

34.066 48.72

34.115 48.64

34.164 48.55

34.212 48.46

34.261 48.37

34.309 48.28

34.357 48.19

34.405 48.10

34.453 48.02

34.501 47.93

34.549 47.84

34.597 47.75

34.645 47.66

34.692 47.57

34.740 47.48

34.787 47.39

34.835 47.30

34.882 47.21

34.929 47.12

34.976 47.03

35.023 46.94

35.070 46.85

35.117 46.76

35.164 46.67

35.210 46.58

35.257 46.49

35.303 46.40

35.350 46.31

35.396 46.22

T

°C

uV

60

2037. 3

61

2072.8

62

2108,2

63

2 143 , 7

64

2179,3

65

2214,9

66

2250,5

67

2286, 2

68

2322.0

69

2357,8

70

2393.6

71

2429.5

72

2465.4

73

2501.4

74

2537.4

75

2573.4

76

2609.5

77

2645.7

78

2681.9

79

2718. 1

80

2754.4

81

2790.7

82

2827.1

83

2863.5

84

2899.9

85

2936.4

86

2973.0

87

3009.6

88

3046 . 2

89

3082.9

90

3119.6

91

3156.4

92

3193.2

93

3230.0

94

3266 . 9

95

3303.8

96

3340.8

97

3377.8

98

3414.9

99

3452 . 0

100

3489.2

101

3526.4

102

3563.6

103

3600 . 9

104

3638 . 2

105

3675.6

106

3713.0

107

3750.4

108

3787. 9

109

3825.4

110

3863.0

111

3900.6

112

3938.3

113

3976.0

114

4013.7

115

4051.5

116

4089.3

117

4127.1

118

4165.0

119

4203.0

120

4241.0

S dS/dT

^lWC nVZ-C^

35.396 46.22

35.442 46.13

35.488 46.04

35.534 45.95

35.580 45.86

35.626 45.77

35.672 45.68

35.717 45.59

35.763 45.49

35.808 45.40

35.854 45.31

35.899 45.22

35.944 45.13

35.989 45.04

36.034 44,94

36,079 44,85

36,124 44.76

36.168 44.67

36.213 44.57
36,258 44,48

36,302 44,39

36.346 44.30

36.391 44.20

36.435 44.11

36.479 44.02

36.523 43.92

36.567 43.83

36.610 43.74

36.654 43.64

36.698 43.55

36.741 43.46

36.785 43.36

36.828 43.27

36.871 43.18

36.914 43.08

36.957 42.99

37.000 42.89

37.043 42.80

37.086 42.70

37.129 42.61

37.171 42.51

37.214 42.42
37.256 42.32
37.298 42.23
37.340 42.13

37.383 42.04

37.425 41.94

37.466 41.85

37.508 41.75

37.550 41.65

37.592 41.56

37.633 41.46

37.674 41.37

37.716 41.27

37.757 41.17

37.798 41.08

37.839 40.98

37.880 40.88

37.921 40.79

37.962 40.69

38.002 40,59

J

c

u

"C

/IV

120

4241 . 0

121

4279.0

122

4317.1

123

4355.2

124

4393.3

125

4431.5

126

4469.7

127

4508.0

128

4546.3

129

4584.6

130

4623.0

131

4661.4

132

4699.9

133

4738.4

134

4776.9

135

4815.5

136

4854.1

137

4892.8

138

4931.5

139

4970.2

140

5009.0

141

5047.8

1'>-Z

5086.7

143

5125.6

144

5164. 5

145

5203.5

146

5242.5

147

5281.5

148

5320.6

149

5359.7

150

5393.9

151

5438.1

152

5477.3

153

5516.6

154

5555.9

155

5595.2

156

5634.6

157

5674.0

158

5713.5

159

5753.0

160

5792 . 5

161

5832.0

162

5871.7

163

59 1 1 . 3

164

5951.0

165

5990.7

166

6030.4

167

6070.2

168

6110.0

169

6149 . 9

170

6189.8

171

6229.7

172

6269.7

173

6309.7

174

6349.7

175

6389.8

176

6429.9

177

6470.0

178

6510,2

179

6550,4

180 6590,6

S dS/dT

fiyrc nv/°c2

38.002 40,59

38,043 40.49

38,083 40.40

38,124 40,30

38,164 40.20

38.204 40.10

38.244 40.01

38.284 39.91

38.324 39.81
38.364 39.71

38.403 39.61

38.443 39.52

38.482 39.42

38.522 39.32

38.561 39.22

38.600 39.12

38.639 39.02

38.678 38.92

38.717 38.82

38.756 38.73

38.795 38.63

38.833 38.53

38.872 38.43
38.910 38.33
38.948 38.23

38.986 38.13

39,024 38.03

39.062 37.93

39.100 37.83

39,138 37.73

39.176 37.63

39.213 37.53

39.251 37.43

39.288 37,33

39.325 37,23

39,363 37.13

39.400 37.03

39.437 36.92

39.474 36.82

39.510 36.72

39.547 36.62

39.584 36.52

39.620 36.42

39.656 36.32

39.693 36.22

39.729 36.11

39.765 36.01

39.801 35.91

39.837 35.81

39.873 35.71

39.908 35.61

39.944 35.50

39.979 35.40

40.015 35.30

40.050 35.20

40.085 35.10

40.120 34.99

40.155 34.89

40.190 34.79

40.225 34.69

40.259 34.58

131

Table 6.5.2. Platinum, Pt— 67, versus Type JN thermoelements — thermoelectric voltages, F.(T) , Seebeck
coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

J

°c ■

180

6590.6

181

6630.9

182

6671.2

183

6711.5

184

6751.9

185

6792.3

186

6832.8

187

6873.3

188

6913.8

189

6954.3

190

6994.9

191

7035.5

192

7076.2

193

7116.9

194

7157.6

195

7198.3

196

7239.1

1 97

7279.9

198

7320.8

199

7361.7

200

7402,6

201

7443.5

202

7484.5

203

7525.5

204

7566.6

205

7607.6

206

7648.7

207

7689.9

208

7731.0

209

7772.3

S dS/dT

fjiSZ/'C nV/°C^

40.259 34.58

40.294 34.48

40.328 34.38

40.362 34.28

40.397 34.17

40.431 34.07

40.465 33.97

40.499 33.86

40.533 33.76

40.566 33.66

40.600 33.56

40.633 33.45

40.667 33.35

40.700 33.25

40.733 33.14

40.766 33.04

40.799 32.94

40.832 32.83

40.865 32.73

40.898 32.63

40.930 32.52

40.963 32.42

40.995 32.32

41.027 32.21

41.060 32.11

41.092 32.00

41.124 31.90

41.155 31.80

41.187 31.69

41.219 31.59

T E

240 9064.7

241 9106.9

242 9149.1

243 9191.3

244 9233.5

245 9275.8

246 9318.1

247 9360.4

248 9402.8

249 9445.2

250 9487,6

251 9530.0

252 9572.5

253 9615.0

254 9657.5

255 9700,1

256 9742,6

257 9785,2

258 9827,9

259 9870.5

260 9913.2

261 9955.9

262 9998.6

263 10041.4

264 10084.2

265 10127.0

266 10169,8

267 10212,7

268 10255,6

269 10298,5

S dS/dT

fiWC nM/'C^

42.148 28.37

42.176 28.27

42.205 28.16

42.233 28,06

42.261 27.96

42.289 27.85

42,316 27.75

42.344 27.64

42.372 27.54

42.399 27.44

42.427 27.33

42.454 27.23

42.481 27.13

42.508 27.02

42.535 26.92

42.562 26.82

42.589 26.71

42.615 26.61

42.642 26.51

42.668 26.41

42,695 26.30

42.721 26.20

42.747 26.10

42.773 25,99

42.799 25.89

42.825 25.79

42,851 25,69

42.876 25.58

42.902 25.48

42.927 25.38

T E

300 11640.9

301 11684.6

302 11728.3

303 11772.0

304 11815.8

305 11859.5

306 11903.3

307 11947.1

308 11991.0

309 12034.8

310 12078.7

311 12122.6

312 12166.5

313 12210.4

314 12264.4

315 12298.4

316 12342.4

317 12386.4

318 12430.4

319 12474.5

320 12518.6

321 12562.7

322 12606.8

323 12650.9

324 12695.1

325 12739.3

326 12783.5

327 12827.7

328 12871.9

329 12916.2

S dS /dT

43.665 22.25

43.688 22.15

43.710 22.05

43.732 21.95

43.754 21.85

43,775 21,76

43.797 21.66

43.819 21.56

43.840 21.46

43.862 21.36

43.883 21,26

43.904 21.17

43.925 21.07

43.946 20.97

43,967 20,87

43,988 20.78

44.009 20.68

44.029 20.58

44.050 20.49

44.070 20.39

44.091 20.29

44.111 20.20

44.131 20.10

44.151 20.00

44.171 19.91

44.191 19.81

44.211 19.72

44.230 19.62

44.250 19.53

44.269 19.43

210

7813.5

211

7854,8

212

7896, 1

213

7937.4

214

7978.7

215

8020,1

216

8061.6

217

8103.0

218

8144.5

219

8186.0

220

8227.5

221

8269,1

222

8310,7

223

8352,4

224

8394.0

225

8435.7

226

8477.5

227

8519.2

228

8561.0

229

8602.8

41.250 31.49

41.282 31.38

41.313 31.28

41.344 31.17

41,375 31.07

41.406 30.97

41.437 30.86

41.468 30.76

41.499 30.66

41.529 30.55

41.560 30.45

41.590 30.34

41.621 30.24

41.651 30.14

41.681 30.03

41.711 29.93

41.741 29.82

41.771 29.72

41.800 29.62

41.830 29.51

270

10341.4

271

10384.4

272

10427.4

273

10470.4

274

10513.5

275

10556.5

276

10599.6

277

10642.7

278

10685.9

279

10729.0

280

10772.2

281

10815.4

282

10858.7

283

10901.9

284

10945.2

285

10988.5

286

11031.9

287

11075,2

288

11118.6

289

11162.0

42.953 25.28

42.978 25.17

43.003 25.07

43.028 24.97

43.053 24.87

43.078 24.77

43.103 24.66

43.127 24.56

43.152 24.46

43.176 24.36

43.200 24,26

43.225 24.16

43.249 24.06

43.273 23.95

43.297 23.85

43,320 23,75

43,344 23,65

43.368 23.55

43,391 23.45

43.415 23.35

330 12960,5

331 13004,8

332 13049,1

333 13093,4

334 13137,8

335 13182.2

336 13226.5

337 13271.0

338 13315.4

339 13359.8

340 13404.3

341 13448.8

342 13493.3

343 13537.8

344 13582.4

345 13626.9

346 13671.5

347 13716,1

348 13760.7

349 13805.3

44.289 19.34

44.308 19.24

44.327 19.15

44.346 19.05

44.365 18.96

44.384 18.86

44.403 18.77

44.422 18.68

44.441 18.58

44.459 18.49

44.477 18.40

44.496 18.30

44.514 18.21

44.532 18.12

44.550 18.03

44.568 17.93

44.586 17.84

44.604 17.75

44.622 17.66

44.639 17.57

230

8644.7

231

8686.5

232

8728.4

233

8770.4

234

8812.3

235

8854.3

236

8896.3

237

8938.4

238

8980.5

239

9022.6

240

9064.7

41.859 29.41

41.889 29.30

41.918 29.20

41.947 29.10

41.976 28.99

42.005 28.89

42.034 28.78

42.063 28.68

42.091 28.58

42.120 28.47

42.148 28.37

290 11205.4

291 11248.9

292 11292.3

293 11335.8

294 11379.4

295 11422.9

296 11466.5

297 11510.0

298 11553.7

299 11597.3

300 11640.9

43.438 23.25

43.461 23.15

43.484 23.05

43.507 22.95

43.530 22.85

43.553 22.75

43.576 22.65

43.598 22.55

43.621 22.45

43.643 22.35

43.665 22.25

350 13850.0

351 13894.7

352 13939.3
363 13984.0
354 14028.8

365 14073.5

356 14118.2

357 14163.0

358 14207.8

359 14252.6

360 14297.4

44.657 17.48

44.674 17.39

44.692 17.29

44.709 17.20

44.726 17.11

44.743 17.02

44.760 16.93

44.777 16.84

44.794 16.75

44.810 16.66

44.827 16.58

132

Table 6.5.2. Platinum, Pt— 67, versus Type JN thermoelements — thermoelectric voltages, E(T) , Seebeck

coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

C

360

14297.4

361

14342.3

362

14387. 1

363

14432.0

36'f

14476.9

365

14521.8

366

14566.7

367

14611.6

368

14656.6

369

14701 .5

370

14746,5

371

14791.5

372

14836.5

373

14881.5

374

14926.6

375

14971.6

376

15016.7

377

15061 . 8

378

15106.9

379

15152.0

380

15197.2

381

15242.3

382

15287,5

383

15332.6

384

15377.8

385

15423,0

386

15468,3

387

15513.5

388

15558,8

389

15604,0

390

15649,3

391

15694.6

392

15739.9

393

15785,2

394

15830.5

395

15875.9

396

15921.3

397

15966.6

398

16012 .0

399

16057.4

400

16102.8

401

16148.3

402

16193.7

403

16239.2

404

16284.6

405

16330.1

406

16375.6

407

16421.1

408

16466.6

409

16512.2

410

16557.7

411

16603.3

412

16648 . 8

413

16694.4

414

16740.0

415

16785.6

416

16831.2

417

16876.8

418

16922.5

419

16968,1

420

17013,8

S dS/dT

fiWC n\irc^

44,827 16.58

44.844 16.49

44.860 16.40

44.876 16.31

44,893 16,22

44,909 16,13

44,925 16,05

44,941 15,96

44,957 15,87

44.973 15,78

44,988 15.70

45,004 15,61

45,020 15,52

45,035 15,44

45,051 15,35

45,066 15,27

45,081 15,18

45,096 15,09

45,111 15,01

45,126 14,93

45.141 14.84

45.156 14.76

45.171 14.67

45.185 14.59

45.200 14.50

45.214 14.42

45.229 14.34

45.243 14.26

45.257 14.17

45.271 14.09

45.285 14.01

45.299 13.93

45.313 13.84

45.327 13.76

45.341 13.68

45,354 13,60

45,368 13,52

45.381 13.44

45,395 13,36

45,408 13.28

45.421 13.20

45.434 13,12

45,448 13,04

45,461 12,96

45,473 12,88

45.486 12.81

45.499 12.73

45.512 12,65

45,524 12,57

45,537 12,50

45,549 12.42

45,562 12,34

45,574 12,27

45.586 12.19

45.598 12.11

45.611 12.04

45.623 11.96

45.634 11.89

45.646 11.81

45.658 11,74

45,670 11,66

"C

420

17013,8

421

17059,5

422

17105,2

423

17150.9

424

17196.6

425

17242.3

426

17288.0

427

17333.8

428

17379.5

429

17425.3

430

17471.1

431

17516.9

432

17562.7

433

17608.5

434

17654.3

435

17700.1

436

17746.0

437

17791.8

438

17837,7

439

17883.5

440

17929,4

441

17975.3

442

18021,2

443

18067, 1

444

18113,1

445

18159,0

446

18204,9

447

18250,9

448

18296.9

449

18342,8

450

18388.8

451

18434,8

452

18480,8

453

18526,8

454

18572,8

455

18618,9

456

18664,9

457

18711,0

458

18757, 0

459

18803, 1

460

18849,2

461

18895,2

462

18941,3

463

18987,4

464

19033,5

465

190 79, 7

466

19125,8

467

19171,9

468

19218,1

469

19264,2

470

19310.4

471

19356.6

472

19402.7

473

19448.9

474

19495.1

475

19541.3

476

19587.5

477

19633.8

478

19680.0

479

19726.2

480

19772,5

S dS /dT

^V/»C nV/'C^

45,670 11,66

45,681 11,59

45,693 11,52

45,704 11,44

45.716 11.37

45.727 11.30

45.738 11.22

45.750 11.15

45.761 11.08

45.772 11.01

45.783 10.94

45.794 10,86

45,804 10,79

45,815 10.72

45.826 10,65

45.837 10.58

45.847 10.51

45.858 10.44

45.868 10.37

45.878 10.30

45.889 10.23

45.899 10,17

45,909 10,10

45,919 10,03

45,929 9,96

45,939 9,90

45,949 9,83

45,959 9,76

45,968 9,69

45,978 9,63

45,988 9,56

45,997 9,50

46,007 9,43

46,016 9,37

46,025 9,30

46,035 9,24

46,044 9,17

46,053 9,11

46,062 9,04

46,071 8,98

46,080 8.92

46,089 8.86

46.098 8.79

46.106 8.73

46,115 8,67

46,124 8,61

46.132 8.55

46.141 8.48

46.149 8,42

46,158 8,36

46,166 8.30

46,174 8.24

46.182 8.18

46.191 8,12

46,199 8,06

46,207 8,00

46,215 7,95

46,223 7,89

46,231 7,83

46,238 7,77

46,246 7,71

1

"C

480

19772,5

481

19818,7

482

19865,0

483

1991 1 ,2

484

19957,5

485

20003.8

486

20050. 1

487

20096.4

488

20142.7

489

20189.0

490

20235.3

491

20281.6

492

20328.0

493

20374,3

494

20420.6

495

20467.0

496

20513.3

497

20559.7

498

20606. 1

499

20652.5

500

20698.8

501

20745.2

502

20791.6

503

20838.0

504

20884.5

505

20930.9

506

20977.3

507

21023.7

508

21070.2

509

21116,6

510

21163,1

511

21209,5

512

21256,0

513

21302 ,4

514

21348,9

515

21395,4

516

21441,9

517

21488,4

518

21534,9

519

21581.4

520

21627.9

521

21674.4

522

21720.9

523

21767.4

524

21814.0

525

21860.5

526

21907.1

527

21953.6

528

22000.2

529

22046.7

530

22093.3

531

22139.8

532

22186.4

533

22233.0

534

22279.6

535

22326.2

536

22372.8

537

22419.4

538

22466.0

539

22512.6

540

22559.2

S dS/dT

46,246 7.71

46.254 7.66

46.261 7.60

46.269 7.64

46.276 7.49

46.284 7.43

46.291 7.37

46.299 7.32

46.306 7.26

46.313 7.21

46.320 7.15

46.328 7.10

46.335 7,04

46,342 6,99

46,349 6,94

46,355 6,88

46,362 6,83

46,369 6,78

46,376 6,72

46.383 6.67

46.389 6.62

46.396 6.57

46.402 6.51

46.409 6.46

46.415 6.41

46.422 6.36

46,428 6,31

46,434 6,26

46,441 6,21

46,447 6,16

46,453

6.11

46,459

6.06

46,465

6.01

46.471

5.96

46.477

5.91

46.483

5.87

46.489

5.82

46.494

5.77

46,500

5.72

46,506

5.67

46.511

5.63

46.517

5.58

46.523

5.53

46.528

5.49

46.534

5 .44

46.539

5.39

46.544

5.35

46.550

5.30

46.555

5.26

46.560

5.21

46.565

5.17

46.571

5.12

46.576

5.08

46.581

5.03

46.586

4.99

46.591

4.94

46.596

4.90

46.601

4.86

46.605

4.81

46.610

4.77

46.615

4.73

133

Table 6.5.2. Platinum, Pt— 67, versus Type JN thermoelements — thermoelectric voltages, E{T) , Seebeck
coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

°C

540

22559,2

541

? Pf^fl * ft

C. C-\J\J J • o

542

22652.4

543

22699.0

544

22745.7

545

22792.3

546

2 2839.0

547

22885.6

548

22932.2

549

22978.9

550

23025.6

5 51

2 3072.2

552

23118.9

553

23165.6

554

23212.2

555

23258.9

556

2 3306.6

557

23352.3

558

23399.0

559

23445.7

560

23492.4

23 5 39. 1

562

23585.8

563

23632.5

564

23679.2

565

23725.9

566

2 3772.6

567

23819.4

568

23866.1

569

23912.8

570

23959.6

9 Zl n n A.

^ H u o • J

572

24053.1

573

24099.8

574

24146.6

575

24193.3

5 76

2 A2 40 . 1

577

24286.8

578

24333.6

579

24380.4

580

24427.1

581

2 44 7 3 » 9

582

24520.7

583

24567.5

584

24614.2

585

24661.0

586

24707 . 8

587

24754.6

588

24801 .4

589

24848.2

590

24895.0

3 7 1

2 A- 94 1 8

592

24988.6

593

25035.4

594

25082.2

595

25129.0

596

25175.8

597

25222.7

598

25269.5

599

25316.3

600

25363.1

S dS/dT

/iVVC nV/°C^

46.615 4.73

46.620 4.69

46.624 4,64

46.629 4.60

46.633 4.56

46.638 4.52

46.643 4.47

46.647 4.43

46.651 4.39

46.656 4.35

46.660 4.31

46.664 4.27

46.669 4.23

46.673 4.19

46.677 4.15

46.681 4.11

46.685 4.07

46.689 4.03

46.693 3.99

46.697 3.95

46.701 3.91

46.705 3.87

46.709 3.83

46.713 3.79

46.716 3.75

46.720 3.71

46.724 3.67

46.728 3.64

46.731 3.60

46.735 3.56

46.738 3.52

46.742 3.48

46.745 3.45

46.749 3.41

46.752 3.37

46.755 3.33

46.759 3.30

46.762 3.26

46.765 3.22

46.768 3.18

46.772 3.15

46.775 3.11

46.778 3.07

46.781 3.04

46.784 3.00

46.787 2.96

46.790 2.93

46.793 2.89

46.796 - 2.86

46.798 2.82

46.801 2.78

46.804 2.75

46.807 2.71

46.809 2.68

46.812 2.64

46.815 2.60

46.817 2.57

46.820 2.53

46.822 2.50

46.825 2.46

46.827 2.42

T

E

"C

aV
H- '

600

25363.1

601

25410.0

602

2 5456 . 8

603

25503.6

604

25550.5

605

25597.3

606

25644. 1

607

25691 . 0

608

25737.8

609

25784.7

610

25831.5

611

25878.4

AIT

D V ^ D . <i

613

25972.1

614

26018.9

615

26065.8

616

26112.7

t O X _> 7 • J

618

26206.4

619

26253.3

620

26300. 1

621

26347.0

622

"5 /I "3 Q O O

4i6 jV-? . V

623

26440.7

624

26487.6

625

26534.5

626

26581.4

62 7

26628 . 2

628

26675. 1

629

26722.0

630

26768.9

631

26815.8

632

26862.7

633

26909.5

634

26956.4

635

27003,3

636

27050.2

63 7

2 70 97,1

638

27144,0

639

27190.9

640

27237.8

641

27284.7

642

27331.6

643

27378.5

644

27425.4

645

27472.3

646

27519.2

647

2 7566.1

648

27613.0

649

27659.9

650

27706.8

651

27753.7

652

27800.6

653

27847.5

654

27894.4

655

27941.3

656

27988.2

657

28035. 1

658

28082.0

659

23128.9

660 28175.8

s

dS/dT

mV/'C

nV/°C^

46.827

2.42

46 • 830

2.39

46.832

2.35

46.834

2.32

46.837

2.28

46.839

2.25

46.841

2.21

46.843

2.18

46.846

2.14

46.848

2.10

46.850

2.07

46 .8 52

2*03

46.854

2.00

46.856

1.96

46.858

1.93

46.860

1.89

46 .862

1.85

46.863

1.82

46.865

1.78

46.867

1.75

46.869

1.71

46 • 8 70

1 • 6 7

46.872

1.64

46.874

1.60

46.875

1.56

46.877

1.53

46 . 8 78

1.49

46.880

1 .45

46.881

1 .42

46.883

1.38

46.884

1.34

Zl A Q Q c;

i • J i

46.887

1.27

46.888

1.23

46.889

1.19

46. 890

1.16

46.891

1.12

46.892

1.08

46.893

1 .04

46.895

1.01

46.896

0.97

46. 896

0.93

46.897

0.89

46.898

0.85

46. 899

0.81

46.900 0.77

46.901 0.73

46.901 0.69

46.902 0.65

46.903 0.61

46.903

0.57

46.904

0.53

46.904

0.49

46.905

0.45

46.905

0.41

46. 906

0.37

46.906

0.33

46.906

0.29

46.907

0.24

46. 907

0.20

46.907

0.16

T

E

"C

uV

660

28175.8

DO 1

9 R 9 *? "5 7

662

28269.7

663

28316.6

664

28363.5

665

28410.4

666

28457 • 3

667

28504.2

668

28551.1

669

28598.0

670

28644.9

A 7 1

28691.8

672

28738.7

673

28785.6

674

28832.5

675

28879.4

676

^ o ? o . ^

677

28973.2

678

29020.1

679

29067.0

680

29113.9

681

29160. 8

682

29207.7

683

29254.6

684

29301.5

685

29348.4

686

29395 . 3

687

29442.2

688

29489.1

689

29536.0

690

29582.9

69 1

29629. 8

692

29676.7

693

29723.6

694

29770.5

695

29817.3

696

29864.2

697

29911.1

698

29958.0

699

30004.9

700

30051.7

701

^ n A Q Q A

702

30145.5

703

30192.4

704

30239.2

705

30286.1

706

Q ^N ^ Q O A

3 3 3 . U

707

30379.8

708

30426.7

709

30473.5

710

30520.4

711

n A 7 0

712

30614. 1

713

30660.9

714

30707.8

715

30754.6

716

30801.5

717

30848.3

718

30895. 1

719

30942 .0

720

30988.8

s

dS/dT

/iV/°C

nV/"*C^

46.907

0.16

0.12

46.907

0.07

46.907

0.03

46.907

-0.02

46.907

-0.06

/i A O A 7

—0 • 10

46.907

-0.15

46.907

-0-19

46.907

-0.24

46,906

-0.29

46 • 906

—0 .33

46.906

-0.38

46.905

-0«42

46.905

-0.47

46.904

-0.52

/i A Q A A

— A 7

46.903

-0.62

46.903

-0.66

46.902

-0.71

46.901

-0.76

46.900

-0.81

46.899

-0.86

46.899

-0.91

46,898

-0.97

46.897

-1.02

46.896

-1.07

46.894

-1.12

46.893

-1.18

46.892

-1.23

46.891 -1.28

46.890 -1.34

46.888 -1.39

46.887 -1.45

46.885 -1.50

46.884 -1.56

46.882 -1.62

46.881 -1.68

46.879 -1.73

46.877 -1.79

46.875 -1.85

46.873 -1.91

46.871 -1.97

46.869 -2.03

46.867 -2.09

46.865 -2.16

46.863 -2.22

46.861 -2.28

46.858 -2.35

46.856 -2.41

46.854

-2.48

46.851

-2.54

46.849

-2.61

46. 846

-2.68

46.843

-2.74

46.840

-2.81

46.838

-2.88

46.835

-2.95

46.832

-3.02

46.829

-3.09

46.826

-3.17

Table 6.5.2. Platinum, Pt— 67, versus Type JIS thermoelements — thermoelectric voltages, E(T) , Seeheck
coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

c
c.

e

"»C

720

J Vy 7 O O # O

uf-, _ ft P

to . O ^ D

721

31035.6

46.822

722

31082.4

46.819

723

31129 3

46 .816

72 A

31176.1

46.812

725

31222.9

46. 809

726

31269.7

46.805

727

31316.5

46.802

728

31363.3

46 . 798

729

31410, 1

46.794

730

31456.9

46.790

731

31503.7

46.786

732

31550.5

46.782

733

31597.2

46.778

734

31644.0

46.774

735

31690.8

46.769

dS/dT T E

-3.17 735 31690.8

-3.24 736 31737.6

-3.31 737 31784.3

-3.39 738 31831.1

-3.46 739 31877.8

-3.54 740 31924.6

-3.61 741 31971.3

-3.69 742 32018.1

-3.77 743 32064.8

-3.85 744 32111.5

-3.93 745 32158.2

-4.01 746 32205.0

-4.09 747 32251.7

-4.17 748 32298.4

-4,25 749 32345.1

-4.34 750 32391,8

c
o

/<e 1 AT
uo /u 1

1

•c

46 • 769

—4 ,34

750

46.765

-4.42

751

46.761

-4.51

752

46 . 756

— 4.60

75 3

46 . 751

— 4.68

754

46 . 747

-4, 77

755

46.742

-4,86

756

46.737

-4,95

757

46.732

-5,04

758

46.727

-5,13

759

46.722

-5.23

760

46.716

-5.32

46.711

-5.42

46,706

-5.51

46.700

-5.61

46.694

-5.71

C

s

dS /dT

/xV

nV/'C

32391.8

4 6 • 694

— 5.71

32438.5

46.689

-5,81

32485.2

46.683

-5,91

32 5 31.8

46.677

— A C\'\

32578.5

46.671

-6,11

32625.2

46.665

-6,21

32671.8

46.658

-6,32

32718.5

46.652

-6.42

32765.2

46.645

-6.53

32811.8

46.639

-6.64

32858.4

46.632

-6.75

135

Table 6.5.3. Thermoelectric values at the fixed points for platinum, Pt-67, versus Type JN thermoelements

Temp.

E

S

dS/dT

Fixed point

°C

mV

mV/°C

nY/°0

Nitrogen TP

— 210.002

— 5535

4

19

429

76.07

Nitrogen NBP

— 195.802

— 5251

9

20

490

73.47

Oxygen NBP

— 182 .962

— 4982

8

21

419

71 .32

Carbon Dioxide SP

— 78.476

-2381

8

28

147

58.57

Mercury FP

— 38.862

— 1221

8

30

394

54.92

Ice point

0.000

0

0

32

462

51.52

Ether TP

26.870

890

6

33

815

49.18

Water BP

100.000

3489

2

37

171

42.51

Benzoic TP

122 .370

4331

2

38

098

40.36

Indium FP

156 634

5659

6

39

423

36.96

Tin FP

231 .9681

8727

1

41

917

29.20

Bismuth FP

271 .442

10403

4

42

989

25.13

Cadmium FP

321 . 108

12567

4

44

113

20.19

Lead FP

327.502

12849

9

44

240

19.57

Mercury BP

356.660

14147

8

44

771

16.87

Zinc FP

419.580

16994

6

45

665

11 ,69

Sulphur BP

444.674

18144

0

45

936

9.92

Lu-Al r r

u

46

652

A Q Q

Antimony FP

630.74

26803

6

46

885

1.32

Aluminum FP

660.37

28193

2

46

907

0.14

Table 6.5.4. Estimated maximum errors that occur when using reduced-bit arithmetic for the power series
expansion for the thermoelectric voltage of platinum, Pt-67, versus Type J N thermoelements

Temperature range

Degree

Estimated maximum error in microvolts

12 Bit

16 Bit

24 Bit

27 Bit

36 E

5it

-210 to -100 °C

7

4

0.3

<0.1

<0,1

<0

1

-100 to 0°C

7

2

0.1

<0 1

<0 1

<0

1

0 to 200 °C

7

3

0.2

<0.1

<0.1

<0

1

200 to 400 °C

7

5

0.3

<0.1

<0 1

<0

1

400 to 600 °C

7

6

0.5

<0.1

<0.1

<0

1

600 to 760 °C

7

8

0.6

<0.1

<0.1

<0

1

136

7. TYPE K — A^icfee/— Chromium Alloy Versus /Vic/ccZ— Aluminum

Alloy Thermocouples

7.1. Material Specifications and Precautions

This type is more resistant to oxidation at elevated
temperatures than the Types E, J or T thermocouples
and consequently it finds wide application at temper-
atures above 500 °C. The positive thermoelement,
KP, which is the same as EP, is an alloy that typically
contains about 89 to 90 percent nickel, 9 to nearly 9.5
percent chromium, both silicon and iron in amounts
up to about 0.5 percent, plus smaller amounts of other
constituents such as carbon, manganese, cobalt and
niobium. The negative thermoelement, KN, is typically
composed of about 95 to 96 percent nickel, 1 to 1.5
percent silicon, 1 to 2.3 percent aluminum, 1.6 to 3.2
percent manganese, up to about 0.5 percent cobalt and
smaller amounts of other constituents such as iron,
copper and lead. Type KN thermoelements with modi-
fied compositions are also available for use in special
applications. These include alloys in which the man-
ganese and aluminum contents are reduced or elimi-
nated, while the silicon and cobalt contents are in-
creased.

Type K thermocouples were developed in 1906 and
were known originally as "Chromel" ^ versus
"Alumel" ^ thermocouples. The Hoskins Manufac-
turing Company was the sole manufacturer of these
thermocouples in this country until the mid-1940's.
After this time other Type K thermocouples such as
Topel ^ versus Nial ^, Tj^ versus T->^, and Thermo
Kanthal KP* versus ThermoKanthal KN* were in-
troduced commercially.

The first reference tables for Type K thermocouples
to gain general industry-wide acceptance were the ones
prepared by Roeser et al. in 1935. They based their
tables upon the calibrations of 30 samples of No. 8
AWG Type KP and Type KN thermoelements, except
that below 0 °C they used only two samples each of
the KP and KN thermoelements. The thermoelements
were all furnished by the Hoskins Manufacturing Co.
(the only manufacturer at the time), and they were
selected by the manufacturer from 100 production
tests. The tabular values of Roeser et al. [1935] were
corrected by Shenker et al. [1951 and 1955] to ac-
count for changes in the temperature scales and elec-
trical units and presented in NBS Circular 561.

Extensive research on the subzero properties of Type
K thermocouples was performed by members of the
Cryogenics Division in Boulder. That research was
summarized and tabulated by Sparks et al. [1972] in
NBS Monograph 124. Wliile they found the Type E
thermocouple to be the most satisfactory of the stand-
ardized letter-designated type thermocouples for meas-
urements down to liquid hydrogen temperature (20.28
K), Type K thermocouples may also be used at these
temperatures. However, their Seebeck coefficient
(about 4 ixY/K at 20 K) is only about one-half of
that of Type E thermocouples. Furthermore, the ther-

^ Trademark — Hnskins Manufacturing Company.
- Trademark — Wilbur B. Driver Company.

Trademark — Driver Harris Company.
* Trademark — Kanthal Corporation.

moelectric homogeneity of KN thermoelements is gen-
erally not quite as good as that of EN thermoelements.
Both the KP and the KN thermoelements do have a
relatively low thermal conductivity and good resistance
to corrosion in moist atmospheres at low temperatures.

Type K thermocouples are recommended by the
ASTM [1970] for continuous use at temperatures
within the range — 250 to 1260 °C in oxidizing or
inert atmospheres. Both the KP and the KN thermo-
elements are subject to oxidation when used in air
above about 850 °C, but even so, Type K thermocou-
ples may be used at temperatures up to about 1350 °C
for short periods with only small changes in calibra-
tion. When oxidation occurs it normally leads to a
gradual increase in the thermoelectric voltage with
time. The magnitude of the change in the thermoelec-
tric voltage and the physical life of the thermocouple
will depend upon such factors as the temperature, time
at temperature, diameter of the thermoelements and
conditions of use. The thermoelectric instability of
Type K thermocouples in air at elevated temperatures
has been carefully studied by Dahl [1941], Potts and
McElroy [1962], Burley and Ackland [1967] and by
Wang et al. [1969] and their work should be con-
sulted for details.

In addition, the ASTM Manual STP 470 [1970]
gives the following restrictions on the use of Type K
thermocouples :

They should not be used in sulfurous, reducing,
or alternately reducing and oxidizing atmospheres
unless suitably protected with protecting tubes. They
should not be used in vacuum ( at high temperatures)
for extended times because the chromium in the posi-
tive thermoelement vaporizes out of solution and alters
the calibration. They should also not be used in atmos-
pheres that promote "green-rot" corrosion ( those with
low, but not negligible, oxygen content).

Both thermoelements of Type K thermocouples are
reasonably stable, thermoelectrically, under neutron
irradiation since the resulting changes in their chem-
ical compositions due to transmutation are small. The
KN thermoelements are somewhat less stable than the
KP thermoelements in that they experience a small
increase in the iron content accompanied by a slight
decrease in the manganese and cobalt contents.

Neither thermoelement of a Type K thermocouple
is very sensitive to minor changes in composition or
impurity level because both are already heavily al-
loyed. Similarly, they are also not extremely sensitive
to minor differences in heat treatment (provided that
the treatment does not violate any of the restrictions
mentioned above). For most general applications they
may be used with the heat treatment routinely given
by the wire manufacturer. However, when extreme
accuracy is sought, the thermoelements may require
additional preparatory heat treatments in order to
achieve the desired results. Details on this and other
phases of the use and behavior of Type K thermo-
couples are 2;iven in the articles by Potts and McElroy
[1962]. and" Burley [1969 and 1971].

137

ASTM Standard E230-72 in the Annual Book of
ASTM Standards [1972] specifies that the standard
limits of error for Type K commercial thermocouples
be ± 2.2 °C between 0 and 277 °C and ± % per-
cent between 277 and 1260 °C. Limits of error are
not specified for Type K thermocouples below 0 °C.
Type K thermocouples can also be supplied to meet
special limits of error, which are equal to one half
the standard limits of error given above. The recom-
mended upper temperature limit for protected Type K
thermocouples, 1260 °C, applies for AWG 8 (3.3 mm)
wire. For smaller wires it decreases to 1093 °C for
AWG 14 (1.6 mm), 982 °C for AWG 20 (0.8 mm),
and 871 °C for AWG 24 or 28 (0.5 or 0.3 mm).

While limits of error for single-leg thermoelements
versus platinum are not given in ASTM Standard
E230-72. the Type KP and KN thermoelements are
supplied, by common practice, to a voltage tolerance
equivalent to one half the tolerance specified for the
Type K thermocouple.

7.2. Data Analyses and Comparisons

The fitting functions for Type K thermocouples are
based on three sets of data: below 0 °C, the research
and equations of Sparks et al. [1972] were used di-
recdy; above 0 "C, values from NBS Circular 561,
Shenker et al. [1955] were used after being modified
to be on the new IPTS-68. Also used for fitting above
0 '^C were two representative calibrations from the
Temperature Section of the National Bureau of Stand-
ards in Gaithersburg. Unfortunately there were no
data available for both high- and low-temperature
calibrations on the same spool or lot of present-day
material. This deficiency leads to difficulties in join-
ing high- and low-temperature calibration curves near
0 °C.

Sparks et al. [1972] based their recommended low
temperature values for the positive thermoelement,
KP, on a selected wire that was most representative
of three wires selected from nine spools made by three
different manufacturers. Material from all nine spools
was certified by their manufacturers to be within the
special limits of error (as listed in the last section) at
high temperatures. Similarly, the negative thermoele-
ment, KN, represented the most representative wire
from a similar sampling. The wires for both positive
and negative thermoelements were selected after com-
pletion of careful spot calibration and inhomogeneity
tests as described in Monograph 124, Sparks et al.
[1972]. Values for the single thermoelements are
given versus the platinum reference standard, Pt-67.
Thermoelectric values for both thermoelements and the
combination were relatively difficult to fit precisely.
Values for the positive thermoelement required a 12th
degree power series to fit 68 points between about
— 270 and 0 °C with an imprecision of 0.12 /^V; the
negative thermoelement required a 12th degree power
series to give 0.13 /jY; and the combination (fit inde-
pendently), 10th degree for an imprecision of 0.08
//V. In Monograph 124 the two thermoelements and
the total combination were fit independently; for this
Monograph equations for the total combination and

for the positive thermoelement were used directly but
the negative values were obtained by subtraction, sym-
bolically, KN = K — KP. Therefore the equation for
KN given in this Monograph will differ very slightly
from the °C transformation of the one given in Mono-
graph 124. The difference in calculated values will
usually be less than the imprecision of the separate

fits, 0.13 ;uV.

Representative calibration data on Type K thermo-
couples are much more sparse above 0 °C than they
are below. Some of the data points for Type K were
selected from NBS Circular 561, adjusted to the pres-
ent temperature scale, IPTS-68. The others were
taken from two representative calibrations for Type K
thermocouples that were furnished by the Tempera-
ture Section of the National Bureau of Standards,
Gaithersburg. The fitting power series was constrained
to have the same values for the thermoelectric voltage
and Seebeck coefficient at 0 °C as those obtained from
the low temperature equations. A tenth degree equa-
tion (with constrained constant and linear term and
a three constant exponential term) fit 63 selected key
tabular and experimental data points between 0 and
1402 °C with an imprecision of 7.8 pY. Note that
this is almost 100 times greater than for the low tem-
perature fit. The second derivative was not constrained
at the join.

Fortunately there was a large amount of good data
for the positive thermoelement, KP. The fit was based
on 93 data points from three calibrations (selected
from a set of 13 calibrations) provided by the Tem-
perature Section of the National Bureau of Standards
and from a set of selected values in a widely dis-
tributed, but unpublished. NBS thermoelement table
[Burns, 1967]. All of the high temperature values
had to be adjusted to be on the IPTS-68 and to be
referenced to Pt-67. A seventh degree equation, with
the constant and linear terms constrained to match
the low temperature values, had a fitting imprecision
of 6.0 fxV for a range from 0 to 1371 °C.

The values for thermoelectric voltages of Type K
thermocouples given in this Monograph were com-
pared to those given by Shenker et al. [1955] in NBS
Circular 561, to those given by Sparks et al. [1972],
and to four representative calibrations from the Tem-
perature Section of the National Bureau of Standards,
Gaithersburg. The deviations are shown in figure
7.2.1. The values from NBS Circular 561 were ad-
justed to the IPTS-68. Above 0 °C, the deviations
between the values in this Monograph and those in
NBS Circular 561 are caused primarily by the differ-
ences in fitting techniques. Below 0 °C, the deviations
are caused primarily by chemical composition changes
in the thermoelements. The modern materials are
slightly different in some of the minor additives. Sim-
ilar graphs for the Type KP and KN thermoelements
are given in figures 7.2.2 and 7.2.3.

Deviations between values given in this Monograph
and those given in NBS Circular 561 are shown more
clearly in figure 7.2.4. The earlier values were adjusted
to the IPTS-68. The width of the curve indicates the
roundoff uncertainty (10 jiiV) in the tabular values
given in NBS Circular 561.

138

160

>

:i 80

I

d.

X

UJ

<

-160

1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

1

'^^^^^'^ A=+I°C

0 No. 43 \

A= - rc

-

A No. 6 \

—

V No. 26

- O Table 561

• NBS-B

1 1 1 1

1 1 iV 1

1

-0.4

0.4 0.8
TEMPERATURE,°C

1.2

.6x 10

Figure 7.2.1. Deviations of thermoelectric voltages of Type K
thermocouples — comparison of values given in this Mono-
graph to those given by: Table 561, NBS Circular 561;
NBS-B, Sparks, et al. [1972]; Nos. 6, 26, 27, and 43, se-
lected calibrations from the Temperature Section (NBS,
Gaithersburg) .

Values from previous publications and tests are adjusted to the IPTS— 68.
The dashed lines indicate a deviation of 1 °C.

100

60

>

"a! 20

Q.

UJ -20

< -60
>
UJ
Q

-100

-140

—

1 1

1 1 1 '
>^A= + 1 °C ^Ci

1 '

-

-

A_=_- L°_C_ nil -

~ o

Ind Tables \

—

O

No. 17

A

No. 1

_ □

No. 2

-

V

No. 9

- •

NBS-B

1 1

1 1 1 1

1 i

-04

04 0.8
TEMPERATURE °C

1.2

.6x 10

Figure 7.2.2. Deviations of thermoelectric voltages of Type
KP (or EP) thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 — com-
parison of values in this Monograph to those given by: Ind.
Tables, unpublished NBS data by Burns [1967]; NBS-B,
Sparks, et al. [1972]; Nos. 1, 2, 9 and 17, selected calibra-
tions from the Temperature Section iNBS, Gaithersburg) .

Values from previous publications and tests are adjusted to the IPTS— 68.
The dashed lines indicate a deviation of 1 °C.

100

> 60

20 —

O -20
>

UJ
Q

-60

-100

1 1 I 1 ' 1

' 1 '

A = + 2°C _ ^x;"-'^^

_ A=-2°c y^^^^T,^^'^^^

o Ind. Table

O No. 1

_ A No. 8

□ No, 10

V No. 16

~ • NBS-B

1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1

-0.4

0.4 0.8
TEMPERATURE, °C

1.2

1.6 X 10

Figure 7.2.3. Deviations of the thermoelectric voltages of plat-
inum, Pt-67, versus Type KN thermoelements — comparison
of values given in this Monograph to those given by: Ind.
Table, unpublished NBS data by Burns [1967]; NBS-B,
Sparks, et al. [1972] ; Nos. 1, 8, 10, and 16, selected calibra-
tions from the Temperature Section (NBS, Gaithersburg).

Values from previi>us publications and tests are adjusted to the IPTS— 68.
The dashed lines indicate a deviation of 2 °C.

139

Figure 7.2.4. Differences in the thermoelectric voltages jar Type K thermocouples—comparison
of values given in this Monograph to those given in NBS Circular 561.

The width of the shaded curve indicates the round-off uncertainty in the previous tabular values. Values from NBS
Circular 561 are adjusted to the IPTS— 68. The dashed lines indicate a deviation of 1 °C.

7.3. Reference Functions and Tables for
Type K Thermocouples

The coefficients for the tenth degree expansion for
the thermoelectric voltage of Type K thermocouples
below 0 °C are given in table 7.3.1. The coefficients
for the eighth degree expansion plus an exponential
term for use above 0 °C are also given in table 7.3.1.
The errors caused by using reduced bit arithmetic for
calculating values of the functions are given in table
7.3.4.

The primary reference values for Type K thermo-
couples are given in table 7.3.2. Values at selected
fixed points are given in table 7.3.3. Graphs of the
thermoelectric voltage, its first derivative (Seebeck
coefficient), and second derivative are given in figures
7.3.1, 7.3.2, and 7.3.3, respectively.

It should be stressed that Type K thermocouple
materials that conform closely to the high tem-
perature values may not necessarily conform
closely at low temperatures (below 0 °C) and
vice versa. If Type K thermocouples are to be used
for accurate measurements both above and below
0 °C, then the material must be calibrated in the full
temperature range, both above and below 0 °C. Spe-
cial selection of material will often be required.

TEMPERATURE,°C

Figure 7.3.1. Thermoelectric voltage for Type K thermo

couples.

The circles indicate values at various thermometric fixed points on lh<
IPTS-68.

140

Table 7.3.1. Power series expansion for the
thermoelectric voltage of Type K thermocouples

Tempera-

ture

range

Degree

CoeflScients

Term

-270 to

10

3.9475433139 X 10^

T

0 °C

2.7465251138 X IQ-^

f2

-1.6565406716 X lO""

-1.5190912392 X lO''

T*

-2.4581670924 X lO"'

-2.4757917816 X lO-'"

j'e

-1.5585276173 X 10"

T

-5.9729921255 X lO'i^

ys

-1.2688801216 X lO'i*

-1.1382797374 X lO-""

flQ

0 to

8+ exp.

-1.8533063273 X 10'

1372 °C

3.8918344612 X 10'

T

1.6645154356 X lO'^

-7.8702374448 X 10"'

2.2835785557 X 10"'

T*

-3.5700231258 X 10-"

2.9932909136 X lO""

r«

-1.2849848798 X 10-i«

7-7

2.2239974336 X lO'^o

r 1 /r-127\

+ '''^^^1 65 j

1

141

Table 7.3.2. Type K thermocouples — theimoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C

1

c

•c

270

-6457.82

269

-6456.99

268

-6455.99

267

-6454.81

266

-6453.45

265

-6451.90

26^+

-6450.15

263

-6448.20

262

-6446.06

261

-6443.71

260

-6441.15

259

-6438.38

258

-6435.40

257

-6432.20

256

-6428.79

255

-6425.15

254

-6421.30

253

-6417.23

252

-6412.94

251

-6408.42

250

-6403.68

249

-6398.71

248

-6393.53

247

-6388.11

246

-6382.47

245

-6376.61

244

-6370.52

243

-6364.21

242

-6357.67

241

-6350.91

240 -6343.92

S dS/dT

0.739 168.65

0.911 174.56

1.088 180.02
1.270 185.07
1.458 189.72

1.650 193.98

1.846 197.89

2.045 201.46

2.248 204.70

2.455 207.64

2.664 210.29

2.875 212.67

3.089 214.79
3.305 216.67
3.522 218.31

3.741 219.74

3.962 220.97

4.183 222.01

4.406 222.87

4.629 223.57

4.853 224.10

5.077 224.49

5.302 224.75

5.526 224.87

5.751 224.88

5.976 224.78

6.201 224.58

6.425 224.28

6.649 223.90

6.873 223.44

7.096 222.90

T

E

/iV

-240

-6343.92

-239

-6336.72

-2 38

-6329.29

-237

-6321.63

-236

-6313. 76

-235

-6305.67

-234

-6297.36

-233

-6288.83

-232

-6280.08

-231

-6271.12

-230

-6261.93

-229

-6252.54

-228

-6242.93

-227

-6233. 11

-226

-6223.08

-225

-6212.83

-224

-6202.38

-223

-6191.72

-222

-6180.85

-221

-6169.77

-220

-6158.49

-219

-6147.01

-218

-6135.32

-217

-6123.43

-216

-6111.34

-215

-6099.05

-214

-6086.56

-213

-6073.87

-212

-6060.98

-211

-6047.90

-210 -6034.63

S dS/dT

7.096 222.90

7.319 222.30

7.541 221.63

7.762 220.91

7.983 220.14

8.202 219.32

8.421 218.47

8.639 217.57

8.856 216.65

9.073 215.70

9.288 214.72

9.502 213.72

9.715 212.70

9.927 211.67

10.139 210.62

10.349 209.57

10.558 208.51

10.766 207.44

10.973 206.37

11.178 205.30

11.383 204.23

11.587 203.17

11.789 202.10

11.991 201.04

12.192 199.99

12.391 198.95

12.589 197.91

12.787 196.89

12.983 195.87

13.179 194.86

13.373 193.87

J

Of*
V,

-210

-6034. 63

-209

-6021.16

-208

-6007.49

-207

-5993.64

-206

-5979. 59

-205

-5965.36

-204

-5950.93

-203

-5936.32

-202

-5921.52

-201

-5906.53

-200

-5891.36

-199

-5876.00

-198

-5860 .46

-197

-5844. 74

-196

-5828.84

-195

-5812.75

-194

-5796.48

-193

-5780.03

-192

-5763.41

-191

-5746.61

-190

-5729.62

-189

-5712.47

-188

-5695.13

-187

-5677.62

-186

-5659.94

-185

-5642.08

-184

-5624.05

-183

-5605.85

-182

-5587.47

-181

-5568.92

-180 -5550.21

S dS/dT

13.373 193.87

13.566 192.89

13.759 191.92

13.950 190.96

14.141 190.02

14.330 189.08

14.519 188.17

14.707 187.26

14.893 186.37

15.079 185.49

15.264 184.63

15.449 183.78

15.632 182.94

15.814 182.12

15.996 181.30

16.177 180.50

16.357 179.72

16.537 178.94

16.715 178.18

16.893 177.43

17.070 176.69

17.246 175.96

17.422 175.24

17.597 174.53

17.771 173.83

17.944 173.14

18.117 172.46

18.289 171.79

18.461 171.12

18.632 170.47

18.802 169.82

142

Table 7.3.2. Type K thermocouples — thermoelectric voltqges, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

c

"C

uV

180

-5550.21

179

-5531.32

178

-5512,27

177

-5493.04

176

-5473.65

175

-5454.09

17A

-5434.36

173

-5414.47

172

-5394.41

171

-5374.19

170

-5353.80

169

-5333.25

168

-5312.54

167

—5291.66

166

-5270.63

165

-5249.43

164

-5228.07

163

-5206.55

162

-5184.87

161

-5163.03

160

-5141.03

159

-5118.88

158

-5096.57

157

-5074. 10

156

-5051.47

155

-5028.69

154

-5005.76

153

-4982.67

152

-49 59.42

151

-4936.03

150

-4912.48

149

-4888.77

148

-4864.92

147

—4840 ft 92

146

-4816.76

145

-4792.46

144

-4768.00

143

-4743.40

142

-471 8.65

141

-4693.75

140

-4668.71

139

-4643.52

138

-4618.18

137

-4592. 70

136

-4567,07

135

-4541.30

134

-4515.38

133

-4489,33

1 J c.

— M-t D J3 ♦ X J3

131

-4436,78

130

-4410.30

129

-4383.68

128

-4356.92

127

-4330.02

126

-4302.97

125

-4275.80

124

-4248.48

123

-4221.03

122

-4193.44

121

-4165.71

120 -4137.85

S dS/dT

18.802 169.82

18.971 169.18
19.140 168.54
19o?08 167.91
19.476 167.29

19.643 166.67

19,809 166,06

19,975 165.45

20.140 164.85

20.305 164.25

20,469 163,66

20.632 163.06

20.795 162,47

20,957 161,89

21,119 161,31

21.280 160.72

21.440 160.15

21,600 159,57

21.759 158.99

21.918 158.42

22.076 157.85

22.234 157.27

22.391 156.70

22.547 156.13

22.703 155.56

22.858 154.99

23.013 154.42

23,167 153,85

23,320 153,27

23,473 152.70

23,626 152.13

23.778 151.56

23.929 150.98

24.080 150.41

24.230 149.83

24.379 149.26

24.528 148.68

24.677 148.10

24.825 147.52

24.972 146.94

25.118 146.36

25,264 145.77

25.410 145.19

25.555 144.60

25.699 144,01

25,843 143,42

25,986 142,83

26,129 142,24

26.270 141.65

26.412 141.06

26.553 140.46

26.693 139.87

26.832 139.27

26.971 138.67

27.110 138.07

27.247 137.47

27.385 136.87

27.521 136.26

27.657 135.66

27.792 135.05

27.927 134.45

T E

-120 -4137.85

-119 -4109.86

-118 -4081.73

-117 -4053.47

-116 -4025,08

-115 -3996.55

-114 -3967.89

-113 -3939,10

-112 -3910,19

-111 -3881.14

-110 -3851.96

-109 -3822.66

-108 -3793.22

-107 -3763.66

-106 -3733.98

-105 -3704.16

-104 -3674.23

-103 -3644.16

-102 -3613.98

-101 -3583.67

-100 -3553.23

-99 -3522.68

-98 -3492.00

-97 -3461.21

-96 -3430.29

-95 -3399.25

-94 -3368.10

-93 -3336.82

-92 -3305.43

-91 -3273.92

-90 -3242.30

-89 -3210.55

-88 -3178.70

-87 -3146.73

-86 -3114.64

-85 -3082.44

-84 -3050.13

-83 -3017.71

-82 -2985.17

-81 -2952.53

-80 -2919.77

-79 -2886.91

-78 -2853.93

-77 -2820,85

-76 -2787.66

-75 -2754.36

-74 -2720.96

-73 -2687.45

-72 -2653.84

-71 -2620.12

-70 -2586.30

-69 -2552.37

-68 -2518.34

-67 -2484.21

-66 -2449.98

-65 -2415.65

-64 -2381.22

-63 -2346.69

-62 -2312.06

-61 -2277.34

-60 -2242.51

S dS/dT

^V/oC nV/'C^

27.927 134.45

28.061 133.84

28.195 133.23

28.328 132.62

28.460 132.01

28.592 131.40

28.723 130.79

28.853 130.17

28.983 129.56

29.113 128.95

29,241 128,33

29.369 127.71

29.497 127.10

29.623 126.48

29.750 125.86

29.875 125.24

30.000 124.62

30.124 124.00

30.248 123.38

30.371 122.76

30.494 122.14

30.615 121.51

30.737 120.89

30.857 120.26

30.977 119.64

31.096 119.01

31.215 118.39

31,333 117,76

31,451 117.13

31.567 116.50

31.684 115.87

31.799 115.24

31.914 114.61

32.028 113.97

32.142 113.34

32.255 112.71

32.368 112.07

32.479 111.43

32.590 110.80

32.701 110.16

32.811 109.52

32.920 108.88

33.028 108.24

33.136 107.60

33.244 106.95

33.350 106.31

33.456 105.67

33.562 105.02

33.666 104.37

33.770 103.73

33.874 103,08

33.977 102.43

34.079 101.78

34.180 101.13

34.281 100.48

34.381 99.83

34.481 99.17

34.579 98.52

34.678 97.86

34.775 97.21

34.872 96.56

T

I

t

"C

-60

-2242.51

-59

-2207.59

-58

-2172.58

-57

-2137.47

-56

-2102.26

-55

-2066.96

-54

-2031,57

-53

-1996.08

-52

-1960. 50

-51

-1924.83

-50

-1889.07

-49

-1853.23

-48

-1817.29

-47

-1781.26

-46

-1745.14

-45

-1708.94

-44

-1672.65

-43

-1636.27

-42

-1599. 81

-41

-1563.27

-40

-1526.64

-39

-1489.92

-38

-1453.13

-37

-1416.25

-36

-1379.29

-35

-1342.25

-34

-1305.13

-33

-1267.93

-32

-1230.66

-31

-1193.29

-30

-1155.85

-29

-1118.34

-28

-1080.75

-27

-1043 .09

-26

-1005.35

-25

-967.54

-24

-929.65

-23

-891.69

-22

-853.66

-21

-815.55

-20

-777.38

-19

-739.13

-18

-700.81

-17

-662.43

-16

-623.97

-15

-585.45

-14

-546.87

-13

-508.21

- 1 2

—46 9.49

-11

-430.70

-10

-391.86

-9

-352.94

-8

-313.97

-7

-274.93

-6

-235.83

-5

-196.67

-4

-157,45

-3

-118,17

-2

-78.84

-1

-39,45

0 0.00

c
o

/ AT

uo/ U 1

uV/'C

34.872

96.56

34.968

95.90

35.064

95.24

35. 159

94.59

35.253

93.93

35.347

93.27

35.439

92.62

35,532

91.96

35.623

91.30

35.714

90.65

35.805

89.99

35.894

89*33

35.983

88.68

36.072

88.02

36.159

87.37

36.246 86.71

36.333 86.06

36.419 85.40

36.504 84.75

36.588 84.10

36.672 83.45

36.755 82.80

36.837 82.15

36.919 81.50

37,000 80.85

37.081 80.20

37.161 79.55

37.240 78.91

37.319 78.26

37.397 77.61

37.474 76.97
37.551 76.32
37,627 75.67
37.702 75.03
37.777 74.38

37.851 73.73

37.924 73.08

37.997 72,43

38.069 71,77

38.140 71.11

38.211 70.45

38.281 69.79

38.351 69.12

38.419 68.44
38.488 67.76

38.555 67.07

38.622 66.37

38.688 65.66

38.753 64.94

38.818 64.21

38.881 63.47

38.945 62.71

39.007 61.94

39.068 61.15

39.129 60.33

39.189 59.50

39.248 58.64

39.306 57.76

39.364 56.85

39.420 55.91

39.475 54.93

143

Table 7.3.2. Type K thermocouples— thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C-— Continued

T E S dS/dT

°C ^V/°C nV/°C^

0 0.0 39.475 45.65

1 39.5 39.521 45.28

2 79.0 39.566 44,92

3 118,6 39.611 44.55

4 158.3 39,655 44.19

5 197.9 39.699 43.82

6 237.7 39.743 43.45

7 277.4 39.786 43,08

8 317,2 39,829 42,71

9 357.1 39.871 42.33

10 397.0 39.914 41.95

11 436.9 39.955 41.57

12 476.9 39.997 41.18

13 516.9 40.038 40.79

14 557.0 40.078 40.40

15 597.1 40.118 40.00

16 637.2 40.158 39.60

17 677.4 40.198 39.19

18 717.6 40.237 38.78

19 757.8 40.275 38.36

20 798.1 40.313 37.94

21 838.5 40.351 37.51

22 878.8 40.388 37.07

23 919.3 40.425 36.63

24 959.7 40.462 36.18

25 1000.2 40.498 35.72

26 1040.7 40.533 35.26

27 1081.2 40.568 34.79

28 1121.8 40.603 34.31

29 1162.4 40.637 33.82

■ 30 1203.1 40.670 33.33

31 1243.8 40.703 32.82

32-' 1284.5 40.736 32.31

..3-3 1325.3 40.768 31.79

34 1366.0 40.800 31.27

35: 1406,9 40,831 30.73

36 1447.7 40.861 30.18

37 1488.6 40,891 29.63
.. 38 1529.5 40.920 29.07

39 1570.4 40.949 28.49

AO 1611.4 40.977 27.91

41 1652.4 41.005 27.32

,42 1693.4 41.032 26.72

.43 1734.4 41.058 26,12

44 1775,5 41,084 25,50

45 1816.6 41.109 24.87

46 1857.7 41. 134 24.24
. 47 1898.9 41.158 23.59

48 1940.0 41.181 22.94

49 1981.2 41.204 22.28

50 2022.4 41.226 21.61

51 2063.7 41.247 20.93

52 2104.9 41.267 20.24

53 2146.2 41.287 19.55

54 2187.5 41.307 18.85

55 2228.8 41.325 18.14

56 2270.2 41.343 17.42

57 2311.5 41.360 16.69

58 2352.9 41„376 15.96

59 2394.3 41.392 15.22

60 2435.7 41.407 14.48

T

E

s

dS/dJ

°C

/iV/°C

nV/°C

60

2435 . 7

41 « 407

14 . 48

61

2477.1

41.421

13.73

62

2518.5

41.434

12.97

63

2 560.0

41 , ^47

12.21

64

2 601,4

41,458

1 1 .45

65

2642 . 9

41 , 470

10.67

66

2684.3

41.480

9.90

67

2725.8

41.489

9.12

6 8

2767 . 3

41.498

8.34

69

2808.8

41.506

7.55

70

2850.3

41.513

6,77

71

2891.8

41.520

5.98

72

2933.4

41.525

5.19

7 3

2974 . 9

41 . 530

4.40

74

3016.4

41. 534

^ AT

3 . o 1

~j
( y

41.537

2.81

76

3099,5

41.540

2.02

11

3141.0

41.541

1.23

7 8

J 1 O ^ • O

^ 1 • 542

0 . 44

79

322^9 1

4 1 • 542

— 0 • 34

8 0

J i O « 1

41 • 5 4 1

— 1 • 1 2

81

3307.2

41.540

-1.90

82

3348.8

41.538

-2.68

3390.3

41. 534

84

343 1.8

41.531

— 4.22

85

3473 . 3

41.5 26

— 4.98

86

3514.9

41.521

-5.73

87

3556.4

41.515

-6.48

8 8

3597.9

41.508

-7.21

89

3639.4

41.500

-7.95

90

3680.9

41.492

-8 .67

91

3722.4

41.it83

-9.38

92

3763.9

41.473

-10.08

93

3805 . 3

41 .463

-10.78

94

3846 . 8

41.452

-11. 46

95

3888 . 2

41. 440

—12.13

96

3929.7

41.427

-12.78

97

3971.1

41.414

-13.43

98

40 12 . 5

41 .400

-14.06

99

4053 . 9

41.386

-14.68

100

4095.3

41.371

—15.28

101

4136.6

41.356

-15.87

102

4178.0

41.339

-16.44

103

4219.3

41,323

-17.00

104

4260.6

41,305

-17.64

105

430 1.9

41,288

-18.06

106

4343.2

41,269

-18.57

107

4384.5

41.250

-19.05

10 8

4425 . 7

41.231

—19.52

109

4466 . 9

41.211

-19.97

110

4508 . 1

41 .191

-20 .40

111

4549.3

41.171

-20.82

112

. 4590.5

41 .150

-21.21

1 1 -a
1 i jJ

^6 3 1 • 6

41,128

C. 1. 9 ^ o

114

4672.7

41.106

-21.93

115

4713.8

41 .084

-22.26

116

4754.9

41.062

-22.57

117

4795.9

41.039

-22.86

118

4837.0

41.016

-23.13

119

4878.0

40.993

-23.37

120

4919.0

40.969

-23.60

144

T
»C

E

s

dS/dT
nV/'C^

120
121
122
123
124

4919.0
4959.9
5000.8
5041.8
5082.6

40.969
40.946
40.922
40.898
40.874

-23.60
-23.80
-23.97
-24.13
-24.26

125
126
127
128
129

5123.5
5164.3
5205.2
5245.9
5286.7

40. 849
40.825
40.800
40.776
40.751

-24.38
-24.46
-24.53
-24.57

-24.60

130
131
132
133
134

5327.4
5368.2
5408.8
5449.5
5490. 2

40.727
40. 702
40.678
40.653
40.629

-24,59
-24.57
-24.52
-24.46
-24.37

135
136
137

138
139

5530.8
5571.4
5611.9
5652.5
5693.0

40.604
40.580
40. 556
40.532
40. 509

-24.25
-24, 12
-23.96
-23.79
-23.59

140
141
142
143
144

5733.5
5774.0
5814.4
5854.8
5895,2

40.485
40.462
40.439
40,416
40.394

-23.37
-23.14
-22,88
-22.60
-22.30

145
146
147
148
149

5935.6
5976.0
6016.3
6056.6
6096.9

40,371
40,350
40,328
40,307
40,286

-21.99
-21.65
-21.30
-20.93
-20.55

150
151
152
153
154

6137.2
6177.5
6217.7
6257.9

6298.1

40,266
40,246
40,226
40.207
40.189

-20.14
-19.72
-19.29
-18.84
-18.38

155
156
157
158
159

6338.3
6378.5
6418.6
6458.7
6498.9

40.171
40. 153
40. 136
40.119
40.103

-17.90
-17.41
-16.90
-16.39
-15.86

160
161
162
163
164

6538.9
6579.0
6619. 1
6659.1
6699.2

40.087
40,072
40,058
40,044
40,031

-15.32
-14.77
-14.22
-13.65
-13.07

165
166
167
168
169

6739.2
6779.2
6819.2
6859.2
6899.2

40,018
40,006
39.994
39.983
39.973

-12.49
-11.90
-11.30
-10.70
-10.09

170
171
172
173
174

6939.2
6979. 1
7019.1
7059.0
7098.9

39.963
39.954
39.945
39.93 7
39.930

-9.47
-8.86
-8.24
-7.61
-6.99

175
176
177
178
179

7138.9
7178.8
7218.7
7258.6
7298.5

39.923
39.917
39.912
39.907
39,903

-6.36
-5.73
-5.11
-4.48
-3.85

180

7338.4

39.899

-3.23

Table 7.3.2. Type K thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

<>c

uV

180

7338.4

181

7378.3

182

7418.2

183

7458 . 1

18A

7498.0

185

7537.9

186

7577.8

187

7617.7

188

7657 . 6

189

7697.4

190

7737.3

191

7777.2

192

7817.1

193

7857.1

194

7897.0

195

7936.9

196

7976.8

197

8016.7

1 98

8056. 7

199

8096.6

200

8136.6

201

8176.5

202

8216.5

203

82 56.5

204

8296.4

205

8336.4

206

8376.4

207

8416.5

208

8456 . 5

209

8496.5

210

8536.6

211

8576.6

212

8616.7

213

8656.8

214

8696.9

215

8737.0

216

8777.2

217

8817.3

218

8857.5

219

8897.6

220

8937.8

221

8978.0

222

9018.3

223

9058.5

224

9098.8

225

9139.0

226

9179.3

227

9219.6

228

9259.9

229

9300.3

230

9340.6

231

9381.0

232

9421.4

233

946 1.8

234

9502.2

235

9542.7

236

9583.1

237

9623.6

238

9664.1

239

9704.6

240

9745.2

S dS/dT

39.899 -3.23

39.896 -2.60

39.894 -1,98
39.892 -1.36
39.891 -0.75

39.891 -0.14

39.891 0.46

39.892 1.06

39.893 1.66

39.895 2.24

39.898 2,82

39.901 3.40

39.904 3.96

39.909 4.52

39.914 5.07

39.919 5.61

39.925 6.14

39.931 6.67

39.938 7.18

39.946 7.68

39.953 8.17

39.962 8.66

39.971 9.13

39.980 9.59

39.990 10.03

40.000 10.47

40.011 10.89

40.022 11.31

40.033 11.71

40.045 12.09

40.058 12.47

40.070 12.83

40.083 13,18

40.097 13.52

40.110 13.85

40.124 14.16

40.139 14.46

40,153 14,75

40.168 15,02

40.183 15.28

40,199 15,53

40.214 15.77

40.230 15.99

40.246 16,21

40.263 16.40

40.279 16.59

40.296 16.77

40.313 16.93

40.330 17.08

40.347 17.22

40.364 17,35

40,382 17,46

40,399 17.57

40.417 17.66

40.434 17.75

40.452 17.82

40.470 17.88

40.488 17.93

40.506 17.98

40.524 18.01

40.542 18.03

T

E

•c

uV

240

9745,2

241

9785,7

242

9826,3

243

9866 • 9

244

9907,5

245

9948,1

246

9988,7

247

10029,4

2 ^8

1 0070 , 1

249

10110.8

250

10151,5

251

10192,2

252

10233,0

253

10273,7

2 54

10314.5

255

10355.3

256

10396.1

257

10437.0

258

10477 • 8

259

10518.7

260

10559.6

261

10600.5

262

10641.4

^ O J

10682.3

264

10723.3

265

10764.3

266

10805.2

267

10846,2

268

10887,3

269

10928,3

270

10969,3

271

11010,4

272

11051,5

2 73

1 1092 , 6

274

11133,7

275

11174.8

276

11216,0

277

11257,1

278

1 1 298 , 3

279

11339.5

280

11380,7

281

11421,9

282

11463. 1

283

1 1504.4

284

11545.6

285

11586.9

286

11628.2

287

11669.5

288

11710,8

289

11752.1

290

11793.4

291

11834.8

292

11876.1

293

11917.5

294

11958.9

295

12000.3

296

12041.7

297

12083. 1

298

12124.5

299

12166.0

300 12207.4

S dS/dT

40.542 18.03

40.560 18.05

40.578 18.05

40.596 18,05

40.614 18.03

40.632 18.01

40.650 17.98

40.668 17,95

40.686 17.90

40.704 17.85

40.722 17.80

40.739 17.73

40,757 17,66

40.775 17.58

40.792 17.50

40.810 17.41

40.827 17.32

40.844 17.22

40.862 17.12

40.879 17.01

40.896 16.90

40.912 16.78

40.929 16,66

40.946 16,53

40,962 16,41

40,979 16,28

40,995 16,14

41.011 16.01

41.027 15,87

41.043 15.73

41.058 15.69

41.074 15.44

41.089 15.30

41.104 15.15

41.119 15.00

41.134 14.85

41.149 14,70

41,164 14,55

41.178 14.40

41.193 14.26

41.207 14.09

41,221 13,94

41.235 13.79

41.248 13.64

41,262 13.49

41.275 13.34

41.289 13.19

41,302 13.04

41.315 12.89

41.327 12.74

41.340 12.60

41.353 12.45

41.366 12,31

41.377 12,17

41,389 12.02

41.401 11.88

41.413 11.75

41.425 11.61

41.436 11.48

41,448 11,34

41.469 11.21

T

E

»c

uV

300

12207.4

301

12248.9

302

12290.4

303

12331.9

304

12373.4

305

12414.9

306

12466.4

307

12497.9

308

12539.5

309

12581.0

310

12622.6

311

12664.1

312

12705.7

313

1 2747 . 3

314

12788,9

315

12830,5

316

12872,1

317

12913,8

318

12955,4

319

12997,0

320

13038,7

321

13080.4

322

13122.0

323

13163.7

324

13205.4

325

13247.1

326

13288.8

327

13330,5

328

13372,3

329

13414,0

330

13455,7

331

13497,5

332

13539.3

33 3

13 581.0

334

13622.8

335

13664.6

336

13706.4

337

13748.2

338

13790.0

339

13831.8

340

13873.6

341

13915.4

342

13957.3

343

13999 . 1

344

14041 .0

34 5

14082.8

346

14124.7

347

14166.6

348

14208.4

349

14250.3

350

14292.2

351

14334.1

352

14376.0

3 5 3

144 1 o . 0

354

14459.9

355

14501.8

356

14543.8

357

14585,7

358

14627.7

359

14669.6

360

14711.6

s

^v/°c

dS/dT
nV/°C

41.459

11.21

41.470

11.09

41.481

10.96

41.492

10,83

41.503

10.71

41.514

10.59

41. 624

10.47

41.534

10.35

41.546

10.24

41.655

10. 13

41.565

10.02

41.575

9.91

41.585

9.80

41.595

9.70

41.604

9.60

41.614

9.50

41.623

9.40

41.633

9.30

41. 642

9.21

41.651

9.12

41.660

9.03

41.669

8 .94

41.678

8.86

41 .687

8.77

41.695

8.69

41.704

8.61

41.713

8.53

41.721

8.46

41.730

8.38

41.738

8.31

41.746

8.24

41.754

8.17

41.763

8.11

41.771

8.04

41.779

7.98

41.787

7.92

41.795

7.86

41.802

7.80

41.810

7.74

41.818

7.68

41.826

7.63

41.833

7.58

41.841

7.62

41 . 848

7.47

41.866

7.43

41.863

7.38

41.870

7.33

41.878

7.29

41.886

7.24

41.892

7.20

41.899

7.16

41.906

7.11

41.914

7.07

41.921

7.04

41.928

7.00

41.935

6.96

41.942

6.92

41 .948

6.89

41.955

6.85

41.962

6.82

41.969 6.78

Table 7.3.2. Type K thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficierUs, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C— -Continued

T
"C

360
361
362
363
364

E

14711.6
14753.6
14795.5
14837.5
14879.5

s

41.969
41.976
41.982
41.989
41.996

dS/dT

6.78
6.75
6.72
6.69
6.65

T
"C

420
421
422
423
424

E

17240.9
17283.2
17325.6
17367.9
17410.2

s

42.325
42.331
42.336
42.341
42.346

dS/dT
nV/»C2

5.11
5.08
5.05
5.01
4.98

T
"C

480
481
482
483
484

E

19788.4
19830.9
19873.5
19916.1
19958,6

s

IJ.WX

42.566
42.569
42.572
42.574
42.577

dS/dT
nV/'C*

,76
,72
,67
,62
,58

365
366
367
368
369

370
371
372
373
374

14921.5
14963.5
15005.5
15047.5
15089.6

15131.6
15173.6
15215.7
15257.7
15299.8

42.002
42.009
42.016
42.022
42.029

42.035
42.042
42.048
42.054
42.061

6.62
6.59
6.56
6.53
6.50

6.48
6.45
6.42
6.39
6.36

425
426
427
428
429

430
431
432
433
434

17452.6
17494.9
17537.3
17579,7
17622.0

17664.4
17706.8
17749.2
17791.5
17833.9

42.351
42.356
42.360
42.365
42.370

42.375
42.380
42.384
42.389
42.394

4.95
4.92
4.88
4.85
4.82

4.78
4.75
4.72
4.68
4.65

485
486
487
488
489

490
491
492
493
494

20001.2
20043.8
20086.4
20129.0
20171.6

20214.1
20256.7
20299.3
20341.9
20384.5

42.580
42.582
42,585
42.587
42.589

42.592
42,694
42.596
42.598
42.600

2.53
2.48
2.44
2.39
2.34

2.29
2.24
2.19
2,15
2,10

375
376
377
378
379

15341.9
15383.9
15426.0
15468.1
15510.2

42.067
42.074
42.080
42.086
42.092

6.34
6.31
6.28
6.26
6.23

435
436
437
438
439

17876.3
17918.7
17961.1
18003.6
18046.0

42.398
42.403
42.408
42.412
42.417

4.61
4.58
4.54
4.51
4.47

495
496
497
498
499

20427. 1
20469.7
20512.3
20555.0
20597.6

42.602
42.605
42.606
42.608
42.610

2.05
2.00
1.95
1.90
1.85

380
381
382
383
384

15552.3
15594.4
15636.5
15678.6
15720.7

42.099
42.105
42.111
42.117
42. 123

6,20
6,18
6,15
6.13
6.10

4^0
441
442
443
444

18088,4
18130,8
18173,2
18215,7
18258.1

42.421
42,425
42,430
42,434
42,439

4.43
4.40
4.36
4.32
4.28

500
501
502
503
504

20640,2
20682,8
20725,4
20768.0
20810.6

42,612
42,614
42,616
42,617
42,619

1,80
1.75
1.70
1,65
1,60

385
386
387
388
389

15762,8
15805.0
15847.1
15889.3
16931,4

42, 129
42,135
42,141
42.147
42.153

6.07
6.06
6.02
6.00
5.97

445
446
447
448
449

18300.5
18343.0
18385.4
18427,9
18470,3

42.443
42.447
42.451
42,455
42,459

4,25
4,21
4,17
4,13
4,09

505
506
507
508
509

20853,3
20895.9
20938.5
20981.1
21023.7

42.620
42,622
42,623
42.625
42.626

1,55
1,50
1.44
1.39
1.34

390
391
392
393
394

15973.6
16015.7
16057.9
16100.1
16142.2

42. 159
42. 165
42.171
42.177
42,183

5.94
5.92
5.89
5.87
5.84

450
451
452
453
454

18512,8
18555,3
18697.7
18640.2
18682.7

42.464
42.468
42.472
42.476
42.479

4.06
4.01
3.97
3.94
3.89

610
611
512
613
614

21066.4
21109.0
21161,6
21194,3
21236,9

42.628
42.629
42.630
42.631
42.632

1.29
1.24
1.19
1.14
1.08

395
396
397
398
399

400
401
402
403
404

405
406
407
408
409

410
411
412
413
414

16184.4
16226.6
16268.8
16311.0
16353.2

16396.4
16437.7
16479.9
16522.1
16564.4

16606.6
16648.9
16691.1
16733.4
16775,6

16817.9
16860.2
16902.5
16944.7
16987.0

42. 189
42.194
42.200
42.206
42.212

42,217
42,223
42.229
42.234
42.240

42.246
42.261
42.257
42.262
42.267

42.273
42.278
42.284
42.289
42.294

5.82
5.79
6.76
6.74
5,71

5,68
5,66
6,63
6,60
5,57

5,55
5.62
5.49
6.46
5,43

5.41
5.38
5.35
5.32
5.29

455
456
457
458
469

460
461
462
463
464

465
466
467
468
469

470
471
472
473
474

18726.2
18767.7
18810.2
18852.6
18895. 1

18937.6
18980. 1
19022.7
19065,2
19107,7

19150,2
19192.7
19235.2
19277.8
19320.3

19362.8
19406.4
19447.9
19490.6
19633.0

42.483
42.487
42.491
42.495
42.498

42.502
42,506
42,509
42,613
42,516

42.620
42.523
42.527
42,530
42,533

42,636
42,540
42,543
42,546
42,549

3,85
3.81
3.77
3.73
3.69

3.65
3.61
3.66
3.52
3.48

3.44
3.39
3.35
3.31
3.26

3.22
3.17
3.13
3,08
3.04

515
616
617
518
519

520
521
522
523
624

525
626
527

528
529

530
531
532
533
534

21279.5
21322.2
21364.8
21407.4
21450.1

21492,7
21635,3
21678,0
21620,6
21663.3

21705,9
21748,5
21791.2
21833.8
21876.5

21919.1
21961.8
22004.4
22047.0
22089.7

42.633
42.634
42,635
42,636
42,637

42.638
42.639
42.639
42.640
42.641

42.641
42.642
42.642
42.642
42.643

42,643
42,643
42,643
42,643
42,643

1.03
0,98
0.93
0.88
0.82

0.77
0.72
0.66
0.61
0,56

0.51
0,45
0,40
0,36
0,29

0.24
0,19
0,13
0,08
0.02

415
416
417
418
419

17029.3
17071,6
17113,9
17156.3
17198,6

42.300
42.305
42.310
42.315
42.320

5.26
5.23
5.20
5.17
5.14

475
476

477
478
479

19575.6
19618. 1
19660.7
19703.2
19745.8

42.552
42.555
42.558
42.561
42.564

2.99
2.95
2.90
2.86
2.81

636
636

537
638
639

22132.3
22176.0
22217.6
22260.3
22302.9

42.643
42.643
42.643
42.643
42.643

-0.03
-0.08
-0,14
-0.19
-0.25

420

17240.9 42.325

5,11

480

19788.4 42.666

2,76

540

22345.5

42.643

-0.30

146

Table 7.3.2. Type K thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C— -Continued

T

E

»c

540

2 2 345.5

541

22388 . 2

542

22430 . 8

543

22473.5

544

22516.1

545

22 558.8

546

22601.4

547

22644.0

548

22686.7

549

22729.3

550

2 2 771.9

551

22814.6

552

2 2 8 5 7.2

553

22899.9

554

22942.5

555

22985 . 1

5 56

23027. 8

557

23070.4

558

23113.0

559

23155.6

560

23198.3

561

23 240 . 9

562

23283.5

563

23326.1

564

23368.8

565

23411.4

566

23454.0

567

23496 . 6

568

23539.2

569

23581.8

^7r\

5 1 u

2 3624 4

571

23667. 1

5 72

2 3 709.7

573

23752.3

574

23794.9

575

23837.5

576

2 3 880.1

577

2 3922.7

578

23965.3

579

24007.8

580

24050.4

581

24093 . 0

582

24135,6

583

24178.2

584

24220.8

585

24263.3

586

24305.9

537

24348 . 5

588

24391.0

589

24433.6

590

24476 , 2

591

24518,7

592

24561.3

593

24603.8

594

24646.4

595

24688.9

596

24731.5

597

24774.0

598

24816.5

599

24859.1

600

24901.6

S dS/dT

^V/ "C nV/»C^

42.643 -0.30

42.642 -0.35

42.642 -0.41

42.641 -0.46

42.641 -0.52

42,640 -0.57

42.640 -0.63

42.639 -0.68

42.638 -0.74

42.638 -0.79

42.637 -0.84

42.636 -0.90

42.635 -0.95

42.634 -1.01

42.633 -1.06

42.632 -1.12

42.631 -1.17

42.630 -1.23

42.628 -1.28

42.627 -1,34

42.626 -1.39

42.624 -1.45

42.623 -1.50

42.621 -1.55

42.620 -1.61

42.618 -1.66

42.616 -1.72

42.615 -1.77

42.613 -1.83

42.611 -1.88

42.609 -1,94

42.607 -1,99

42,605 -2,05

42,603 -2.10

42.601 -2.15

42.599 -2.21

42.597 -2.26

42.594 -2.32

42.592 -2.37

42.589 -2.43

42.587 -2.48

42.585 -2.53

42.582 -2.59

42.579 -2.64

42.577 -2.70

42.574 -2.75

42.571 -2.80

42.568 -2.86

42.565 -2.91

42.563 -2.96

42,560 -3.02

42.556 -3.07

42.553 -3.13

42.550 -3.18

42.547 -3.23

42.544 -3.28

42.540 -3.34

42.537 -3.39

42.534 -3.44

42.530 -3.50

42.527 -3.55

T

E

•c

600

2490 1,6

601

24944, 1

602

24986.6

603

25029.2

604

25071.7

605

25114. 2

606

25156.7

607

25199.2

608

25241.7

609

25284.2

610

25326. 7

611

25369.2

612

25411. 7

613

25454. 1

614

25496.6

615

25539, 1

616

25581.5

617

25624,0

618

25666.5

619

25708.9

620

25751,4

621

25793 , 8

622

25836,2

623

25878,7

624

25921. 1

625

25963.5

626

26005.9

627

26048.4

628

26090.8

629

26133.2

630

26175.6

631

26218.0

632

26260 . 4

633

26302.7

634

26345. 1

635

26387. 5

636

26429. 9

637

26472. 2

638

26514.6

639

26556.9

640

26599 . 3

641

26641 . 6

642

26684. 0

643

26726.3

644

26768.6

645

26810.9

646

26853.2

647

26895 . 5

648

26937.9

649

26980. 1

650

27022,4

651

27064. 7

652

27107,0

653

27149.3

654

27191.5

655

27233.8

656

27276.0

657

27318.3

658

27360.5

659

27402.8

660

27445 .0

S dS/dT

/iV/'C nV/°C^

42.527 -3.55

42.523 -3.60

42,519 -3,65

42,516 -3,71

42,512 -3,76

42,508 -3,81

42.504 -3.86

42.601 -3.92

42.497 -3,97

42.493 -4.02

42.489 -4.07

42.484 -4.12

42,480 -4,17

42.476 -4.22

42.472 -4.28

42.468 -4.33

42.463 -4.38

42.459 -4.43

42.454 -4.48

42.450 -4.53

42.445 -4.58

42.441 -4.63

42.436 -4.68

42.431 -4.73

42.427 -4,78

42.422 -4.83

42.417 -4.88

42.412 -4.93

42.407 -4.98

42.402 -5.03

42.397 -5.08

42.392 -5.12

42.387 -5.17

42.382 -5.22

42.376 -5.27

42.371 -5.32

42.366 -5.37

42.360 -5.41

42.355 -5.46

42.349 -5.51

42.344 -5.56

42.338 -5.60

42.333 -5,65

42,327 -5.70

42.321 -5.74

42.315 -5.79

42.310 -5.84

42.304 -5,88

42.298 -5.93

42.292 -5.97

42.286 -6.02

42,280 -6.06

42.2 74 -6.11

42.268 -6.15

42.262 -6.20

42.255 -6.24

42.249 -6.29

42.243 -6.33

42.236 -6.37

42.230 -6.42

42.224 -6.46

T

E

"C

660

27445 . 0

661

27487.2

662

27529.4

663

27571.6

664

2 7613.8

665

27656.0

666

27698 . 2

667

27740.4

668

27782.6

669

27824.7

670

27866. 9

671

27909.0

672

27951 .2

673

27993.3

674

28035.5

675

28077.6

676

28119.7

677

28161.8

678

28203.9

679

28246.0

680

28288.1

681

28330.2

682

28372 « 3

683

28414.3

684

28456.4

635

28498.4

686

28540. 5

687

28582 . 5

688

28624 .6

689

28666.6

690

2870 8.6

691

28750.6

692

28792 . 6

693

28834.6

694

28876.6

695

28918.6

696

2 8960.5

697

29002 . 5

698

29044.4

699

29086.4

700

29128.3

70 1

29170.2

702

29212. 2

703

29254. 1

704

29296.0

705

29337.9

706

29379. 8

707

29421 .6

708

29463.5

709

29505.4

710

29547.2

711

29589.1

712

29630 • 9

713

29672.8

714

29714.6

715

29756.4

716

29798.2

717

29840.0

718

29881.8

719

29923.6

720 29965.3

s

dS/dT

42.224

-6 .46

42.217

-6.61

42.211

-6.55

42.204

-6.59

42.197

-6.63

42. 191

-6.68

42. 184

-6 .72

42.177

-6 . 76

42.170

-6.80

42. 164

-6.84

42.157

-6 .89

42. 150

-6 ,93

42 . 143

-6,97

42.136

-7.01

42. 129

-7.05

42. 122

-7.09

42.115

-7.13

42. 108

-7.17

42.100

-7.21

42,093

-7.26

42,086

-7.29

42 .079

-7.33

42.071

-7.37

42.064

-7.40

42.056

-7.44

42.049

-7.48

42 . 041

-7.62

42.034

-7 , 66

42.026

-7.69

42.019

-7.63

42.011

-7.67

42.003

-7.70

41 .996

-7 . 74

41.988

-7.78

41.980

-7.81

41.972

-7,85

41. 964

-7 . 88

41.957

-7.92

41.949

-7.95

41.941

-7.99

41.933

-8.02

41.925

-8 .06

41.917

-8.09

41.908

-8. 12

41.900

-8.16

41.892

-8.19

41.884

-8 .22

41.876

-8.26

41.867

-8.29

41.859

-8.32

41,861

-8.35

41. 842

-8 .39

41.834

-8.42

41.826

-8.45

41.817

-8.48

41.809

-8.51

41.800

-8.54

41.791

-8.57

41.783

-8.60

41 . 774

-8.63

41.766 -8.66

147

Table 7.3.2. Type K thermocouples— thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seeheck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C— Continued

T

E

s

dS/dT

T

E

s

dS /dT

T

E

s

dS/dT

•c

fj.WC

•c

nV/'C

°c

- 2

f C.\J

29965 • 3

AT 7 A A
*+ 1 . f DO

— A A A

— 0.00

780

a 0 A A 7

W) 9 A 9

— 0 Qfl

— 7 . 7 0

0 40

"a AO A Q ^

J *f 7 U 0 • P

40 . 58 5

— 1 0 • 47

7 9 1

■30nn7 1

_> VUU f « i

41.757

— 8.69

1 0 i

■a 9 A OA q

A 1 ^109

'T i . i 7

— 9 . 99

84 1

34949 « 1

4 0* 574

—10.48

722

30048.8

41.748

-8.72

782

32537. 1

41.182

-10.01

842

34989.7

40. 564

-10.48

723

30090.6

41.740

-8.75

783

32578.3

41.172

-10.02

843

35030.2

40.553

-10.48

f t*+

.3 <j 1 .3 ^ • .7

AT 7 "3 1

— fl 7 fl

784

1 9 A 1 0 K

41. 162

—10.03

844

a t; A 7 A . Q
9 J u 1 u • 0

40. 543

—10.48

I £.Z>

•a n 1 7Zi n

AT 7 9 0

_ fl Q 1

— 0 . 0 X

7 ft

a "5 A A n A

^ 1 • i 3 A

— in rm

84 5

-9 9 X X X • ^

A A A a 9

-10.49

3 V ^ X J • o

/i 1 7 1 a

_ fl Q "3

786

^ 9 7ri 1 fl

41 1 A. 9

— in A A

3 5151.8

A A 9 9
S- U . 9 A A

— 1 0 . 49

727

30257.5

41.704

-8.86

787

32742.9

41.132

-10.07

847

35192.3

40.512

-10.49

728

30299.2

41.695

-8.89

788

32784.0

41.122

-10.09

848

35232.8

40.501

-10.49

*7 O O

A 1 t fl 7

_ fl Q 0

789

a 9 A 9 S 9

*+ i • i i A

—10.10

849

a 9 7 a "a

J 9 A (9.9

40* 49 1

— 1 0 . 49

730

•1 (*^ 1 o o c

41 . 678

— 8 . 94

790

32866 • 3

^ 1 • 102

—10.11

fl C, A

0 D u

a A "a 1 a fl
.3 -> 9 1 3 • 0

4 0. 480

—10. 49

731

30424.2

41 • 669

— 8.97

79 1

3 2907 • 4

41 A Q 1

— 1 0 19

851

3 5 3 54. 3

4 0.470

— 1 0 . 4 9

732

30465.9

41.660

-9.00

792

32948.4

41.081

-10.14

852

35394.8

40.459

-10.50

733

30507.5

41.651

-9.02

793

32989.5

41.071

-10. 15

853

35435.2

40.449

-10.50

7'^t/i.

J U -> H 7 # ^

AT A A 9

— V . U ->

7 Q A
1 7H

a a A "3 A A

41 A A 1

— 1 A 1 A

854

35475.7

40.438

— 1 A R A

/ .3 D

41. 633

— 9.07

3 3071.6

41.051

_ 1 A 17

fl c
0 D 3

a ^ c; 1 A 1

40 • 428

—10.50

7 A

3 06 32 • 4

— 7 . i u

7Q A
/ 7 0

a n 1 1 9 7
J .3 1 1 <i • '

41 A 4 1

—10. 18

856

3 5556.5

40.417

— 1 A Sn

737

30674, 1

41.614

-9.13

797

33X53.7

41.030

-10.19

857

35596.9

40.407

-10.50

738

30715,7

41.605

-9.15

798

33194.8

41.020

-10.20

858

35637.3

40.396

-10.50

739

30757 • 3

41. 596

— 9« 1 7

799

33235 . 8

41 • 0 10

—10.21

859

35677.7

40 • 386

— 1 0 • 5 0

7 /l r\

A 1 ft 7

— 7 • U

ft n n
0 u u

■a "3 9 7 A fl

A 1 A A

4 i . 00 0

— in 99

AAA

00 u

35718. 1

40 3 75

— 1 0 . 0

7Zl 1

■a n Q A n A

J U 0 H U « *+

AT K 7R

— 0 9 9

801

0 -a Q 1 7 Q
^^.91 1 .0

4 a q q a
^ (J • 7 7 u

— in 9

X U . A J

861

3575 8.5

A A a A s

— 1 A R A

742

30882.0

41.568

-9.25

802

33358.8

40.979

-10.24

862

35798.8

40.354

-10.50

743

30923.6

41.559

-9.27

803

33399.7

40.969

-10.25

863

35839.2

40.344

-10.50

7 /i A

"3 n Q A T

41.550

-9 . 30

ft n /■

33440 . 7

4 0.959

—10.26

864

a 0 7 0 CL

40.333

—10.50

745

3 1006 • 7

41 . 541

—9 .32

805

3348 1 . 6

/i r\ A /. A
40 . 74V

—10.27

86 5

a £i Q 1 Q 0
.9 -> 7 1 7 . 0

40. 323

— 10 • 50

746

3 1048 • 2

41.531

—9 .34

806

335 22.6

4o . 938

- 10 * 28

866

3 5960.2

40.312

-10.50

747

31089.7

41.522

-9.36

807

33563.5

40.928

-10.29

867

36000.5

40.3Q2

-10.50

748

31131.3

41.513

-9.39

808

33604.4

40.918

-10.30

868

36040.8

40.291

-10.49

7/i Q

"31177 fl

A 1 c n 3

-9.41

ft A Q
0 U 7

3 3645 . 4

4 0.907

—10.31

869

a A A fl 1 1

-5oU 0 1 . i,

A A 9 fl 1
4 U . A 0 i

-10.49

"7 c; n
( vJ

31214.3

41.494

—9 .43

810

"a 0 A Q A a

40*897

-10.32

870

36121.3

40.2 70

—10. 49

r ? 1

■a 1 "5 Q
j> 1 <1 3 D . 0

41 .484

— 9.45

Pit
oil

33727.2

4o • 887

1 A a 9

fl 7 1
0 f i

a A 1 A 1 A
J 0 X 0 X .0

40c 260

—10*49

752

31297.2

41.475

-9.47

812

33768.0

40.876

-10.33

872

36201.8

40.249

-10.49

753

31338.7

41.465

-9.50

813

33808.9

40.866

-10.34

873

36242.1

40.239

-10.49

7 K /i

"3 1 T Q n "5
J> 1 .3 0 U . Z

41 .456

— 9 .52

fl 1 /i

■a "5 Q /> 0 fl

40.856

— in a c,

8 74

a A 9 ft 9 a

A A 9 9 fl
*T U . A A 0

— 1 A AO

— 10 * 47

7

•a 1 A 9 1 A
J i. H c 1 « 0

41. 4^-6

— 9.54

flic;

Oil)

"3 Q Q 0 A A

^ 0 . 845

—10.35

fl 7 £;

a A "a 9 9

90 9 A A . 3

4 0.218

—10*49

7 A

0 1 A A "a 1

— 9.56

ft 1 A

J J 7 J i . ->

4 a fl "a

— in a A

— X u . ^ 0

8 76

a A -a A 9 _ ft
9 D 9 0 A . 0

A A 9 A 7

— 1 A Afl
X U * HO

757

31504.5

41.427

-9.58

817

33972.3

40.825

-10.37

877

36403.0

40. 197

-10*48

758

31545.9

41.418

-9.60

818

34013. 1

40.814

-10.37

878

36443.2

40. 186

-10.48

7 5 9

315 87.3

41.408

819

34053.9

40 • 804

-10.38

8 79

36483 . 3

40 . 176

—10. 48

760

31628.7

41 .3 98

820

34094.7

4 0. 794

—10.39

fl fl A

0 0 IJ

"a A A 9 ■a s
9 0 D A 9 • -J

A A 1 A
4(J • X 09

— 1 0 . 4o

7 AT

■3 1 A 7 fl 1

AT Q fl Q

— V • DO

821

34135. 5

40.783

—10.39

fl fl 1
0 0 i

a A A "a 7
9 0 9 0 9 • 1

A A 1 c;

— 1 A A 7
X u . 4 /

762

31711.5

41.379

-9.68

822

34176.3

40.773

-10.40

882

36603.8

40« 144

-10.47

763 .

31752.9

41.369

-9.69

823

34217.0

40.762

-10.40

883

36644.0

40.134

-10.47

764

3 1 794 . 2

41.360

-9. 71

8 24

34257 . 8

40.752

—10.41

884

a A A fl A 1
9 0 0 Of . X

n U . i ^-3

— 1 A A 7
1 U . 4 1

765

31835.6

41.350

-9. 73

825

34298 . 6

40.742

—10.41

885

36724.2

40.1 13

—10.47

766

318 76.9

41.3 40

-9. 75

826

J43 3v • 3

40. 731

—10.42

886

a A 7 A/, a

90 / 04 • -9

40. 102

—10. 46

767

31918.3

41.330

-9.77

827

34380.0

40.721

-10.42

887

36804.4

40.092

-10.46

768

31959.6

41.321

-9.79

828

34420.7

40.710

-10.43

888

36844. 5

40.082

-10.46

7 69

41.311

-9. 80

829

3446 1.4

40. 700

—10 .43

889

368 84 . 6

40.071

— 10 * 46

7 *7

3 2 042.2

41 . 30 1

-9. 82

830

3450 2 . 1

40.689

-10 .44

890

36924 • 6

40.061

—10.45

"7 "7 1

-111.

"a 9 n H "2 £^
.5 (1 U 0 j5 . D

41.291

— 9.84

8 31

34542 • 8

40.679

— 1 0 .44

fl Q 1

0 7 i

a A Q A /. 7
90 7 04 • 1

40.050

— lO .45

772

32124.8

41.281

-9.85

832

34583.5

40.669

-10.45

892

37004.7

40.040

-10.45

773

32166.1

41.271

-9.87

833

• 34624.2

40.658

-10.45

893

37044.8

40.029

-10.44

774

32207.4

41.262

— 9.89

834

■a A AAA ^ fl
_5 H D D *+ . 0

40.648

-10.45

894

37084 . 8

40.019

- 10 . 44

775

32248,6

41.252

-9.90

835

34705.4

40.637

-10.46

895

37124.8

40.008

-10.44

776

32289.9

41.242

-9.92

836

34746. 1

40.627

-10.46

896

37164.8

39.998

-10.44

777

32331.1

41.232

-9.93

837

34786.7

40.616

-10.46

897

37204.8

39.987

-10.43

778

32372.3

41.222

-9.95

838

34827.3

40.606

-10.47

898

37244.8

39.977

-10.43

779

32413.5

41.212

-9.96

839

34867.9

40.595

-10.47

899

37284.8

39.967

-10.43

780

32454.7

41.202

-9.98

840

34908,5

40.585

-10.47

900

37324.7

39.956

-10.42

148

Table 7.3.2. Type K thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C— Continued

T

E

"C

900

37324,7

901

37364,7

902

37404,6

903

37444,5

904

3 7484 , 5

905

37524,4

906

37564.3

907

37604.2

908

37644.0

909

3 / 6 o 3 , 9

910

37723,8

911

37763,6

912

37803.4

913

37843,3

914

3 7883 1

915

37922,9

916

37962.7

917

38002,5

918

38042.2

919

920

38121,8

921

38161,5

922

38201.2

923

38241.0

924

T ft 9 p n 7

925

38320,4

926

38360. 1

927

38399.7

928

38439.4

929

38479 . 1

930

38518.7

931

38558.4

932

38598.0

933

38637.6

934

3 86 77 • 2

935

38716.8

936

38756.4

937

38796.0

938

38835.6

939

38875.1

940

38914.7

941

38954.2

942

38993.7

943

39033.2

944

390 72 , 7

945

39112,2

946

39151.7

947

39191.2

948

39230.7

949

39270. 1

950

39309.6

951

39349.0

952

39388.4

953

39427.8

954

39467 • 2

955

39506.6

956

39546.0

957

39585,4

958

39624,8

959

39664, 1

960

39703.4

S dS/dT

39.956 -10.42

39.946 -10.42

39.935 -10.42

39.925 -10,41

39,915 -10.41

39.904 -10.41

39.894 -10,40

39.883 -10,40

39,873 -10,40

39,863 -10,39

39.852 -10.39

39.842 -10.39

39.831 -10.38

39.821 -10.38

39,811 -10.38

39,800 -10,37

39.790 -10.37

39.779 -10.37

39.769 -10.36

39.759 -10.36

39.748 -10.36

39.738 -10.35

39.728 -10.35

39.717 -10,35

39,707 -10.34

39.697 -10.34

39.686 -10.34

39.676 -10,33

39,666 -10.33

39.655 -10.33

39.645 -10.32

39.635 -10.32

39.624 -10.32

39.614 -10.31

39.604 -10,31

39.593 -10.31

39.583 -10.30

39.573 -10.30

39.563 -10.30

39.552 -10.29

39.542 -10,29

39,532 -10.29

39.521 -10.29

39.511 -10.28

39.501 -10.28

39.491 -10.28

39.480 -10.28

39.470 -10.27

39.460 -10.27

39.449 -10.27

39.439 -10.27

39.429 -10,27

39.419 -10,26

39.408 -10.26

39.398 -10.26

39.388 -10.26

39.378 -10.26

39.367 -10.25

39.357 -10.25

39.347 -10.25

39.337 -10.25

T

E

"C

960

39703.4

961

39742.8

962

39782. 1

963

39821.4

964

39860.7

965

39900.0

966

39939.3

967

39978.6

968

40017.8

969

400 5 7.1

970

40096,3

971

40135.5

972

40174.7

973

40214.0

7 f H

/i 9 CI -a 9
f U ^ D J » Z

975

40292.3

976

40331.5

977

40370.7

978

40409.8

979

4U44 V . U

980

40488. 1

981

40527.3

982

40566.4

983

40605.5

984

*+U O'+'t « D

985

40683.7

986

40722.7

987

40761.8

988

40800.9

989

40839 . 9

990

40878.9

991

40918.0

992

40957.0

993

40996.0

O O /r

410 35.0

995

41074.0

996

41112.9

997

41151.9

998

41190.8

999

412 29.8

1000

41268.7

1001

41307.6

1002

41346.5

1003

41385.4

1004

4 1424 . 3

1005

41463.2

1006

41502. 1

1007

41540.9

1008

41579.8

1009

41618.6

1010

41657.5

1011

41696.3

1012

41735. 1

1013

41773.9

1014

41812.7

1015

41851.4

1016

41890.2

1017

41929.0

1018

41967,7

1019

42006,4

1020 42045,2

S dS/dT

39.337 -10.26

39,326 -10,25

39,316 -10.25

39.306 -10.25

39.296 -10.25

39.285 -10.25

39.275 -10.24

39.265 -10.24

39.255 -10.24

39.244 -10,24

39,234 -10,24

39,224 -10.24

39.214 -10.24

39.203 -10.24

39.193 -10.24

39.183 -10.24

39.173 -10.24

39.162 -10.24

39.152 -10,25

39,142 -10.25

39.132 -10.25

39.121 -10.25

39.111 -10.25

39.101 -10.25

39.091 -10.25

39.080 -10.26

39.070 -10.26

39.060 -10.26

39.050 -10.26

39.039 -10.26

39.029 -10.27

39.019 -10.27

39.009 -10.27

38.998 -10.28

38.988 -10.28

38.978 -10.28

38.967 -10.29

38.957 -10.29

38.947 -10.29

38.937 -10.30

38.926 -10.30

38,916 -10.31

38,906 -10.31

38.895 -10.31

38.885 -10.32

38.875 -10,32

38,864 -10.33

38.854 -10.34

38.844 -10.34

38.833 -10.35

38.823 -10.35

38.813 -10.36

38.802 -10.37

38.792 -10.37

38.782 -10.38

38.771 -10.39

38.761 -10.39

38.750 -10.40

38.740 -10.41

38.730 -10.42

38.719 -10.43

T E
"C /iV

1020 42045.2

1021 42033.9

1022 42122.6

1023 42161.3

1024 42200.0

1025 42238.6

1026 42277.3

1027 42315.9

1028 42354.6

1029 42393.2

1030 42431.8

1031 42470.4

1032 42509.0

1033 42547.6

1034 42586.2

1035 42624,8

1036 42663.3

1037 42701.9

1038 42740.4

1039 42778.9

1040 42817,5

1041 42856,0

1042 42894.5

1043 42932.9

1044 42971.4

1045 43009.9

1046 43048,3

1047 43086.8

1048 43125.2

1049 43163.6

1050 43202.0

1051 43240.4

1052 43278.8

1053 43317.2

1054 43355.5

1055 43393.9

1056 43432.2

1057 43470.6

1058 43508.9

1059 43547.2

1060 43585.5

1061 43623.8

1062 43662.1

1063 43700.3

1064 43738.6

1065 43776.8

1066 43815.1

1067 43853.3

1068 43891.5

1069 43929.7

1070 43967.9

1071 44006.0

1072 44044.2

1073 44082.4

1074 44120.5

1075 44158.6

1076 44196.8

1077 44234.9

1078 44273.0

1079 44311.1

1080 44349.1

S dS/dT

38.719 -10.43

38.709 -10.43

38.698 -10.44

38.688 -10.45

38.677 -10.46

38.667 -10.47

38.656 -10.48

38.646 -10.49

38.636 -10.50

38.625 -10.51

38.614 -10.52

38.604 -10.53

38.593 -10.54

38.583 -10.55

38.572 -10.56

38.562 -10.57

38,551 -10.58

38.541 -10.59

38.530 -10.61

38.519 -10.62

38.509 -10.63

38,498 -10.64

38.487 -10,66

38,477 -10.67

38.466 -10.68

38.455 -10.70

38.445 -10.71

38.434 -10.73

38.423 -10.74

38.413 -10.75

38.402 -10.77

38.391 -10.78

38.380 -10.80

38.369 -10.81

38.359 -10.83

38.348 -10.85

38.337 -10.86

38.326 -10.88

38.315 -10.90

38.304 -10.91

38.293 -10.93

38.282 -10.95

38.271 -10.96

38.260 -10.98

38.249 -11.00

38.238 -11.02

38.227 -11.04

38.216 -11.06

38.205 -11.07

38.194 -11.09

38.183 -11.11

38.172 -11.13

38.161 -11.15

38.150 -11.17

38,139 -11,19

38,127 -11.21

38.116 -11.24

38.105 -11.26

38.094 -11.28

38.082 -11.30

38.071 -11.32

149

Table 7.3.2. Type K thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 ° C— Continued

T

1

c

"C

uV

1080

44349. 1

1081

44387.2

1082

44425.3

1083

44463 . 3

1084

44501.3

1085

44539.4

1086

44577.4

1087

44615.4

1088

44653.3

1089

44691.3

1090

44729.3

1091

44767.2

1092

44805.2

1093

44843.1

1094

44881 .0

S dS/dT

38.071 -11.32

38.060 -11.34

38.048 -11.37

38.037 -11.39

38.025 -11.41

38.014 -11.44

38.003 -11.46

37.991 -11.48

37.980 -11.51

37.968 -11.53

37.957 -11.55

37.945 -11.58

37.933 -11.60

37.922 -11.63

37.910 -11.65

T

I

C

"C

U.M

1140

46612. 1

1141

46649.4

1142

46686.8

1143

46724. 1

1144

46761.4

1145

46798.7

1146

46835.9

1147

46873.2

1148

46910.4

1149

1150

46984.9

1151

47022. 1

1152

47059.3

1153

47096.5

1154

47133.6

S dS/dT

fiNrC nWC^

37.344 -13.03

37.331 -13.06

37.318 -13.10

37.305 -13.13

37.292 -13.17

37.278 -13.20

37.265 -13.23

37.252 -13.27

37.239 -13.30

37.225 -13.34

37.212 -13.37

37.199 -13.41

37.185 -13.44

37.172 -13.48

37.158 -13.51

T E

1200 48828.0

1201 48864.5

1202 48901.0

1203 48937.6

1204 48973,9

1205 49010.3

1206 49046.8

1207 49083.2

1208 49119.5

1209 49155.9

1210 49192.3

1211 49228.6

1212 49264.9

1213 49301.2

1214 49337,5

S dS/dT

36.499 -15.12

36.484 -15.16

36,469 -15.19

36.454 -15.22

36.438 -15.25

36.423 -15.29

36.408 -15.32

36.392 -15.35

36.377 -15.38

36.362 -15.41

36.346 -15.44

36.331 -15.47

36.315 -15.50

35.300 -16.53

36.284 -15.56

1095

44918.9

1096

44956.8

1097

44994.7

1098

45032.6

1099

45070.4

1100

45108.3

1101

45146. 1

1102

45183.9

1103

45221.7

1104

45259.5

1105

45297.3

1106

45335. 1

1107

45372.9

1108

45410.6

1109

45448.3

37.899 -11.68

37.887 -11.70

37.875 -11.73

37.863 -11,76

37.852 -11.78

37.840 -11.81

37.828 -11.84

37.816 -11.86

37.804 -11.89

37.792 -11.92

37.780 -11.94

37.768 -11.97

37.756 -12.00

37.744 -12.03

37.732 -12.06

1155 47170.8

1156 47207.9

1157 47245.0

1158 47282.2

1159 47319.3

1160 47356.3

1161 47393.4

1162 47430.5

1163 47467.5

1164 47604.5

1165 47541.5

1166 47578.5

1167 47615,5

1168 47652.5

1169 47689.5

37.145 -13,55

37.131 -13.68

37.118 -13.62

37.104 -13.65

37.090 -13.69

37.077 -13.73

37.063 -13.76

37.049 -13.80

37.035 -13.83

37.021 -13.87

37.007 -13.90

36.994 -13.94

36.980 -13.97

36.966 -14.01

36.952 -14.05

1215 49373.8

1216 49410.1

1217 49446.3

1218 49482.5

1219 49518.8

1220 49555.0

1221 49591.1

1222 49627.3

1223 49663.5

1224 49699.6

1225 49735.7

1226 49771.8

1227 49807.9

1228 49844.0

1229 49880.0

36.269 -15.59

36.253 -15.62

36.238 -15.65

36.222 -15.67

36.206 -15.70

36,190 -15.73

36.175 -15.76

36.159 -15.78

36.143 -15.81

36.127 -16.83

36.111 -15.86

36.096 -15.88

36,080 -15.91

36.064 -15.93

36.048 -15.96

1110

45486.1

1111

45523.8

1112

45561.5

1113

45599.2

1114

45636.9

1115

45674.5

1116

45712.2

1117

45749.8

1118

45787.4

1119

45825. 1

1120

45862.7

1121

45900.3

1122

45937.8

1123

45975.4

1124

46013.0

1125

46050.5

1126

46088.0

1127

46125.5

1128

46163.1

1129

46200.5

1130

46238.0

1131

46275.5

1132

46312.9

1133

46350.4

1134

46387.8

1135

46425.2

1136

46462.6

1137

46500.0

1138

46537.4

1139

46574.8

1140

46612. 1

37.720 -12.09

37.708 -12.11

37.696 -12.14

37.684 -12.17

37.672 -12.20

37.660 -12.23

37.647 -12,26

37,635 -12,29

37,623 -12.32

37.610 -12.35

37.598 -12,38

37,586 -12,41

37.573 -12.44

37.561 -12.48

37.548 -12.51

37.536 -12.54

37.523 -12.57

37.511 -12.60

37.498 -12.63

37.485 -12.67

37.473 -12.70

37.460 -12.73

37.447 -12.76

37.434 -12.80

37.422 -12.83

37.409 -12.86

37.396 -12.90

37.383 -12.93

37.370 -12.96

37.357 -13.00

37.344 -13.03

1170

47726.4

1171

47763.3

1172

47800.3

1173

47837.2

1174

47874.0

1175

47910.9

1176

47947.8

1177

47984.6

1178

48021.5

1179

48058,3

1180

48095, 1

1181

48131,9

1182

48168.6

1183

48205.4

1184

48242, 1

1185

48278,9

1186

48315.6

1187

48352.3

1188

48389.0

1189

48425.6

1190

48462.3

1191

48498.9

1192

48635.6

1193

48572.2

1194

48608.8

1195

48645.4

1196

48681.9

1197

48718.5

1198

48755.0

1199

48791.5

1200

48828.0

36.937 -14.08

36.923 -14.12

36.909 -14.15

36.895 -14.19

36.881 -14.22

36.867 -14.26

36.852 -14.30

36.838 -14.33

36.824 -14.37

36.809 -14.40

36.795 -14.44

36.780 -14.47

36.766 -14.51

36.761 -14.54

36.737 -14.68

36.722 -14.61

36.708 -14.65

36.693 -14.68

36.678 -14.72

36.663 -14.75

36.649 -14.79

36.634 -14.82

36.619 -14.86

36.604 -14.89

36.589 -14.92

36.574 -14.96

36.559 -14.99

36.544 -16.03

36.529 -16.06

36.514 -16.09

36.499 -15.12

1230
1231
1232
1233
1234

49916.1
49952. 1
49988.1
60024. 1
50060.1

1235
1236
1237
1238
1239

50096.0
50132.0
50167,9
60203.8
50239.7

1240
1241
1242
1243
1244

50275.6
50311.4
50347.3
50383.1
50418.9

1245
1246
1247
1248
1249

50454.7
50490.5
50526.3
50562.0
60597.8

1250
1261
1252
1253
1254

50633.5
50669,2
50704.9
60740.5
50776.2

1256
1256
1267
1258
1259

60811.8
50847.4
50883.0
50918.6
50954.2

1260

50989.7

36.032 -15.98

36.016 -16.00

36.000 -16.02

35.984 -16.04

36.968 -16.07

35.952 -16.09

36.936 -16.11

35.919 -16.13

35.903 -16.14

35.887 -16.16

35.871 -16.18

35.855 -16.20

35.839 -16.21

35.822 -16.23

36.806 -16.26

35.790 -16.26

36.774 -16.28

35.757 -16.29

35.741 -16.30

36.725 -16.31

35.708 -16.33

35.692 -16.34

36.676 -16.35

35.659 -16.36

35,643 -16.36

35.627 -16.37

36.610 -16.38

35.594 -16.38

35.578 -16.39

36.561 -16,40

35,545 -16.40

150

Table 7.3.2. Type K thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C— Continued

T

E

•c

x^ou

cnQAQ 7

7 O 7 » 1

1 5 A. 1
1 1

i.C.O£.

1263

51096.3

1264

51131.8

1 0 <. R

1 1 A7
7 1 1 O 1 • ^

1266

5 1 2 02 • 7

1 "J A 7

1268

51273,6

1269

51309.0

1 T 7 n

5 1 3 M-A • 4

1 9 T 1

lc.iL

c 1 o 7Q 7

51415 1

1273

51450,4

1274

51485,8

1275

51521* 1

1 276

51556,4

1 7 77

51591 6

1278

51626,9

1279

51662,1

^ 0 fin

1 ^ O 1

c 1 7Q o c

1 '7 P o

1 7 A7 fl
7 1 f O f , O

1283

51802.9

1284

51838.1

1 "7 Q
1^ OP

1 fl 7 "a 9

1 7 R A.

R 1 Q n s /j

1 7 fl7

c 1 OA O C,
7 i. 3 • 7

1288

51978.6

1289

52013,7

1 "JOrt
7 0

5 2048 , 7

1291

oc\jo5 , O

52118,8

1293

52153.8

1294

52188.8

1295

52223.8

1296

52258.8

1297

52293.7

1298

52328.7

1299

52363.6

1300

52398.5

S dS/dT

^V/»C nV/»C*

35.545 -16.40

35.528 -16.40

35.512 -16.40

36.496 -16.41

35.479 -16.41

35,463 -16.41

35.446 -16.40

35.430 -16.40

35.414 -16.40

35.397 -16.39

35.381 -16.39

35.364 -16.38

35.348 -16.38

35.332 -16.37

35.315 -16.36

35,299 -16.35

35.283 -16.34

35.266 -16.32

36.250 -16.31

35.234 -16.30

35.217 -16.28

35.201 -16.26

36.185 -16.25

35.169 -16.23

35.152 -16.21

35.136 -16.19

35.120 -16.16

36.104 -16.14

35,088 -16.12

36.072 -16.09

35.056 -16.06

36.039 -16,03

35,023 -16,00

35,007 -15,97

34,991 -15,94

34.976 -16.90

34.960 -15.87

34.944 -15.83

34.928 -15.79

34.912 -15.75

34.897 -15.71

T

E

•c

/xV

1 jUU

9 CI Q A C
7 ^ 3 7 O , 7

1 J u i

52433 « 4

1 n 9

cn/.^LQ 9
7 ^HOO , <i

1303

52503. 1

1304

52537,9

7 Z 7 I C •O

1306

52607 • 6

1 A7

7 ^: ofz , *+

1308

52677.2

1309

52711.9

1310

7 2 746 , 7

1 i X

u 9 70 1 A
7 <i 1 0 X . H-

1312

5 ?8 16 • 1

1313

52850.8

1314

52885.5

1315

52920.2

1316

52954 • 8

1317

52989 , 5

1318

53024, 1

1319

53058,7

1 J}^ U

"3 r\ Q "J "3
7 7 J • 7

1 7 1
X X

1 9 7 Q
7 .7 X £ f ,7

1 7 7

7 J X DZ , 7

1323

53197. 1

1324

53231.6

1 7 R

c -a 0 A A 1
7 7 ZDO . X

1 9 A

7 J7UU , 0

1327

t; a -a -a c 1
J J D % X

1328

63369.6

1329

53404. 1

1 "3 n

5 343o , 6

1331

53473.0

1 3 32

6 3507.4

1 "a a "a
X ^ ^ 7

1334

53576.2

1335

53610,6

1336

53645.0

1337

53679.4

1338

53713.7

1339

63748.1

1340 63782.4

S dS/dT

^V/'C nV/'C^

34.897 -15.71

34.881 -15.67

34.865 -15.62

34.850 -15.58

34.834 -15,53

34.819 -15.48

34.803 -16.43

34.788 -16.38

34.772 -15.33

34.757 -16.27

34.742 -16.21

34.727 -15.16

34.711 -15.10

34.696 -15.03

34.681 -14.97

34.666 -14.90

34.652 -14.84

34.637 -14.77

34.622 -14.70

34.607 -14.63

34.693 -14.65

34.578 -14.47

34,564 -14,40

34,549 -14,32

34,535 -14,23

34,521 -14,15

34,607 -14,06

34,493 -13,98

34,479 -13,89

34,465 -13,79

34,451 -13,70

34.438 -13.60

34.424 -13.51

34.411 -13.41

34.397 -13.30

34.384 -13.20

34.371 -13.09

34.358 -12.98

34.345 -12.87

34.332 -12.76

34.319 -12.64

T

E

*C

1340

5 3 7 82 • 4

1341

7 7 0 X 0 , '

1 A 9

X

-a 0 c 1 A
7 7 0 7 X • u

1343

53885.3

1344

63919.6

1345

3 7 V 7 7 . 0

1346

^ "a Q Q a 1
7 7 VOO • X

X 7*f 1

R A n 9 9 "a

1348

64056.6

1349

64090,8

1 J 3 u

54125,0

L DJ 1.

64169,2

1352

54193 , 4

1353

54227.5

1364

54261.7

1356

64295 . 8

1356

J *+ J J u . w

1357

54364 . 1

1358

64398.2

1359

64432.3

1360

64466 . 4

54500 . 6

1362

54634 . 6

1363

54568.7

1364

54602.7

1365

S A A a A Q

1 J 00

^ A A 7n . R

1367

54704,9

1368

54738,9

1369

64772.9

1370

54806.9

1371

54840.9

1372

64874.9

S dS/dT

34,319 -12.64

34,307 -12,52

34,294 -12,40

34.282 -12.28

34.270 -12.16

34.258 -12.03

34.246 -11.90

34.234 -11.76

34.222 -11.63

34.211 -11.49

34.199 -11.35

34.188 -11.21

34.177 -11.06

34.166 -10.91

34.155 -10.76

34.144 -10.61

34.134 -10.45

34.123 -10.30

34.113 -10.13

34.103 -9.97

34.093 -9.80

34.084 -9,63

34,074 -9,46

34,065 -9,28

34,055 -9,11

34,046 -8,92

34,038 -8,74

34,029 -8,55

34.021 -8.36

34,012 -8.17

34.004 -7.97

33.996 -7.77

33.989 -7.57

151

Table 7.3.3. Thermoelectric values at the fixed points for Type K thermocouples

Temp.

E

S

dS/dT

Fixed point

°C

mV

mV/°C

nV/°C2

Helium NBP

-268

935

-6456

93

0.922

174.92

Hydrogen TP

— 259

340

— 6439

34

2.803

211.89

Hydrogen NBP

— 252

.870

— 6416

69

4.212

222 . 13

Neon TP

-248

595

-6396

64

5.168

224.61

Neon NBP

— 246

048

— 6382

75

5.741

224.89

Oxygen TP

-218

789

— 6144

56

11.630

202.94

Nitrogen TP

— 210

002

— 6034

65

13.373

193.87

Nitrogen NBP

-195

802

-5825

66

16.032

181.14

Oxygen NBP

-182

962

— 5605

15

18.296

171.76

Carbon Dioxide SP

— 78

476

— 2869

64

32.977

108.54

Mercury FP

— 38

862

— 1484

85

36.766

82.71

Ice point*

0

000

0

00

39.475

45.65

Ether TP

26

870

1076

0

40.564

34.85

Water BP

100

000

4095

3

41.371

-15.28

Benzoic TP

122

370

5016

0

40.913

-24.04

Indium FP

156

634

6403

9

40 . 142

-17.09

TinFP

231

9681

9420

1

40.399

17.57

Bismuth FP

271

442

11028

6

41.081

15.38

Cadmium FP

321

108

13084

9

41.670

8.93

Lead FP

327

502

13351

5

41.725

8.42

Mercury BP

356

660

14571

4

41.946

6.90

Zinc FP

419

580

17223

1

42.323

5.12

Sulphur BP

444

674

18286

7

42.441

4.26

Cu-Al FP

548

23

22696

5

42.638

-0.75

Antimony FP

630

74

26207

0

42.393

-5.11

Aluminum FP

660

37

27460

6

42.221

-6.48

Silver FP

961

93

39779

4

39.317

-10.25

Gold FP

1064

43

43755

0

38.245

-11.01

Copper FP

1084

5

44520

4

38.020

-11.42

*Junction point of different functions.

Table 7.3.4. Estimated maximum errors that occur when using reduced-bit arithmetic for the power series
expansion for the thermoelectric voltage of Type K thermocouples

Temperature range

Degree

Estimated maximum error in microvolts

12 Bit

16 Bit

24 Bit

27 Bit

36 Bit

-270 to -200 °C

10

15

1

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

-200 to 0 °C

10

. 2

0.1

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

0 to 200 °C

8 + exp

3

0.2

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

200 to 400 °C

8 + exp

3

0.6

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

400 to 600 °C

8 + exp

14

2

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

600 to 800 °C

8 + exp

50

3

0.02

<0.01

<0.01

800 to 1000 °C

8 + exp

130

4

0.06

<0.01

<0.01

1000 to 1200 °C

8 + exp

300

4

0.2

0.02

<0.01

1200 to 1372 °C

8 + exp

500

20

0.4

0.04

<0.01

152

7.4. Reference Functions and Tables for the
Positive Thermoelement, Type KP, a
A^i'cfceZ-Chromium Alloy Versus Platinum,
Pt-67

The coefficients for the twelfth degree expansion for
the thermoelectric voltage of Type KP (or EP) thermo-
elements versus Pt-67 below 0 °C are given in table
7.4.1. The coefficients for the sixth degree expansion
above 0 °C are also given in table 7.4.1. The errors
caused by using reduced bit arithmetic for calculating
values of the functions are given in table 7.4.4.

The primary reference values for Type KP (or EP)
thermoelements versus Pt-67 are given in table 7.4.2.
Values at selected fixed points are given in table 7.4.3.
Graphs of the thermoelectric voltage, its first derivative
(Seebeck coefficient), and second derivative are given
in figures 7.4.1, 7.4.2, and 7.4.3, respectively.

It should be stressed that Type KP (or EP)
thermoelement material that conforms closely
to the high temperature tabular values may not
necessarily conform closely at low temperatures
(below 0 °C) and vice versa. If Type KP (or EP)
thermoelements are to be used for accurate measure-
ments both above and below 0 °C, then the material
must be calibrated in the full temperature range, both
above and below 0 °C. Special selection of material
will often be required.

-0.4 0 04 0.8 1.2 1,6x10"

TEMPERATURE °C

Figure 7.4.2. Seebeck coefficient for Type KP (or EP)

thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67.

The circles indicate values at various thermometric fixed points on the
IPTS-68.

4.5x10

0.16

0.4 0.8
TEMPERATURE, °C

6x10

Figure 7.4.1. Thermoelectric voltage for Type KP (or EP)
thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67.

The circles indicate values at various thermometric fixed points on the
IPTS-68.

0.4 0.8
TEMPERATURE °C

1.2

1.6x10

Figure 7.4.3. Second derivative of thermoelectric voltage for
Type KP (or EP) thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67.

The circles indicate values at various thermometric fixed points on the
IPTS-68.

153

Table 7.4.1. Power series expansion for the thermo-
electric voltage of Type KP {or EP) thermoelements
versus platinum, Pt-67

Tempera-

ture

range

Degree

Coefficients

Term

-270 to

12

2

5835710133

X

10>

T

0 °C

2

79091 =i

A

10-2

-3

8345637644

X

10-*

J'i

-1

6841065632

X

10-''

T*

-4

4654164515

X

10-'

ji

-7

0161464011

X

10-'

ft

— 7

0114175503

X

10-1'

ji

-4

5711262093

X

10-13

fi

-1

9366901505

X

10-"

ft

-5

1348097562

X

10-18

-7

7268515186

X

10-21

yii

-5

0290738536

X

10-24

fit

0 to

6

2

5835710133

X

101

T

1372 °C

2.6122152288 X lO"'

f2

-3

3553323755

X

10-5

f3

1

5901401017

X

10-8

fi

-6

0374933939

X

10-13

fi

-1

2087501500

X

10-"

ft

154

Table 7.4.2. Type KP ( or EP) thermoelements versus platinum, Pt— 67 — thermoelectric voltages,
E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients,
dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C

T E
•C

270 -3557.78

269 -3556.94

268 -3556.09

267 -3555.24

266 -3554.38

S dS/dT

0.849 -3.36

0.847 -0.16

0.849 2.41

0.852 4.46

0.857 6.07

T E
"C /iV

-240 -3527.94

-239 -3526.63

-238 -3525.28

-237 -3523.89

-236 -3522.46

S dS/dT

^V/°C nV/°C^

1.289 35.96

1.327 38.58

1.367 41.30

1.409 44.11

1.455 46.99

T E

-210 -3459.76

-209 -3455.99

-208 -3452.11

-207 -3448.10

-206 -3443.96

S dS/dT

3.701 121.78

3.824 123.84

3.949 125.80

4.075 127.67

4.204 129.45

265 -3553.52

264 -3552.65

263 -3551.78

262 -3550.89

261 -3550,00

260 -3549.09

259 -3548,18

258 -3547,25

257 -3546,32

256 -3545.37

255 -3544.41

254 -3543,44

253 -3542,45

252 -3641,45

251 -3540.44

250 -3539.41

249 -3538.36

248 -3537.30

247 -3536.22

246 -3535,11

245 -3533,98

244 -3532,83

243 -3531.65

242 -3530,45

241 -3529,21

240 -3527,94

0,864 7,31

0.872 8.26

0.880 8.99

0.890 9.55

0.900 9.99

0.910 10.36

0.920 10.70

0.931 11.05

0.942 11.42

0,954 11.86

0.966 12.38

0.979 12.99

0.992 13.73

1.006 14.58

1.021 15.58

1.037 16.71

1.055 18.00

1.074 19.43

1.094 21.01

1.116 22.73

1.139 24.61

1.165 26.62

1.193 28.77

1.222 31.04

1.255 33.44

1,289 35.96

-235

-3520.98

— 2 3 A

— 3519»^5

—2 33

— a~7

—232

— 3516»24

—2 3 1

— 351A«54

-230

-3512.78

-229

—35 10*95

-228

-350 9 • 06

"? "5 "7

c; n "7 in

— 9 9 A

— ^ ^ O

-225

-3502.94

-224

-3500.74

-223

-3498.45

-222

-3496.08

-221

-3493.62

-220

-3491.07

-219

-3488.41

-218

-3485.66

-217

-3482.81

-216

-3479.85

-215

-3476.79

-214

-3473.61

-213

-3470.32

-212

-3466.92

-211

-3463.40

-210 -3459.76

1.503 49.95

1.555 52.97

1.609 56.04

1.667 59.15

1,727 62.29

1.791 65.45

1,858 68.63

1,929 71,81

2.002 74.99

2.079 78.15

2.158 81.29

2.241 84,41

2.327 87.49

2.416. 90.53

2.508 93.52

2.603 96.45

2.701 99.33

2.802 102.13

2.905 104.87

3.012 107.54

3.120 110.12

3.232 112.63

3.346 115.05

3.462 117.38

3.580 119.63

3.701 121.78

-205 -3439.69

-204 -3435.29

-203 -3430.76

-202 -3426.09

-201 -3421.29

-200 -3416.35

-199 -3411.27

-198 -3406.05

-197 -3400.69

-196 -3395.20

-195 -3389.56

-194 -3383.77

-193 -3377.84

-192 -3371.77

-191 -3365.56

-190 -3359.20

-189 -3352.69

-188 -3346.04

-187 -3339.24

-186 -3332.29

-185 -3325.20

-184 -3317.96

-183 -3310.58

-182 -3303.04

-181 -3295.36

-180 -3287.54

4.334 131.13

4.466 132.72

4.600 134.21

4.735 135.61

4,871 136,91

5,008 138,13

5,147 139.25

5.287 140.29
5.428 141.24
5.569 142.10

5.712 142.89

5.855 143.59

5.999 144.21

6.143 144.76

6.288 145.24

6.

434

145,65

6.

580

145,99

6.

726

146,26

6.

872

146,47

7,

019

146,63

7.

165

146.73

7.

312

146.77

7,

459

146.76

7,

606

146.71

7,

752

146.61

7,

899

146.47

155

Table 7.4.2. Type KP (or EP) thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67— thermoelectric voltages,
til), Seebeck coefficients, SfT), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients,
dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

"C

180

-3287 « 54

179

-3279.57

178

-3271,45

177

-3263.18

176

-3254.77

175

-3246,22

174

-3237,52

173

-3228,67

172

-3219,68

171

-3210,55

170

-3201.27

169

-3191.85

168

-3182.28

167

-3172,57

166

-3162,73

165

-3152, 74

164

-3142.61

163

-3132.33

162

-3121.92

161

-3111.37

160

-3100.68

159

-3089,86

158

-3078,89

157

-3067.79

156

-3056.55

155

-3045, 18

154

-3033,67

153

-3022,02

152

-3010,24

151

-2998,33

150

-2986,28

149

-2974, 10

148

-2961,79

147

-2949, 35

146

-2936,78

145

-2924,07

144

-2911.24

143

-2898.28

142

-2885. 19

141

-2871 .97

140

-2858.62

139

-2845, 15

138

-2831,55

137

-2817,82

136

-2803,97

135

-2790.00

134

-2775,90

133

-2761.68

132

-2747,33

131

-2732,87

130

-2718,28

129

-2703.57

128

-2688,74

127

-2673,79

126

-2658,72

125

-2643,53

124

-2628.23

123

-2612.81

122

-2597.27

121

-2581.61

120 -2565.84

S dS/dT

7.899 146.47

8.045 146.29

8.192 146.07

8.337 145.82

8.483 145.53

8.629 145.22

8.774 144.87

8.918 144.51
9.063 144.11
9.206 143.70

9.350 143.27

9.493 142.82

9.636 142.35

9.778 141.87

9.919 141.38

10.060 140.87

10.201 140.36

10.341 139.83

10.481 139.30

10.620 138,76

10.758 138.22

10,896 137,67

11,034 137.12

11.170 136.56

11.307 136.00

11.442 135.44

11.578 134.87

11.712 134.31
11.846 133.74
11.980 133.17

12.113 132.60

12.245 132.03
12.377 131.46
12.508 130.89
12.638 130.32

12.768 129.74

12.898 129.17

13.027 128.59

13.155 128.02

13.283 127.44

13.410 126,86

13.536 126.28

13.662 125.70

13.788 125.11

13.913 124.52

14.037 123.94

14.161 123.34

14.284 122.75
14.406 122.15
14.528 121.55

14.649 120.95

14.770 120.34

14.890 119.73

15.009 119.12

15.128 118.50

15.246 117.89
15.364 117.26
15.481 116.64
15.597 116.01

15.713 115.38

15.828 114.74

T

E

"C

-120

-2565.84

-119

-2549.96

-118

-2533.96

-117

-2517.84

-116

-2501.62

-115

-2485.28

-114

-2468.83

-113

-2452.27

-112

-2435.60

-111

-2418.82

-110

-2401.93

-109

-2384.93

-108

-2367.83

-107

-2350.62

-106

-2333.30

-105

-2315.87

-104

-2298.35

-103

-2280.71

-102

-2262.97

-101

-2245 . 13

-100

-2227.19

-99

-2209.14

-98

-2191.00

-97

-2172.75

-96

-2154.40

-95

-2135.95

-94

-2117.41

-93

-2098.76

-92

-2080.02

-91

-2061. 18

-90

-2042.24

-89

-2023.21

-88

-2004.08

-87

-1984.86

-86

-1965.54

-85

-1946.13

-84

-1926.62

-83

-1907.02

-82

-1887.33

-81

-1867. 54

-80

-1847.67

-79

-1827.70

-78

-1807.64

-77

-1787.50

-76

-1767.26

-75

-1746.93

-74

-1726.51

-73

-1706.01

-72

-1685.42

-71

-1664.74

-70

-1643.97

-69

-1623. 11

-68

-1602.17

-67

-1581.14

-66

-1560.03

-65

-1538.83

-64

-1517.55

-63

-1496. 19

-62

-1474.73

-61

-1453.20

-60 -1431.58

S dS/dT

^V/°C nV/'C^

15.828 114,74

15.942 114.11
16.056 113.47
16.169 112.83

16.282 112.19

16.394 111.54

16.505 110.90

16.615 110.25

16.725 109.61

16.835 108.96

16.943 108.32
17.051 107.68
17.159 107.03
17.265 106.39

17.371 105.75

17.477 105.12

17.582 104.49

17.686 103.86

17.789 103.24

17.892 102,62

17.995 102.00

18.096 101.39

18.197 100.79

18.298 100.19

18.398 99.60

18.497 99.02

18.596 98.44

18.694 97.87

18.792 97.31

18.889 96.76

18.985 96.21

19.081 95.68

19.176 95.15

19.271 94.63

19,366 94,11

19.460 93.61
19.553 93.11
19.646 92.62
19.738 92.14
19.830 91.67

19.922 91.20

20.012 90.74

20.103 90.29

20.193 89.84

20.283 89.40

20.372 88.96

20.461 88.53
20.549 88.10
20.637 87.67
20.724 87.25

20.811 86.82

20.898 86.40

20.984 85.98

21.070 85.56

21.155 85.14

21.240 84.71

21.325 84.29

21.409 83.86

21.492 83.43

21.576 82.99

21.658 82.55

T

E

•c

mV

'

-60

-1431.58

-59

-1409 . 88

-58

-1388.10

-57

-1366.24

-56

-1344.29

-55

-1322.27

-54

-1300 .16

-53

-1277.98

-52

-1255.71

-51

-1233.37

-50

-1210.95

-49

-1188.45

-48

-1165.87

-47

-1143.22

-46

-1120.49

-45

-1097.68

-44

-1074.80

-43

-1051.85

-42

-1028.82

-41

-1005.72

-40

-982.54

-39

-959.29

-38

-935.97

-37

-912.58

-36

-889.12

-35

-865,58

-34

-841.98

-33

-818.31

-32

-794.56

-31

-770.75

-30

-746.87

-29

-722.93

-28

-698.91

-27

-674.83

-26

-650.68

-25

-626.47

-24

-602.18

-23

-577.84

-22

-553.42

-21

-528.95

-20

-504.40

-19

-479. 79

-18

-455.12

-17

-430, 38

-16

-405 . 57

-15

-380.70

-14

-355.77

-13

-330.77

-12

-305.71

-11

-280.58

-10

-255.38

-9

-230.13

-8

-204.80

-7

-179.42

-6

-153.97

-6

-128.46

-4

-102.89

-3

-77.25

-2

-51.56

-1

-25.81

0 0.00

S dS/dT

21,658 82.55

21.741 82.10

21,823 81.65

21.904 81.19

21.985 80.72

22.065 80.25
22,145 79.77
22.225 79.29
22.304 78.80
22.383 78.30

22.461 77.79

22.538 77.28

22.615 76.77

22.692 76.25

22.768 75.72

22.843 75.19

22.918 74.66

22.992 74.13

23.066 73.60
23.140 73.07

23.212 72.55

23.285 72.03

23.357 71.51

23.428 71.01

23.499 70.51

23.569 70.02

23.639 69.55

23.708 69.10

23.777 68.66

23.845 68.24

23,913 67.84

23,981 67.47

24.048 67.12

24.115 66.80

24.182 66.50

24.248 66.23

24.314 65.99

24.380 65.78

24.446 65.59

24.511 65.44

24.577 65.30

24.642 65.19

24.707 65.10

24.772 66.03

24.837 64.96

24.902 64.90

24.967 64.83

25.032 64.75

25.096 64.64

25.161 64.50

25.225 64.30

25.290 64.03

25.353 63.68

25.417 63.21

25.480 62.61

25.542 61.85

25.603 60.89

25.664 59.71

25.723 58.27

25.780 56.51

25.836 54.40

156

Irvf thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67— thermoelectric voltages,

E(T), Seebeck coefficients, SfT), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients,
dS/ dT, reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

C

0

0.0

1

25.9

2

51.8

3

77.7

4

103.8

5

129,8

6

155,9

7

182,1

8

208.3

9

234,6

10

260.9

11

287, 3

12

313,7

13

340,2

14

1 5

393 • 3

16

4 1 9 « 9

17

446.6

18

473.3

19

500.1

20

526.9

2 1

553 . 8

22

580.7

23

607.6

24

634,6

2 5

661.7

26

688.8

27

716.0

28

743.2

29

770 . 4

30

797.7

31

825.0

32

852.4

33

879.8

34

907 . 3

3 5

934 . 8

36

962 . 4

37

990,0

38

1017,7

39

1045 ,4

40

1073 , 1

41

1100.9

42

1128.7

43

1156.6

44

1 184 . 5

45

1212.5

46

1240.5

47

1268.6

48

1296.7

49

1324. 8

50

13 53.0

R 1

7l

1381.2

1 4nQ ^

53

1437.8

54

1466.2

55

1494.5

56

1523.0

57

1551.5

58

1580.0

59

1608.5

60 1637.1

S dS/dT

25.836 52.24

25.888 52,04
25.940 51.84
25.992 51.64
26.043 51.44

26.094 51,24

26.146 51.04

26.197 50.84

26.247 50.65

26.298 50.45

26.348 50,25

26,398 50.05

26,448 49.86

26,498 49.66

26.548 49.46

26.597 49.27

26.646 49.07

26.695 48.88

26.744 48.68

26.792 48.49

26.841 48.29

26.889 48.10
26.937 47.91
26,985 47.71
27.032 47.52

27.080 47.33

27.127 47.14

27.174 46.95

27.221 46.76

27.268 46.57

27.314 46.38

27.360 46.19

27.407 46.00

27.452 45.81

27.498 45.62

27.544 45.43

27.589 45.24

27.634 45.06

27.679 44,87

27.724 44.68

27.768 44.50

27.813 44.31

27.857 44.12

27.901 43.94

27.945 43.75

27.989 43.57

28.032 43.39

28.075 43.20

28,119 43.02

28.161 42.84

28.204 42.65

28.247 42.47

28.289 42,29

28.331 42.11

28.373 41.93

28.415 41.75

28.457 41.57

28.498 41,39

28.540 41,21

28,581 41.03

28.622 40.85

T E

•c fi.y

60

1637. 1

61

1665 . 8

62

1694. 5

63

1723 . 2

64

1752.0

65

1780.8

66

1809,6

6 7

1838, 5

68

1867.4

69

1 896 . 4

70

1925.4

7 1

1954.4

7 2

1983.5

7 3

O n 1 9 A

iiU i ^1 • o

74

2041 . 8

75

2071.0

76

2100.2

2129.5

7 8

2158.8

79

2188. 1

80

2217.5

8 1

2246 . 9

8 2

22 76 . 4

8 3

2305.9

84

23 35,4

85

2365,0

86

2394 , 6

8 7

2424, 2

88

2453 • 9

89

2483 • 6

90

2513,4

91

2543.2

92

2573.0

93

2602.8

94

2632.7

95

2662.7

96

2692.6

97

2722.6

98

2752.7

99

2782.7

100 2812.8

101 2843.0

102 2873.1

103 2903.3

104 2933.6

105 2963.8

106 2994.1

107 3024.5

108 3054.8

109 3085.2

110 3115.7

111 3146.1

112 3176.6

113 3207.2

114 3237.7

115 3268.3

116 3298.9

117 3329.6

118 3360.3

119 3391.0

120 3421.7

S dS/dT

fL^/'C nV/°C^

28.622 40.85

28.662 40.67

28.703 40.49

28.743 40.31

28.784 40.14

28.824 39.96

28.864 39.78

28.903 39.61

28.943 39.43

28.982 39.26

29.021 39.08

29.060 38.91

29.099 38.73

29.138 38.56

29.176 38.39

29.215 38.21

29.253 38.04

29.291 37.87

29.328 37.70

29.366 37.52

29.403 37.35

29.441 37.18

29.478 37.01

29.515 36.84

29.551 36.67

29.588 36.50

29.624 36.33

29.661 36.16

29.697 36.00

29.733 35.83

29.768 35.66

29.804 35.49

29.839 35.33

29.875 35.16

29.910 34.99

29.945 34.83

29.979 34.66

30.014 34.50

30.0^*8 34.33

30.083 34.17

30.117 34.00

30.151 33.84

30.184 33.68

30.218 33.52

30.251 33.35

30.285 33.19

30.318 33.03

30.351 32.87

30.384 32.71

30.416 32.55

30.449 32.39

30.481 32.23

30.513 32.07

30.545 31.91

30.577 31.75

30.609 31.59

30.640 31.43

30.672 31.28

30.703 31.12

30.734 30.96

30.765 30.81

T
"C

E

120
121
122
123
124

3421.7
3452.5
3483.3
3514.2
3545.0

125
126
127
128

129

3575.9
3606.9
3637.8
3668.8
3699.9

130
131
132
133
134

3730.9
3762.0
3793.1
3824.2
3855.4

135
136
137
138
139

3886.6
3917.8
3949.1
3980.3
4011.7

140
141
142
143

144

4043.0
4074.4
4105.7
4137.2
4168.6

145
146
147
148
149

4200.1
4231.6
4263. 1
4294.7
4326.2

150
151
152
153
154

4357.9
4389.5
4421.1
4452.8
4484.5

155
156
157
158
159

4516.3
4548.0
4579.8
4611.6
4643.5

160
161
162
163
164

4675.3
4707.2
4739.1
4771.1
4803.0

165
166
167

168
169

4835.0
4867.0
4899. 1
4931.1
4963.2

170
171
172
173

1 "7/.

4995.3
5027.4
5059.6
5091.8
5124.0

175
176
177
178
179

5156.2
5188.4
5220.7
5253.0
5285.3

180

5317.6

S dS/dT

30.765 30.81

30.795 30.65

30.826 30.49

30.856 30.34

30.887 30.18

30.917 30.03

30.947 29.87

30.976 29.72

31.006 29.57

31.036 29.41

31.065 29.26

31.094 29.11

31.123 28.96

31.152 28.80

31.181 28.65

31.209 28.50
31.238 28.35
31.266 28.20
31,294 28,05

31.322 27.90

31.350 27.75

31.378 27.60

31.405 27.46

31.433 27.31

31.460 27.16

31.487 27.01

31.514 26.86

31.541 26.72

31.567 26.57

31.594 26.43

31.620 26,28

31.646 26.14

31.672 25.99

31.698 25.85

31.724 25.70

31.750 25.56

31.775 25.41

31.801 25.27

31.826 25.13

31.851 24.99

31.876 24.84

31.900 24.70

31.925 24.56

31.950 24.42

31.974 24.28

31.998 24.14

32.022 24.00

32.046 23.86

32.070 23.72

32.094 23.58

32.117 23.44

32.140 23.31

32.164 23.17

32.187 23.03

32.210 22.89

32.233 22.76

32.255 22.62

32.278 22.49

32.300 22.35

32.323 22.22

32.345 22.08

157

Table 7.4.2. Type KP (or EP) thermoelements versus platinum, Pt— 67 — thermoelectric voltages,
E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients,
dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T E

180 5317.6

181 5350.0

182 5382.4

183 5414.8

184 5447.2

185 5479.6

186 5512.1

187 5544.6

188 5577.1

189 5609.6

190 5642.2

191 5674.7

192 5707.3

193 5739.9

194 5772.6

195 5805.2

196 5837.9

197 5870.6

198 5903.3

199 5936.0

S dS/dT

/iV/ "C nVZ-C^

32.345 22.08

32,367 21.95

32.389 21.81

32.410 21.68

32.432 21.54

32.453 21.41

32.475 21.28

32.496 21.15

32.517 21.01

32.538 20.88

32.559 20.75

32.580 20.62

32.600 20.49

32.621 20.36

32.641 20.23

32.661 20.10

32.681 19.97

32.701 19.84

32.721 19.71

32.740 19.59

T

E

,,\/

240

7293.4

241

7326.9

242

7360.3

243

7393.8

244

7427.3

245

7460,8

246

7494.3

247

7527.8

248

7561.4

249

7594.9

250

7628.5

251

7662. 1

252

7695.7

253

1129.3

254

7763.0

255

7796.6

256

7830.2

257

7863.9

258

7897.6

259

7931.3

S dS /dT

/iV/^C nV/°C^

33.440 14.63

33.454 14.52

33.469 14.40

33.483 14.29

33.497 14.18

33.512 14.07

33.526 13.95

33.539 13.84

33.553 13.73

33.567 13.62

33.581 13.51

33.594 13.40

33.607 13.29

33.621 13.18

33.634 13.07

33.647 12.96

33.660 12.85

33.672 12.75

33.685 12.64

33.698 12.53

T E

300 9322.2

301 9356.3

302 9390.5

303 9424.6

304 9458.8

305 9492.9

306 9527.1

307 9561.3

308 9595.5

309 9629.7

310 9663.9

311 9698.1

312 9732.3

313 9766.5

314 9800.7

315 9835.0

316 9869.2

317 9903.5

318 9937.7

319 9972.0

S dS/dT

34.125 8.40

34.133 8.31

34.141 8.21

34.150 8.12

34.158 8.03

34.166 7.94

34.174 7.84

34.181 7.75

34.189 7.66

34.197 7.57

34.204 7.48

34.212 7.39

34.219 7.30

34.226 7.21

34.233 7.12

34.241 7.03

34.247 6.94

34.254 6.85

34.261 6.76

34.268 6.67

200

5968.8

201

6001.5

202

6034.3

203

6067.1

204

6100.0

205

6132.8

206

6165.7

207

6198.6

208

6231.5

209

6264.4

210

6297,3

211

6330.3

212

6363.3

213

6396.2

214

6429.3

32.760 19.46

32.779 19.33

32.799 19.20

32.818 19.08

32.837 18.95

32.856 18.82

32.874 18.70

32.893 18.57

32.911 18,45

32,930 18,32

32,948 18,20

32,966 18,08

32,984 17.95

33.002 17.83

33.020 17,71

260

7965.0

261

7998.7

262

8032.4

263

8066.2

264

8099.9

265

8133.7

266

8167.5

267

8201.3

268

8235. 1

269

8268,9

270

8302.7

271

8336,5

272

8370,4

273

8404,2

274

8438, 1

33,710 12,42

33,723 12.32

33.735 12.21

33.747 12.10

33.759 12.00

33.771 11.89

33.783 11.79

33,794 11,68

33,806 11,58

33,818 11,47

33,829 11,37

33,840 11,26

33,852 11,16

33,863 11,06

33,874 10,96

320 10006,3

321 10040,6

322 10074,8

323 10109,1

324 10143,4

325 10177,7

326 10212.0

327 10246.4

328 10280.7

329 10315.0

330 10349.3

331 10383.7

332 10418.0

333 10452.4

334 10486.7

34.275

6.59

34.281

6.50

34.288

6.41

34.294

6.32

34.300

6.24

34.306

6.15

34.312

6.07

34.319

5.98

34.324

5.89

34.330

5.81

34.336

5.72

34.342

5.64

34.347

5.56

34.353

5.47

34.358

5.39

215

6462.3

216

6495,3

217

6528.4

218

6561,5

219

6594,6

220

6627,7

221

6660,8

222

6694,0

223

6727, 1

224

6760,3

225

6793,5

226

6826,7

227

6860,0

228

6893,2

229

6926.5

230

6959.8

231

6993. 1

232

7026.4

233

7059,7

234

7093.0

235

7126.4

236

7159.8

237

7193.2

238

7226.6

239

7260.0

240

7293.4

33.038 17.58

33.055 17.46

33.073 17.34

33.090 17.22

33.107 17.10

33.124 16.98

33.141 16.86

33.158 16.74

33.174 16.62

33.191 16.50

33.207 16.38

33.224 16.26

33.240 16.14

33.256 16.02

33.272 15.90

33.288 15.79

33.303 15.67

33.319 15.55

33,335 15,44

33,350 15,32

33,365 15.20

33.380 15.09

33.395 14.97

33.410 14.86

33.425 14.75

33.440 14.63

275

8472.0

276

8505,9

277

8539,8

278

8573,7

279

8607.6

280

8641,5

281

8675.5

282

8709.4

283

8743.4

284

8777.4

285

8811.3

286

8845.3

287

8879.3

288

8913.4

289

8947.4

290

8981.4

291

9015.4

292

9049.5

293

9083.6

294

9117.6

295

9151.7

296

9185.8

297

9219,9

298

9254,0

299

9288, 1

300 9322,2

33,885 10,85

33,895 10,75

33,906 10,65

33,917 10,55

33,927 10,45

33,938 10.35

33.948 10.25

33.958 10,15

33.968 10.05

33.978 9.95

33.988 9.85

33.998 9.75

34.008 9.65

34,017 9,55

34,027 9,46

34,036 9,36

34,045 9,26

34,055 9,16

34,064 9,07

34,073 8,97

34,082 8,88

34,091 8,78

34,099 8,69

34.108 8.59

34.116 8.50

34.125 8.40

335

10521.1

336

10555.5

337

10589.8

338

10624.2

339

10658.6

340

10693.0

341

10727.4

342

10761.8

343

10796.2

344

10830,6

345

10865,0

346

10899,4

347

10933,8

348

10968,2

349

11002,7

350

11037, 1

351

11071.5

352

11106.0

353

11140.4

354

11174.9

355

11209.3

356

11243.8

357

11278.2

358

11312.7

359

11347.2

360

11381.6

34.364 5.31

34,369 5,22

34,374 5.14

34.379 5.06

34.384 4.98

34.389 4.89

34.394 4.81

34.399 4.73

34.403 4.65

34,408 4,57

34.413 4.49

34.417 4.41

34.421 4.33

34.426 4,25

34,430 4.17

34,434 4,10

34,438 4,02

34.442 3.94

34.446 3.86

34.450 3.78

34.454 3.71

34.457 3.63

34.461 3.55

34.464 3.48

34.468 3.40

34.471 3.33

158

Table 7.4.2. Type KP (or EP) thermoelements versus platinum^ Pt— 67 — thermoelectric voltages,
E(T), Seebeck coefficients, SfT), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients,
dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

s

dS/dT

T

E

S

dS/dT

T

E

s

dS/dT

"C

uV
r'

»c

uV/'C

»c

uV

nV/»C*

360

11381.6

34.471

3.33

420

13453.3

34.546

-0.67

480

16522.9

34.410

-3,69

361

11416.1

34.474

3,25

421

13487.9

34.545

-0.73

481

15557.3

34.406

-3,73

362

11450.6

34,478

3.18

422

13522.4

34,5^4

-0.79

482

15591.7

34.403

-3.77

363

11485.1

34,481

3.10

423

13557.0

34.543

-0.85

483

15626, 1

34.399

-3,81

364

11519.5

34,484

3,03

424

13591.5

34.542

-0.90

484

15660, 5

34.395

-3.86

365

11554,0

34,487

2,95

425

13626.0

34,542

-0.96

485

15694,9

34,391

-3.89

366

11588,5

34,490

2.88

426

13660.6

34,541

-1 .02

486

15729,3

34,387

-3 .94

367

11623.0

34,493

2.81

427

13695. 1

34,539

-1.07

487

15763.7

34,383

-3.98

368

11657.5

34,495

2.73

428

13729.7

34.538

-1.13

488

15798.1

34,379

-4.02

369

11692.0

34,498

2.66

429

13764,2

34.537

-1.19

489

15832.4

34, 375

-4.06

370

11726.5

34,501

2.59

430

13798,7

34.536

-1 .24

490

15866.8

34,371

-4.10

371

11761 .0

34.503

2.52

431

13833,3

34.535

-1.30

491

15901,2

34,367

-4 . 14

372

11795.5

34. 506

2.44

432

13867,8

34.533

-1.35

492

15935,6

34,363

-4.18

373

11830.0

34.508

2.37

433

13902.3

34,532

-1.41

493

15969,9

34,359

-4.22

374

11864,5

34. 510

2.30

434

13936,9

34,531

-1 .46

494

16004,3

34,354

-4.26

375

11899,0

34. 513

2.23

435

13971 ,4

34,529

-1.51

495

16038,6

34,360

-4.30

376

11933,5

34.515

2.16

436

14005.9

34,528

-1.57

496

16073 , 0

34,346

-4.33

377

11968.1

34.517

2.09

437

14040,5

34,526

-1.62

497

16107.3

34,342

-4.37

378

12002.6

34,519

2,02

438

14075.0

34,524

-1.68

498

16141.6

34,337

-4.41

379

12037,1

34,521

1,95

439

14109.5

34, 523

-1.73

499

16176.0

34.333

-4 ,45

380

12071.6

34, 523

1.88

440

14144.0

34,521

-1.78

500

16210.3

34.328

-4,49

381

12106,1

34.525

1.81

441

14178.5

34,619

-1.83

501

16244.6

34.324

-4 ,52

382

12140,7

34. 527

1.74

442

14213. 1

34.517

-1.89

502

16279.0

34.319

-4,56

383

12175,2

34,528

1.67

443

14247.6

34,515

-1.94

503

16313.3

34.315

-4,60

384

12209.7

34,530

1.60

444

14282. 1

34.513

-1.99

504

16347.6

34.310

-4,64

385

12244.3

34,532

1.53

445

14316.6

34.611

-2 .04

505

16381.9

34.305

-4.67

386

12278.8

34,533

1.47

446

14351.1

34.509

-2.09

506

16416.2

34.301

-4.71

387

12313.3

34. 534

1.40

447

14385 .6

34.507

-2 . 14

507

16450. 5

34.296

-4.75

388

12347.9

34,536

1.33

448

14420. 1

34.505

-2.20

508

16484.8

34.291

-4.78

389

12382.4

34.537

1.26

449

14454.6

34.503

-2.25

509

16519. 1

34.286

-4,82

390

12416.9

34.538

1.20

450

14489.1

34.500

-2,30

510

16553,4

34.282

-4,85

391

12451.5

34,540

1.13

451

14523.6

34.498

-2.35

511

16687.6

34.277

-4,89

392

12486.0

34. 541

1.06

452

14558.1

34.496

-2 . 40

512

1662 1 . 9

34.272

-4 , 92

393

12520.5

34.542

1.00

453

14592.6

34.493

-2,45

513

16666.2

34.267

-4,96

394

12555.1

34.543

0.93

454

14627, 1

34,491

-2.50

514

16690.5

34.262

-4,99

395

12589.6

34. 544

0.87

455

14661,6

34.488

-2.54

515

16724.7

34.257

-6,03

396

12624.2

34.544

0,80

456

14696, 1

34,486

-2,59

516

16759.0

34.252

-5.06

397

12658.7

34. 545

0. 74

457

14730 , 6

34,483

-2 ,64

517

16793.2

34.247

-5.09

398

12693.3

34.546

0.67

458

14765. 1

34,480

-2,69

518

16827.5

34.242

-5.13

399

12727.8

34.546

0.61

459

14799.5

34,478

-2.74

519

16861.7

34.236

-5.16

400

12762.4

34. 547

0.55

460

14834.0

34,475

-2.79

520

16896.9

34.231

-5.19

401

12796.9

34.548

0.48

461

14868.5

34.472

-2 .83

521

16930.2

34.226

-5.23

402

12831,5

34. 548

0.42

462

14903.0

34.469

-2.88

522

16964.4

34.221

-6.26

403

12866.0

34.548

0.36

463

14937,4

34.466

-2.93

523

16998,6

34,216

-6.29

404

12900.6

34. 549

0.29

464

14971.9

34.463

-2.97

524

17032,8

34.210

-5 .32

40 5

12935. 1

34. 549

0.23

465

15006.4

34.461

-3.02

525

17067.0

34.205

-6.36

406

12969,6

34. 549

0.17

466

15040.8

34.457

-3.07

526

17101,2

34.200

-5.39

407

13004,2

34. 549

0.11

467

15075. 3

34.454

-3.11

527

17135.4

34, 194

-6.42

408

13038,7

34.549

0.04

468

15109,7

34.451

-3.16

528 ,

17169.6

34.189

-5.46

409

13073,3

34. 549

-0.02

469

15144,2

34.448

-3.20

529

17203.8

34.183

-5.48

410

13107,8

34.549

-0.08

470

15178,6

34,445

-3,25

530

17238.0

34. 178

-5.51

411

13142 ,4

34, 549

-0.14

471

15213, 1

34.442

-3.29

531

17272.2

34.172

-5.54

412

13176.9

34. 549

-0.20

472

15247.5

34.438

-3,34

532

17306.3

34. 167

-5,58

413

13211.5

34.549

-0.26

473

15281.9

34.435

-3.38

533

17340.5

34.161

-5,61

414

13246.0

34, 549

-0.32

474

15316.4

34,431

-3.43

534

17374.6

34. 165

-5 .64

415

13280.6

34,548

-0.38

475

15350,8

34.428

-3.47

536

17408.8

34.150

-5.67

416

13315.1

34, 548

-0.44

476

16385,2

34.425

-3.51

536

17442.9

34. 144

-5.69

417

13349,7

34,547

-0.50

477

15419.7

34.421

-3.56

537

17477.1

34.138

-6,72

418

13384,2

34.547

-0.56

478

15454. 1

34.417

-3.60

638

17611.2

34.133

-6,75

419

13418.8

34.546

-0.61

479

15488.5

34.414

-3.64

539

17545.4

34,127

-5,78

420

13453,3

34.546

-0.67

480

15522.9

34.410

-3.69

540

17579.5

34.121

-5.81

159

Table 7.4.2. Type KP (or EP) thermoelements versus platinum, Pt— 67 — thermoelectric voltages,
E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seeheck coefficients,
dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

Of*

540

17579.5

541

17613.6

542

17647.7

543

17681.8

544

17715.9

545

17750.0

546

17784. 1

547

17818.2

548

17852,3

549

17886,3

550

17920,4

551

17954.4

552

17988.5

553

18022.5

554

18056.6

555

18090,6

556

18124,6

557

18158,7

558

18192,7

559

18226,7

560

18260,7

561

18294,7

562

18328,7

563

18362 , 7

564

18396,6

565

18430,6

566

18464,6

567

18498,5

568

18532 , 5

569

18566,4

570

18600,4

571

18634,3

572

18668,2

573

18702 , 1

574

18736, 1

575

18770,0

576

18803,9

577

18837,8

578

18871 .6

579

18905.5

580

18939.4

581

18973.3

582

19007. 1

583

19041,0

584

19074.8

585

19108,6

586

19142.5

587

19176.3

588

19210,1

589

19243,9

590

19277,7

591

19311,5

592

19345,3

593

19379,1

594

19412.9

595

19446.6

596

19480.4

597

19514. 1

598

19547.9

599

19581,6

600

19615.4

S dS/dT

^V/'C nV/'C^

34.121 -5.81

34.115 -5.84

34.109 -5.87

34.104 -5.90

34.098 -5.92

34.092 -5.95

34.086 -5.98

34.080 -6.01

34.074 -6.03

34.068 -6.06

34.062 -6.09

34.055 -6.11

34.049 -6.14

34.043 -6.17

34.037 -6.19

34.031 -6.22

34.025 -6.24

34.018 -6.27

34.012 -6.29

34.006 -6.32

33.999 -6.34

33.993 -6.37

33.987 -6.39

33.980 -6.41

33.974 -6.44

33.967 -6,46

33.961 -6.48

33.954 -6.51

33.948 -6.53

33.941 -6.55

33.935 -6,58

33.928 -6,60

33,922 -6,62

33,915 -6,64

33,908 -6,66

33,902 -6.69

33.895 -6.71

33.888 -6,73

33,882 -6,75

33,875 -6,77

33.868 -6.79

33.861 -6.81

33.854 -6.83

33.848 -6.85

33.841 -6.87

33.834 -6.89

33.827 -6.91

33.820 -6.93

33.813 -6.95

33.806 -6.97

33.799 -6.99

33.792 -7.00

33.785 -7.02

33.778 -7,04

33,771 -7,06

33,764 -7,08

33,757 -7,09

33,750 -7,11

33,743 -7,13

33,735 -7,14

33,728 -7,16

T

E

op

ftW

600

19615,4

601

19649, 1

602

19682 , 8

603

19716,5

604

19750,2

605

19783,9

606

19817.6

607

19851.3

608

19885,0

609

19918,6

610

19952.3

611

19985.9

612

20019.6

613

20053,2

614

20086,8

615

20120, 5

616

20154, 1

617

20187.7

618

20221.3

619

20254.9

620

20288. 5

621

20322. 1

622

20355 . 6

623

20389,2

624

20422 , 7

625

20456,3

626

20489.8

627

20523,4

628

20556,9

629

20590,4

630

20623,9

631

20657,4

632

20690,9

633

20724,4

634

20757,9

635

20791 ,4

636

20824,8

637

20858.3

638

20891.7

639

20925.2

640

20958.6

641

20992.0

642

21025,5

643

21058,9

644

21092,3

645

21125,7

646

21159,0

647

21192,4

648

21225,8

649

21259,2

650

21292,5

651

21325,9

652

21359.2

653

21392,5

654

21425,9

655

21459,2

656

21492,5

657

21525,8

658

21559, 1

659

21592,4

660 21625.7

S dS/dT

33.728 -7.16

33.721 -7.18

33.714 -7.19

33.707 -7.21

33.700 -7.23

33.692 -7.24

33.685 -7.26

33.678 -7.27

33.671 -7,29

33,663 -7.30

33.656 -7.32

33.649 -7.33

33.641 -7.35

33.634 -7.36

33.627 -7.38

33.619 -7.39

33.612 -7,41

33,604 -7,42

33,597 -7,43

33.589 -7.45

33.582 -7.46

33,575 -7,47

33,567 -7.49

33.560 -7.50

33.552 -7.51

33.545 -7.52

33.537 -7,54

33,529 -7,55

33,522 -7,56

33,514 -7,57

33,507 -7,58

33,499 -7,60

33,492 -7.61

33.484 -7.62

33.476 -7.63

33.469 -7.64

33.461 -7.65

33.453 -7.66

33.446 -7.67

33.438 -7.68

33.430 -7.69

33.423 -7.70

33.415 -7.71

33.407 -7.72

33.400 -7.73

33.392 -7.74

33.384 -7.75

33.376 -7.76

33.369 -7,77

33,361 -7,77

33,353 -7,78

33,345 -7.79

33.337 -7.80

33.330 -7.81

33.322 -7.82

33.314 -7.82

33.306 -7.83

33.298 -7.84

33.290 -7.85

33.283 -7.85

33.275 -7.86

T

E

nw

660

21625,7

661

21658.9

662

21692.2

663

21725,5

664

21758,7

665

21791.9

666

21825.2

667

21858.4

668

21891.6

669

21924.8

670

21968.0

671

21991.2

672

22024.4

673

22057.6

674

2 2090.7

675

22123.9

676

22157,0

677

22190,2

678

22223,3

679

22256,5

680

22289,6

681

22322.7

682

22355.8

683

22388.9

684

22422 . 0

685

22455. 1

686

22488,1

687

22521,2

688

22554,3

689

22587,3

690

22620,3

691

22653,4

692

22686.4

693

22719.4

694

22752.4

695

22785.4

696

22818.4

697

22851.4

698

22884.4

699

22917.3

700

22950.3

701

22983.3

702

23016.2

703

23049. 1

704

23082. 1

705

23115,0

706

23147,9

707

23180,8

708

23213,7

709

23246 , 6

710

23279,5

711

23312,3

712

23345.2

713

23378.1

714

23410.9

715

23443.7

716

23476.6

717

23509.4

718

23542.2

719

23575.0

720 23607.8

S dS /dT

^V/»C nV/'C*

33.275 -7.86

33.267 -7.87

33.259 -7.87

33.251 -7.88

33.243 -7.89

33.235 -7.89

33.227 -7.90

33.220 -7.90

33.212 -7.91

33.204 -7.92

33.196 -7.92

33.188 -7.93

33.180 -7.93

33.172 -7.94

33.164 -7.94

33.156 -7.95

33,148 -7,95

33,140 -7,96

33,132 -7,96

33,124 -7,97

33.116 -7.97

33.108 -7.97

33.100 -7.98

33.092 -7.98

33.084 -7.99

33.076 -7.99

33.068 -7.99

33.061

-{

J. 00

33.053

-f

i.OO

33.045

-f

J. 00

33.037

-f

S.OO

33.028

-f

J, 01

33.020

-f

5,01

33.012

-f

5,01

33.004

-f

J, 02

32.996

-f

J, 02

32.988

-{

J, 02

32.980

-{

i.02

32.972

-S

i,02

32.964

-i

J. 03

32.956

-!

J. 03

32.948

-f

i.03

32.940

-f

J. 03

32.932

-{

J. 03

32.924

-i

S.03

32.916

-i

J. 03

32.908

-i

J.O*

32,900

-i

i.04

32.892

-£

i.04

32.884

-J

!.04

32.876

-£

i.04

32,868

-£

i.O^

32,860

-£

i.04

32,852

-£

i.04

32,844

-£

i.04

32,836

-£

i.04

32,828

-£

i.04

32.820

-f

i.04

32.812

-£

i.04

32.804

-£

.04

32.796

-£

.04

160

Table 7.4.2. Type KP ( or EP) thermoelements versus platinum, Pt— 67 — thermoelectric voltages,
E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients,
dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

fiW

720

2 3 60 7 » o

721

2 3 640 « 6

722

23673.4

723

23706.2

7 P R

2 3 7 7 1 # 7

7 9 A

"? fi n /i

^ .P O U H- « D

727

23837.2

728

23869.9

729

23902 . 7

730

2 3 935.4

7 1

23968 . 1

732

24000,8

733

24033.5

73^

24066 • 2

7 c,

"5 A n Q fl Q

736

24 1 3 1 • 5

737

24164.2

738

24196.8

739

242 29 » 5

740

24262 . 1

741

O /i O Q /< Q

742

24327.4

743

24360.0

744

74 3

24425 . 2

746

2445 7.8

747

24490.4

748

24523.0

7/i Q

9 /l R c; c, c
iCf P 3 3 . D

7 A

7 e; 1

24620 .6

752

24653.2

753

24685.7

7 ^.

7 5 5

24750 8

7 A

757

24815.8

758

24848.3

7 59

? 6.fl ft n ft

^ t o o u . o

76 0

2491 3.2

7^1

•> A Q /i -7
7 H 3 . (

762

24978.2

763

25010.6

764

2 5 043. 1

7 A R

o c f-i 7 c c

tec
1 bo

25107.9

767

25140.4

768

25172.8

769

2 5 205.2

7 7a

f / (J

3 <i -5 f . o

7 71

25270.0

772

25302.4

773

25334.7

774

2 5367.1

775

25399.5

776

25431.8

111

25464.2

lis

25496.5

779

25528.8

780

25561.2

S dS/dT

/iV/'C

nV/'C^

32.796

-8.04

32.788

-8.04

32.780

-8.04

32.771

-8.04

32.763

-8.04

32.755

-8.03

32.747

-8.03

32.739

-8.03

32.731

-8.03

32.723

-8.03

32.715

-8.03

32.707

-8.03

32.699

-8.02

32.691

-8.02

32 .683

-8.02

32.675

-8.02

32.667

-8.02

32.659

-8.02

32.651

-8.01

32 . 643

-8.01

32.635

-8.01

32.627

-8.01

32.619

-8.00

32.611

-8.00

32 . 603

-8.00

32 . 595

-7.99

32.587

-7.99

32.579

-7.99

32. 571

-7.99

32. 563

-7.98

32.555

-7.98

32. 547

-7.98

32. 539

-7.97

32.531

-7.97

32.523

-7.97

32.515

-7.96

32.507

-7.96

32.499

-7.95

32.491

-7.95

32.483

-7.95

32.476

-7.94

32.468

-7.94

32 .460

-7.93

32.452

-7.93

32.444

-7.92

32.436

-7.92

32.428

-7.92

32.420

-7.91

32.412

-7.91

32.404

-7.90

32.396

-7.90

32.388

-7.89

32.381

-7.89

32.373

-7.88

32.365

-7.88

32.357

-7.87

32.349

-7.87

32.341

-7.86

32.333

-7.86

32.325

-7.85

32.318

-7.85

T

E

7 R A

"> C, A 1 9

7P 1

o "a c,

782

25625.8

783

25658.1

784

785

2 5722.7

7ft A

9 CL 7 c; A Q

787

25787.2

788

25819.5

789

2585 1.7

790

2 5883 « 9

7Q 1
( " J.

2 59 16.2

792

25948.4

793

25980.6

7QA

7 f>.c\^ '? ft

il D U ± ^ . O

7 Q ^

;? A A A £^ n

7 OA

797

26109.4

798

26141.6

7 O Q

26173 . 8

800

A o n A n

Bo 1

262 38.1

802

26270.3

803

26302.4

804

26334.5

8 0 5

26366 . 7

806

1 i 1 fl O Q

iio3 y o . o

807

26430.9

808

26463.0

8 09

o 1 0

2 6527.2

Oil

2655 9.3

812

26591.3

813

26623.4

814

26655. 5

815

^ o o o / . y

ft 1 A

9 A 7 1 Q A

817

26751.6

818

26783.6

819

26815.6

820

? Aft A7 . 7

^ D O t f . f

ft T

0 d 1

9 Aft 70 7
^ O O 1 7 . f

822

26911.7

823

26943.6

824

26975 . 6

fl 9

826

2 70 39.6

827

27071.5

828

27103.5

829

2 7135.4

830

7 7 1 A 7 /±

o jJ i

7 7 1 QO "5

832

27231 . 2

833

27263. 1

834

27295.0

835

27326.9

836

27358.8

837

27390. 7

838

27422.6

839

27454.5

840 27486.3

S dS/dT

/xV/°C nV/°C^

32.318 -7.85

32.310 -7.84

32.302 -7.83

32.294 -7.83

32.286 -7.82

32.278 -7.82

32.271 -7.81

32.263 -7.81

32.255 -7.80

32.247 -7.79

32.239 -7.79

32.232 -7.78

32.224 -7.78

32.216 -7.77

32.208 -7.76

32.201 -7.76

32.193 -7.75

32.185 -7.74

32.177 -7.74

32.170 -7.73

32.162 -7.72

32.154 -7.72

32.146 -7.71

32.139 -7.70

32.131 -7.70

32.123 -7.69

32.116 -7.68

32.108 -7.68

32.100 -7.67

32.093 -7.66

32.085 -7.66

32.077 -7.65

32.070 -7.64

32.062 -7.64

32.054 -7.63

32.047 -7.62

32.039 -7.61

32.032 -7.61

32.024 -7.60

32.016 -7.59

32.009 -7.59

32.001 -7.58

31.994 -7.57

31.986 -7.56

31.976 -7.56

31.971 -7.55

31.963 -7.54

31.956 -7.53

31.948 -7.53

31.941 -7.52

31.933 -7.51

31.926 -7.50

31.918 -7.50

31.911 -7.49

31.903 -7.48

31.896 -7.47

31.888 -7.47

31.881 -7.46

31.873 -7.45

31.866 -7.44

31.859 -7.44

T

E

"C

840

9 7 /■ fl A 1

841

27 bis » 2

842

27550.0

843

27581.9

844

9 7 A 1 "a 1

845

27645 » 5

846

21617 • 3

847

27709.2

848

27741.0

849

9 7 7 7 9 "7

ft A

O P u

9 7 Q HA S

H R 1
OZ> 1

9 7 fi A

852

27868.1

853

27899.9

n c^ /■

9 7 O C» 1 A

855

27963 • 4

856

9 7 O O c, 1
A ( WD . i

857

28026.9

858

28058.6

859

7 a n o A n
o (J 7 0 . J

860

28122.0

86 1

28153.7

862

28185.4

863

28217.1

864

T O 1 /. O Q

2 o24o . o

865

28280 . 5

866

28312.2

867

28343.8

868

28375.5

869

2 840 7.1

870

2 8438 . 8

871

2 8470 . 4

872

28502.0

873

28533.7

ft 7/i

9 fl A A
A O DO D . J

875

28596. 9

876

2862 8.5

877

28660.1

878

28691.7

P 7 O

9 ft 7 9 "3 9

880

9 ft 7 R /■ P
to ( D*+ # O

881

9 P 7 Q A /■

882

28817.9

883

28849.5

884

9 ft ft ft 1 A
A O O O 1 . U

88 5

289 12.5

886

28944 « 1

887

28975.6

888

29007.1

889

9 Q r\ H Q A
A VU J O . O

ft Q n

O 7 U

9 Qn 7 r\ 1

891

29101.6

892

9 Q 1 Q Q 1

A 7 1 .9 J5 . 1

893

29164.6

894

29196.0

895

29227.5

896

29259.0

897

29290.4

898

29321.9

899

29353.3

900 29384.7

S dS/d"
/iV/'C nV/°C'

31.859

-7.44

"^1 ft 1

— 7

31. 844

— 7 L.7

31.836

— 7.41

31.829

—7.40

31.821

-7.40

31.814

— 7 . 39

31.807

— 7.38

31.799

-1 131

31. 792

-1 .37

31.785

-7.36

31# 777

-7.35

31. 770

-7.34

31. 763

-7.33

31.755

— 7 . 33

31.748

-7.32

31. 741

-7.31

31.733

— 7.30

"^1 7 9 A
-J 1 . f ^O

— 7 - 9 Q

"^1 7 1 Q

^ 1 « f 1 7

— 7 PQ

— / . <L7

31.711

-7.28

31.704

_ "7 9 "7

■3 1 A Q 7
.9 i . O 7 /

— 7 9A

— / • AO

•a 1 AQn
.9 J. . O 7 U

— 7 9 A

— / . A.O

31.682

— 7.25

31.675

-7.24

31. 66 8

— 7.23

31. 66 1

7 9 9

"5 1 A CL "a
J i . oD J

_ 7 9 9

31. 646

— 7 9 1

31.639

-7.20

31.632

—7.19

31. 625

— 7.19

31.617

— 7 . 18

31.610

— 7.17

31.603

-7.16

31 . 596

-7 . 15

31.589

-7 . 15

31.582

-7 . 14

31. 574

-7 . 13

31.567

-7.12

31. 560

—7 .12

31.553

-7.11

31. 546

— 7.10

31.539

— 7.09

31.532

-7.09

31. 525

— 7.08

31.516

-7.07

31.511

— 7.06

31. 504

— 7.06

31.496

-7.05

31.489

-7.04

31.482

-7.03

31.475

-7.03

31.468

-7.02

31.461

-7.01

31.454

-7.01

31.447

-7.00

31.440

-6.99

31.433

-6.98

31.426 -6.98

161

Table 7.4.2. Type KP ( or EP) thermoelements versus platinum, Pt— 67 — thermoelectric voltages,
E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients,
dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

•c

/iV

900

29384.7

901

29416.2

902

29447.6

903

29479.0

904

29510.4

905

29541.8

906

29573.2

907

29604.5

908

29635.9

909

29667. 3

910

29698.6

911

29730.0

912

29761.3

913

29792.7

914

29824.0

915

29855 . 3

916

29886.7

917

29918.0

918

29949 . 3

919

29980.6

920

30011.9

921

30043.2

922

30074.4

923

30105.7

924

30137.0

925

30168.2

926

30199.5

927

30230.7

928

30262.0

929

30293.2

930

30324.4

931

30355.6

932

30386. 8

933

30418 .0

934

30449.2

935

30480.4

936

30511.6

937

30542.8

938

30574.0

939

30605.1

940

30636.3

941

30667.4

942

30698.6

943

30729.7

944

30760.8

945

30792 .0

946

30823 . 1

947

30854.2

948

30885. 3

949

30916.4

950

30947. 5

951

30978.5

952

31009.6

953

3 1040 . 7

954

31071.8

955

31102.8

956

31133.9

957

31164.9

958

31195.9

959

31227.0

960

31258.0

s

dS/dT

fj.W'C

31 .426

-6.98

31.419

-6.97

31.412

-6.96

31.405

-6.96

31.399

-6.95

31.392

-6.94

31.385

-6.93

31.378

-6.93

31.371

-6.92

31 . 364

-6.91

31.357

-6,91

31.350

-6.90

31.343

-6.89

31.336

-6.89

31.329

-6.88

31.322

-6.88

31.316

-6.87

31.309

-6.86

31 . 302

-6.86

31.295

-6.85

31 .288

-6 . 84

31.281

-6.84

31.275

-6.83

31 .268

-6,83

31.261

-6.82

31.254

-6,81

31.247

-6.81

31.240

-6.80

31 . 234

-6.80

31.227

-6. 79

31.220

-6. 78

31.213

-6.78

31.206

-6.77

31.200

-6.77

31.193

-6,76

31. 186

-6,76

31 . 179

-6,75

31.173

-6,75

31. 166

-6,74

31.159

-6.74

31.152

-6.73

31. 146

-6. 73

31.139

-6.72

31.132

-6.72

31. 126

-6.71

31.119

-6.71

31. 112

-6. 70

31.105

-6.70

31.099

-6. 69

31.092

-6.69

31.085

-6.69

31.079

-6.68

31.072

-6.68

31 .065

-6.67

31.059

-6.67

31 .052

-6.67

31.046

-6.66

31.039

-6.66

31.032

-6.66

31.025

-6.65

31.019

-6.65

T

E

•c

960

31258.0

961

31289.0

962

31320.0

963

31351.0

964

31382.0

965

31413.0

966

31444,0

967

31475.0

968

31505.9

969

31536.9

970

31567,8

971

31598.8

972

31629,7

973

31660,7

974

31691,6

975

31722,5

976

31753,4

977

31784,3

978

31815,2

979

31846. 1

980

31877,0

981

31907,9

982

31938,8

983

31969, 7

984

32000,5

985

32031.4

986

32062.2

987

32093.1

988

32123.9

989

32154. 7

990

32185.6

991

32216.4

992

32247.2

993

32278.0

994

32308.8

995

32339.6

996

32370.4

997

32401.1

998

32431.9

999

32462.7

1000 32493.4

1001 32524.2

1002 32554.9

1003 32585.7

1004 32616,4

1005 32647.1

1006 32677.8

1007 32708.6

1008 32739.3

1009 32770.0

1010 32800.7

1011 32831,3

1012 32862,0

1013 32892.7

1014 32923.4

1015 32954,0

1016 32984.7

1017 33015.3

1018 33045.9

1019 33076.6

1020 33107.2

s

dS /dT

31.019
31.012
31.005
30.999
30.992

-6.65
-6.65
-6.64
-6.64
-6.64

30.986
30.979
30.972
30.966
30.959

-6.63
-6.63
-6.63
-6.62
-6.62

30.952
30.946
30.939
30.933
30.926

-6.62
-6.62
-6,62
-6,61
-6,61

30.919
30.913
30.906
30.900
30.893

-6,61
-6.61
-6.61
-6.60
-6.60

30.886
30.880
30.873
30.866
30.860

-6.60
-6.60
-6.60
-6.60
-6.60

30.853
30.847
30.840
30.834
30.827

-6.60
-6.59
-6.59
-6.59
-6.59

30.820
30.814
30.807
30.801
30.794

-6.59
-6.59
-6.59
-6.59
-6.59

30,787
3o, 781
30.774
30.768
30.761

-6.59
-6.59
-6.59
-6.59
-6.60

30.754
30.748
30.741
30.735
30.728

-6.60
-6.60
-6.60
-6.60
-6.60

30.721
30.715
30.708
30.702
30.695

-6.60
-6.60
-6.61
-6.61
-6.61

30.688
30.682
30.675
30.669
30.662

-6.61
-6.61
-6,62
-6,62
-6,62

30.655
30.649
30.642
30.635
30.629

-6,63
-6.63
-6.63
-6.63
-6.64

30.622

-6.64

T E

1020 33107.2

1021 33137,8

1022 33168.4

1023 33199.0

1024 33229.6

1025 33260.2

1026 33290.8

1027 33321.4

1028 33352.0

1029 33382.5

1030 33413.1

1031 33443.6

1032 33474.2

1033 33504.7

1034 33535.3

1035 33565.8

1036 33596.3

1037 33626.8

1038 33657.3

1039 33687.8

1040 33718.3

1041 33748.8

1042 33779.3

1043 33809.7

1044 33840.2

1045 33870.7

1046 33901.1

1047 33931.6

1048 33962.0

1049 33992.4

1050 34022.9

1051 34053.3

1052 34083.7

1053 34114.1

1054 34144.5

1055 34174.9

1056 34205.3

1057 34235.6

1058 34266.0

1059 34296.4

1060 34326.7

1061 34357.1

1062 34387.4

1063 34417.7

1064 34448.1

1065 34478.4

1066 34508.7

1067 34539.0

1068 34569.3

1069 34599.6

1070 34629.9

1071 34660.2

1072 34690.4

1073 34720.7

1074 34751.0

1075 34781.2

1076 34811.5

1077 34841.7

1078 34871.9

1079 34902.1

1080 34932.4

s

dS/dT
nV/»C*

30.622
30.615
30.609
30.602
30.596

-6.64
-6.65
-6.65
-6.65
-6.66

30.589
30.582
30.576
30.569
30.562

-6.66
-6.67
-6.67
-6.68
-6.68

30.555
30. 549
30.542
30.535
30.529

-6.69
-6.69
-6.70
-6.70
-6.71

30.522
30.515
30.509
30.502
30.495

-6.71
-6.72
-6.73
-6.73
-6.74

30.488
30.482
30.475
30.468
30.461

-6.75
-6.75
-6.76
-6.77
-6.77

30.456
30.448
30.441
30.434
30.427

-6.78
-6.79
-6.80
-6.81
-6.81

30.421
30.414
30.407
30.400
30.393

-6.82
-6.83
-6.84
-6.85
-6.86

30.386
30. 379
30.373
30.366
30.359

-6.87
-6.88
-6.89
-6.90
-6.90

30.352
30. 346
30.338
30.331
30.324

-6.92
-6 .93
-6.94
-6.95
-6.96

30.317
30.310
30.303
30.296
30.289

-6.97
-6.98
-6.99
-7.00
-7.01

30.282
30.275
30.268
30.261
30.254

-7.03
-7.04
-7.05
-7.06
-7.08

30.247
30.240
30.233
30.226
30.218

-7.09
-7.10
-7.12
-7.13
-7.14

30.211

-7.16

162

Table 7.4.2. Type KP (or EP) thermoelements versus platinum, Pt— 67 — thermoelectric voltages.
E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients,
dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

•c

/iV

1080

34932.4

1081

34962.6

1082

34992 • 8

1083

35023.0

1084

35053.1

1085

35083.3

1086

35113.5

1 087

35143.7

1088

35173.8

1089

35204.0

1090

35234. 1

1091

35264.2

3 52 9^- • 4

1093

35324.5

1094

35354.6

1095

35384.7

1096

35414.8

1 U 7 (

3 5444, 9

1098

35475.0

1099

35505. 1

1100

35535.1

1101

35565.2

1102

35595,2

1103

35625.3

1104

35655.3

1105

35685.4

1106

35715.4

1107

35745 .4

1108

35775.4

1109

35805.4

1110

35835.4

1111

35865.4

1112

35895 .4

1113

35925.3

1114

35955.3

1115

35985.3

1116

36015.2

1117

36045 . 1

1118

36075.1

1119

36105.0

1120

36134.9

1121

36164.8

1 L d ^

361 94 . 7

1123

36224.6

1124

36254.5

1125

36284.4

1126

36314.2

1 i. Z /

.5 D J # i

1128

36373.9

1129

36403.8

1130

36433.6

1131

36463.5

1132

36493 . 3

1133

36523.1

1134

36552.9

1135

36582.7

1136

36612.5

1137

36642.2

1138

36672.0

1139

36701.8

1140

36731.5

s

dS/dT

nV/'C^

30.211

-7.16

30.204

-7.17

30.1 97

*-7 . 1 Q

30. 190

-7.20

30.182

-7.22

30.175

-7.23

30.168

-7.25

30 • 1 6 1

30.154

-7.28

30. 146

-7.29

30.139

-7.31

30. 132

-7.33

30. 117

-7.36

30.110

-7.38

30.102

-7.39

30.095

-7.41

"XCi n ft 7

30.080

-7.45

30.072

-7.46

30.065

-7.48

30.057

-7.50

30.050

— 7 R ?

30.042

-7.54

30.035

-7.56

30.027

-7.58

30.020

-7.60

30.012

-7.62

30.004

-7,64

29.997

-7.66

29.989

-7.68

29.981

-7.70

— 7 79

29.966

-7.74

29.958

-7.76

29.951

-7.79

29.943

-7.81

29.935

— 7.83

29.927

-7.85

29.919

-7.87

29.911

-7.90

29.903

-7.92

O £J Q c;
Z V • o V D

" 7 • 94

29.888

-7.97

29.880

-7.99

29.872

-8,02

29.864

-8,04

29.855

— 0,07

29.847

-8,09

29.839

-8.12

29.831

-8. 14

29.823

-8. 17

TO QIC;

— ft 1 Q

29.807

-8.22

29.798

-8.25

29.790

-8.27

29.782

-8.30

29.774

-8,33

29.765

-8,35

29.757

-8.38

29.748

-8.41

T E
"C /iV

1140 36731.5

1141 36761.3

1142 36791.0

1143 36820.7

1144 36850.5

1145 36880.2

1146 36909,9

1147 36939.6

1148 36969.2

1149 36998.9

1150 37028,6

1151 37058.2

1152 37087.9

1153 37117.5

1154 37147.2

1155 37176.8

1156 37206,4

1157 37236.0

1158 37265.6

1159 37295.2

1160 37324.8

1161 37354.3

1162 37383.9

1163 37413.5

1164 37443,0

1165 37472,5

1166 37502,1

1167 37531.6

1168 37561.1

1169 37590.6

1170 37620.1

1171 37649.5

1172 37679.0

1173 37708.5

1174 37737.9

1175 37767.3

1176 37796.8

1177 37826.2

1178 37855.6

1179 37885.0

1180 37914.4

1181 37943.8

1182 37973.2

1183 38002.5

1184 38031.9

1185 38061.2

1186 38090.5

1187 38119.9

1188 38149.2

1189 38178,5

1190 38207,8

1191 38237,1

1192 38266,3

1193 38295,6

1194 38324.8

1195 38354.1

1196 38383.3

1197 38412.5

1198 38441.7

1199 38470.9

1200 38500.1

s

dS/dT

fj.WC

nWC^

29.748

-8.41

29,740

-8.44

29 732

—8.47

29,723

-8.50

29,715

-8.53

29,706

-8.55

29,697

-8.58

7Q A P O
7 » o O 7

— ft A 1

29,680

-8.64

29.672

-8.68

29.663

-8.71

29.654

-8.74

— ft 7 7
~0 mil

29.637

-8.80

29.628

-8.83

29.619

-8,86

29.610

-8,90

? o Ann

ft Q"^

29.592

-8.96

29.583

-9.00

29.674

-9.03

29.565

-9.06

29. 556

— 9 • 1 0

29.547

-9,13

29.538

-9,17

29.529

-9,20

29.519

-9.24

^ 7 • 3 1 U

— 0 9 7

29.501

-9.31

29.492

-9.35

29.482

-9.38

29.473

-9.42

29 • 4 6 3

— 9 • 46

29.454

-9.49

29.444

-9.53

29,435

-9.57

29.425

-9.61

29 • 4 1 6

— 7 .05

29.406

-9.69

29.396

-9.72

29.386

-9.76

29.377

-9.80

9 Q -a A 7

Q P /■

~y • OH

29.357

-9.89

29.347

-9.93

29.337

-9.97

29.327

-10.01

29. 317

—10.05

29.307

-10.09

29.297

-10.13

29.287

-10.18

29.277

-10.22

29 • 266

—10,26

29.256

-10.31

29.246

-10.35

29.235

-10.40

29.225

-10.44

29.214

-10.49

29.204

-10.53

29.193

-10.58

29.183

-10.62

T

E

"C

A*V

1200

38500. 1

1201

38529. 3

1202

38568 . 5

1203

38587,6

1204

38616,8

1205

38646,9

1206

38675.0

1 7 n 7

■^070 6. . 1

^ O f U H- . JL

1208

38733.2

1209

38762.3

1210

38791.4

1211

38820.5

1212

38849 . 5

1213

38878.6

1214

38907.6

1215

38936.6

1216

38965.7

1 ? 1 7
1 ^ X f

3 8994 . 7

1218

39023.6

1219

39052.6

1220

39081.6

1221

39110.5

122 2

39139.5

1223

39168.4

1224

39197.3

1225

39226.2

1226

39255.1

1227

392 84 . 0

1228

39312.9

1229

39341.8

1230

39370.6

1231

39399.4

1 9"^ 9

39428 • 3

1233

39457. 1

1234

39485.9

1235

39514.7

1236

39543.4

1 9 7
1 A _) f

39672 . 2

1238

39600.9

1239

39629.7

1240

39668.4

1241

39687.1

1 ?Zi.9

X A H-^

39715.8

1243

39744.5

1244

39773.2

1245

39801.8

1246

39830,5

i A *+ /

Oft (^Q _ 1

1248

39887.7

1249

39916.3

1250

39944.9

1251

39973.6

1252

40002.1

1253

40030.6

1254

40059.2

1255

40087.7

1256

40116,2

1257

40144.7

1258

40173,2

1259

40201,7

1260 40230.1

S dS/dT

29,183 -10.62

29.172 -10.67

29.161 -10.72

29.151 -10.76

29,140 -10.81

29.129 -10.86

29.118 -10,91

29,107 -10.95

29.096 -11.00

29.085 -11,05

29,074 -11,10

29,063 -11,15

29,052 -11,20

29,041 -11.25

29.029 -11.30

29.018 -11.35

29.007 -11.40

28.995 -11.46

28.984 -11.61

28.972 -11.66

28.961 -11.61

28.949 -11.67

28.937 -11.72

28.926 -11.77

28.914 -11.83

28.902 -11.88

28.890 -11.94

28,878 -11,99

28,866 -12.05

28.864 -12.11

28.842 -12.16

28.830 -12.22

28.817 -12.28

28.805 -12.33

28,793 -12,39

28,780 -12,45

28,768 -12,51

28,756 -12.67

28.743 -12,63

28,730 -12,69

28.717 -12.75

28.704 -12.81

28.692 -12.87

28,679 -12.93

28.666 -12.99

28,653 -13,05

28,640 -13,12

28.627 -13,18

28,613 -13.24

28.600 -13.31

28.587 -13.37

28.573 -13.43

28.560 -13.50

28.546 -13.56

28.533 -13.63

28.519 -13.70

28.505 -13.76

28.492 -13.83

28.478 -13.90

28.464 -13.96

28.460 -14.03

163

Table 7.4.2. Type KP (or EP) thermoelements versus platinum, Pt— 67 — thermoelectric voltages.
E(T), Seeheck coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients.
dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

"C

1260

40230. 1

1261

40258.6

1262

40287.0

1263

40315.4

1264

40343 . 8

1265

40372 .2

1266

40400.6

1267

40428.9

1268

40457.3

1269

40485.6

1270

40513.9

1271

40542.2

1272

40570. 5

1273

40598.8

1274

40627.0

1275

40655,2

1276

40683.5

1277

40711.7

1278

40739.9

1279

40768 , 1

1280

40 796.2

1281

40824.4

1282

40352.5

1283

40880 .6

1284

40908 . 7

1285

40936.8

1286

40964.9

1287

40992.9

1288

41021.0

1289

41049.0

1290

41077.0

1291

41105.0

1292

41132.9

1293

41160.9

1294

41188.8

1295

41216.8

1296

41244.7

1297

41272.5

1298

41300.4

1299

41328.3

1300

41356. 1

S dS/dT

28.450 -14.03

28.436 -14.10

28.422 -14.17

28.407 -14.24

28.393 -14.31

28.379 -14.38

28.364 -14.45

28.350 -14.52

28.335 -14.59

28.321 -14.66

28.306 -14.73

28.291 -14.81

28.276 -14.88

28.261 -14.95

28.246 -15.02

28.231 -15.10

28.216 -15.17

28.201 -15.25

28.186 -15.32

28.170 -15.40

28.155 -15.48

28.139 -15.55

28.124 -15.63

28.108 -15.71

28.092 -15.78

28.077 -15.86

28.061 -15.94

28.045 -16.02

28.029 -16.10

28.013 -16.18

27.996 -16.26

27.980 -16.34

27.964 -16.42

27.947 -16.50

27.931 -16.59

27.914 -16.67

27.897 -16.75

27.880 -16.84

27.864 -16.92

27.847 -17.00

27.830 -17.09

T

E

"C

1300

41356. 1

1301

41383.9

1302

41411.7

1303

41439.5

1304

41467.3

1305

41495.0

1306

41522.8

1307

41550.5

1308

41578.2

1309

41605.9

1310

41633. 5

1311

41661.2

1312

41688.8

1313

41716.4

1314

41744. 0

1315

41771 .6

1316

41799. 1

1317

41826. 7

1318

41854. 2

1319

41881.7

1320

41909.2

1321

41936.6

1322

41964. 1

1323

41991 . 5

1324

42018.9

1325

42046.3

1326

42073.6

1327

42101.0

1328

42128.3

1329

42155.6

1330

42182.9

1331

42210.2

1332

42237.4

1333

42264.7

1334

42291.9

1335

42319,0

1336

42346.2

1337

42373.4

1338

42400.5

1339

42427.6

1340 42454.7

S dS /dT

fiV/'C nV/'C^

27.830 -17.09

27.812 -17.17

27,795 -17.26

21. lis. -11.33

27,761 -17.43

27.743 -17.52

27.726 -17.61

27.708 -17.70

27.690 -17.78

27.672 -17.87

27.654 -17.96

27.636 -18.05

27.618 -18.14

27.600 -18.23

27.582 -18.33

27.563 -18.42

27.545 -18.51

27.526 -18.60

27.508 -18.69

27.489 -18.79

27.470 -18.88

27.451 -18.98

27.432 -19.07

27.413 -19.17

27.394 -19.26

27.375 -19.36

27.355 -19.46

27.336 -19.55

27.316 -19.65

27.296 -19.75

27.277 -19.85

27,257 -19,95

27,237 -20.05

27.217 -20.15

27.196 -20.25

27.176 -20.35

27.156 -20.45

27.135 -20.55

27.115 -20.66

27.094 -20.76

27.073 -20.86

T E

1340 42454.7

1341 42481.7

1342 42508.8

1343 42535.8

1344 42562.8

1345 42589.8

1346 42616.7

1347 42643.7

1348 42670.6

1349 42697.5

1350 42724.3

1351 42751.2

1352 42778.0

1353 42804.8

1354 42831.6

1355 42858.4

1356 42885.1

1357 42911.8

1358 42938.5

1359 42965.2

1360 42991.8

1361 43018.4

1362 43045.0

1363 43071.6

1364 43098.2

1365 43124.7

1366 43151.2

1367 43177.7

1368 43204.1

1369 43230.6

1370 43257.0

1371 43283.4

1372 43309.7

S dS/dT

27.073 -20.86

27.052 -20.97

27.031 -21.07

27.010 -21.18

26.989 -21.28

26.967 -21.39

26.946 -21,50

26.924 -21.60

26.903 -21.71

26.881 -21.82

26.859 -21.93

26.837 -22.04

26.815 -22.15

26.793 -22.26

26.771 -22.37

26.748 -22.48

26.726 -22.59

26.703 -22.70

26.680 -22.82

26.657 -22.93

26.634 -23.04

26.611 -23.16

26.588 -23.27

26.565 -23.39

26.541 -23.51

26.518 -23.62

26.494 -23.74

26.470 -23.86

26.446 -23.98

26.422 -24.09

26.398 -24.21

26.374 -24.33

26.349 -24.45

164

Table 7.4.3. Thermoelectric values at the fixed points for Type KP
(or EP) thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67

Tem p.

E

S

dS/clT

riYPfi nnint

J. lAC^U IJyjlllL

°C

uV

mV/°C

nV/°C2

Helium NRP

— 268 9S5

— 3556

.88

0

847

0 .03

xj. yui uticii X X

— 259.340

— 3548

49

0

917

10.59

KvHrnfypn NRP

— 252 . 870

— 3542

32

0

994

13.83

Npnn TP

I'i CUH X XT

— 248.595

— 3537

93

1

.062

18.56

IVpnn NRP

— 246 048

— 3535

16

1

.114

22.65

W A y liCIl X X

— 218.789

— 3487

84

2

722

99.92

Nitrnfrpn TP

— 210.002

— 3459

76

3

701

121 .77

NitrniTpn NRP

— 195 802

— 3394

09

5

.597

142.26

OifvtTpn NRP

— 182.962

— 3310

29

7

465

146.76

1 arnnn llmvirip
Vjcti UUlI L' iUAlUC kJX

— 78.476

— 1817

20

20

060

90.50

A/fAroiirv PP
ItXCJ V XX

— 38 862

— 956

08

23

295

71 .96

X l^C LFU 11 1 L

0.000

0

00

25

836

52 .24

Fthpr TP

XjtllCl XX

26.870

712

4

27

168

46.97

Water RP

100 000

2812

8

30

117

34.00

Rpn^r^ip Tr

XJCilZUl^ XX

122 370

3494

7

30

837

30 .44

Tnrltiim PP

X li (J 1 U 111 X X

156 634

4568

2

31

791

25 .32

Tin FP

231 9681

7025

3

33

319

15.56

Rismiith FP

271 .442

8351

5

33

845

11 .22

1 anTTiiiitTl rP

uLllll 1 LXlli L 1.

321.108

10044

3

34

282

6.49

Lead FP

327.502

10263

6

34

322

5.94

IVfprriirv RP

356.660

11266

5

34

460

3 .58

Zinc FP

419 580

13438

8

o4

— 0.65

Sulnhur RP

444 674

14305

4

34

512

— 2 .03

Cu-Al FP

548 23

17860

1

34

072

— 6.04

Antimony FP

630.74

20648

7

33

501

-7.59

Aluminum FP

660.37

21638

0

33

272

-7.86

Silver FP

961.93

31317

8

31

006

-6.64

Gold FP

1064 . 43

34461

1

30

321

-6.96

Copper FP

1084.5

35068

2

30

179

-7.22

*Junction point of dififerent functions.

Table 7.4.4. Estimated maximum errors that occur when using reduced-bit arithmetic for the power series
expansion for the thermoelectric voltage for Type KP {or EP) thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67

Temperature range

Degree

Estimated

maximum error

in microvolts

12 Bit

16 Bit

24 Bit

27 Bit

36 Bit

-270 to -200 °C

12

(*)

500

2

0.1

<0.01

-200 to 0°C

12

400

50

0.2

<0.01

<0.01

0 to 200 °C

6

2

0.07

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

200 to 400 °C

6

3

0.08

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

400 to 600 °C

6

4

0.08

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

600 to 800 °C

6

6

0.2

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

800 to 1000 °C

6

9

0.5

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

1000 to 1200 °C

6

11

0.9

0.01

<0.01

<0.01

1200 to 1372 °C

6

13

1

0.02

<0.01

<0.01

*A high-order polynomial with a low-bit machine causes extreme error.

165

7.5. Reference Functions and Tables for Plat-
inum, Pt— 67, Versus the Negative Ther-
moelement, Type KN, a A'icfeei-Aluminum
Alloy

The coefficients for the twelfth degree expansion for
the thermoelectric voltage of Pt-67 versus Type KN
thermoelements below 0 °C are given in table 7.5.1.
The coefficients for the eighth degree expansion plus
an exponential term for use above 0 °C are also given
in table 7.5.1. The errors caused by using reduced
bit arithmetic for calculating values of the functions
are given in table 7.5.4.

The primary reference values for Pt-67 versus Type
KN thermoelements are given in table 7.5.2. Values
at selected fixed points are given in table 7.5.3. Graphs
of the thermoelectric voltage, its first derivative (See-
beck coefficient), and second derivative are given in
figures 7.5.1, 7.5.2, and 7.5.3, respectively.

It should be stressed that Type KN thermoele-
ment material that conforms closely to the high
temperature tabular values may not necessarily
conform closely at low temperatures (below
0 °C) and vice versa. If type KN thermoelements
are to be used for accurate measurements both above
and below 0 °C, then the material must be calibrated
in the full temperature range, both above and below
0 °C. Special selection of material will often be
required.

-04 0 04 0.8 1.2 1.6x10'

TEMPERATURE °C

Figure 7.5.2. Seebeck coefficient for platinum, Pt-67, versus
Type KN thermoelements.

The circles indicate values at various thermometric fixed points on the
IPTS-68.

-0.4 I I I I I I I I I I :

-0.4 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6x10"

TEMPERATURE °C

Figure 7.5.1. Thermoelectric voltage for platinum, Pt-67,
versus Type KN thermoelements.

The circles indicate values at various thermometric fixed points on the
IPTS-68.

-008 1 I I I I I I I I I I 3

-04 0 04 0.8 1.2 1.6x10

TEMPERATURE °C

Figure 7.5.3. Second derivative of thermoelectric voltage for
platinum, Pt-67, versus Type KN thermoelements.

The circles indicate values at various thermometric fixed points on the
IPTS-68.

166

Table 7.5.1. Power series expansion for the thermo-
electric voltage of platinum, Pt-67, versus KN
thermoelements

Tem pera-

ture

range

Degree

Coefficients

Term

-270 to

12

1

3639723006

X

10'

T

0 °C

2

6310472300

X

10-"

f2

2

1780230928

X

lo-"

f3

1

5321974393

X

10-6

J4

4

210=^097423

X

10-'

7^6

6

7685672229

X

10-9

ye

6

8555647886

X

10-11

r

4

5113962880

X

10-13

fa

1

9240013493

X

10-"

5

1234269588

X

10-1'

7

7268515186

X

10-21

5

0290738536

X

10-24

fl 2

0 to

8+ exp.

-1

8533063273

X

101

1372 °C

1

3082634479

X

101

T

-9.4769979320 X

10-3

-4.5149050693

X

10-s

■

2

1245645455

X

10-'

J^

-3

5639856324

X

10-10

T6

3

0053784151

X

10-13

-1

2849848798

X

10-15

r

2

2239974336

X

10-20

+ 125 expj^ —

i

r-i27y

65 /

]

167

Table 7.5.2. Platinum, Pt— 67, versus Type KN thermoelements — thermoelectric voltages, E(T),
Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,

reference junctions at 0 °C

T E

°C /xV

-270 -2900.03

-269 -2900.06

-268 -2899.91

-267 -2899.58

-266 -2899.07

-265 -2898.37

-264 -2897.50

-263 -2896.43

-262 -2895.16

-261 -2893.71

S dS/dT

/iV/^C nWC^

-0.110 172.01

0.063 174.72

0.239 177.61

0.418 180.61

0.601 183.65

0.786 186.68

0.974 189.63

1.165 192.47

1.359 195.16

1.555 197.65

T E

-240 -2815.99

-239 -2810.09

-238 -2804.00

-237 -2797.74

-236 -2791.30

-235 -2784.69

-234 -2777.90

-233 -2770.95

-232 -2763.84

-231 -2756.58

S dS/dT

5.807 186.94

5.992 183.72

6.174 180.33

6.353 176.81

6.528 173.15

6.699 169.37

6.867 165.50

7.030 161.54

7.190 157.50

7.345 153.41

T E
"C

-210 -2574.87

-209 -2565.16

-208 -2555.38

-207 -2545.54

-206 -2535.64

-205 -2525.67

-204 -2515.64

-203 -2505.56

-202 -2495.43

-201 -2485.25

S dS/dT

/iV/»C ny/X.^

9.672 72.09

9.743 69.05

9.810 66.11

9.875 63.29

9.937 60.56

9.996 57.95

10.053 55.45

10.107 53.05

10.159 50.76

10.208 48,58

-260

-2892.05

-259

-2890.20

-258

-2888. 14

-257

-2885.88

-256

-2883.42

-255

-2880.75

-254

-2877.87

-253

-2874.78

-252

-2871.49

-251

-2867.98

1.754 199.93

1.955 201.97

2.158 203.74

2.362 205.24

2.568 206.45

2.775 207.37

2.983 207.98

3.191 208.29

3.399 208.29

3.607 207.99

-230

-2749. 16

-229

-2741.59

-228

-2733.87

-227

-2726.01

-226

-2718.02

-225

-2709.90

-224

-2701.64

-223

-2693.26

-222

-2684.77

-221

-2676.15

7.496 149.27

7.644 145.09

7.787 140.89

7.925 136.68

8.060 132.47

8.190 128.28

8.317 124.10

8.439 119,95

8.556 115,85

8,670 111,79

-200 -2475.02

-199 -2464.74

-198 -2454.41

-197 -2444.05

-196 -2433.64

-195 -2423.19

-194 -2412.71

-193 -2402.19

-192 -2391.64

-191 -2381.05

10.256 46.50

10.301 44.52

10.345 42.65

10.387 40.88

10.427 39.20

10.465 37.62

10.502 36.13

10.538 34.73

10.572 33,42

10,604 32,19

-250 -2864,27

-249 -2860,35

-248 -2866,23

-247 -2851,90

-246 -2847,36

3,815 207,39

4,022 206,50

4,228 205,32

4,433 203.87

4.636 202.15

-220 -2667.43

-219 -2658.59

-218 -2649.66

-217 -2640.62

-216 -2631.49

8.780 107.78

8.886 103.84

8.988 99.97

9.086 96.17

9.180 92.45

-190 -2370.43

-189 -2359.78

-188 -2349.09

-187 -2338.38

-186 -2327.65

10.636 31.04

10.667 29.97

10.696 28.98

10.724 28.06

10.752 27.20

-245 -2842.63

-244 -2837.69

-243 -2832.55

-242 -2827.22

-241 -2821.70

-240 -2815.99

4.837 200.18

5.036 197.96

5.233 195.52

5.427 192.86

5.618 189.99

5.807 186.94

-215 -2622.26

-214 -2612.95

-213 -2603.55

-212 -2594.06

-211 -2584.50

-210 -2574.87

9.271 88.82

9.358 85.28

9.441 81.84

9.521 78.49

9.598 75.24

9.672 72.09

-185 -2316.88

-184 -2306.09

-183 -2295.27

-182 -2284.43

-181 -2273.56

-180 -2262.67

10.779 26.42

10.805 25.69

10.830 25.02

10.855 24.41

10.879 23.86

10.903 23.35

168

1

Table 7.5.2. Platinum, Pi— 67, versus Type KN thermoelements — thermoelectric voltages, EfT),
Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

180

-2262,67

179

-225 1 , 76

178

-2240,82

177

-2229,86

176

-2218,88

175

-22 07,87

174

—2196,85

173

-2185,80

172

-2174,73

171

— 2 163 •65

1 "7 r\
i ' 0

168

-2130.26

167

-2119,09

166

—2 107 . 90

165

—2096 .69

164

-2085,46

163

-2074,21

162

-2062,95

161

-20 51,66

160

—2040 ,35

159

-2029,02

158

-2017,67

157

-2006.31

156

-1994.92

155

—1983.52

1 54

—1972 . 09

153

-1960.65

152

-1949. 18

1 D U

1 A O

1 H 7

148

-1903. 13

147

-1891.57

146

— 1879» 98

145

144

143

-1845.12

142

-1833.46

141

-1821.78

140

— 1 R1 n.nfi

— iOLU.UO

139

— 1798.37

138

-1786.63

137

-1774.87

136

-1763.09

135

—1751.30

134

-1739.48

133

-1727.65

132

-1715.79

131

—1703.92

130

—1692 .02

129

-1680 . 1 1

128

-1668.18

127

-1656.23

126

-1644. 25

125

-1632,26

124

-1620.25

123

-1608.22

122

-1696.17

121

-1584.10

120

-1572.01

S dS/dT

^V/X nV/'C^

10.903 23.35

10.926 22.89

10.949 22.47

10.971 22.10

10.993 21.76

11.014 21.46

11.036 21.19

11.057 20.95

11.078 20.74

11.098 20.55

11.119 20.39

11.139 20.25

11.159 20.12

11.179 20.02

11.199 19.93

11.219 19.85

11.239 19.79

11.259 19.74

11.278 19.69

11.298 19.66

11.318 19.63

11.337 19.60

11.357 19.59

11.377 19.57

11.396 19,56

11,416 19,55

11,435 19,55

11,455 19,54

11,474 19,54

11,494 19,53

11,513 19,53

11,533 19,53

11.552 19.52

11.572 19.52

11.591 19.52

11.611 19.51

11.630 19.51

11.650 19.51

11.669 19.50

11.689 19.50

11.708 19.50

11.728 19.49

11.747 19.49

11.767 19.49

11.786 19.49

11.806 19.49

11.825 19.49

11.845 19.49

11.864 19.50

11.884 19.50

11.903 19.51

11.923 19.52

11.942 19.53

11.962 19.55

11.982 19.56

12.001 19.58

12.021 19.60

12.040 19.62

12.060 19.65

12.080 19.67

12.099 19.70

T E

-120 -1572.01

-119 -1559.90

-118 -1547.77

-117 -1535.63

-116 -1523,46

-115 -1511,27

-114 -1499,06

-113 -1486.83

-112 -1474.58

-111 -1462,32

-110 -1450.03

-109 -1437,72

-108 -1425,39

-107 -1413,04

-106 -1400.68

-105 -1388,29

-104 -1375,88

-103 -1363.45

-102 -1351.00

-101 -1338.53

-100 -1326.05

-99 -1313.54

-98 -1301,01

-97 -1288.46

-96 -1275.89

-95 -1263.30

-94 -1250.69

-93 -1238.06

-92 -1225.41

-91 -1212,74

-90 -1200,05

-89 -1187,35

-88 -1174,62

-87 -1161,87

-86 -1149,10

-85 -1136,32

-84 -1123,51

-83 -1110.69

-82 -1097.85

-81 -1084.98

-80 -1072.10

-79 -1059.21

-78 -1046.29

-77 -1033.35

-76 -1020,40

-75 -1007,43

-74 -994.45

-73 -981.44

-72 -968.42

-71 -955.38

-70 -942.33

-69 -929.26

-68 -916,17

-67 -903.07

-66 -889.95

-65 -876.82

-64 -863.67

-63 -850.51

-62 -837.33

-61 -824.14

-60 -810.93

S dS/dT

12.099 19.70

12.119 19.73

12.139 19.76

12.159 19.79

12.178 19.82

12.198 19.86

12.218 19.89

12.238 19.92

12.258 19.95

12.278 19.98

12.298 20.01

12.318 20.04

12.338 20.06

12.358 20.09

12.378 20.11

12.398 20.12

12.418 20.14

12.439 20.14

12.459 20.15

12.479 20.14

12.499 20.14

12.519 20.12

12.539 20.10

12.559 20.07

12.579 20.04

12.599 19.99

12.619 19.94

12.639 19.88

12.659 19.82

12.679 19.74

12,699 19,66

12,718 19,56

12,738 19,46

12,757 19,35

12,776 19,23

12,796 19.10

12.815 18.96

12.833 18.81

12.852 18.65

12.871 18.49

12.889 18.32

12.907 18.14

12.925 17.95

12.943 17.76

12.961 17.55

12.978 17.35

12.996 17.14

13.013 16.92

13.029 16.70

13.046 16.48

13.062 16.25

13.079 16.03

13.094 15.80

13.110 15.57

13.126 15.34

13.141 15.11

13.156 14.88

13.171 14.66

13.185 14.44

13.200 14.22

13.214 14.01

T

E

T

-60

-810.93

-59

-797.71

-58

-784.47

-57

-771.23

-56

-757.96

-55

—744 .69

— 54

— 731 .40

-53

-718.10

-52

-704.79

— 5 1

—69 1 . 46

—678 .13

— 49

O O . 1 o

-48

-651.41

-47

-638.04

-46

-624.65

-45

-611.26

-44

-597.85

-43

-584.43

-42

-570.99

-4 1

-557. 55

-40

— 544 .10

-39

-530.63

-38

-517.16

-37

-503.67

-36

-490 . 1 7

-35

-476.67

-34

— 463 . 1 5

-33

-449.62

-32

-436.09

-31

-422 . 54

-30

—408 .98

— 29

— 395 . 42

-28

-381.84

-27

-368.26

-26

— 3 54 . 6 7

—25

—341.07

—24

—32 7.47

-23

-313.85

-22

-300.23

-2 1

— 286 . 6 1

-20

-272.97

-19

-2 59.34

-18

-245.70

-17

-232.05

-16

-218.40

-15

—204 .75

-14

-191.10

-13

-177.44

-12

-163.78

- 1 1

-150.13

-10

-136.47

— 9

—12 2.82

-8

-109.16

-7

-95.51

-6

-81.86

-5

-68.21

-4

-54.57

-3

-40.92

-2

-27.28

-1

-13.64

0 0.00

S dS/dT

ftWC nWC^

13.214 14.01

13.228 13.80

13.241 13.60

13.255 13.40

13.268 13.21

13.281 13.02

13.294 12.84

13.307 12.67

13.319 12,51

13,332 12.35

13,344 12,20

13.356 12.05

13.368 11.91

13.380 11.78

13.392 11.64

13.403 11.52

13.415 11.39

13.426 11.27

13.437 11.15

13.448 11.02

13,459 10,90

13,470 10.77

13,481 10.63

13,492 10,49

13.502 10.34

13.512 10.18

13.522 10.00

13.532 9.81

13.542 9.60

13.561 9.37

13.561

9.12

13.570

8.85

13.578

8.55

13.587

8.23

13.595

7.88

13.602

7.50

13.610

7.09

13.617

6.65

13.623

6.18

13.629

5 .68

13.634

5,15

13.639

4.59

13.644

4.01

13.647

3.41

13.650

2.80

13.653

2.17

13.655

1.54

13.656

0.91

13.657

0.30

13.657

-0.28

13.656

-0.83

13.655

-1.32

13.653

-1 .74

13.651

-2.06

13.649

-2.28

13.647

-2 .35

13.645

-2.25

13.643

-1 .95

13.641

-1.42

13.640

-0.60

13.640 0.53

169

Table 7.5.2. Platinum, Pt-67, versus Type KN thermoelements — thermoelectric voltages, E(T),
Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T E S dS/dT

0 0.0 13.640 -6.59

1 13.6 13.633 -6.76

2 27.3 13.626 -6.92

3 40.9 13.619 -7.09

4 54.5 13.612 -7.25

5 68.1 13.605 -7.42

6 81.7 13.597 -7.59

7 95.3 13.590 -7.77

8 108.9 13.582 -7.94

9 122.5 13.574 -8.12

10 136.0 13.565 -8.30

11 149.6 13.557 -8.48

12 163.2 13.548 -8.67

13 176.7 13.540 -8.87

14 190.2 13.531 -9.06

15 203.8 13.522 -9.27

16 217.3 13.512 -9.47

17 230.8 13.503 -9.69

18 244.3 13.493 -9.90

19 257.8 13.483 -10.13

20 271.2 13.473 -10.36

21 284.7 13.462 -10.59

22 298.2 13.451 -10.84

23 311.6 13.440 -11.09

24 325,1 13.429 -11.34

25 338.5 13.418 -11.61

26 351.9 13.406 -11.88

27 365.3 13.394 -12.16

28 378.7 13.382 -12.45

29 392.0 13.369 -12.75

30 405.4 13.356 -13.05

31 418.8 13.343 -13.36

32 432.1 13,329 -13.68

33 445,4 13,316 -14.01

34 458.7 13.301 -14.35

35 472.0 13.287 -14.70

36 485.3 13.272 -15.06

37 498.6 13.257 -15.43

38 511.8 13.241 -15.80

39 525.0 13.225 -16.19

40 538.3 13.209 -16.58

41 551.5 13.192 -16.99

42 564.7 13.175 -17.40

43 577.8 13.157 -17.82

44 591.0 13.139 -18.26

45 604.1 13.121 -18.70

46 617.2 13.102 -19.15

47 630.3 13.082 -19.61

48 643.4 13.062 -20.08

49 656.4 13.042 -20.56

50 669.5 13.021 -21.05

51 682.5 13.000 -21,54

52 695.5 12.978 -22.05

53 708.4 12.956 -22.56

54 721.4 12.933 -23.08

55 734.3 12.910 -23.61

56 747.2 12.886 -24.15

57 760.1 12.862 -24.69

58 772.9 12.837 -25,25

59 785,7 12,811 -25,80

60 798,5 12,785 -26,37

T

E

s

dS/dT

"C

nV/'C*

60

798,5

12.785

-26.37

61

811.3

12.758

-26.94

62

824.0

12.731

-27.52

63

836.8

12.703

-28.10

64

849.5

12.675

-28.69

65

862. 1

12.646

-29.29

66

874.7

12.616

-29.88

67

887,3

12.586

-30.49

68

899.9

12.555

-31.09

69

912.5

12.524

-31 .70

70

925.0

12.492

-32.31

7 \

937.4

12.459

-32.93

72

949.9

12,426

-33.54

73

962.3

12.392

-34.16

74

974.7

12.358

-34.78

75

987.0

12.323

-35.40

76

999 . 3

12.287

-36.02

77

1011.6

12.251

-36.63

78

1023.8

12,214

-37.25

79

1036.0

12,176

-37.86

80

1048,2

12.138

-38.48

81

1060,3

12 ,099

-39.08

82

1072.4

12,060

-39.69

83

10 84.4

12,020

-40.29

84

1096.4

11.979

-40.89

85

1108.4

11.938

-41 .48

86

1120,3

1 1 .896

-42,06

87

1132,2

11.854

-42,64

88

1144,0

11.811

-43.21

89

1155,8

11.767

-43.77

90

1167,5

11.723

-44.33

91

1179,2

11.679

-44,87

92

1190.9

11.634

-45,41

93

1202.5

11.588

-45,94

94

1214.1

11.542

-46.45

95

1225.6

11.495

-46.95

96

1237.0

1 1 .448

-47,45

97

1248.5

11.400

-47,93

98

1259.8

11.352

-48,39

99

1271.2

11.303

-48,85

100

1282.4

11.254

-49.29

101

1293.7

11.205

-49 .71

102

1304.9

11.155

-50.12

103

1316,0

11.105

-50.51

104

1327, 1

11.054

-50.89

105

1338,1

11.003

-51.25

106

1349 * 1

1 0. 95 1

-51.59

107

1360,0

10.900

-51.92

108

1370,9

10.848

-52.23

109

1381.7

10.795

-52.52

110

1392.5

10.743

-52.79

111

1 0 • 690

-5 3,04

112

1413.8

10.636

-53.28

113

1424.5

10.583

-53.49

114

1435.0

10.529

-53.68

115

1445.5

10.476

-53.85

116

1456.0

10.422

-54.01

117

1466.4

10.368

-54.14

118

1476.7

10.314

-54.25

119

1487.0

10.259

-54.33

120

1497.2

10.205

-54.40

T

E

s

dS/dT

"C

120

1497.2

10.205

-54.40

121

1507.4

10.150

— 54 .45

122

1517.5

10.096

-54.47

123

1527.6

10.041

-54.47

124

1537.6

9.987

-54.45

125

1547.6

9.933

-54.40

126

1 557. 5

9.878

—54,34

127

1567.3

9.824

-54.25

128

1577. 1

9.770

-54.14

129

1586.9

9.716

-54.01

130

1596.5

9.662

-53.85

131

1 6 06 • 2

9 • 60 8

— 53 68

132

1615.8

9.554

-53.48

133

1625.3

9.501

-53.26

134

1634.8

9.448

-53.02

135

1644.2

9.395

-52.76

i J5 o

1 £. R Q ^
i O -> .5 • D

_ o /i "7
— Oti .4 r

137

1662.9

9.290

-52.17

138

1672.1

9.238

-51.84

139

1681,3

9, 186

-51.49

140

1690.5

9,135

-51.13

141

1699.6

9,084

-50.74

142

1708.7

9,034

-50.33

143

1717.7

8,983

-49.91

144

1726.6

8,934

-49.46

145

1735.5

8,885

-49.00

146

1744 , 4

8,836

-48.52

147

1753,2

8,788

-48.02

148

1762.0

8,740

-47.50

149

1770.7

8,693

-46.97

150

1779.4

8,646

-46.42

151

1788.0

8 • 600

—45 . 86

152

1796.6

8.554

-45.28

153

1805.1

8.509

-44.69

154

1813.6

8.465

-44,08

155

1822.0

8.421

-43.46

156

1830.4

8.378

-42 .82

157

1838.8

8.335

-42.18

158

1847. 1

8.293

-41.52

159

1855.4

8.252

-40.85

160

1863.6

8.212

-40.17

161

1871.8

8,172

—39.48

162

1879.9

8,133

-38.78

163

1888.1

8,094

-38.07

164

1896.1

8,057

-37.35

165

1904.2

8,020

-36.63

1 OO

L7 L c. • c.

~ • vu

167

1920.1

7,948

-35.16

168

1928.1

7.913

-34.42

169

1936.0

7.879

-33,67

170

1943.8

7.846

-32.92

171

1 Q 1 7
1 ^ p i . 1

7.813

DC • 1 0

172

1959.6

7.781

-31.41

173

1967.2

7.750

-30.65

174

1975.0

7.720

-29.88

175

1982.7

7.691

-29.12

176

1990.3

7.662

-28.36

177

1998.0

7.634

-27.59

178

2005.6

7.607

-26.83

179

2013.2

7.580

-26.07

180

2020.8

7.555

-25.31

170

Table 7.5.2. Platinum, Pt— 67, versus Type KN thermoelements — thermoelectric voltages, E(T),
Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

1

p
c

op

/J.V

180

2020 8

181

2028.3

182

2035.8

183

2043.3

1 84

2 050.8

185

2058.2

186

2065.7

187

2073.1

inn

9 n n n c;
(1 u o u . p

189

2087.8

190

2095.2

191

2102.5

192

2109.8

193

21 17. 1

194

2124.4

195

2131.7

196

2138.9

197

2146.1

198

215 3.4

199

2160.6

200

2167.8

201

2175.0

202

2182.1

203

2189.3

204

2196.5

205

2203 .6

206

2210.8

207

2217,9

208

22 25.0

209

2232.1

210

22 39.3

211

2246.4

212

2253.5

213

^ \J \J % \J

214

22 67.6

215

2274.7

216

2281,8

217

2288.9

^ X o

2296,0

C i 7

2303.1

7 7 n

2310.1

221

2317.2

222

2324.3

223

23 31.4

224

23 38.4

2 2 5

2345 . 5

226

2352.6

227

2359.6

22 8

2366. 7

2 29

2373 . 8

230

2380.9

231

2387.9

232

2395.0

233

2402. 1

234

2409.2

235

2416.3

236

2423.4

237

2430.5

238

2437.5

239

2444.6

240 2451.7

S dS/dT

7.555 -25.31

7.530 -24.55

7.506 -23.79

7.482 -23.04

7.459 -22,30

7.437 -21.55

7.416 -20.82

7.396 -20,08

7,376 -19,36

7.357 -18.64

7.339 -17.93

7.321 -17.22

7.304 -16.53

7.288 -15.84

7.273 -15.16

7.258 -14,49

7.244 -13.83

7.230 -13.18

7.217 -12.53

7.205 -11.90

7.194 -11.28

7,183 -10.68

7.172 -10.08

7.162 -9.49

7.153 -8.92

7.145 -8.36

7.137 -7.81

7.129 -7.27

7.122 -6.74

7.116 -6.23

7.110 -5.73

7.104 -5.24

7.099 -4.77

7.095 -4.31
7.090 -3.86

7.087 -3.42

7.084 -3.00

7.081 -2.59
7.078 -2.20
7.076 -1.81

7.075 -1.44

7.073 -1.09

7,073 -0.74

7.072 -0,41

7,072 -0.09

7.072 0.21

7.072 0.51

7.073 0.79

7.074 1.06

7.075 1.32

7.076 1.56
7.078 1.79
7.080 2.02

7.082 2.23
7,084 2,43

7,087 2.61

7.090 2.79

7.093 2.96

7.096 3.12
7.099 3.26

7.102 3.40

1

Op

24 51.7

241

2458.8

242

2466.0

2473 . 1

2 44

2480,2

245

2487,3

246

2494.4

247

2501. 5

248

o c; n n 7

249

2 515.8

2 50

2523. 0

251

2530, 1

252

2537,2

2 53

2 544 . 4

2 54

2551.6

255

2558.7

256

2565.9

257

2573.0

2 5 8

2580.2

2 59

2587 . 4

260

2594. 6

261

2601.8

262

2609,0

263

2616. 2

264

2623 , 4

265

2630,6

266

2637,8

267

2645,0

268

2652,2

269

2659, 4

270

2666 * 7

271

2673.9

272

2681. 1

273

2688 • 4

274

2695 • 6

275

270 2 • 9

276

2710.1

277

2717.4

9 70 1 Q

c. 1 D X * y

280

2.13^ % 2

281

2746.4

282

2753.7

^ / 0 J. . u

2 84

2 768 . 3

2 85

2775 • 5

286

2782.8

287

2790. 1

7 ft n

2797 . 4

2 89

2804 . 7

290

2812.0

291

2819.3

292

2826.6

293

2834.0

2 94

2841.3

295

2848.6

296

2855.9

297

2863.2

298

2870.6

299

2877.9

300 2885.2

s

dS/dT

nv/ V./

7 in?

3.40

7. 106

3.53

7. 109

3.65

' . J. 1 _)

3.76

7 117
'•111

3.86

7 17 1

3,95

7.125

4,03

7.129

4.11

7.133

Zi 17

7 T "3 7

4.23

7 1 A 1

4.29

7.146

4.33

7.150

4,37

7.154

4 . 40

7.159

4,43

7.163

4,45

7. 168

4.47

7.172

4.47

7.177

4 . 48

7.181

4.48

7.185

4. 47

7. 190

4.46

7. 194

4.45

7 . 199

4.43

7.203

4.41

7 7 nft
I . ^ u 0

4,39

7.212

4.36

7.216

4.33

7.221

4.29

7.225

4.26

7.229

4 . 22

7.233

4.18

7.238

4.13

4.09

7.246

4.04

f . 5 U

4 • 00

7.254

3.95

7.258

3.90

7 1 A 0
1 • <i 0 <i

3.85

7 "5 A c;
/ • A 0 P

3.80

7 7 A Q

7^

7.273

3.70

7.277

3.64

7.280

3.59

7.284

3.54

7.287

3.49

7.291

3.44

7.294

3.39

7 "? 0 7

J , J M-

7 ^ m

7.304

3.24

7 , 307

3.19

7,310

3.14

7.314

3.10

7.317

3.05

7.320

3.01

7.323

2.97

7.326

2.93

7.328

2,89

7.331

2,85

7.334 2.81

T E

300 2885,2

301 2892,6

302 2899,9

303 2907.2

304 2914.6

305 2921.9

306 2929.3

307 2936.6

308 2944.0

309 2951.3

310 2958.7

311 2966.1

312 2973.4

313 2980.8

314 2988.2

315 2995.5

316 3002,9

317 3010,3

318 3017,7

319 3025,0

320 3032.4

321 3039.8

322 3047.2

323 3054.6

324 3062.0

325 3069.4

326 3076.8

327 3084.2

328 3091.6

329 3099.0

330 3106.4

331 3113.8

332 3121.2

333 3128.6

334 3136.1

335 3143.5

336 3150.9

337 3158.3

338 3165.8

339 3173.2

340 3180.6

341 3188.1

342 3195.5

343 3203.0

344 3210.4

345 3217.9

346 3225.3

347 3232.8

348 3240.2

349 3247.7

350 3255.1

351 3262.6

352 3270.1

353 3277.6

354 3285.0

355 3292.5

356 3300.0

357 3307.5

358 3315.0

359 3322.5

360 3330.0

S dS/dT

7.334

2.81

7. 337

2.78

7.340

2.74

7.342

2.71

7.345

2.68

7.348

2,65

7.350

2,63

7.353

2.60

7.356

2.58

7.358

2.56

7.361

2 . 54

7.363

2.52

7. 366

2.50

7. 368

2 .49

7.371

2.48

7.373

2 .47

7. 376

2 .46

7. 378

2.45

7.381

2.45

7.383

2.44

7. 386

2 .44

7.388

2 .44

7.390

2 .44

7.393

2.45

7.395

2.45

7.398

2 • 46

7 . 400

2 .47

7. 403

2 .48

7 . 405

2 . 49

7,408

2,50

7,410

2,52

7.413

2,53

7.415

2.55

7.418

2.57

7.420

2.59

7.423

2.61

7 . 426

2.63

7 . 428

2 . 66

7.431

2.68

7.434

2.71

7.436

2.73

7.439

2 .76

7 . A42

2.79

7 . 445

2.82

7.447

2.85

7.450

2.89

7.453

2.92

7.456

2.95

7.459

2.99

7.462

3 .02

7.465

3.06

7.468

3.10

7.471

3.14

7.475

3.17

7.478

3.21

7.481

3.25

7.484

3 .29

7.488

3.33

7.491

3.37

7.494

3.41

7.498 3,46

171

Table 7.5.2. Platinum, Pt— 67, versus Type KN thermoelements — thermoelectric voltages, E(T),
Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T
I

c

c
o

•c

360

3330.0

7,498

361

3337.5

7,501

362

3345,0

7,505

363

3352.5

7, 508

364

3360.0

7,512

365

3367.5

7,516

366

3375.0

7,519

367

3382 . 5

7,523

368

3390. 1

7,527

369

3397.6

7,531

370

3405.1

7,534

371

3412.6

7.538

3 72

3420 . 2

7.542

373

3427. 7

7.546

3 74

343 5.3

7.550

375

3442.8

7.554

376

3450.4

7.559

377

3458.0

7.563

378

3465.5

7,567

379

3473 . 1

7.571

380

3480.7

7.576

381

3488.2

7.580

382

3495 . 8

7,584

383

3503.4

7,589

384

3511.0

7. 593

385

3518.6

7,598

386

3526.2

7. 602

387

3533.8

7.607

388

3541.4

7.612

389

3549.0

7.616

390

3556.6

7.621

391

3564.3

7.626

392

3571 .9

7.630

393

3579.5

7.635

394

3587,2

7 . 640

395

3594.8

7.645

396

3602,4

7.650

3 9 7

3610,1

7.655

398

3617.8

7 . 660

399

3625.4

7 . 66 5

400

3633.1

7.670

401

3640.8

7.676

402

3648 • 4

7.681

36 56 1

7.686

4 04

3663 . 8

7 . 691

405

3671.5

7.697

406

3679.2

7.702

407

3686.9

7 . 707

40 8

3694 o 6

7.713

409

3 702.3

7.718

410

3710.1

7.724

411

3717.8

7.729

412

3725.5

7.735

413

3733.3

7.740

414

3741.0

7.746

415

3748.7

7.751

416

3756.5

7.757

417

3764.3

7.763

418

3772.0

7,768

419

3779.8

7,774

420

3787,6

7,780

dS/dT T E

nV/'C* "C /iV

3,46 420 3787,6

3.50 421 3795.4

3.54 422 3803.1

3.58 423 3810.9

3.63 424 3818.7

3.67 425 3826.5

3.71 426 3834.4

3.76 427 3842.2

3.80 428 3850.0

3.84 429 3857.8

3.89 430 3865.7

3.93 431 3873.5

3.98 432 3881,4
4,02 433 3889,2
4.06 434 3897,1

4,11 435 3904.9

4.15 436 3912.8

4.19 437 3920.7

4.24 438 3928.6
4.28 439 3936.5

4.33 440 3944.4

4.37 441 3952.3

4.41 442 3960.2
4.45 443 3968.1
4.50 444 3976.0

4.54 445 3983.9
4.58 446 3991.9
4.62 447 3999.8
4.67 448 4007.8
4.71 449 4015.7

4.75 450 4023.7

4.79 451 4031.6

4.83 452 4039.6

4.87 453 4047.6

4.91 454 4055.6

4.95 455 4063.6

4.99 456 4071.6
5.02 457 4079.6
5.06 458 4087.6
5.10 459 4095.6

5.14 460 4103.6

5.17 461 4111.7

5.21 462 4119.7

5.25 463 4127,7
5.28 464 4135,8

5,32 465 4143.8

5.35 466 4151.9

5.38 467 4160.0

5.42 468 4168.0
5.45 469 4176.1

5.48 470 4184.2

5,52 471 41,92,3

5.55 472 4200.4
5.58 473 4208.5
5.61 474 4216.6

5.64 475 4224.8
5,67 476 4232.9
5,70 477 4241.0
5.73 478 4249.2
5.75 479 4257.3

5.78 480 4265.5

c
o

HC //4T
QO/ Q 1

1

nV/ "C*

•c

7.780

5.78

480

7.786

5.81

481

7. 792

5.83

482

7.797

5 .86

483

7.803

5.89

484

7.809

5.91

485

7.815

5.93

486

7.821

5.96

487

7.827

5.98

488

7.833

6.00

489

7.839

6.03

490

7.845

6.05

491

7.851

6.07

492

7,857

6.09

493

7,863

6.11

494

7.869

6.13

495

7.875

6.15

496

7.882

6.16

497

7.888

6.18

498

7 . 894

6.20

499

7.900

6.21

500

7,906

6.23

501

7,913

6.25

502

7,919

6.26

503

7,925

6.28

504

7.931

6.29

505

7.938

6.30

506

7.944

6.32

507

7.950

6.33

508

7.957

6,34

509

7.963

6,35

510

7,969

6,36

511

7.976

6,37

512

7.982

6,38

513

7. 989

6,39

514

7,995

6,40

515

8,001

6,41

516

8 , 008

6,41

517

8,014

6,42

518

8 , 02 1

6,43

519

8.027

6,43

520

8.033

6,44

521

8.040

6 , 44

522

8,046

6,45

523

8,053

6,45

524

8.059

6.46

525

8.066

6.46

526

8 , q72

6.46

527

8,079

6.46

528

8.085

6.47

529

8.092

6.47

530

8.098

6.47

531

8. 105

6.47

532

8.111

6.47

533

8.117

6.47

534

8.124

6.46

535

8.130

6.46

536

8.137

6.46

537

8.143

6.46

538

8.150

6.45

539

8.156

6.45

540

C

s

dS /dT

,iM

4265,5

8.156

6.45

4273.6

8.163

6.45

4281 . 8

8. 169

6 .44

4290 , 0

8. 176

6 .44

4298 . 1

8. 182

6.43

4306.3

8. 188

6.43

4314.5

8.195

6.42

4322 . 7

8.201

6.41

4330 « 9

8.208

6.41

4339 . 1

8.214

6 .40

4347.3

8.220

6.39

4355.6

8.227

6.38

4363 , 8

8.233

6.37

4372,0

8 ,240

6.36

4380,3

8 ,246

6.35

4388,5

8,252

6.34

4396.8

8.259

6.33

4405 , 0

8.265

6.32

4413 • 3

8.271

6.31

442 1.6

8.278

6.30

4429,9

8.284

6.29

4438, 1

8,290

6.27

44if6,4

8.296

6 .26

4454 , 7

8,303

6.25

4463 , 0

8.309

6.23

4471,4

8.315

6.22

4479,7

8.321

6.20

4488 , 0

8.328

6.19

4496 , 3

8 . 334

6.17

4504 . 7

8. 340

6.16

4513.0

8.346

6.14

4521.4

8.352

6.13

4529 • 7

8.358

6,11

4538,1

8 . 364

6,09

4546 . 4

8.370

6,03

4554.8

8,377

6,06

4563.2

8.383

6,04

4571 , 6

8 • 389

6,02

4 580,0

8 • 395

6,00

H O O , H

8 # A 0 1

5,98

4596,8

8.407

5,96

4605.2

8.413

5,94

46 13.6

8.418

5,92

4622 . 0

8 . 424

5,90

4630 . 4

3 • 430

5.88

4638.9

8.436

5.86

4647.3

8.442

5.84

4655 . 8

8 . 448

5,82

4664 • 2

8 • 454

5,80

4672 . 7

8 . 459

5 . 78

4681.1

8.465

5,75

4689.6

8.471

5.73

4698 , 1

8.477

5.71

4706.6

8.482

5,68

4715.0

8.488

5,66

4723.5

8.494

5.64

4732.0

8.499

5.61

4740. 5

8.505

5.59

4749.0

8.510

5.56

4757.6

8.516

5.54

4766. 1

8.522

5.51

172

Table 7.5.2. Platinum, Pt— 67, versus Type KN thermoelements — thermoelectric voltages, E(T),
Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of tlie Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

-c

540

4766 • 1

541

47 74 , 6

542

4783.1

543

4791.7

5

4800.2

545

4 o 0 8 . 7

546

4817.3

547

4825.9

548

4834.4

549

4 8 43 • 0

5 50

4851.6

5 51

4 860.1

552

4868.7

553

4877.3

5 54

Zi fl ci c, o

4894.5

R R A

H 7 U J . i

557

4911.7

558

4920.3

5 5 9

4928.9

560

Zi Q "7 A

561

4946.2

562

4954.8

563

4963.5

564

*+ 7 1 . i

R A ^

4 980 8

566

4 989.4

567

4998.1

568

5006.7

569

5 015.4

570

5 024.1

5 71

5032.8

572

5041.4

573

5050.1

5 74

5 0 58.8

575

5 067.5

576

50 76.2

577

5084.9

578

5093.6

5 79

5102.3

5 8 0

5111.0

5 81

5119.8

582

5128.5

583

5137.2

584

5146.0

585

5154.7

586

5163.4

587

5172.2

588

5180.9

5 89

5189.7

590

5198.4

5 91

5 207.2

RQ 9

-J ^ 1 D . u

593

5224.7

594

5233.5

595

5242.3

596

5251.1

597

5259.9

598

5268.7

599

5277.4

600 5286.2

S dS/dT

/iV/'C nV/°C^

8.522 5.51

8.527 5.49

8.533 5.46

8.538 5.43

8.543 5.41

8.549 5.38

8.554 5.35

8.559 5.33

8.565 5.30

8.570 5.27

8.575 5.24

8.581 5.21

8.586 5.19

8.591 5.16

8.596 5.13

8.601 5.10

8.606 5.07

8.611 5.04

8.616 5.01

8.621 4.98

8.626 4.95

8.631 4.92

8.636 4.89

8.641 4.86

3.646 4.83

8.651 4.80

8.655 4,77

8.660 4.73

8.665 4.70

8.670 4.67

8.674 4.64

8.679 4.61

8.684 4.57

8.688 4.54

8.693 4.51

8.697 4.48

8.702 4.44

8.706 4.41

8.710 4.38

8.715 4,34

8.719 4,31

8.723 4.28

8.728 4.24

8.732 4.21

8.736 4.17

8.740 4.14

8.744 4.11

8.748 4,07

8,752 4,04

8,756 4,00

8.760 3.97

8.764 3.93

8.768 3.90

8.772 3.86

8.776 3.83

8.780 3.79

8.784 3.76

8.787 3.72

8.791 3.68

8,795 3,65

8,798 3,61

T

E

•c

600

5286 • 2

601

5295.0

602

5303.8

603

5312.7

604

53 21*5

ou D

5330.3

606

5339. 1

607

5347,9

608

5356.7

609

5365 . 6

610

5374 . 4

611

5383 . 2

612

5392. 1

613

5400.9

O 1

615

5418.6

D 1 O

617

5436.3

618

5445.2

619

5454 . 0

A 9 n
o ^ u

9 H O t . 7

AO!

c;/i "7 1 7
/ i . *

622

5480.6

623

5489.5

O ^ f

5498 4

c c n 7 ?

626

5516.1

627

5525.0

628

5533.9

629

5542 • 8

6 30

5551.7

631

5560 • 5

632

5569.4

633

5578.3

634

5 5 87.2

635

5596. 1

636

560 5.0

637

5613.9

638

5622.9

639

5631 . 8

640

5640 . 7

64 1

5649 . 6

642

5658.5

643

5667.4

644

5676 « 3

645

5685.3

646

5694 . 2

647

5703.1

648

5712.0

649

5721 . 0

650

5 72 9.9

651

5738.8

A 9

c 7A7 Q

653

5756.7

654

5765.7

655

5774,6

656

5783,5

657

5792.5

658

5801.4

659

5810.4

660 5819,3

S dS/dT

8,798 3.61

8.802 3.58

8.805 3.54

8.809 3.50

8.813 3.47

8.816 3.43

8.819 3.40

8.823 3.36

8.826 3.32

8.829 3.29

8.833 3.25

8.836 3.21

8,839 3.18

8.842 3.14

8.845 3.10

8.848 3.07

8.851 3.03

8.854 2.99

8.857 2.95

8.860 2.92

8.863 2.88

8.866 2.84

8.869 2.81

8.872 2.77

8.875 2.73

8.877 2.69

8,880 2,66

8.883 2.62

8.885 2.58

8.888 2.55

8.890 2.51

8.893 2.47

8.895 2.43

8.898 2.40

8.900 2.36

8.902 2.32

8.905 2.28

8.907 2.25

8.909 2.21

8.911 2.17

8.913 2.14

8.916 2.10

8.918 2.06

8.920 2.02

8.922 1.99

8.924 1.95

8.926 1.91

8.927 1.88
8.929 1,84
8,931 1.80

8.933 1.76

8.935 1.73

8.936 1.69
8.938 1.65

8.940 1.62

8.941 1.58

8.943 1.54

8.944 1.51

8.946 1,47

8.947 1,43

8,949 1.40

T E

660 5819.3

661 5828.3

662 5837.2

663 5846.2

664 5855.1

665 5864.1

666 5873.0

667 5882.0

668 5891.0

669 5899.9

670 5908.9

671 5917.8

672 5926.8

673 5935.8

674 5944.7

675 5953.7

676 5962.7

677 5971.6

678 5980.6

679 5989.6

680 5998.5

681 6007.5

682 6016.5

683 6025.4

684 6034.4

685 6043.4

686 6052.4

687 6061.3

688 6070.3

689 6079,3

690 6088,3

691 6097,2

692 6106.2

693 6115.2

694 6124.2

695 6133.1

696 6142.1

697 6151,1

698 6160,1

699 6169,0

700 6178,0

701 6187.0

702 6196.0

703 6204.9

704 6213.9

705 6222.9

706 6231.9

707 6240.8

708 6249.8

709 6258.8

710 6267.8

711 6276.7

712 6285.7

713 6294.7

714 6303.7

715 6312.6

716 6321.6

717 6330.6

718 6339.6

719 6348.5

720 6357,5

s

dS/dT

/iV/'C

nV/"C^

8 , 949

1 , 40

8, 950

1.36

8,951

1.32

8.953

1.29

8 . 954

1.25

8.955

1.22

8.956

1.18

8.958

1.14

8.959

1.11

8.960

1.07

8.961

1.04

8.962

1.00

8.963

0.96

8.964

0.93

8.965

0*89

fl O A A

A Q A

8 . 966

0.82

8.967

0.79

8,968

0.75

8.969

8 . 970

0 . 68

8 . 970

0.65

8.971

0.61

8.971

0.58

ft CJ 7 ?
O . 7 / ^

U . J*^

8 . 972

0.51

8.973

0.47

8,973

0.44

8,974

0.41

8, 974

0.37

8.975

0 . 34

8.975

0.30

8.975

0.27

8.975

0.24

8 . 976

0.20

8.976

0 . 17

8 . 976

0,14

8.976

0,10

8,976

0.07

8 . 976

0.04

8 . 976

0.01

8 . 976

-0.0 3

8.976

-0.06

8.976

-0.09

8.976

—0.12

8.976

—0 . 16

8.976

-0.19

8.976

-0.22

8.975

-0.25

8.975

-0.28

8 . 975

—0 .32

*8 . 974

-0 .35

8.974

_ A ft

U.JO

8.974

-0.41

8.973

-0.44

8.973

-0.47

8,972

-0.50

8,972

-0.53

8,971

-0.56

8,971

-0.59

8.970 -0.62

173

Table 7.5.2. Platinum, Pt— 67, versus Type KN thermoelements — thermoelectric voltages, E(T),
Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

b

s

AC 1

or*
C

. \i /Of*

fiM/ \j

nv/ A<

720

63 5 7 » 5

8.970

-0.62

721

6366.5

8.969

-0.65

722

6375.4

8.969

-0.68

723

63 84,4

8.968

-0 .71

724

6393.4

8.967

—0 . 74

72 5

6402 . 3

8 . 967

-0.77

726

6411.3

8.966

-0.80

727

6420.3

8.965

-0.83

728

6429.2

8.964

—0 .86

7 2 9

6438.2

8.963

—0.89

7 3 0

A A /i 7 9

— 0.91

731

6456.1

8.961

-0.94

732

6465.1

8.960

-0.97

73 3

6474 0

O , V -3 7

— J. . u u

7 3 A

A /i fl "3 n
O M- O J . u

o , y _> 0

*" 1 • 0 3

7 3 5

6492 0

3,957

— 1 OR
-1. . U J

736

6500.9

8.956

-1.08

737

6509.9

8.955

-1.11

73 8

6 518.8

8.954

— 1.14

73 9

6 5 2 7.8

8 95 3

— 1 1 A

740

6 5 36.7

8,952

— 1.19

741

6545.7

8.951

-1.22

742

6554,6

8.949

-1.24

6 5 63.6

8^943

— 1 7 7

— i . ^ 1

744

A c, "7 9

8.947

— i . J 0

A Q 1 c;
O D O J. , P

8 . 946

— 1 • 32

746

6590.4

8.944

-1.35

747

6599.4

8.943

-1.38

748

D D U o . J

fl OA 1
O . V+ 1

— 1.40

749

6617.2

8.940

— 1.43

75 0

6626.2

8.939

-1.45

751

6635. 1

8.937

-1.48

752

6644.1

8.936

-1.50

"7 c; o

66 53.0

-1.53

754

6661 .9

8.933

-1.55

75 5

66 70.9

8.931

-1.58

756

6679.8

8.929

-1.60

757

6688.7

8.928

-1.62

758

6697,6

8.926

-1.65

759

6706.6

8.925

-1.67

760

6715.5

8.923

-1.70

761

6724.4

8.921

-1.72

762

6733.3

8.919

-1.74

763

6742.3

8.918

-1.77

764

6751 . 2

8.916

-1 .79

765

6760 . 1

8.914

-1.81

766

6769.0

8.912

-1.83

767

6777.9

8.910

-1.86

768

6786.8

8 * 909

-1.88

769

6795 . 7

8 . 907

-1.90

7 "7 n

6804.6

8.905

-1.92

771

6813.5

8.903

-1.94

772

6822.4

8.901

-1.97

7 73

6831 .3

A Q QQ

— 1.99

774

6840.2

8.897

-2.01

775

6849.1

8.895

-2.03

776

6858.0

8.893

-2.05

777

6866.9

8.891

-2.07

778

6875.8

8.889

-2.09

779

6884.7

8.887

-2.11

780

6893.6

8.884

-2.13

I

b

s

dS/dT

..\/

/iV/ U

nv/ V/

780

6893.6

8.884

— 2.13

781

6902.5

8.882

-2.15

782

6911,3

8.880

-2.17

78 3

6920 • 2

8.878

-2.19

7 84

6929 . 1

8.876

-2.21

785

6938. 0

8 . 874

-2.23

786

6946.8

8.871

-2.25

787

6955.7

8.869

-2.27

7 Q Q
f O O

6964 . 6

8 . 867

-2.29

7 Q O

6973 . 5

8 . 864

-2.31

7 on

8 . 862

— 2.32

791

6991.2

8.860

-2.34

792

7000.0

8.857

-2.36

70 0 8 9

ft Q c; c;

1 yf

~tr\ 17 7

8.853

795

7026 . 6

8.850

-2.41

796

7035.4

8.848

-2.43

797

7044.3

8.845

-2.45

798

70 5 3 . 1

8.843

-2 , 47

799

7062 . 0

8.840

— 2.48

8 00

7070 . 8

8.838

— 2.50

801

7079.7

8.835

-2.52

802

7088.5

8.833

-2,53

80 3

ft p "3 n

804

7 1 n A 9

8.828

ft n t;

7 1 1 c; n
1 i 1 !3 . U

8.825

_ 9 c: ft

806

7123.8

8.823

-2«60

807

7132.6

8.820

-2.61

ft n D
o (Jo

8.817

—2 .63

809

7150 . 3

8.815

— 2 • 64

810

7159. 1

8.812

_ 0 A A

811

7167.9

8.810

-2.67

812

7176.7

8.807

-2.69

813

7185.5

8 . 804

— 2 . 70

814

7194.3

8.801

-2.72

815

7203.1

8.799

— 2 . 73

816

7211.9

8.796

-2.75

817

7220.7

8.793

-2.76

818

7229. 5

8.790

-2.77

819

7238.3

8.788

-2 .79

820

7247. 1

8.785

-2.80

821

7255.8

8.782

-2.81

822

7264.6

8.779

-2.83

823

7273.4

8 . 776

-2 .84

824

7282.2

8.774

-2.85

825

7290. 9

8.771

-2.87

826

7299.7

8.768

-2.88

827

7308.5

8.765

-2.89

828

7317.2

8.762

-2.90

829

7326.0

8.759

-2.92

8 30

7334 . 8

8.756

9 o "a

— • 7 J

831

7343.5

8.753

-2.94

832

7352.3

8.750

-2.95

ft ^ "3
O 0 o

7 ■a A 1 0

ft 7 Zl 7

834

7369.8

8.744

-2.97

835

7378.5

8.741

-2.98

836

7387.2

8.738

-3.00

837

7396.0

8.735

-3.01

838

7404.7

8.732

-3.02

839

7413.5

8.729

-3.03

840

7422.2

8.726

-3.04

T

E

s

dS/dT

nV/'C*

840

7422*2

8.726

—3.04

841

7430.9

8.723

-3.05

842

7439.6

8.720

-3.06

843

7448 . 3

8.717

-3 .07

844

745 7.1

8.714

-3.08

7 46 5.8

8.711

—3 ,09

846

7474.5

8.708

-3.10

847

7483.2

8.705

-3.11

848

749 1.9

8 . 702

—3 .12

849

7500 . 6

8 . 699

-3.13

850

7509. 3

8 . 695

—3 .14

851

7518.0

8.692

-3.14

852

7526.7

8.689

-3.15

ft fi "3

O y 3

753 5*4

8.686

— 3.16

854

7 544 ♦ 0

B A ft 11

0. 17

8 55

7 552*7

8.680

— 3.18

856

7561.4

8.677

-3.19

857

7570.1

8.673

-3.20

8 58

7 5 7 8.8

8 . 670

—3 .20

859

758 7.4

8 . 667

— J * C i.

860

7 596. 1

8 . 664

861

7604.7

8.660

-3.23

862

7613.4

8.657

-3.24

ft A. "3

1 O C £. • L

8 , 654

— 3.24

ft A /■

7630.7

8,651

—3 .25

ft A
O O 3

■7 A "a Q A
1 0 J y . H

(3 A A R

0 , 0*+ 0

■a OA
— J? .to

866

7648.0

8.644

-3.26

867

7656.7

8.641

-3.27

868

7665 . 3

8.638

— 3 .28

869

7673 . 9

8. 634

-3.29

ft 7 n

7682 . 6

8.631

— 3.29

871

7691.2

8.628

-3.30

872

7699.8

8.625

-3.30

873

7708.4

8.621

-3.31

874

7717. 1

8.618

-3.32

875

7725.7

8.615

—3 .32

876

7734.3

8.611

-3.33

877

7742.9

8.608

-3.34

878

7751.5

8 . 605

-3 .34

879

7760.1

8,601

-3 ,35

880

7768 . 7

8. 598

-3 .36

881

7777.3

8.595

-3.36

882

7785.9

8.591

-3.36

883

7794. 5

8.588

-3.37

884

7803 . 1

8. 584

-3 . 37

885

78 1 1 . 7

8. 581

-3 .38

886

7820.2

8.578

-3.38

887

7828.8

8.574

-3.39

888

7837.4

8.571

-3.39

889

7846.0

8 • 568

-3 .40

Q o r>

78 54.5

0 A A
0 . yO't

891

7863.1

8.561

-3.41

892

7871.6

8.557

-3.41

893

7 ft ft n 9

* 0 0 U • A

ft Ci^/i

— T 9

— J . *f A

894

7888.7

8.550

-3.42

895

7897.3

8.547

-3.43

896

7905.8

8,544

-3.43

897

7914.4

8.540

-3.43

898

7922.9

8.537

-3.44

899

7931.5

8,533

-3.44

900

7940.0

8.530

-3.45

174

Table 7.5.2. Platinum, Pt— 67, versus Type KN thermoelements — thermoelectric voltages, E(T),
Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

•c

E

mV

s

dS/dT
nV/*C*

900

7940.0

8.530

-3.45

901

7948,5

8,526

-3.45

902

7957.0

8, 523

-3.45

903

7965.6

8.519

-3.46

904

7974.1

8.516

-3.46

905

7982 .6

8,513

-3.47

906

7991 . 1

8,509

-3,47

907

7999.6

8,506

-3.47

908

8008.1

8,502

-3.48

909

8016.6

8.499

-3.48

910

8025. 1

8.495

-3.48

911

8033.6

8.492

-3.49

912

8042.1

8.488

-3.49

913

8050.6

8.485

-3.49

914

8059. 1

B ,481

-3.49

915

8067. 5

8 ,478

-3.50

916

8076.0

8,474

-3.50

917

8084.5

8,471

-3.50

918

8093.0

8,467

-3,51

919

8101.4

8,464

-3.51

920

8109.9

8,460

-3.51

921

8118.3

8,457

-3.51

922

8126.8

8,453

-3.52

923

8135.3

8.450

-3.52

924

8143.7

8 .446

-3.52

925

8152.1

8.443

-3.53

926

8160.6

8.439

-3.53

927

8169.0

8.436

-3.53

928

8177.5

8.432

-3.53

929

8185.9

8.429

-3.54

930

8194.3

8.425

-3.54

931

8202.7

8.421

-3.54

932

8211 .2

8.418

-3.54

933

8219.6

8,414

-3.54

934

8228.0

8,411

-3.55

93 5

8236.4

8,407

-3.55

936

8244.8

8 ,404

-3.55

937

8253.2

8,400

-3,55

938

8261.6

8,397

-3,56

939

8270.0

8,393

-3,56

940

8278.4

8,389

-3,56

941

8286.8

8,386

-3.56

942

8295.2

8.382

-3.56

943

8303.5

8.379

-3.57

944

8311.9

8.375

-3.57

945

8320.3

8.372

-3.57

946

8328.7

8.368

-3.57

947

8337.0

8.365

-3.57

948

8345.4

8.361

-3.58

949

8353,7

8.357

-3.58

950

8362 , 1

8.354

-3.58

951

8370,5

8.350

-3.58

952

8378,8

8.347

-3.58

953

8387.1

8,343

-3,59

954

8395 . 5

8.339

-3,59

955

8403.8

8.336

-3.59

956

8412.2

8.332

-3.59

957

8420.5

8,329

-3.60

958

8428.8

8,325

-3.60

959

8437.1

8.321

-3.60

960

8445.5

8.318

-3.60

T

E

s

dS/dT

•c

nV/*C*

960

8445.5

8,318

-3.60

961

8453.8

8,314

-3.60

962

8462. 1

8,311

-3.61

963

8470.4

8,307

-3.61

964

8478. 7

8,303

-3.61

965

8487.0

8,300

-3.61

966

8495,3

8,296

-3.61

967

8503,6

8,293

-3,62

968

8511.9

8.289

-3.62

969

8520.2

8.285

-3.62

970

8528.5

8.282

-3 .62

971

8536.7

8.278

-3,63

972

8545,0

8.274

-3,63

973

8553,3

8.271

-3.63

974

8561,6

8.267

-3.63

975

8569,8

8 . 264

-3.63

976

8578. 1

8.260

-3.64

977

8586.3

8.256

-3,64

978

8594.6

8.253

-3,64

979

8602.8

8.249

-3,64

980

8611. 1

8,245

-3,65

981

8619.3

8.242

-3,65

982

8627.6

8.238

-3,65

983

8635,8

8.234

-3,65

984

8644.0

8.231

-3.66

985

8652.3

8.227

-3.66

986

8660.5

8.223

-3.66

987

8668.7

8,220

-3.67

988

8676.9

8,216

-3.67

989

8685.2

8,212

-3.67

990

8693.4

8,209

-3.67

991

8 701.6

8.205

-3.68

992

8709.8

8,201

-3.68

993

8718.0

8,198

-3.68

994

8726.2

8, 194

-3 .69

995

8734.4

8. 190

-3 .69

996

8742.6

8.187

-3 .69

997

8750,7

8,183

-3.69

998

8758,9

8.179

-3.70

999

8767, 1

8.176

-3.70

1000

8775,3

8, 172

-3.70

1001

8783.4

8, 168

-3.71

1002

8791.6

8. 165

-3,71

1003

8799.8

8.161

-3,72

1004

8807.9

8.157

-3,72

1005

8816. 1

8.153

-3,72

1006

8824,2

8.150

-3.73

1007

8832.4

8, 146

-3.73

1008

8840.5

8.142

-3.73

1009

8848.7

8,138

-3.74

1010

8856.8

8.135

-3,74

1011

8864.9

8.131

-3,75

1012

8873. 1

8.127

-3,75

1013

8881.2

8.123

-3,75

1014

8,120

-3,76

1015

8897.4

8,116

-3.76

1016

8905.5

8,112

-3.77

1017

8913.7

8,108

-3.77

1018

8921,8

8,105

-3.77

1019

8929,9

8,101

-3.78

1020

8938,0

8.097

-3.78

T

•c

E

s

dS/dT
nV/»C*

1020
1021
1022
1023
1024

8938.0
8946.1
8954.2
8962.2
8970.3

8,097
8,093
8, 090
8.086
8.082

-3,78
-3.79
-3.79
-3.80
-3.80

1025
1026
1027
1028
1029

8978.4
8986.5
8994.6
9002.6
9010.7

8.078
8.074
8.070
8.067
8.063

-3.81
-3.81
-3,82
-3.82
-3.83

1030
1031
1032
1033
1034

9018.7
9026.8
9034.9
9042.9
9051.0

8.059
8.055
8,061
8,047
8,044

-3.83
-3.84
-3.84
-3.85
-3.85

1035
1036
1037
1038
1039

9059.0
9067.0
9075.1
9083.1
9091. 1

8,040
8.036
8.032
8.028
8.024

-3.86
-3.86
-3.87
-3.87
-3.88

1040
1041
1042
1043
1044

9099. 1
9107,2
9115,2
9123.2
9131.2

8.020
8.017
8.013
8.009
8.005

-3.89
-3.89
-3.90
-3.90
-3.91

1045
1046
1047
1048
1049

9139.2
9147.2
9155.2
9163.2
9171.2

8,001
7.997
7.993
7.989
7.985

-3.92
-3.92
-3,93
-3,93
-3,94

1050
1051
1052
1053
1054

9179,2
9187.1
9195.1
9203.1
9211.0

7.981
7.977
7.973
7.969
7.965

-3,95
-3.95
-3.96
-3,97
-3,97

1055
1056
1057
1058
1059

9219.0
9227.0
9234,9
9242,9
9250.8

7.961
7.957
7.953
7,949
7.945

-3.98
-3.99
-3.99
-4.00
-4.01

1060
1061
1062
1063
1064

9258,8
9266.7
9274,6
9282.6
9290.5

7.941
7.937
7.933
7.929
7.925

-4.01
-4.02
-4.03
-4.04
-4.04

1065
1066
1067
1068
1069

9298.4
9306,3
9314,3
9322.2
9330.1

7.921
7,917
7,913
7,909
7,905

-4.05
-4.06
-4.06
-4.07
-4.08

1070
1071
1072
1073
1074

9338.0
9345,9
9353.8
9361.7
9369.6

7,901
7,897
7,893
7,889
7, 885

-4.09
-4.09
-4.10
-4.11
-4. 12

1075
1076
1077
1078
1079

9377.4
9385.3
9393.2
9401.1
9408,9

7,880
7,876
7,872
7.868
7.864

-4.12
-4.13
-4.14
-4.15
-4.16

1080

9416.8

7.860

-4.16

175

Table 7.5.2. Platinum, Pt— 67, versus Type KI\ thermoelements — thermoelectric voltages, E(T),
Seebeck coefficients, S(T) , and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

1

*c

1080

9416.8

1081

9424.6

1082

9432.5

1083

9440.3

1084

9448.2

1085

9456.0

1086

9463.9

1087

9471.7

1088

9479.5

1089

9487.4

1090

9495.2

1091

9503.0

1092

9510.8

1093

9518.6

1094

9526.4

1095

9534.2

1096

9542 ,0

1097

9549.8

1098

9557.6

1099

9565.4

1100

9573.1

1101

9580.9

1102

9588.7

1103

9596.4

1104

9604.2

1105

9612.0

1106

9619.7

1107

9627.5

1108

9635.2

1109

9642.9

1110

9650.7

1111

9658.4

1112

9666.1

1113

9673.8

1114

9681.6

1115

9689.3

1116

9697.0

1117

9704.7

1118

9712.4

1119

9720 . 1

1120

9727.8

1121

9735.4

1122

9743. 1

1123

9750.8

1124

9758.5

1125

9766.1

1126

9773.8

1127

9781.5

1128

9789. 1

1129

9796.8

1130

9804.4

1131

9812.0

1132

9819.7

1133

9827.3

1134

9834.9

1135

9842.5

1136

9850.2

1137

9857,8

1138

9865.4

1139

9873,0

1140

9880,6

S dS/dT

7,860 -4.16

7.856 -4,17

7.851 -4.18

7.847 -4.19

7.843 -4.20

7.839 -4.20

7.835 -4.21

7.830 -4.22

7.826 -4.23

7.822 -4.24

7.818 -4.24

7.813 -4.25

7.809 -4.26

7.805 -4.27

7.801 -4,28

7,796 -4,28

7,792 -4,29

7.788 -4.30

7.783 -4.31

7.779 -4.32

7.775 -4.33

7.771 -4.33

7.766 -4.34

7,762 -4.35

7.757 -4.36

7.753 -4.37

7.749 -4.37

7,744 -4,38

7.740 -4.39

7.736 -4.40

7.731 -4.41

7.727 -4.42

7.722 -4.42

7.718 -4.43

7.713 -4.44

7.709 -4.45

7.705 -4.45

7.700 -4.46

7.696 -4,47

7,691 -4.48

7,687 -4,49

7.682 -4.49

7.678 -4,50

7.673 -4,51

7,669 -4.52

7.664 -4.52

7.660 -4.53

7.655 -4.54

7,651 -4.54

7.646 -4.55

7.641 -4.56

7.637 -4.56

7.632 -4.57

7.628 -4.58

7.623 -4,58

7,619 -4.59

7.614 -4.60

7.609 -4.60

7,605 -4.61

7.600 -4.61

7.596 -4.62

J

C

fiW

1140

9880.6

1141

9888.2

1142

9895.8

1143

9903.3

1144

9910.9

1145

9918,5

1146

9926, 1

1147

9933,6

1148

9941.2

1149

9948.8

1150

9956.3

1151

9963,9

1152

9971,4

1153

9978,9

1154

9986.5

1155

9994,0

1156

10001,5

1157

10009.0

1158

10016,6

1159

10024. 1

1160

10031.6

1161

10039. 1

1162

10046,6

1163

10054,0

1164

10061,5

1165

10069,0

1166

10076,5

1167

10084.0

1168

10091.4

1169

10098,9

1170

10106.4

1171

10113,8

1172

10121,3

1173

10128,7

1174

10136, 1

1175

10143,6

1176

10151,0

1177

10158,4

1178

10165,8

1 179

10173,3

1180

10180.7

1181

10188, 1

1182

10195,5

1183

10202,9

1184

10210,3

1185

10217,7

1 186

10225,0

1187

10232,4

1188

10239,8

1189

10247,2

1190

10254,5

1191

10261.9

1192

10269, 2

1193

10276,6

1194

10283,9

1195

10291,3

1196

10298,6

1197

10305,9

1198

10313,3

1199

10320,6

1200 10327,9

s

dS/dT

flW/ U

nv/ t/

7,596

-4.62

7.591

-4.62

7.586

-4.63

7.582

-4.64

7.577

-4,64

7.572

-4,65

7.568

-4,65

7.563

-4,65

7.558

-4,66

7.554

-4,66

7.549

-4,67

7 . 544

-4,67

7.540

-4.67

7.535

-4,68

7.530

-4,68

7.526

-4,68

7.521

-4,69

7.516

-4,69

7.512

-4,69

7.507

-4,69

7.502

-4,70

7.498

-4,70

7.493

-4,70

7.488

-4,70

7.484

-4.70

7.479

-4.70

7.474

-4.70

7.469

-4,70

7,465

-4.70

7,460

-4,70

7,455

-4.70

7,451

-4.70

7.446

-4.70

7,441

-4.70

7.437

-4.69

7.432

-4.69

7.427

-4.69

7.422

-4.69

7.418

-4.68

7.413

-4.68

7.408

-4.67

7,404

-4.67

7,399

-4.66

7.394

-4.66

7.390

-4.65

7.385

-4.65

7.380

-4.64

7.376

-4.63

7.371

-4.63

7.367

-4.62

7.362

-4.61

7.357

-4.60

7.353

-4.59

7.348

-4.58

7.344

-4.57

7.339

-4.56

7,334

-4.56

7.330

-4.54

7.325

-4.53

7.321

-4.51

7.316

-4.50

T

»c

E

1200
1201
1202
1203
1204

10327,9
10335.2
10342.5
10349.8
10357,1

1205
1206
1207
1208
1209

10364,4
10371 , 7
10379,0
10386,3

10393,6

1210
1211
1212
1213
1214

10400.9
10408 . 1
10415.4
10422,7
10429,9

1215
1216
1217
1218
1219

10437,2
10444,4
10451,7
10458.9
10466,1

1220
1221
1222
1223
1224

10473,4
10480.6
10487.8
10495.0
10502.2

1225
1226
1227
1228
1229

10509.5
10516.7
10523.9
10531.1
10538,3

1230
1231
1232
1233
1234

10545,5
10552.6
10559.8
10567.0
10574.2

1235
1236
1237
1238
1239

10581,4
10588.5
10595.7
10602.9
10610.0

1240
1241
1242
1243
1244

10617.2
10624.3
10631.5
10638.6
10645.8

1245
1246
1247
1248
1249

10652.9
10660.0
10667.2
10674.3
10681.4

1250
1251
1252
1253
1254

10688.5
10695.7
10702.8
10709.9
10717.0

1255
1256
1257
1258
1259

10724.1
10731.2
10738,3
10745.4
10752.5

1260

10759,6

s

dS /dT

fiV/ V<

nv/ 1/

7.316

-4.50

7.312

-4.49

7.307

-4.47

7.303

-4.46

7,298

-4 .44

7,294

-4.43

7.290

-4.41

7.285

-4.39

7.281

-4.38

7.276

-4.36

7.272

-4.34

7.268

-4.32

7.263

-4.30

7.259

-4.28

7.255

-4.26

7.251

-4.23

7,246

-4.21

7,242

-4.19

7,238

-4. 16

7,234

-4.14

7,230

-4,11

7,226

-4.09

7,222

-4.06

7,218

-4.03

7.214

-4.00

7.210

-3.97

7.206

-3.94

7.202

-3.91

7. 198

-3 .88

7. 194

-3.85

7.190

-3.82

7. 186

-3.78

7,183

-3.75

7,179

-3.71

7, 175

-3.67

7,171

-3.64

7,168

-3.60

7. 164

-3 . 56

7. 161

-3 .52

7.157

-3 .48

7.154

-3.43

7,150

-3.39

7, 147

-3.35

7, 144

-3.30

7, 140

-3.25

7.137

-3.21

7. 134

-3.16

7.131

-3,11

7.128

-3.06

7.125

-3.01

7.122

-2.96

7.119

-2,90

7.116

-2,85

7.113

-2,79

7.110

-2,73

7.108

-2,68

7.105

-2,62

7.102

-2.66

7.100

-2,49

7.097

-2,43

7,095 -2,37

176

Table 7.5.2. Platinum, Pt— 67, versus Type KN thermoelements — thermoelectric voltages, E(T),
Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 — Continued

T

E

or-

1260

1 0 7 5 9 • 6

1261

1 07^1 f» - 7

J. r t> tj • (

1262

10773.8

1263

10780,9

1 1 Of

1 n 7 R fl n

126 5

10795 • 1

1 9 A A
1 A O O

10802 2

1267

10809.2

1268

10816.3

1269

1 0 8 2 3 • 4

12 70

10830 5

1 n fl 7
1 U 0 J 1 • p

1272

10844,6

1273

10851,7

1 9 7 A
i. c. 1 ^

1 n ft R « ft

1 9 7

1 n ft A R ft

1 U O O -5 » O

1 9 7 A

1 n p 7 ■> Q

1277

10880,0

1278

10887.0

1 9 "7 O

1 n Q Q /■ 1

12 80

10901 • 1

1281

T A O ri Q T

1282

10915.3

1283

10922,3

12 84

10929 » 4

12 85

10936 • 5

12 86

1 0 943 • 5

1287

10950,6

1288

10957.6

12 89

10964.7

12 90

10971.7

12 91

T n Q 7 0 o

1292

10985.9

1293

10992.9

] 2 9 4

1295

1 1007.0

1296

11014.1

1297

11021.2

1298

11028.2

1299

11035.3

1300

11042.4

S AS/61

7.095
7.093
7.090
7.088
7.086

-2.37
-2.30
-2.24
-2.17
-2.10

7.084
7.082
7.080
7.078
7.076

-2.03
-1,96
-1,88
-1,81
-1.73

7.075
7.073
7.072
7.070
7.069

-1.66
-1.58
-1.50
-1,42
-1,33

7.068
7.066
7.065
7.064
7.063

-1.25
-1.16
-1.08
-0.99
-0.90

7.062
7.062
7,061
7,060
7,060

-0.81
-0.71
-0,62
-0.52
-0.42

7,060
7,059
7,059
7.059
7.059

-0.32
-0.22
-0,12
-0,01
0.09

7.059
7.059
7.060
7.060
7.061

0.20
0.31
0.42
0.53
0.65

7.062
7.062
7.063
7.064
7.066

0,77
0.88
1.01
1.13
1.25

7.067

1.38

T E
°C

1300 11042.4

1301 11049.4

1302 11056.5

1303 11063.6

1304 11070,6

1305 11077,7

1306 11084.8

1307 11091.9

1308 11099,0

1309 11106,0

1310 11113.1

1311 11120.2

1312 11127,3

1313 11134.4

1314 11141.5

1315 11148.6

1316 11155.7

1317 11162.8

1318 11169.9

1319 11177.0

1320 11184.2

1321 11191.3

1322 11198.4

1323 11205.6

1324 11212.7

1325 11219.8

1326 11227.0

1327 11234.1

1328 11241.3

1329 11248.5

1330 11255,6

1331 11262.8

1332 11270.0

1333 11277,2

1334 11284,4

1335 11291.6

1336 11298.8

1337 11306,0

1338 11313.2

1339 11320.5

1340 11327.7

s

dS/dT
nVZ-C*

7.067
7.068
7.070
7.072
7.073

1,38
1,51
1.64
1.77
1.90

7.075
7.078
7.080
7.082
7.085

2 .04
2.18
2,32
2 ,46
2.60

7.087
7.090
7.093
7.096
7. 100

2.75
2.90
3.05
3.20
3.36

7.103
7. 107
7.110
7. 114
7.118

3.51
3.67
3.83
4.00
4.16

7.123
7.127
7. 132
7. 136
7. 141

4.33
4.50
4.68
4.85
5.03

7. 146
7. 152
7.157
7. 163
7. 169

5.21
5,39
5.58
5.77
5.96

7.175
7.181
7. 187
7. 194
7.201

6.15
6.34
6.54
6.74

A OR

7.208
7.215
7.223
7.230
7.238

7.15
7.36
7.57
7.79
8,00

7.246

8,22

T

E

°C

mV

1340

11327.7

1341

11335.0

1342

11342.2

1343

11349.5

1 344

11356.8

1345

1 1 364 . 1

1346

11371.4

1347

11378.7

1348

11386.0

1349

11393,3

1350

1 1 400 , 6

1351

1 1408 . 0

1352

11415.3

1353

11422.7

13 54

1 1 430 . 1

13 5 5

114 3 7.5

1356

1 1 444 . 9

1357

1 1 452 , 3

1358

11459,7

1359

11467,2

1360

11474.6

1361

11482. 1

1362

11489.6

1363

11497. 1

1364

11504.6

1365 11512.1

1366 11519.6

1367 11527.2

1368 11534.7

1369 11542.3

1370 11549.9

1371 11557.5

1372 11565.2

S dS/dT

7.246 8.22

7.255 8.45

7.263 8.67

7.272 8.90

7.281 9.13

7.290 9.36

7.300 9.60

7.310 9.84

7.320 10.08

7.330 10.33

7,340 10,58

7.351 10.83

7.362 11.09

7.373 11.34

7.385 11.61

7.396 11.87

7.408 12.14

7,421 12.41

7.433 12.68

7.446 12.96

7.459 13.24

7.472 13.53

7.486 13.81

7.500 14.11

7.514 14.40

7.529 14.70

7.544 15.00

7.559 15.31

7.574 15.61

7.590 15.93

7.606 16.24

7.623 16.56

7.639 16.88

177

Table 7.5.3. Thermoelectric values at the fixed points for platinum, Pt-67, versus Type KN thermoelements

Temp.

E

S

dS/dT

Fixed point

°C

mV

mV/°C

nV/°C2

Helium NBP

-268.935

-2900

.05

0.075

174.90

Hydrogen TP

-259.340

-2890

.85

1

.886

201.30

Hydrogen NBP

-252.870

-2874

.36

3

,218

208.30

Neon TP

-248.595

-2858

.71

4

.106

206.05

Neon NBP

-246.048

-2847

.58

4

.626

202.24

Oxygen TP

-218.789

-2656

.72

8

.908

103.02

Nitrogen TP

-210.002

-2574

89

9

.672

72.10

Nitrogen NBP

-195.802

-2431

57

10

.435

38.88

Oxygen NBP

-182.962

-2294

86

10

831

25.00

Carbon Dioxide SP

-78.476

-1052

44

12

917

18.04

Mercury FP

-38.862

-528

77

13

472

10.75

Ice point*

0.000

0

00

13

640

-6.59

Ether TP

26.870

363

6

13

396

-12.12

Water BP

100,000

1282

5

11

254

-49.29

Benzoic TP

122.370

1521

3

10.076

-54.47

Indium FP

156.634

1835

7

8

351

-42.41

Tin FP

231.9681

2394

8

7

080

2.01

B smuth FP

271.442

2677

1

7

235

4.16

Cadmium FP

321.108

3040.6

7

388

2.44

Lead FP

327.502

3087

9

7

404

2.48

Mercury BP

356.660

3304

9

7

486

3.32

Zinc FP

419.580

3784

3

7

777

5.77

Sulphur BP

444.674

3981

4

7

929

6.28

Cu-Al FP

548.23

4836

4

8

566

5.29

Antimony FP

630.74

5558.2

8

892

2.48

Aluminum FP

660.37

5822.

6

8

949

1.38

Silver FP

961 . 93

8461

5

8

311

— 3 .61

Gold FP

1064.43

9293.

9

7.

924

-4.05

Copper FP

1084.5

9452.

1

7.

841

-4.20

*Junction point of different functions.

Table 7.5.4. Estimated maximum errors that occur when using reduced-bit arithmetic for the power series
expansion for the thermoelectric voltage of platinum, Pt-67, versus Type KN thermoelements

Temperature range

Degree

Estimated

maximum error

in microvolts

12 Bit

16 Bit

24 Bit

27 Bit

36 Bit

-270 to -200 °C

12

(*)

500

2

0.2

<0.01

-200 to 0 C

12

(*),

70

0.2

0.02

<0.01

0 to 200 °C

8 + exp

1

0.04

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

200 to 400 °C

8 + exp

4

0.07

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

400 to 600 °C

8 + exp

20

0.8

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

600 to 800 °C

8 + exp

90

3

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

800 to 1000 °C

8 + exp

300

8

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

1000 to 1200 °C

8 + exp

800

15

0.04

0.02

<0.01

1200 to 1372 °C

8 + exp

(*)

30

0.1

0.05

<0 01

*A high-order polynomial with a low-bit machine causes extreme error

178

8. TYPE T — Copper Versus Copper— Nickel Alloy Thermocouples

8.1. Material Specifications and Precautions

This type is one of the older and more popular
thermocouples for determining temperatures within
the range from about 300 °C down to the hydrogen
normal boiling point ( — 252.87 °C). It is at present
the only one of the standardized letter-designated type
thermocouples for which limits of error are specified
below 0 °C. The positive thermoelement, TP, is typically
electrolyic tough pitch copper that conforms to ASTM
Specification B3 for soft or annealed bare copper wire.
Such material is about 99.95 percent pure copper with
an oxygen content varying from 0.02 to 0.07 percent
(depending on sulfur content) and with other im-
purities totaling about 0.01 percent. Above about
— 195 °C the thermoelectric properties of Type TP
thermoelements, which satisfy the above conditions,
are exceptionally uniform and exhibit little variation
between different lots. Below about 76 K the thermo-
electric properties are affected more strongly by the
presence of dilute transition metal solutes, particularly
iron.

The negative thermoelement, TN (or EN), is a
copper-nickel alloy known ambiguously as constantan.
As discussed in section 6.1, the word constantan refers
to a family of copper-nickel alloys containing anywhere
from 45 to 60 percent copper. These alloys also typi-
cally contain small percentages of manganese and iron
as well as other trace impurities such as carbon, mag-
nesium, silicon, cobalt, etc. Constantan is also known
by various trade names such as Advance^ and Cupron^.
The constantan for Type T thermocouples usually con-
tains about 55 percent copper, 45 percent nickel, and
small but thermoelectrically significant amounts of iron
and manganese, about 0.1 percent or larger. It should
be emphasized that Type TN (or EN) thermo-
elements are NOT generally interchangeable
with Type JN thermoelements, although they are
all referred to as "constantan". In order to pro-
vide some differentiation in nomenclature, Type TN
(or EN) is often referred to as Adams' constantan
and Type JN is usually referred to as SAMA con-
stantan.

The thermoelectric relations for Type TN and EN
thermoelements are the same, that is the voltage versus
temperature equations and tables for platinum versus
Type TN thermoelements is typical for both types of
thermoelements over the temperature range recom-
mended for each corresponding thermocouple type.
However, it should not be assumed that Type TN and
EN thermoelements are always interchangeable or that
they have the same commercial limits of error.

The first reference tables for Type T thermocouples
to be used on an industry-wide basis were those pre-
pared by Roeser and Dahl [1938]. They indicated that
their tabular values were intended primarily for use
above 0 °C. They presented tabular values below
0 °C as a matter of convenience only and the values

^ Trademark — Driver Harris Company.
^ Trademark — Wilbur B. Driver Company.

were based upon measurements of only a relatively few
samples. The values above 0 °C were derived from
measurements of the thermoelectric voltage on nine
samples of copper versus platinum, Pt-27, between 0
and 1000 °C and on twenty-seven samples of con-
stantan versus platinum between 0 and 800 °C. The
samples were furnished by the various pyrometer in-
strument manufacturers at that time. Several years
later, more representative tabular values were estab-
lished by Scott [1940] for the subzero temperature
range. The tabular values of Roeser and Dahl [1938]
above 0 °C were combined with those of Scott [1940]
and also corrected for changes in the temperature
scales and electrical units by Shenker et al. [1951 and
1955], The last revision of the tables in 1955 was
presented in NBS Circular 561.

Extensive research on the subzero properties of
Type T thermocouples was performed by members of
the Cryogenic Division in Boulder. That research was
summarized and tabulated by Sparks et al. [1972] in
NBS Monograph 124. They indicate that Type T
thermocouples may be used down to liquid hydrogen
temperatures (about 20 K), but of the standardized
letter-designated type thermocouples they empha-
size that Type E thermocouples possess the most de-
sirable characteristics in this range. The thermoelectric
homogeneity of most Type TP and TN (or EN) ther-
moelements is reasonably good. However, the Seebeck
coefficient of Type T thermocouples is moderately
small at subzero temperatures (about 5.6 ju-V/K at
20 K), being roughly two-thirds that of Type E ther-
mocouples. This, together with the high thermal con-
ductivity of Type TP thermoelements, is the major
reason why Type T thermocouples are less suitable for
use in the subzero range than Type E thermocouples.
In addition, there is considerable variability in the
thermoelectric properties of Type TP thermoelements
at temperatures below about 76 K caused by variations
in the amounts and types of impurities present in these
nearly pure materials. For these reasons. Type T
thermocouples are generally unsuitable for use below
about 20 K.

Type T thermocouples are recommended by the
ASTM [1970] for use in the temperature range from
— 184 to 371 °C in vacuum or in oxidizing, reducing
or inert atmospheres. The recommended upper tem-
perature limit for continuous service of protected
Type T thermocouples is set at 371 °C for AWG 14
(1.6 mm) thermoelements since Type TP thermoele-
ments oxidize rapidly above this temperature. How-
ever, the thermoelectric properties of Type TP ther-
moelements are apparently not grossly affected by
oxidation since Roeser and Dahl [1938] observed
negligible changes in the thermoelectric voltage of
Nos. 12, 18 and 22 AWG Type TP thermoelements
after heating for 30 hours in air at 500 °C. At this
temperature the Type TN thermoelements have good
resistance to oxidation and exhibit only small changes
in thermal emf with long exposure in air, as shown
by the studies of Dahl [1941]. Higher operating tem-

179

peratures, up to at least 700 °C, are possible in vac-
uum or in inert atmospheres, where the deterioration
of the Type TP thermoelement is no longer a problem.
Operation of Type T thermocouples in hydrogen at-
mospheres at temperatures above about 370 °C is not
recommended since severe embrittlement of the Type
TP thermoelements may occur.

Type T thermocouples are not well suited for use
in nuclear environments since both thermoelements are
subject to significant changes in composition under
thermal neutron irradiation. The copper in the thermo-
elements is converted to nickel and zinc.

Because of the high thermal conductivity of Type
TP thermoelements, special care should be exercised
in the use of the thermocouples to insure that both the
measuring and reference junctions assume the desired
temperatures. Caldwell [1965] has determined the
errors that arise from insufficient immersion of Type
TP thermoelements in ice baths and his work should
be consulted for details.

ASTM Standard E230-72 in the Annual Book of
ASTM Standards [1972] specifies that the standard
limits of error for Type T commercial thermocouples
be ± 2 percent between —101 and —59 °C, ± 0.8 °C
between — 59 and 93 °C and ± % percent between
93 and 371 °C. Type T thermocouples can also be
supplied to meet special limits of error, which are
equal to one half the standard limits of error given
above (plus a limit of error of ±: 1 percent is speci-
fied between — 184 and — 59 °C). The recommended
upper temperature limit for protected Type T thermo-
couples, 371 °C, applies to AWG 14 (1.6 mm) wire.
For smaller wires it decreases to 260 °C for AWG
20 (0.8 mm) and 240 °C for AWG 24 or 28 (0.5 or
0.3 mm).

8.2 Data Analyses and Comparisons

The fitting functions for Type T thermocouples are
based on two sets of data: below 0 °C, the research
and equations of Sparks et al. [1972] were used di-
rectly; above 0 °C, values from NBS Circular 561
[1955] were used after being adjusted to the IPTS-
68. Unfortunately there were no data for both high-
and low-temperature calibrations on the same spool
or lot of present-day material. This deficiency leads
to difficulties in joining high- and low-temperature
calibration curves near 0 °C.

Sparks et al. [1972] based their recommended low
temperature values for the positive thermoelement,
^ TP, on a selected wire that was most representative of
two calibrated wires selected from four spools made
by two different manufacturers. Material from all
spools was certified by their manufacturers to be within
the special limits of error (as listed in the last section)
at high temperatures. Similarly, the negative thermo-
element, TN, represented the best wire from three
calibrated wires taken from ten spools supplied by four
different manufacturers. The wires for both positive
and negative thermoelements were selected after com-
pletion of careful spot calibration and inhomogeneity
tests as described in Monograph 124. Values for the
single thermoelements are given versus the platinum
reference standard, Pt-67. Thermoelectric values for

both thermoelements and the combination were rela-
tively difficult to fit precisely. Values for the positive
thermoelement required a 14th degree power series
to fit 68 points between about — 270 and 0 °C with
an imprecision of 0.12 /^V; the negative thermoelement
required a 13th degree power series to give 0.12 /xV;
and the combination (fit independently), 14th degree
for an imprecision of 0.06 jaV. In Monograph 124 the
two thermoelements and the total combination were
fit independently; for this Monograph, equations for
the total combination were used directly but the nega-
tive and positive thermoelement values were obtained
by subtraction, symbolically, TN (= EN) = E —
EP (= KP) and TP = T — TN. Therefore, the
equations for TP and TN given in this Monograph
will differ very slightly from the °C transformation
of the ones given in Monograph 124. The difference
in calculated values will usually be less than the im-
precision of the fits, 0.12 .

The data on Type T thermocouples are much more
sparse above 0 °C than they are below. In particular
there were no data on current Type TP material. Data
points for Type T were selected from NBS Circular
561, adjusted to the present temperature scale, IPTS-
68, and fit with a constrained power series. The power
series was constrained to have the same values for
the thermoelectric voltage and Seebeck coefficient at
0 °C as those obtained from the low temperature
equations. An eighth degree equation (with con-
strained constant and linear term) fit 17 selected key
data points between 0 and 400 °C with an imprecision
of 0.7 /xV. Note that this is not much worse than the
low temperature fit. The second derivative was not
constrained at the join.

The values for thermoelectric voltages of Type T
thermocouples given in this Monograph were compared
to those given by Shenker et al. [1955] in NBS Cir-
cular 561, to those given by Sparks et al. [1972], and
to four representative calibrations from the Tempera-
ture Section of the National Bureau of Standards,
Gaithersburg. The deviations are shown in figure
8.2.1. The values from NBS Circular 561 were ad-
justed to the IPTS-68. Above 0 °C the deviations
between the values in this Monograph and those in
NBS Circular 561 are caused primarily by the differ-
ences in fitting techniques. Below 0 °C, the deviations
are caused primarily by chemical composition changes
in the thermoelements. Present-day materials are
slightly different in some of the minor additives.

Similar comparison graphs for the Type TP and
TN thermoelements are given in figures 8.2.2. and
8.2.3. However, for Type TP thermoelements versus
Pt-67, comparisons could only be made to values from
the lower temperature tables [Sparks et al. 1972] and
to values from the widely distributed, but unpublished,
industrial tables prepared by Burns [1967].

Deviations between values given in this Monograph
and those given in NBS Circular 561 are also shown in
figure 8.2.4. The earlier values were adjusted to the
IPTS-68. The width of the curve indicates the round-
off uncertainty (1 /aV) in the tabular values given in
NBS Circular 561.

180

-40l I I I I I I I I I i -12I I I I 1 \ I I I I

-400 - 200 0 200 400 600 "400 -200 0 200 400 600

TEMPERATURE ."C TEMPERATURE °C

Figure 8.2.1. Deviations of the thermoelectric voltage of Type
T thermocouples — comparison of values given in this Mono-
graph to those given by: Table 561, NBS Circular 561;
NBS-B, Sparks, et al. [1972] ; Nos. 10, 18, 21 and 26, se-
lected calibrations from the Temperature Section (NBS,
Gaithersburg).

Values from previous publications and tests are adjusted to the IPTS— 68.
The dashed lines indicate a deviaion of ^ °C.

Figure 8.2.2. Deviations in the thermoelectric voltage of Type
TP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67 — comparison of
the values given in this Monograph to those given by: Ind.
Table, unpublished NBS data by Burns [1967]; NBS-B,
Sparks, et al. [1972].

Values from previous publications are adjusted to the IPTS— 68. The
dashed lines indicate a deviation of ^2

120

>

=1- 40

at

a.
UJ

<
>

40

-120

-200

1 1 1

1 1 1

1

A = -2''C

O NBS-B \

— A Ind. Table

□ No. 2

V No- 10

O No. 12

1 1

1 1 1

1

-0.4

04 0.8
TEMPERATURE, "C

1.2x10

Figure 8.2.3. Deviations in the thermoelectric voltages of plat-
inum, Pt-67, versus Type TN (or EN) thermoelements — com-
parison of values given in this Monograph to those given by:
Ind. Table, unpublished NBS data by Burns [1967] ; NBS-B,
Sparks, et al. [1972]; Nos. 2, 10, and 12, selected calibra-
tions from the Temperature Section (NBS, Gaithersburg).

Values from previous publications and tests are adjusted to the IPTS-^.
The dashed lines indicate a deviation of 2

181

30

20

0 -

>

-10

o
r

t -20

UJ

<

-30

-40

-50

-60

1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1

^,,---''a='+'/2''C

__j + r

TYP~E-T ------

/

1 1

l 1 1 1 1 1

-

1 1 1

-200

-100

100

200

300

400

TEMPERATURE, °C

Figure 8.2.4. Difference in the thermoelectric voltages for Type T thermocouples — comparison of
values given in this Monograph to those given in NBS Circular 561.

The width of the shaded curve indicates the round-off uncertainty in the previous tabular
previous standard are adjusted to the IPTS-68. The dashed lines indicate a deviation of %

values. Values from the
°C.

8.3. Reference Functions and Tables for
Type T Thermocouples

The coefficients for the fourteenth degree expansion
for the thermoelectric voltage of Type T thermocouples
below 0 °C are given in table 8.3.1. The coefficients
for the eighth degree expansion above 0 °C are also
given in table 8.3.1. The errors caused by reduced bit
arithmetic for calculating values of the functions are
given in table 8.3.4.

The primary reference values for Type T thermo-
couples are given in table 8.3.2. Values at selected
fixed points are given in table 8.3.3. Graphs of the
thermoelectric voltage, its first derivative (Seebeck
coefficient), and second derivative are given in figures
8.3.1, 8.3.2, and 8.3.3, respectively. The irregular dip
in the second derivative near 0 °C is a result of the
fitting techniques at the join of two regions, it is not
a real physical phenomenon.

It should be stressed that Type T thermocouple
materials that conform closely to the high tem-
perature tabular values may not necessarily con-
form closely at low temperatures (below 0 °C)
and vice versa. If type T thermocouples are to be
used for accurate measurements both above and below
0 °C, then the material must be calibrated in the full
temperature range, both above and below 0 °C. Spe-
cial selection of material will usually be required.

24x10

-400

-200

400

TEMPERATURE °C

Figure 8.3.1. Thermoelectric voltage for Type T thermo-
couples.

The circles indicate values at various thermometric fixed pointa on the
IPTS-68.

182

Figure 8.3.2. Seebeck coefficient for Type T thermocouples.

The circles indicate values at various thermometric filed points on the
IPTS-68.

Figure 8.3.3. Second derivative of thermoelectric voltage for
Type T ihermorouples.

The circles indicate values at various thermometric fixed points on the
IPTS-68.

Table 8.3.1. Power series expansion for the
thermoelectric voltage of Type T thermocouples

Tempera-

ture

range

Degree

Coefficients

Term

-270 to

14

3

8740773840

X

101

T

0 °C

4

4123932482

X

10-2

J'2

1

1405238498

X

io-«

1

9974406568

X

10-6

T*

9

0445401187

X

10-'

2

2766018504

X

10-8

fi

3

6247409380

X

10-10

fl

3

8648924201

X

10-12

2

8298678519

X

10-'^

1

4281383349

X

10-16

fio

4

8833254364

X

10-19

pi

1

0803474683

X

10-21

7'12

1

3949291026

X

10-24

fn

7

9795893156

X

10-28

fii

0 to

8

3

8740773840 X 10'

T

400 °C

3

3190198092 X 10"^

J'2

2

0714183645

X

10-"

fl

-2

1945834823

X

io-«

7-4

1

1031900550 X

10-8

76

-3

0927581898

X

10-"

4

5653337165

X

10-14

r

-2

.7616878040 X 10-^'

183

Table 8.3.2 Type T thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C

T E
•C /iV

270 -6257.59

269 -6256.38

268 -6254.82

267 -6252.93

266 -6250.74

265 -6248.26

264 -6245.49

263 -6242.45

262 -6239.17

261 -6235.62

260 -6231.83

259 -6227.79

258 -6223.51

257 -6218.98

256 -6214.21

255 -6209,20

254 -6203.95

253 -6198.46

252 -6192.72

251 -6186.75

250 -6180.53

249 -6174.07

248 -6167.36

247 -6160.41

246 -6153.22

245 -6145.80

244 -6138.13

243 -6130.22

242 -6122.08

241 -6113.70

240 -6105.09

S dS/dT

/iV/^C nV/»C^

1.016 384.94

1.385 354.18

1.726 328.78

2.044 308.01

2.343 291.24

2.628 277.85

2.900 267.34

3.163 259.25

3.419 253.16

3.670 248.73

3.917 245.63

4.162 243.58

4.405 242.34

4.646 241.72

4.888 241.53

6.130 241.63

5.371 241.90

5.614 242.21

5.856 242.49

6.098 242.68

6.341 242.71

6.584 242.54

6.826 242.16

7.068 241.52

7,309 240.63

7.549 239.48

7.788 238.08

8.025 236.41

8.261 234.52

8.494 232.38

8.726 230,04

T

E

"C

-240

-6105,09

-239

-6096,25

-238

-6087, 18

-237

-6077,89

-236

-6068,38

-235

-6058,64

-234

-6048,69

-233

-6038,53

-232

-6028, 16

-231

-6017,58

-230

-6006,80

-229

-5995,82

-228

-5984,64

-227

-5973,27

-226

-5961,71

-225

-5949.97

-224

-5938.04

-223

-5925.93

-222

-5913 , 64

-221

-5901.18

-220

-5888.54

-219

-5875.74

-218

-5862,77

-217

-5849,63

-216

-5836,33

-215

-5822,88

-214

-5809,26

-213

-5795,49

-212

-5781,56

-211

-5767,48

-210 -5753.25

S dS/dT

fiW/'C nV/°C*

8.726 230.04

8.954 227.51

9.180 224.81

9.404 221.96

9.624 218.98

9,842 215.90

10,056 212.73

10.267 209.49

10.475 206,21

10,680 202,91

10.881 199.61

11.079 196.31

11.274 193.05

11.465 189.83

11.653 186.66

11.838 183.56

12.020 180.54

12.199 177.62

12.376 174.78

12.549 172.05

12.720 169.43

12,888 166,92

13,054 164,53

13,217 162,25

13.378 160.09

13.537 158.06

13.694 156.14

13.850 154,33

14.003 152.64

14,155 151.06

14.305 149.59

T

E

"r

/iV

-210

-5753 .25

-209

-5738.87

-208

-5724.34

-207

-5709.67

-206

-5694. 85

-205

-5679,88

-204

-5664,77

-203

-5649,52

-202

-5634, 13

-201

-5618, 59

-200

-5602,92

-199

-5587, 10

-198

-5571,15

-197

-5555,05

-196

-5538,82

-195

-5522,45

-194

-5505,95

-193

-5489,30

-192

-5472,52

-191

-5455,61

-190

-5438,55

-189

-5421,37

-188

-5404.04

-187

-5386.59

-186

-5368.99

-185

-5351.27

-184

-5333.40

-183

-5315.41

-182

-5297.28

-181

-5279.02

-180

-5260,62

S dS/dT

14.305 149.59

14.454 148,23

14,602 146.96

14,748 145,79

14,893 144,70

15,038 143,71

15,181 142,79

15,323 141,95

15,465 141.18

15,605 140.47

16.746 139.82

15.886 139,23

16.024 138.68

16.163 138.18

16.301 137.72

16.438 137.29

16.576 136.90

16.712 136.53

16.848 136.18

16.984 135.85

17.120 135.54

17.255 135.25

17.390 134.96

17.525 134.68

17.660 134.41

17.794 134.14

17.928 133.88

18.062 133,61

18,195 133.35

18.328 133.09

18.461 132.82

184

Table 8.3.2 Type T thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, EfT), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C— Continued

T

E

°C

180

-5260,62

1 79

-5242. 10

178

-5223.44

177

-5204.64

176

-5185.72

175

-5166.66

174

-5147.47

173

-5128. 16

172

-5108.71

171

-5089. 12

170

-5069.41

169

-5049.57

168

-5029.60

167

-5009.50

166

-4989.27

165
164
163
162
161

160
159
158
157
156

155
154
153
152
151

150
149
148
147
146

145
144
143
142
141

140
139
138
137
136

135
134
133
132
131

130
129
128
127
126

125
124
123
122
121

-4968.91
-^948.43
-4927.81
-4907.07
-4886.20

-4865.20
-4844.07
-4822.81
-4801.43
-4779.93

-4758.29
-4736.53
-4714.64
-4692.63
-4670.49

-4648.23
-4625.84
-4603.33
-4580.69
-4557.92

-4535.03
-4512.02
-4488.88
-4465.62
-4442.23

-4418.72
-4395.08
-4371.32
-4347.44
-4323.43

-4299.30
-4275.05
-4250.67
-4226.17
-4201 .55

-4176.81
-4151.94
-4126.95
-4101,83
-4076.60

-4051,24
-4025,76
-4000. 16
-3974,43
-3948.59

s

18,461
18.594
18.727
18.859
18.991

19.122
19.254
19.385
19. 515
19. 646

19.776
19.906
20.036
20. 165
20.294

20.423
20.551
20.680
20.808
20.936

21.063
21. 190
21.318
21 .444
21.571

21.697
21.824
21.950
22.075
22.201

22.327
22.452
22.577
22.702
22.827

22.952
23.076
23.201
23.325
23.449

23. 573
23.697
23.821
23.945
24.068

24.192
24.315
24.438
24. 561
24.684

24.807
24.930
25.052
25.175
25.297

25.419
25.541
25.662
25.784
25.905

dS/dT
nV/'C^

132.82
132.55
132.29
132.01
131.74

131.47
131. 19
130.91
130.63
130.35

130.07
129,79
129.51
129.24
128.96

128.70
128.43
128. 17
127.91
127.67

127.42
127.19
126.96
126.74
126.52

126.31
126. 12
125.92
125.74
125.57

125.40
125.23
125.08
124.93
124.79

124.65
124.51
124.38
124.26
124. 13

124.01
123,89
123,77
123,65
123,52

123,40
123,27
123,14
123,01
122,87

122,73
122.58
122.42
122.26
122.09

121.92
121.74
121.55
121.35
121.15

T

E

"C

-120

-3922.62

■119

-3896. 54

118

-3870.33

117

-3844.00

116

-3817.56

115

-3790.99

114

-3764.30

113

-3737.49

112

-3710.57

111

-3683. 52

110

-3656.36

109

-3629.07

108

-3601.67

107

-3574. 15

106

-3546.52

105

-3518.76

104

-3490.89

103

-3462.90

102

-3434.80

-101

-3406 . 58

100

-3378.24

-99

-3349.79

-98

-3321.22

-97

-3292.54

-96

-3263 . 74

-95

-3234.83

-94

-3205, 80

-93

-3176.66

-92

-3147.41

-91

-3118.04

-90

-3088. 56

-89

-3058.96

-88

-3029.26

-87

-2999.44

-86

-2969.50

-85

-2939.46

-84

-2909.30

-83

-2879.03

-82

-2848.65

-81

-2818,16

-80

-2787,55

-79

-2756,84

-78

-2726,01

-77

-2695,08

-76

• -2664,03

-75

-2632.87

-74

-2601 .61

-73

-2570.23

-72

-2538.74

-71

-25o7»14

-70

-2475.44

-69

-2443.62

-68

-2411.70

-67

-2379.67

-66

-2347.52

-65

-2315.27

-64

-2282.92

-63

-2250,45

-62

-2217,88

-61

-2185,20

s

26,026
26. 147
26.268
26.388
26.508

26.628
26.748
26.867
26.986
27,105

27,224
27,342
27.460
27,578
27,695

27,812
27,929
28,046
28, 162
28,278

28,394
28,510
28.625
28,740
28,855

28,969
29,084
29, 198
29,311
29,425

29,538
29,651
29,764
29,877
29,989

3o, 101
30,213
30,325
30,437
30,548

30.659
30.770
30.881
30.992
31. 102

31.213
31.323
31.432
31.542
31.652

31.761
31.870
31.979
32.087
32.195

32.303
32.411
32.519
32.626
32.733

dS/dT

120.94
120.72
120.49
120.26
120,02

119,77
119,52
119,26
119.00
118.73

118.46
118.19
117.91
117.64
117.36

117.08
116.80
116.52
116.24
115.96

115.69
115.42
115.15
114.88
114.62

114.37
114.12
113.87
113.63
113 .40

113.17
112.95
112.73
112.51
112.30

112.10
111 .89
111.70
111,50
111,31

111,11
110,92
110,73
110.54
110.35

110.15
109.96
109.76
109.55
109.34

109.12
108.90
108.67
108.43
108. 19

107.94
107.68
107.41
107.13
106.85

T

-c

-60
-59
-58
-57
-56

-55
-54
-53
-52
-51

-50
-49
-48
-47
-46

-45
-44
-43
-42
-41

-40
-39
-38
-37
-36

-35
-34
-33
-32
-31

-30
-29
-28
-27
-26

-25
-24
-23
-22
-21

-20
-19
-18
-17
-16

-15
-14
-13
-12
-11

-10
-9
-8
-7
-6

-5
-4
-3
-2
-1

E

mV

-2152.41
-2119.52
-2086.52
-2053.42
-2020.21

-1986.89
-1953.47
-1919.94
-1886.31
-1852.58

-1818.74
-1784. 80
-1750.75
-1716.61
-1682.36

-1648.01
-1613.55
-1579.00
-1544.34
-1509.59

-1474.73
-1439.77
-1404.72
-1369.56
-1334.30

-1298.94
-1263.49
-1227.93
-1192.27
-1156.52

-1120.67
-1084.71
-1048.66
-1012.51
-976.26

-939.91
-903.47
-866.92
-830.28
-793.54

-756.70
-719.76
-682.73
-645.59
-608.36

-571.04
-533.62
-496.10
-458.49
-420.78

-382.98
-345.09
-307.10
-269.03
-230.86

-192.61
-154.26
-115.83
-77.31
-38.70

s

/iV/°C

32.840
32.946
33.052
33. 168
33.264

33.369
33.474
33,578
33,682
33,786

33,889
33.993
34,095
34, 198
34,300

34,402
34.504
34.605
34.706
34.807

34.907
35.008
35.108
35.208
35.308

35.407
35.507
35.606
35.705
35. 804

35.903
36.002
36. 101
36.200
36.299

36.397
36.496
36.594
36.693
36.791

36.889
36.986
37.084
37. 181
37.278

37.374
37.470
37.565
37.659
37.753

37.846
37.939
38,030
38, 121
38,211

38,301
38,389
38,477
38,565
38,653

dS/dT

106,55
106,25
105,94
105.63
105,31

104,98
104.66
104,32
103,99
103,66

103,33
103,00
102,68
102.36
102.05

101.75
101.46
101.18
100.92
100.67

100.43
100.22
100.01
99.83
99,66

99,52
99,38
99,26
99.16
99.07

98.99
98.91
98.84
98.76
98.69

98.60
98.50
98.37
98.23
98.05

97.83
97.58
97.27
96.91
96.50

96.03
95.49
94.90
94.25
93.54

92.79
92.01
91.20
90.41
89.64

88.94
88.35
87.92
87.70
87.79

120

-3922.62

26.026 120.94

-60

-2152.41

32.840 106.55

0.00

38.741

66 .38

185

Table 8.3.2 Type T thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C— Continued

T E

Q

0,0

1

38.8

2

77.6

3

116.5

155.5

5

194.6

6

233.7

7

272.9

8

312.1

9

351.5

10

390 . 9

XI

430.4

X2

470.0

13

509.6

1^

549.4

15

589.2

16

629.1

17

669,0

18

709.1

19

749.2

20

789.4

21

829.7

22

870. 1

23

910.6

24

951.1

25

991 . 7

26

1032.5

27

1073.3

28

1114.1

29

1155.1

30

1196.2

31

1237.3

32

1278.5

33

1319,8

34

1361.2

3 5

1402 . 7

36

1444.3

37

1485.9

38

1527.7

39

1569.5

40

1611.4

41

1653.4

42

1695.5

43

1737.6

44

1779.9

45

1822.2

46

1864.6

47

1907.1

48

1949.7

49

1992.4

50

20 35.2

51

2078.0

52

2121.0

53

2164.0

54

2207.1

55

2250.3

56

2293.6

57

2336.9

58

2380.4

59

2423.9

60

2467.5

S dS/dT

38.741 66.38

38.808 67.60

38.876 68.76

38.945 69.88

39.016 70.94

39.087 71,96

39.160 72.94

39.233 73.86

39.307 74.75

39.382 75.59

39.458 76.39

39.535 77.15

39.613 77.86

39.691 78,55

39.770 79.19

39.849 79.80

39.929 80.37

40.010 80.91

40.091 81.41

40.173 81.88

40.255 82.33

40.338 82,74

40.420 83.12

40.504 83.47

40.587 83.80

40.671 84.10

40.756 84.37

40.840 84.62

40.925 84,84

41,010 85,04

41,095 85.22

41.180 85.37

41.266 85.50

41.351 85.62

41.437 85.71

41,523 85,79

41,608 85,84

41.694 85.88

41.780 85.90

41.866 85.91

41.952 85.89

42.038 85.87

42.124 85.83

42.209 85.77

42.295 85.70

42.381 85.62

42.466 85.53

42.552 85.42

42.637 85.31

42.723 85.18

42.808 85.04

42.893 84.89

42.977 84.74

43.062 84.57

43.147 84.^0

43.231 84.21

43,315 84,02

43,399 83,83

43,483 83.62

43,566 83.41

43,649 83,20

J

E

"C

60

2467,5

61

2511,2

62

2555,0

63

2598,8

64

2642,8

65

2686.8

66

2730.9

67

2775. 1

68

2819.3

69

2863,7

70

2908,1

71

2952,6

72

2997,2

73

3041,9

74

3086.6

75

3131.5

76

3176,4

77

3221.4

78

3266 .4

79

3311.6

80

3356.8

81

3402,1

82

3447,5

83

3492,9

84

3538,5

85

3584,1

86

3629.8

87

3675.5

88

3721 ,4

89

3767.3

90

3813.3

91

3859.4

92

3905.5

93

3951 . 7

94

3998.0

95

4044.4

96

4090.8

97

4137.4

98

4183.9

99

4230.6

100

4277.3

101

4324.2

102

4371.0

103

4418 . 0

104

4465.0

105

4512. 1

106

4559,3

107

4606,5

108

4653.8

109

4701.2

110

4748,7

111

4796,2

112

4843,8

113

4891 .4

114

4S*39,2

115

4987.0

116

5034.9

117

5082,8

118

5130.8

119

5178,9

120

5227,0

S dS/dT

43.649 83.20

43.733 82.98

43.815 82.75

43.898 82.52

43.980 82.28

44.063 82.04

44.145 81,79

44.226 81,55

4A,308 81.29

44,389 81.04

44,470 80,78

44.550 80.52

44.631 80.26

44.711 79.99

44.791 79.73

44.870 79.46

44.950 79.19

45.029 78.92

45.107 78.65

45.186 78.38

45.264 78.10

45.342 77.83

45.420 77.56

45.497 77.29

45.574 77.01

45.651 76.74

45.728 76.47

45.804 76.20

45.880 75.93

45.956 75.66

46.032 75.39

46.107 75.13

46.182 74.86

46.257 74.60

46.331 74.34

46.405 74.08

46.479 73.82

46.55 3 73.5 6

46.626 73.30

46.700 73.05

46.773 72.80

46.845 72.55

46.918 72.30

46.990 72.06

47.062 71.81

47.133 71.57

47,205 71.34

47.276 71.10

47.347 70.87

47.418 70.64

47.488 70.41

47.559 70.18

47.629 69.96

47.699 69.74

47.768 69.52

47.838 69.30

47.907 69,09

47.976 68.88

48.045 68.67

48.113 68.46

48.181 68.26

T
1

°c

/iV

120

5227.0

121

5275.3

122

5323.5

12 3

5 3 71.9

124

5420.3

125

5468.8

126

5517.3

127

5566.0

128

5614.7

129

5663.4

130

5712.2

131

5761.1

132

5810.1

133

5859. 1

134

5908.2

135

5957.3

136

6006.5

137

6055.8

138

6105.2

139

6154.6

140

6204.1

141

6253.6

142

6303.2

143

6352.9

144

6402.6

145

6462.4

146

6502.3

147

6552.2

148

6602 . 2

149

6652.2

150

6702.4

151

6752.5

152

6802.8

153

685 3. 1

154

6903.5

155

6953.9

156

7004.4

157

7054,9

158

7105,6

159

7156.2

160

7207.0

161

7257.8

162

7308.7

163

7359.6

164

7410.6

165

7461.6

166

7512.7

167

7563.9

168

7615.2

169

7666.4

170

7717.8

171

7769.2

172

7820.7

173

7872.2

174

7923.8

175

7975.5

176

8027.2

177

8079.0

178

8130.8

179

8182.7

180 8234.7

S dS/dT

/i,V/»C nV/»C^

48.181 68,26

48.250 68.06

48.318 67.86

48.385 67.67
48.453 67.47

48.520 67.28

48.587 67.09
48.654 66.91
48.721 66.72
48.788 66.54

48.854 66.36

48.921 66.19

48,987 66.01

49.053 65.84

49.118 65.67

49.184 65.50

49.249 65.33

49.315 65.17

49.380 65.01

49.445 64.85

49.509 64.69

49.574 64.53

49.639 64.38

49.703 64.23

49.767 64,07

49,831 63,93

49.895 63.78

49,959 63.63

50.022 63.49

50.086 63.34

50.149 63.20

50.212 63.06

50.275 62.92

50.338 62.78

50.400 62.65

50.463 62.51

50.526 62.37

60.588 62.24
50.650 62.11
50.712 61.98

50.774 61.84

50,836 61,71

50.897 61.58

50.959 61.46

51.020 61.33

51.082 61.20

51.143 61.07

51.204 60.94

51.265 60.82

51.325 60.69

51.386 60,57

51.446 60.44
51,507 60.32
51.567 60.19
51.627 60.07

51.687 59.94

51.747 59.82

51.807 59.69

51.866 59.67

51.926 59.44

51. .985 59.32

186

Table 8.3.2 Type T thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, EfT), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 ° C— Continued

T E

180 8234.7

181 8286.7

182 8338.8

183 8390.9

184 8443.1

185 8495.3

186 8547.6

187 8600.0

188 8652.4

189 8704.9

S dS/dT

51.985 59.32

52.045 59.19

52.104 59.07

52.163 58.94

52.222 58,81

52.280 58.69

52.339 58.56

52.397 58.43

52.456 58.31

52.514 58.18

T

C.

"C

240

1 14 5 5 # 8

1 1 5 1 1 • 1

/. o

1 1 566 • 5

243

1 1 6 2 1 • 9

2 44

1 1 6 7 7 » 4

245

11732.9

246

11788.5

247

11844.1

248

11899.8

249

11955.5

S dS/dT

55.300 50.80

55.351 50.64

55.401 50.48

55.452 50.32

55.502 50.17

55.552 50.01

55.602 49.85

55.652 49.69

55.701 49.54

55.751 49,38

T E

•C

300 14859.8

301 14917.9

302 14976.1

303 15034.3

304 15092.5

305 15150.8

306 15209.1

307 15267.5

308 15325.9

309 15384.3

S dS/dT

/iV/'C nV/"C*

58.086 42.86

58.129 42.78

58.172 42.69

58,215 42.62

58.257 42.54

58.300 42.46

58.342 42.39

58.385 42.32

58.427 42.25

58.469 42.19

190 8757.5

191 8810.1

192 8862.7

193 8915.4

194 8968.2

52.572 58.05

52.630 57.92

52.688 57.79

52.746 57.66

52.803 57.53

250 12011.3

251 12067.1

252 12123.0

253 12178.9

254 12234.9

55.800 49.22

55.849 49.07

55.898 48.91

55.947 48.76

55.996 48.60

310 15442.8

311 15501.3

312 15559.9

313 15618.5

314 15677.2

58.511 42.12

58.553 42.06

58.595 41.99

58.637 41.93

58.679 41.88

195 9021.1

196 9073.9

197 9126.9

198 9179.9

199 9233.0

52.861 57.40

52.918 57.27

52.975 57.13

53.032 57.00

53.089 56.87

255 12290.9

256 12347.0

257 12403.1

258 12459.3

259 12515.5

56.044 48.45

56.093 48.30

56.141 48.14

56.189 47.99

56.237 47.84

315 15735.9

316 15794.6

317 15853.4

318 15912.2

319 15971.1

58.721 41.82

58.763 41.76

58.805 41.71

58.846 41.65

58.888 41.60

200

92 86.1

2 01

Q T "3 Q "5

202

9392.5

203

9445.8

204

9499.1

205

9552.5

206

9606.0

207

9659.5

208

9713.0

209

9766.7

210

9820.3

211

9874.1

212

9927.9

213

9981.7

214

10035.6

215

10089.6

216

10143.6

217

10197.6

218

10251.8

219

10305.9

220

10360.2

221

10414.4

222

10468.8

223

10523.2

224

10577.6

225

10632.1

226

10686.6

227

10741.2

228

10795.9

229

10850.6

53.146 56.73

53.203 56.60

53.259 56.46

53.316 56.32

53.372 56.19

53.428 56.05

53.484 55.91

53.540 55.77

53.596 55.63

53.651 55.49

53.707 55.35

53.762 55.20

53.817 55.06

53.872 54.92

53.927 54.77

53.982 54,63

54.036 54.48

54.091 54.33

54.145 54.18

54.199 54,04

54,253 53,89

54,307 53,74

54,360 53,59

54,414 53,44

54.467 53.28

54.520 53.13

54.573 52.98

54.626 52.82

54.679 52.67

54.732 52.52

260

12571.7

261

12628.0

262

12684.4

263

12740.8

264

12797.3

265

12853.8

266

12910.3

267

12966.9

268

13023.5

269

13080.2

270

13136.9

271

13193.7

272

13250.5

273

13307.4

274

13364.3

275

13421,3

276

13478.3

277

13535.3

278

13592.4

279

13649.6

280

13706.8

281

13764.0

282

13821.3

283

13878.6

284

13936.0

285

13993 .4

286

14050.8

287

14108.3

288

14165.9

289

14223.5

56.285 47.69

56.332 47,54

56,380 47,39

56,427 47.25

56.474 47.10

56.521 46.95
56.568 46.81
56.615 46.67
56.661 46.52
56.708 46.38

56.754 46.24

56.800 46.11

56.846 45.97

56.892 45.84

56.938 45.70

56.984 45.57

57.029 45.44

57.075 45.31

57.120 45.18

57.165 45.06

57.210 44.93

57.255 44.81

57.300 44.69

57.344 44.57

57.389 44.46

57.433 44.34

57,477 44.23

57.522 44.12
57.566 44.01
57.610 43.90

"5 9 n

•^9 1
JC. J.

1 A ri ft Q n
X o U O 7 • u

322

16148.0

323

16207.0

324

16266.1

325

16325.2

326

16384.3

327

16443.5

328

16502.8

329

16562. 1

330

16621.4

331

16680.7

332

16740. 1

333

16799.6

334

16859,1

335

16918.6

336

16978.2

337

17037.8

338

17097.4

339

17157.1

340

17216.8

341

17276.6

342

17336.4

343

17396.3

344

17456.2

345

17516.1

346

17576.1

347

17636.1

348

17696.1

349

17756,2

58,

929

41.55

58.

971

41.50

59.

012

41.45

59.

054

41.40

59.

095

41.35

59.

137

41.31

59.

178

41.26

59.219

41.21

59.

260

41.17

59.

301

41.12

59.

343

41.07

59.

384

41.02

59.425

40.98

59.

466

40.93

59,

506

40.88

59,

547

40.83

59,

588

40.77

59,

629

40.72

59,670

40.67

59.

710

40.61

59.751 40.55

59.791 40.49

59.832 40.42

59.872 40.35

59.912 40.28

59.953 40.21

59,993 40,13

60,033 40,05

60,073 39.97

60.113 39.87

230

10905.4

231

10960.2

232

11015.0

233

11069.9

234

11124.9

235

11179.9

236

11235.0

237

11290. 1

238

11345.3

239

11400.5

240

11455.8

54.734 52.36

54.836 52.21

54.889 52.05

54.941 51.89

54.992 51.74

55.044 51.58

55.096 51.42

55.147 51.27

55.198 51.11

55.249 50.95

55.300 50.80

290

14281.1

291

14338.8

292

14396.5

293

14454. 3

294

14512.1

295

14569.9

296

14627.8

297

14685.7

298

14743.7

299

14801.7

300

14859.8

57.653 43.80

57.697 43.69

57.741 43.59

57.784 43.49

57.828 43.40

57.871 43.30

57.914 43.21

57.958 43.12

58.001 43.03

58.044 42.94

58.086 42.86

350 17816.4

351 17876.5

352 17936.8

353 17997.0

354 18057,3

355 18117.6

356 18178.0

357 18238.4

358 18298.9

359 18359.3

360 18419.9

60.153 39.78

60.192 39.68

60.232 39.57

60.272 39,46

60.311 39.34

60.350 39.22

60,389 39.08

60,428 38.94

60,467 38,80

60,506 38.64

60.545 38.47

187

Table 8.3.2 Type T thermocouples — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first
derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 ° C— Continued

T E
'C /iV

360 18419.9

361 18A80.4

362 18541.0

363 18601.7

364 18662.3

365 18723.1

366 18783.8

367 18844.6

368 18905.4

369 18966.3

370 19027.2

371 19088.1

372 19149.1

373 19210.1

374 19271.2

375 19332.2

S dS/dT

60.545 38.47

60.583 38.30

60.621 38.12

60.659 37.92

60.697 37.72

60,735 37.50

60.772 37,28

60.809 37,04

60,846 36.79

60.883 36.52

60.919 36.25

60.955 35.96

60.991 35.65

61.027 35.33

61.062 34.99

61.096 34.64

T E

375 19332.2

376 19393,4

377 19454.5

378 19515,7

379 19576.9

380 19638.2

381 19699.4

382 19760.7

383 19822.1

384 19883.5

385 19944.9

386 20006.3

387 20067.8

388 20129.3

389 20190.8

390 20252.3

S dS/dT

61.096 34.64

61.131 34.26

61.165 33.88

61.199 33.47

61.232 33.04

61.265 32.59

61.297 32,13

61,329 31,64

61.360 31,13

61.391 30.60

61.422 30.04

61.461 29.46

61.480 28.85

61.509 28.22

61.537 27.56

61.564 26,88

X

1

t

"C

390

20262,3

391

20313.9

392

20375.5

393

2043 7.2

394

20498.8

395

20560.5

396

20622.2

397

20683.9

398

20745.7

399

20807.4

400

20869,2

S dS/dT

^V/°C nV/°C2

61,564 26,88

61,591 26.16

61,616 25,42

61,641 24.66

61,666 23,84

61,689 23.01

61,712 22,14

61,733 21,23

61,754 20,29

61,774 19,32

61.793 18.31

188

Table 8.3.3. Thermoelectric values at the fixed points for Type T thermocouples

Temp.

E

S

dS/dT

Fixed point

°C

Helium JNBr

-268

935

— ozbo

1

408

o5z . 36

Hydrogen TP

-259

340

— 6229

19

4

07

244 . 17

TT J MTITI

Hydrogen NBP

-252

870

— 6197

73

5

645

242 . 2 '<

iNeon Ir

-248

595

rf^l '71
— Oil I

Q O

oo

6

682

z4z . 42

Neon NBr

-246

048

— Di53

58

7

298

240 .69

Oxygen Ir

-218

789

— 5873

AO

12

923

166 . 41

Nitrogen TP

-210

002

— 5753

oo
28

14

305

149 . 60

Nitrogen NBP

-195

802

c c o c
— 5535

C A

59

16

328

137 .63

Oxygen NBP

-182

962

— 5314

TO

7z

18

067

loo £ A

133 .60

Carbon Dioxide ar

-78

476

TA

30

828

1 1 A OO
111) . OZ

Mercury FP

-38

862

— 1434

94

35

022

100 . 19

Ice point*

0

000

0

0

38

741

£,£i O O
00 .38

Ether TP

26

870

1067

9

40

829

84 . 59

Water BP

100

000

4277

3

46

773

72 .80

Benzoic TP

122

370

5341

4

48

343

67 .79

Indium FP

156

634

7036

4

C A

50

5d5

62 .29

Tin FP

231

9681

11013

3

54

887

52 .Oo

Bismuth FP

271

442

13218

8

56

821

A/i AC

46 .05

Cadmium FP

321

108

16095

3

58

975

41.49

T paH FP
LiCail r ±

327

502

16473

3

59

240

41 19

Mercury BP

356

660

18217

9

60

415

38.99

*Junction point of different functions.

Table 8.3.4. Estimated maximum errors that occur when using, reduced-hit arithmetic for the power series
expansion for the thermoelectric voltage of Type T thermocouples

Temperature range

Degree

Estimated maximum

error in microvolts

12 Bit

16 Bit

24 Bit

27 Bit

36 Bit

-270 to -200 °C

14

(*)

(*)

30

1

<0.01

-200 to 0 °C

14

(*)

700

3

0.3

<0.01

0 to 200 °C

8

5

0.2

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

200 to 400 °C

8

80

6

0.03

<0.01

<0.01

*A high-order polynomial with a low-bit machine causes extreme error.

8.4. Reference Functions and Tables for the
Positive Thermoelement, Type TP, Cop-
per Versus Platinum, Pt— 67

The coefficients for the fourteenth degree expansion
for the thermoelectric voltage of Type TP thermoele-
ments versus Pt-67 below 0 °C are given in table
8.4.1. The coefficients for the ninth degree expansion
above 0 °C are also given in table 8.4.1. Errors caused
by using reduced-bit arithmetic for calculating values
of the functions are given in table 8.4.4.

The primary reference values for Type TP thermo-
elements .ersus Pt-67 are given in table 8.4.2. Values
at selected fixed points are given in table 8.4.3. Graphs

of the thermoelectric voltage, its first derivative (See-
beck coefficient), and second derivative are given in
figures 8.4.1, 8.4.2, and 8.4.3, respectively.

It should be stressed that Type TP thermoele- •
ment material that conforms closely to the high
temperature tabular value may not necessarily
conform closely at low temperatures (below
0 °C) and vice versa. If Type TP thermoelements
are to be used for accurate measurements both above
and below 0 °C, then the material must be calibrated
in the full temperature range, both above and below
0 °C. Special selection of material will usually be
required.

189

Table 8.4.1. Power series expansion for the thermo-
electric voltage of Type TP thermoelements versus
platinum, Pt-67

5x10'

>
UJ

<

o
>

-400 -200 0 200

TEMPERATURE,°C

Tempera-

ture

range

Degree

Coefficients

Term

— 270 to

14

5

oo0d2d1740

T

0 °C

1

9658501192

X

10"^

J2

1

7712/84201

X

10~*

J3

2

0479611841

X

10"^

j-i

9

4510605099

X

10~'

1 ^

2

403952 / i4o

X

10~*

fe

4

0166759205

X

Jl

4

3256251496

X

10"'^

fi

3

1619504221

X

10-"

1

5784862573

X

10-18

fio

5

3010783090

X

10"''

1

1454963751

X

'PI 9

1

4386009111

X

10-24

7

9795893156

X

10-28

fli

0 to

9

5

8806261740

T

400 °C

1

6201404918 X

10-2

1

1636815449 X 10"*

fl

-1

6384754004 X lO"'

T*

9.4887045900 X lO'"

Ji

-2.8443781735 X IQ-"

ft

4

3314365019

X

10-14

J.J

-2

6422248358 X

10-"

fS

-2

5561127497

X

10-22

400

Figure 8.4.1. Thermoelectric voltage for Type TP thermo-
elements versus platinum, Pt-67.

The circles indicate valuea at various tbermometric 6xed points on the
IPTS-68.

-400 -200 0

TEMPERATURE ,°C

200

400

Figure 8.4.2. Seebeck coefficient for Type TP thermoelements
versus platinum, Pt-67.

The circles indicate values at various thermometric fixed points on the
IPTS-68.

0.08

-400 -200 0 200

TEMPERATURE, °C

400

Figure 8.4.3. Second derivative of thermoelectric voltage for
Type TP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67.

The circles indicate values at various thermometric fixed points on the
IPTS-68.

190

Table 8.4.2. Type TP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt— 67 — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck
coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C

T

E

s

dS/dT

T

E

•c

nV/'C^

•c

uV

-270

19.66

0.316

-132.66

-240

-28.87

-269

19.92

0.180

-138.50

-239

-32.09

-268

20.02

0.040

-142.36

-238

-35.40

-267

19.99

—0 .104

—144. 57

-2 3 7

-38. 78

-266

19.81

-0.249

-145.41

-236

-42.23

-265

19.49

-0.394

-145. 16

-235

-45.75

-264

19.02

-0.539

-144.00

-234

-49.35

-263

18.41

-0.682

-142. 18

-233

-53.01

-2 62

17.66

—0 .82 3

-139.81

-232

—56 . 74

-261

16.77

-0.962

-137.05

-231

-60.53

-260

15.74

-1.097

-134.01

-230

-64.38

-259

14.57

-1.229

-130.80

-229

-68.29

-258

13.28

-1.359

-127.48

-228

-72.26

-2 5 7

11.86

— 1 . 484

— 124 . 13

— 227

-76.28

-256

10.31

-1.607

-120.80

-226

-80.36

-255

8.64

-1.726

-117.51

-225

-84.48

-254

6.86

-1.842

-114.31

-224

-88.64

-253

4.96

-1.955

-111.22

-223

-92.85

-252

2.95

-2 .064

—108.2 4

-222

—97. 10

-251

0.83

-2.171

-105.37

-221

-101.39

-250

-1.39

-2.275

-102.64

-220

-105.71

-249

-3.72

-2.377

-100.02

-219

-110.06

-248

-6.14

-2.475

-97.52

-218

-114.44

-247

-8.67

-2 . 572

-95 . 12

-217

-118.85

-246

-11.29

-2.666

-92.82

-216

-123.28

-245

-14.00

-2.757

-90.60

-215

-127.73

-244

-16.80

-2.847

-38.45

-214

-132.19

-243

-19.69

-2.934

-86.36

-213

-136.67

-242

-22.66

-3.020

-84.30

-212

-141.16

-241

-25.73

-3. 103

-82.28

-211

-145.65

-240

-28.87

-3. 184

-80.26

-210

-150.15

191

s

dS/dT

T

E

s

dS/dT

fiWC

nV/"*C^

'C

/iV

n ¥/ V

-3.184

-80.26

-210

-150.15

-4.501

-1.42

-3.263

-78.26

-209

-154.65

-4.501

1.47

-3.341

-76.24

-208

-159. 15

-4.498

4.32

— ? n 7

—163.65

— 4 . 492

7 11

-3.489

-72.12

-206

-168.13

-4.484

9.85

-3.560

-70.01

-205

-172.61

-4.473

12.53

-3.629

-67.86

-204

-177.08

-4.459

15.13

-3.696

-65.65

-203

-181.53

-4.442

17.67

— 3 • 760

—63 . 38

—202

—18 5. 96

—4. 423

2 0 • 14

-3.823

-61.05

-201

-190.38

-4.402

22.62

-3.882

-58.66

-200

-194.77

-4.378

24.82

-3.940

-56.20

-199

-199.13

-4.353

27.04

-3.995

-53.67

-198

-203.47

-4.324

29.18

■"4 • 0^~l

—51.08

— 197

—207.78

— 4.2 94

31.22

-4.097

-48,43

-196

-212.06

-4.262

33.18

-4. 144

-45.72

-195

-216.30

-4.228

35.05

-4. 188

-42.95

-194

-220.51

-4.192

36.83

-4.230

-40.13

-193

-224.69

-4. 154

38.52

—4. 269

-37 . 26

-192

—22 8 .82

-4.115

40 .13

-4.304

-34.35

-191

-232.92

-4.074

41.64

-4.337

-31.40

-190

-236.97

-4.032

43.08

-4.367

-28.42

-189

-240.98

-3.988

44.42

-4.394

-25.42

-188

-244.94

-3.943

45.69

-4.418

-22.40

-187

—248.86

-3 . 896

46 .87

-4.439

-19.38

-186

-252.74

-3.849

47.97

-4.457

-16.35

-185

-256.56

-3.801

49.00

-4.472

-13.32

-184

-260.34

-3.751

49.96

-4.483

-10.31

-183

-264.06

-3.701

50.85

-4.492

-7.32

-182

-267.74

-3.649

51.67

-4.498

-4.36

-181

-271.36

-3.597

52.43

-4.501

-1.42

-180

-274.93

-3.545

53.13

Table 8.4.2. Type TP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt— 67 — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck

coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

»C

E

-180
-179
-178
-177
-176

-274.93
-278.45
-281.91

-285.32
-288.68

-175
-174
-173
-172
-171

-291.98
-295.22
-298.41
-301.54
-304.61

-170
-169
-168
-167
-166

-307.63
-310.59
-313.49
-316.33
-319.12

-165
-164
-163
-162
-161

-321.84
-324.51
-327. 12
-329.67
-332.16

-160
-159
-158
-157
-156

-334.59
-336.96
-339.27
-341.52
-343.71

-155
-154
-153
-152
-151

-345.84
-347.91
-349.92
-351.87
-353.76

-150
-149
-148
-147
-146

-355.59
-357.35
-359.06
-360.70
-362.28

-145
-144
-143
-142
-141

-363.80
-365.26
-366.66
-368.00
-369.27

-140
-139
-138
-137
-136

-370.48
-371.63
-372.72
-373,75
-374.71

-135
-134
-133
-132
-131

-375.61
-376.45
-377.22
-377.94
-378.59

-130
-129
-128
-127
- 1 26

-379. 18
-379.70
-380.17
-380.57
-380.91

-125
-124
-123
-122
-121

-381.19
-381.41
-381.57
-381.66
-381.70

-120

-381.67

s

dS/<3T

nV/°C^

-3. 545

53. 13

-3.491

53.78

-3.437

54.37

-3.382

54.91

—3 • 3 2)7

5 5.41

-3.272

55.86

-3.2 1,6

56.27

-3.159

56.65

-3.102

57.00

-3.045

57.32

-2.988

57.61

-2.930

57.88

-2.872

58.12

-2.814

58.35

-2.755

58.56

-2.696 58.76

-2.638 58.95

-2.579 59.13

-2.519 59.30

-2.460 59,46

-2.400 59.62

-2.341 59.77

-2.281 59.92

-2.221 60.06

-2.161 60.21

-2.100 60.35

-2.040 60.49

-1.980 60.63

-1.919 60.77

-1.858 60.91

-1.797 61.04

-1.736 61.17

-1.675 61.30

-1.613 61.42

-1.552 61.54

-1.490 61.66

-1.429 61.76

-1.367 61.87

-1.305 61.96

-1.243 62.04

-1.181 62.12

-1.119 62.18

-1.056 62.24

-0.994 62.28

-0.932 62.30

-0.869 62.32

-0.807 62.32

-0.745 62.30

-0.683 62.27

-0.620 62.22

-0.558 62.16

-0.496 62.08

-0.434 61.98

-0.372 61.86

-0.310 61.73

-0.249 61.58

-0.187 61.42

-0.126 61.24

-0.065 61.04

-0.004 60.83

0.057 60.60

T

E

°C

•120

-381.67

•119

-381.58

•118

-381.44

•117

-381.23

•116

—3 80.96

•115

-380 .63

•114

-380.2 5

•113

-379.80

•112

-379.30

•111

-378.73

•110

-378. 1 1

■109

-377.44

■108

-376.70

•107

-375.91

•106

-375 . 06

■105

-374. 15

■104

-373 .19

•103

-372.17

•102

-371. 10

•101

-369.97

•100

-368.78

-99

-367. 55

-98

-366.25

-97

-364.90

-96

—363. 50

-95

-362.0 5

-94

-360 . 54

-93

-358.98

-92

-357.36

-91

—355 . 70

-90

—353.97

— 89

—352 .20

-88

-350.38

-87

-348.50

o o

-85

—344.5 8

-84

—342. 55

-83

-340.46

-82

-338.32

— 81

— 33 6. 13

-80

-333.89

-79

-331.60

-78

-329.25

-77

-326.86

-76

—324 .41

-75

-321.91

-74

-319.35

-73

-316.75

-72

-314.09

— 71

—311.39

— 70

-308.63

-69

—305.82

-68

-302 .96

-67

-300.05

-66

-297.08

-65

-294.07

-64

-291.01

-63

-287.89

-62

-284.72

-61

-281.51

-60 -278.24

S dS/dT

0.057 60.60

0.118 60.36

0.178 60.11

0.238 59.84

0.297 59.57

0.357 59.28

0.416 58.99

0.475 58.69

0.533 58.38

0.592 58.07

0.649 57.75

0.707 57.43

0.764 57.12

0.821 56.80

0.878 56.49

0.934 56.17

0.990 55.87

1.046 55.57

1.101 55.27

1.157 54.99

1.211 54.71

1.266 54.45

1.320 54.19

1.374 53.95

1.428 53.72

1.482 53.50

1.535 53.30

1.588 53.11

1.641 52.93

1.694 52.77

1.747 52.62

1.800 52.48

1.852 52.36

1.904 52.25

1.956 52.16

2.009 52.07

2.061 51.99

2.113 51.93

2.164 51.87

2.216 51.82

2.268 51.77

2.320 51.73

2.372 51.70

2.423 51.66

2.475 51.62

2.526 51.59

2.578 51.55

2.630 51.50

2.681 51.45

2.732 51.39

2.784 51.32

2.835 51.24

2.886 51.15

2.937 51.04

2.988 50.93

3.039 50.79

3.090 50.64

3.141 50.48

3.191 50.30

3.241 50.10

3.291 49.88

T

E

°c

-60

-278.24

-5 9

-274. 93

-58

-271.56

-57

-268.15

— 3 o

— 9 AZl Aft

-5 5

— 26 1 • 17

—257,61

-53

-254.00

-52

-250.34

Pi

— L.f^ A "3

— ^ H-O • 0 .3

— 50

—242 .88

-49

-239,08

-48

-235.24

-47

-231.34

—46

—227.41

-45

-223.42

—44

-219.39

-43

-215.32

-42

-211.20

*+ i

— 207 .04

—202.83

-39

—198.5 8

-38

-194.29

-37

-189.95

^ D

—185.58

— 35

-181.15

— 34

—176.69

-33

-172,18

-32

-167.63

— 3 1

—16 3.04

—158.41

— 29

i.0 3 % to

-28

-149.01

-21

-144.26

— 26

—139.45

— 25

— 134 . 6 1

— 2 4

— 129 • 72

-23

-124.79

-22

-119.82

— 21

—114.81

— 9 n

—109.75

- 19

—104.66

-18

-99.52

-17

-94,33

i D

— ft Q 11
o 7 . Li

— 1 5

— 83 . 84

— 1 4

-78.53

-13

-73.18

-12

-67.79

— 1 1

—62.36

— 1 U

— A ft Q

— 9

— 51 .37

— 8

-45 .82

-7

-40.23

-6

-34.59

-5

-28.92

-4

-23.21

-3

-17.47

-2

-11.68

-1

-5.86

0 0.00

S dS/dT

3.291 49.88

3.341 49.65

3.390 49.40

3.440 49.13

3.489 48.85

3.537 48.55

3.586 48.24

3.634 47.92

3.682 47.59

3.729 47.25

3.776 46.90

3.823 46.55

3.869 46.20

3.915 45.85

3.961 45.50

4.006 45.16

4.051 44.82

4.096 44.50

4.140 44.19

4.184 43.89

4.228 43.61

4.271 43.35

4.315 43.11

4.358 42.90

4.401 42.71

4.443 42.55

4.486 42.41

4.528 42.30

4.570 42.21

4.612 42.15

4.655 42.11

4.697 42.10

4.739 42.10

4.781 42.13

4.823 42.16

4.865 42.20

4.907 42,25

4,950 42.29

4.992 42.33

5.034 42.35

5.077 42.36

5,119 42.34

5.161 42.29

5.204 42.20

5.246 42,07

5,288 41,89

5,329 41,67

5,371 41,39

5,412 41,07

5,453 40,70

5.494 40.29

5.534 39.85

5.573 39.40

5.613 38.95
5.651 38.54

5.690 38.20

5.728 37.96

5.766 37.89

5.804 38.03

5.842 38.48

5.881 32.40

192

Table 8.4.2. Type TP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt— 67 — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck
coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T E

0 0.0

1 5.9

2 11.8

3 17.8
h 23.8

5 29.8

6 35.9

7 42.0

8 48.1

9 54.3

10 60.5

11 66.8

12 73.1

13 79.4

14 85.8

15 92.2

16 98.6

17 105.1

18 111.6

19 118.2

20 124.8

21 131.4

22 138.1

23 144.8

24 151.6

25 158.4

26 165.2

27 172.1

28 179.1

29 186.0

30 193.0

31 200.1

32 207.2

33 214.3

34 221.4

35 228.6

36 235.9

37 243.2

38 250.5

39 257.9

40 265.3

41 272.7

42 280.2

43 287.7

44 295.3

45 302.9

46 310.5

47 318.2

48 325.9

49 333.6

&0 341.4

51 349.2

52 357.1

53 365.0

54 372.9

55 380.9

56 388.9

57 396.9

58 405.0

59 413.1

60 421.2

S dS/dT

/iV/»C nV/°C2

5.881 32.40

5.913 33.08

5.947 33.72

5.981 34.33

6.015 34.89

6.051 35.43

6.086 35.92

6.122 36.39

6.159 36.82

6.196 37.23

6.233 37.60

6.271 37.94

6.309 38.26

6.348 38.55

6.386 38.81

6.425 39.05

6.465 39.26

6.504 39.45

6.543 39.62

6.583 39.77

6.623 39.89

6.663 39.99

6.703 40.08

6.743 40.14

6.783 40.19

6.823 40.22

6.864 40.23

6.904 40.23

6.944 40.21

6.984 40.18

7.024 40.13

7.065 40.07

7.105 40.00

7.145 39.91

7.184 39.81

7.224 39.70

7.264 39.58

7.303 39.^6

7.343 39.32

7.382 39.17

7.421 39.01

7.460 38.85

7.499 38.68

7.537 38.50

7.576 38.32

7.614 38.12

7.652 37.93

7.690 37.73

7.727 37.52

7.765 37.31

7.802 37.09

7.839 36.87

7.876 36.65

7.912 36.43

7.949 36.20

7.985 35.97
8.021 35.74
8.056 35,50
8.092 35.27
8.127 35.03

8.162 34.79

T E

"C /iV

60 421.2

61 429.4

62 437.6

63 445.9

64 454.2

65 462.5

66 470.8

67 479.2

68 487.6

69 496.1

70 504.5

71 513.1

72 521.6

73 530.2

74 538.8

75 547.4

76 556.1

77 564.8

78 573.5

79 582,3

80 591,1

81 599.9

82 608.8

83 617.7

84 626.6

85 635.5

86 644.5

87 653.5

88 662.5

89 671.6

90 680.7

91 689.8

92 699.0

93 708.1

94 717.3

95 726.6

96 735.8

97 745.1

98 754.4

99 763.7

100 773.1

101 782.5

102 791.9

103 801.4

104 810.8

105 820.3

106 829.9

107 839.4

108 849.0

109 858.6

110 868.2

111 877.9

112 887.5

113 897.2

114 907.0

115 916.7

116 926.5

117 936.3

118 946.1

119 956.0

120 965.9

s

dS/dT

/iV/'C

8.162

34.79

8.196

34.55

8.231

34.31

8.265

34.08

8.299

33.84

8.333

33 . 60

8.366

33.36

8.399

33.13

8.432

32.89

8.465

32.66

8.498

32.42

8. 530

32.19

8.562

31.96

8.594

31.73

8.626

31.51

8.657

31.29

8.688

31.07

8.719

30.85

8.750

30.63

8.780

30.42

8.811

30.21

8.841

30.00

8.871

2 9.80

8.900

29.60

8.930

29.40

8. 959

29.21

8 . 988

29 . 02

9.017

2 8.83

9 . 046

2 8.65

9.074

28.47

9.103

28.30

9.131

28.12

9. 159

27.96

9.187

27.79

9.215

27.63

9.242 27.48

9.270 27.33

9.297 27.18

9.324 27.04

9.351 26.90

9.378 26.76

9.405 26.63

9.431 26.50

9.458 26.38

9.484 26.26

9.510 26.14

9.536 26.03

9.562 25.93

9.588 25.82

9.614 25.72

9.639 25.63

9.665 25.54

9.690 25.45

9.716 25.37

9.741 25.29

9.766 25.21

9.792 25.14

9.817 25.07

9.842 25.01

9.867 24.95

9.892 24.89

T E

"C |iV

120 965.9

121 975.8

122 985.7

123 995.7

124 1005.6

125 1015.6

126 1025.7

127 1035.7

128 1045.8

129 1055.9

130 1066.0

131 1076.2

132 1086.3

133 1096.5

134 1106.8

135 1117.0

136 1127.3

137 1137.6

138 1147.9

139 1158.3

140 1168.6

141 1179.0

142 1189.4

143 1199.9

144 1210.3

145 1220.8

146 1231.4

147 1241.9

148 1252.5

149 1263.1

150 1273.7

151 1284.3

152 1295.0

153 1305.7

154 1316.4

155 1327.1

156 1337.9

157 1348.7

158 1359.5

159 1370.3

160 1381.2

161 1392.1

162 1403.0

163 1413.9

164 1424.9

165 1435.8

166 1446.9

167 1457.9

168 1468.9

169 1480.0

170 1491.1

171 1502.3

172 1513.4

173 1524.6

174 1535.8

175 1547.1

176 1558.3

177 1569.6

178 1580.9

179 1592.3

180 1603.6

S dS/dT

9.892 24.89

9.917 24.83

9.941 24.78

9.966 24.74

9.991 24.69

10.016 24.65

10.040 24.62

10.065 24.58

10.089 24.55

10.114 24.52

10.138 24.50

10.163 24.48

10.187 24.46

10.212 24.44

10.236 24.43

10.261 24.41

10.285 24.41

10.309 24.40

10.334 24.40

10.358 24.39

10.383 24.39

10.407 24.40

10.431 24.40

10.456 24.41

10.480 24.42

10.505 24.43

10.529 24.44

10.554 24.45

10.578 24.47

10.602 24.49

10.627 24.50

10.651 24.52

10.676 24.54

10.701 24.57

10.725 24.59

10.750 24.61

10.774 24.64

10.799 24.66

10.824 24.69

10.848 24.72

10.873 24.75

10.898 24.78

10.923 24.81

10.948 24.84

10.972 24.87

10.997 24.90

11.022 24.93

11.047 24.96

11.072 24.99

11.097 25.02

11.122 25.05

11.147 25.08

11.172 25.11

11.197 25.14

11.223 25.17

11.248 25.20

11.273 25.23

11.298 25.26

11.323 25.29

11.349 25.31

11.374 25.34

193

Table 8.4.2. Type TP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt— 67 — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck

coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

"C

180

1603.6

181

1615.0

182

1626.4

183

1637.9

184

1649.3

185

1660.8

186

1672 . 3

187

1683.9

188

1695.4

189

1707.0

190

1718.6

191

1730.3

192

1741.9

193

1753.6

194

1765.4

195

1777.1

196

1788.9

197

1800.7

198

1812.5

199

1824.3

200

1836.2

201

1848. 1

202

1860.0

203

1872.0

204

1883.9

205

1895.9

206

1908.0

207

1920.0

208

1932.1

209

1944.2

210

1956.3

211

1968.5

212

1980. 7

213

1992.9

214

2005. 1

215

2017.4

216

2029.6

217

2042 .0

218

2054.3

219

2066.7

220

2079.0

221

2091.4

222

2103.9

223

2116.3

224

2128.8

225

2141.3

226

2153.9

227

2166.4

228

2179.0

229

2191.6

230

2204.3

231

2216.9

232

2229.6

233

2242.3

234

2255.1

235

2267.9

236

2280.6

237

2293.5

238

2306.3

239

2319.2

240

2332.0

S dS/dT

11.374 25.34

11.399 25.37

11.425 25.39

11.450 25,42

11.476 25.44

11.501 25.47

11.527 25.49

11.552 25.51

11.578 25.53

11.603 25.55

11.629 25.57

11.654 25.58

11.680 25.60

11.705 25.61

11.731 25.63

11.757 25.64

11.782 25.65

11.808 25.66

11.834 25.67

11.859 25.67

11.885 25.68

11.911 25.68

11.936 25.69

11.962 25.69

11.988 25.69

12.013 25.69

12.039 25.68

12.065 25.68

12.091 25.67

12.116 25.67

12.142 25.66

12.167 25.65

12.193 25.63

12.219 25.62

12.244 25.61

12.270 25.59

12.296 25.57

12.321 25.55

12.347 25.53

12.372 25.51

12.398 25.49

12.423 25.46

12.449 25.44

12.474 25.41

12.499 25.38

12.525 25.35

12.550 25.32

12.575 25.29

12.601 25.25

12.626 25.22

12.651 25.18

12.676 25.14

12.701 25.11

12.727 25.07

12.752 25.03

12.777 24.98

12.802 24.94

12.826 24.90

12.851 24.85

12.876 24.81

12.901 24.76

T

E

"C

uV

240

2332.0

241

2345.0

242

2357.9

243

2370.9

244

2383.8

245

2396.9

246

2409.9

247

2423.0

248

2436.0

249

2449.2

250

2462.3

251

2475.4

252

2488.6

253

2501.8

254

2515.1

255

2528.3

256

2541.6

257

2554.9

258

2568.2

259

2581.6

260

2595.0

261

2608. 3

262

2621.8

263

2635.2

264

2648.7

265

2662.2

266

2675.7

267

2689.2

268

2702.8

269

2716.4

270

2730.0

271

2743.6

272

2757.3

273

2771.0

274

2784.7

275

2798.4

276

2812. 1

277

2825.9

278

2839,7

279

2853.5

280

2867.4

281

2881.2

282

2895 . 1

283

2909.0

284

2922.9

285

2936.9

286

2950.9

287

2964.9

288

2978.9

289

2992.9

290

3007,0

291

3021. 1

292

3035.2

293

3049.3

294

3063. 5

295

3077.7

296

3091.9

297

3106. 1

298

3120,3

299

3134.6

300

3148.9

S dS/dT

12.901 24.76

12.926 24.71

12.950 24.67

12.975 24.62

13.000 24.57

13.024 24.52

13.049 24.47

13.073 24.42

13.097 24.37

13.122 24.32

13.146 24.26

13.170 24.21

13.195 24.16

13.219 24.11

13.243 24.05

13.267 24.00

13.291 23.95

13.315 23,90

13,339 23.84

13,362 23,79

13.386 23.74

13.410 23.69

13.433 23.63

13.457 23.58

13.481 23.53

13.504 23.48

13.528 23.43

13.551 23.38

13.574 23.33

13.598 23.28

13.621 23.23

13.644 23.19

13.667 23.14

13.690 23.10

13.713 23.05

13.737 23.01

13.760 22.97

13.782 22.92

13.805 22.88

13.828 22.85

13.851 22.81

13.874 22.77

13.897 22.74

13.919 22.70

13.942 22.67

13.965 22.64

13.987 22.61

14.010 22.58

14.032 22.55

14.055 22.53

14.077 22.50

14.100 22.48

14.122 22.46

14.145 22.44

14.167 22.42

14,190 22.41

14.212 22.39

14.235 22.38

14.257 22.37

14.279 22.36

14.302 22.35

T

E

"C

300

3148.9

301

3163.2

302

3177,5

303

3191,9

304

3206,3

305

3220,7

306

3235. 1

307

3249,6

308

3264,0

309

3278,5

310

3293.0

311

3307.6

312

3322. 1

313

3336.7

314

3351.3

315

3365.9

316

3380.6

317

3395.3

318

3409,9

319

3424,7

320

3439.4

321

3454.2

322

3468.9

323

3483.7

324

3498.6

325

3513,4

326

3528,3

327

3543 . 2

328

3558. 1

329

3573. 1

330

3588.0

331

3603.0

332

3618.0

333

3633.0

334

3.648. 1

335

3663.2

336

3678.3

337

3693.4

338

3708.6

339

3723.7

340

3738.9

341

3754.1

342

3769.4

343

3784.6

344

3799.9

345

3815.2

346

3830.5

347

3845,9

348

3861.3

349

3876,7

350

3892. 1

351

3907.5

352

3923.0

353

3938.5

354

3954.0

355

3969.5

356

3985.1

357

4000.7

358

4016.3

359

4031.9

360

4047. 5

S dS/ar

14.302 22.35

14.324 22.34

14.346 22.34

14.369 22.34

14.391 22.34

14.413 22.34

14.436 22.34

14.458 22.34

14.480 22.35

14.503 22.35

14.525 22.36

14.547 22.37

14.570 22.38

14.592 22.39

14.615 22.40

14.637 22.42

14,659 22.43

14,682 22.45

14.704 22.46

14.727 22.48

14.749 22.50

14.772 22.52

14.794 22.54

14.817 22.56

14.839 22.58

14.862 22.60

14.885 22.62

14.907 22.64

14.930 22.66

14.953 22.69

14.975 22.71

14.998 22.72

15.021 22.74

15.043 22.76

15.066 22.78

15.089 22.79

15.112 22.81

15.135 22.82

15.157 22.83

15.180 22.84

15.203 22.84

15.226 22.85

15.249 22.85

15.272 22.85

15.295 22.84

15.317 22.83

15.340 22.82

15.363 22.80

15.386 22.78

15.409 22.75

15.431 22.72

15.454 22.68

15.477 22.64

15.499 22.59

15.522 22.54

15.544 22.47

15.567 22.41

15.589 22.33

15.611 22.24

15.634 22.15

15.656 22.05

Table 8.4.2. Type TP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt— 67 — thermoelectric voltages, E(T), Seebeck
coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients, dS/dT,
reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

°C

360

4047.5

361

4063.2

362

4078.9

363

^09^ 6

364

4110.3

365

4126. 1

366

4141,9

367

4157.6

"3 A n
J o o

Zl 1 7 c:
*+ 1 I J 9 D

369

4189.3

370

4205.2

371

4221.0

372

4236.9

373

4252.9

374

4268.8

375

4284.8

S dS/dT

15.656 22.05

15.678 21.94

15.700 21.82

15.721 21.69

15.743 21.55

15.764 21,39

15.786 21.23

15.807 21.05

15.828 20.87

15.849 20.66

15.869 20.45

15.890 20.22

15.910 19.98

15.929 19.72

15.949 19.44

15.968 19,15

1

p

•c

uV

375

4284,8

376

4300.7

377

4316. 7

378

43 32.7

379

4348.8

380

4364. 8

381

4380.9

382

4397.0

383

4413.1

384

4429. 2

385

4445.3

386

4461.5

387

4477.7

388

4493.8

389

4510.0

390 4526.2

S dS/dT

15.968 19.15

15.987 18.84

16.006 18,51

16.024 18.17

16.042 17.81

16.060 17.42

16.077 17.02

16.094 16.59

16.110 16,14

16.126 15.67

16.142 15.18

16.157 14.66

16.171 14.12

16.185 13.55

16.198 12.95

16.211 12.33

T E

390 4526.2

391 4542.4

392 4558.7

393 4574.9

394 4591.2

395 4607.4

396 4623.7

397 4640.0

398 4656.3

399 4672.5

400 4688.8

c
o

UO ' U 1

f

16.211

12.33

16.223

11.68

16.234

11 .00

16.245

10 .29

16.255

9.55

16.264

3.77

16.272

7.97

16.280

7.13

16.286

6.25

16.292

5.34

16.297

4.39

195

Table 8.4.3. Thermoelectric values at the fixed points for Type TP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67

Temp.

E

S

dS/dT

Fixed point

op

mV/°C

nV/°C'

Helium NBP

— ZOO

yoo

19

92

0

171

-138.81

Hydrogen TP

— Zoy

14

99

_1

185

-131.90

Hydrogen NBP

— zoz.

O * LI

4

71

— 1

969

-110.82

Neon TP

9Afl

oyo

— 4

69

— 2

417

-99.00

Neon NBP

— Z^O

r\AR

— 11

16

— 2

661

-92.93

Oxygen TP

— Z J.O

i oy

— 110

98

— 4

373

-27.79

Nitrogen TP

910
— ZiU

uuz

— 150

14

— 4

501

-1.43

Nitrogen NBP

10"^
— iVO

ouz

— 212

90

— 4

255

33.56

Oxygen NBP

1 R9
— loZ

Of,')
yoz

— 264

20

_3

699

50.88

Carbon Dioxide SP

78

— ( o

— 330

38

2

347

51.71

Mercury FP

— oo

OOZ

— 197

99

4

277

43.32

Ice point*

A
U

uuu

0

0

5

881

32.40

Ether TP

Of,
zu

R7n
o i u

171

2

6

899

40.23

Water BP

773

1

9

378

26.76

Benzoic TP

T 99
IZZ

989

4

9

951

24.77

Indium FP

156

634

1344

7

10

790

24.66

Tin FP

231

9681

2229

2

12

701

25.11

Bismuth FP

271

442

2749

7

13

654

23.17

Cadmium FP

321

108

3455

8

14

774

22.52

Lead FP

327

502

3550

7

14

919

22.65

Mercury BP

356

660

3995,

4

15

582

22.36

*Junction point of different functions.

Table 8.4.4. Estimated maximum errors that occur when using reduced-bit arithmetic for the power series
expansion for the thermoelectric voltage of Type TP thermoelements versus platinum, Pt-67

Temperature range

Degree

Estimated maximum error in microvolts

12 Bit

16 Bit

24 Bit

27 Bit

36 Bit

-270 to -200 °C

14

(*)

(*)

5

4

<0.01

-200 to 0°C

14

(*)

100

0.3

0.3

<0.01

0 to 200 °C

9

1

0.1

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

200 to 400 °C

9

40

2

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

*A high-order polynomial with a low-bit machine causes extreme error.

8.5. Reference Functions and Tables for Plat-
inum, Pt— 67, Versus the ISegative Ther-
moelement, Type TN, a Copper-Nickel
AUoy

The coefficients for the thirteenth degree expansion
for the thermoelectric voUage of Pt-67 versus Type
TIN (or EN) thermoelements below 0 °C are given in
table 8.5.1. The coefficients for the ninth degree ex-
pansion above Q °C are also given in table 8.5.1. Errors
caused by using reduced-bit arithmetic for calculating
values of the functions are given in table 8.5.4.

The primary reference values for Pt-67 versus Type
TN (or EN) thermoelements are given in table 8.5.2.

Values at selected fixed points are given in table 8.5.3.
Graphs of the thermoelectric voltage, its first deriva-
tive (Seebeck coefficient), and second derivative are
given in figures 8.5.1, 8.5.2, and 8.5.3, respectively.

It should be stressed that Type TN (or EN)
thermocouple material that conforms closely to
the high temperature tabular values may not
necessarily conform closely at low temperatures
(below 0 °C) and vice versa. If Type TN (or EN)
thermoelements are to be used for accurate measure-
ments both above and below 0 °C, then the material
must be calibrated in the full temperature range, both
above and below 0 °C. Special selection of material
will usually be required.

196

Table 8.5.1. Power series expansion for the thermo-
electric voltage of platinum, Pt-67, versus Type TN
{or EN) thermoelements

Tempera-

ture

range

Degree

Coefficients

Term

—270 to

13

3.2860147666 X 10»

T

0 "C

2.4465371290 X 10""''

f2

-6.3070457030 X lO'^

f3

-5.0520527300 X lO-'

J-i

— 4.0652039120 X lO'^

f6

-1.8735086436 X 10-»

j'e

-3.9193498250 X lO'ii

r

-4.6073273946 X 10""

fS

-3.3208257016 X IQ-^''

J")

-1.5034792240 X 10""

fio

-4.1775287263 X lO^^o

fii

-6.5148906779 X 10'"

jij

-4 .3671808488 X lO""

fii

0 to

9

3.2860147666 X 10'

T

1000 °c

1.6988793174 X 10-^

ji

9.0773681956 X lO'^

■J'3

-5.5610808187 X 10"'

T*

1.5431959604 X lO""

-2.4838001634 X lO-i^

J'6

2.3389721459 X 10""

r

-1.1946296815 X lO'^'

2.5561127497 X 10""

-OA

0 04

TEMPERATURE ,°C

1.2x10

Figure 8.5.2. Seebeck coefficient for platinum, Pt-67, versus
Type TN (or EN) thermoelements.

The circles indicate values at various thermometric fixed points on the
IPTS-68.

-I l I I I \ I I 1 1 3

-0.4 0 0,4 0.8 1-2x10

TEMPERATURE," C

Figure 8.5.1. Thermoelectric voltage for platinum, Pt-67,
versus Type TN (or EN) thermoelements.

The circles indicate values at various thermometric fixed points on the
IPTS-68.

uooi 1 1 1 1 1 1 r

- i

csj 045 -

U
o

-0.051 I \ I \ I \ I I -

-04 0 0.4 0.8 1.2x10''

TEMPERATURE^C

Figure 8.5.3. Second derivative of thermoelectric voltage for
platinum, Pt-67, versus Type TN (or EN) thermoelements.

The circles indicate values at various thermometric fixed points on the
lfTS-68.

197

Table 8.5,2. Platinum, Pt— 67, versus Type TIS (or EI\) thermoelements — thermoelectric voltages,
E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients,
dS/dT, reference junctions atO °C

T E
•C

-270 -6277,2^

-269 -6276.29

-268 -627^.84

-267 -6272.92

-266 -6270.55

-265 -6261. lit

-264 -6264.51

-263 -6260.87

-262 -6256.82

-261 -6252.39

-260 -6247.56

-259 -6242.36

-258 -6236.78

-257 -6230.83

-256 -6224.52

-255 -6217.85

-254 -6210.81

-253 -6203.42

-252 -6195.68

-251 -6187.58

-250 -6179.14

-249 -6170.35

-248 -6161,22

-247 -6151.75

-246 -6141.94

-245 -6131.80

-244 -6121.33

-243 -6110.53
-242 : -6099.41

-241 -6087.97

-240 -6076.22

S dS/dT

/iVZ-C nVZ-C^

0.700 517.60

1.205 492.68

1.686 471.14

2.148 452.59

2.592 436.65

3.022 423.01

3.439 411.36

3.845 401.43

4,242 392.97

4.632 385.78

5.014 379.63

5,391 374.37

5.763 369.82

6,131 365.85

6.495 362.33

6.856 359.15

7.214 356.21

7.568 353.42

7.920 350.73

8,270 348.05

8.616 345.34

8.960 342.56

9.302 339.67

9.640 336.65

9.975 333.45

10.307 330.09

10.635 326.53

10.960 322.77

11.280 318,82

11.597 314.66

11.910 310.31

T E

-240 -6076,22

-239 -6064.15

-238 -6051.78

-237 -6039.11

-236 -6026.14

-235 -6012.89

-234 -5999.34

-233 -5985.52

-232 -5971.42

-231 -5957,05

-230 -5942.42

-229 -5927.52

-228 -5912.38

-227 -5896.99

-226 -5881.36

-225 -5865.49

-224 -5849.39

-223 -5833.08

-222 -5816.54

-221 -5799.79

-220 -5782.83

-219 -5765,68

-218 -5748,32

-217 -5730.78

-216 -5713,06

-215 -5695,15

-214 -5677,07

-213 -5658,82

-212 -5640.41

-211 -5621.83

-210 -5603.10

S dS /dT

11,910 310.31

12.218 305.77

12.521 301.05

12.820 296.16

13.113 291,11

13,402 285.91

13.685 280.58

13.963 275,14

14.235 269,59

14,502 263.96

14.763 258.26

15.019 252.51

15.268 246.72

15.512 240.91

15.750 235.09

15,982 229,28

16.209 223.50

16,429 217.74

16.644 212.04

16.853 206.40

17.057 200.83

17.255 195.34

17.448 189.95

17.635 184.65

17.817 179.47

17.994 174.40

18.166 169.46

18.333 164.64

18.495 159,96

18.653 155.42

18.806 151.01

T

E

"C

aV

-210

-5603.10

—5584.22

-208

-5565.19

-207

-5546.02

-206

-5526.71

-205

-5507.27

— 204

— 5487.69

-203

-5467.99

-202

-5448,16

-201

-5428,22

-200

-5408,15

_ 1 Q Q

— "3 fl 7 Q 7
3 J O f • 7 f

-198

-5367,68

-197

-5347,27

-196

-5326,76

-195

-5306. 15

-194

—5285.43

-193

-5264.61

-192

-6243,70

-191

-5222.69

-190

-5201.58

-189

-5180,39

-188

-5159, 10

-187

-5137,72

-186

-5116.26

-185

-5094. 70

-184

-5073.07

-183

-5051.35

-182

-5029.54

-181

-5007.66

-180

-4985,69

S dS/dT

18.806 151.01

18.955 146.75

19.100 142.64

19.240 138.67

19.377 134.86

19.610 131,18

19.640 127,66

19.765 124.28

19.888 121.04

20.008 117.95

20.124 115.00

20.238 112.19

20.348 109.51

20.457 106.96

20.562 104.54

20.666 102.24

20.767 100.06

20.866 98,00

20.963 96.05

21.058 94.21

21.151 92.47

21.243 90.83

21.333 89,28

21.422 87.81

21.509 86.44

21.595 85.14

21.679 83.92

21,762 82,76

21.845 81.68

21.926 80.65

22.006 79.69

198

Table 8.5.2. Platinum, Pt-67, versus Type TN (or El\) thermoelements — thermoelectric voltages,

E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients,
dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T E

180 -^985.69

179 -4963.65

178 -4941.52

177 -4919.32

176 -4897.04

175 -4874.68

174 -4852.25

173 -4829.75

172 -4807.17

171 -4784.51

170 -4761.78

169 -4738.98

168 -4716,11

167 -4693.17

166 -4670.16

165 -4647.07

164 -4623,92

163 -4600.69

162 -4577,40

161 -4554.04

160 -4530.61

159 -4507.11

158 -4483.55

157 -4459.91

156 -4436.22

155 -4412.45

154 -4388.62

153 -4364,72

152 -4340.76

151 -4316.74

150 -4292.64

149 -4268.49

148 -4244,27

147 -4219,99

146 -4195,64

145 -4171,23

144 -4146,75

143 -4122,22

142 -4097,62

141 -4072,96

140 -4048,24

139 -4023,45

138 -3998,60

137 -3973,70

136 -3948,73

135 -3923,70

134 -3898,60

133 -3873,45

132 -3848,24

131 -3822,96

130 -3797,63

129 -3772,23

128 -3746,78

127 -3721,26

126 -3695,68

125 -3670,05

124 -3644,35

123 -3618,59

122 -3592,77

121 -3566,89

120 -3540,95

S dS/dT

22,006 79,69

22,085 78,78

22.164 77.92

22.241 77.10

22.318 76.34

22.394 75,61

22.469 74,91

22.544 74,26

22,618 73.63

22.691 73.03

22,764 72,46

22,836 71,91

22,907 71,39

22,979 70,89

23.049 70.40

23.119 69.93

23.189 69.48

23.258 69.04

23.327 68.62

23.396 68.21

23.464 67.81

23.531 67.42

23.598 67.04

23.665 66.67

23.732 66.31

23.798 65.96

23.864 65.62

23.929 65.29

23.994 64,97

24,059 64,66

24,124 64,36

24.188 64.07

24.252 63,78

24,315 63,51

24,379 63,25

24,442 62,99

24.505 62,75

24,567 62,52

24.630 62.30

24.692 62.09

24.754 61,89

24.816 61.71

24.877 61.53

24.939 61.37

25,000 61,22

25,061 61,08

25.122 60.96

25.183 60.84

25.244 60,74

25.305 60.65

25.365 60.57

25.426 60.50

25.486 60.45

25.547 60.40

25.607 60.36

25.667 60.34

25.728 60.32

25.788 60.31

25.848 60.31

25.909 60.32

25,969 60,34

T E

-120 -3540,95

-119 -3514,96

-118 -3488,90

-117 -3462,78

-116 -3436.60

-115 -3410.35

-114 -3384.05

-113 -3357.69

-112 -3331.27

-111 -3304.79

-110 -3278.24

-109 -3251.64

-108 -3224.97

-107 -3198.25

-106 -3171.46

-105 -3144.61

-104 -3117.70

-103 -3090.73

-102 -3063.70

-101 -3036.61

-100 -3009.46

-99 -2982.25

-98 -2954.97

-97 -2927.64

-96 -2900,24

-95 -2872,78

-94 -2845,26

-93 -2817,69

-92 -2790,05

-91 -2762,35

-90 -2734.58

-89 -2706.76

-88 -2678.88

-87 -2650.94

-86 -2622.94

-85 -2594.87

-84 -2566.75

-83 -2538.57

-82 -2510.33

-81 -2482.02

-80 -2453.66

-79 -2425,24

-78 -2396,76

-77 -2368,22

-76 -2339,62

-75 -2310.97

-74 -2282.25

-73 -2253,48

-72 -2224,65

-71 -2195.76

-70 -2166.81

-69 -2137.80

-68 -2108.74

-67 -2079.62

-66 -2050.44

-65 -2021.20

-64 -1991.91

-63 -1962.56

-62 -1933.15

-61 -1903.69

-60 -1874.17

S dS/dT

25.969 60.34

26.029 60.36

26.090 60.38

26.150 60.42

26.211 60,45

26.271 60,49
26,332 60,53
26,392 60,58
26,453 60,62
26,513 60,67

26,574 60,71

26,635 60,75

26,696 60,80

26,756 60,83

26,817 60,37

26,878 60.90

26.939 60.93

27.000 60.95

27.061 60.96

27.122 60.97

27.183 60.98

27.244 60.97

27,305 60,96

27.366 60.94

27.427 60.91

27.488 60.87

27.548 60,82
27,609 60,77
27,670 60,70
27,731 60.63

27.791 60,55

27,852 60,46

27.912 60.36

27.972 60.26

28.033 60.15

28,093 60.03

28.153 59.90

28.213 59.77

28.272 59,63
28,332 59,49

28,391 59,34

28,451 59,19

28,510 59,04

28.569 58,88

28,627 58,73

28,686 58,57

28,745 58.41

28.803 58.26

28.861 58.10

28.919 57.95

28.977 57,80

29,035 57,66

29.092 57.52

29.150 57.39

29.207 57.26

29,264 57,14

29,321 57,03

29,378 56,93

29,435 56,83

29,492 56,75

29.549 56,67

T

E

•c

-60

-1874,17

-59

-1844 ,59

-58

-1814,96

-57

-1785,27

-56

-1755,52

-55

-172 5.72

-54

-1695,86

-53

-1665.94

-52

-1635.97

-51

-1605 , 94

-50

-1575.86

—49

—1545. 72

-48

-1515,52

-47

-1485,26

-46

— 1454,95

-45

-1424, 59

-44

— 1 394 ,16

-43

-1363.68

-42

-1333. 14

-41

-1302 . 55

-40

-1271.90

-39

-1241.19

-38

-1210,43

-37

-1179.60

-36

-1148. 73

-35

—1117.79

-34

— i0o6« oO

-33

-1055.75

-32

-1024,64

-31

—993,48

-30

-962 , 26

-29

-930 , 98

-28

-899,66

-27

-868,26

-26

-836,81

-25

-805.30

-24

-773.74

-23

-742.13

-22

-710.46

-21

—678 .73

-20

-646 . 94

-19

-615.10

-18

-583.21

-17

-551.26

-16

-519.25

- 1 5

-487.20

-14

-455.08

-13

-422.91

-12

-390.69

-11

-3 58.42

-10

-326.09

—9

-293,72

—8

—26 1,28

-7

-228,80

-6

-196,27

-5

-163,68

-4

-131,05

-3

-98,36

-2

-65.62

-1

-32.84

0 0.00

S dS/dT

29.549 56.67

29.605 56.60

29.662 56.55

29.718 56.50

29,775 56,46

29,831 56.43

29.888 56.41

29.944 56.40

30.001 56.40

30.057 56.41

30,113 56,42

30,170 56,45

30,226 56,48

30,283 56,51

30,339 56,55

30,396 56,59

30,453 56,64

30.509 56,68

30,566 56,73

30.623 56.78

30.679 56.82

30.736 56.86

30.793 56.90

30.850 56.93

30.907 56.95

30.964 56.97

31.021 56.97

31.078 56.97

31.135 56.95

31.192 56.92

31.249 56.87

31,306 56,81

31,362 56,73

31,419 56.64

31,476 56.53

31.532 56.40

31.588 56.25

31,645 56,08

31,701 55.90

31.756 55.70

31.812 55,48

31,867 55,24

31.922 54.98

31.977 54.72

32.032 54.43

32.086 54.14

32.140 53.83

32.194 53.51

32.247 53.18

32.300 52,84

32.353 52,50

32,405 52,15

32,457 51,80

32,509 51,45

32,560 51.10

32,611 50,74

32.661 50,39

32.712 50,03

32.762 49.67

32.811 49.30

32.860 33.98

199

Table 8.5.2. Platinum, Pt— 67, versus Type TN (or EIS) thermoelements — thermoelectric voltages,
E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients,
dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T E

0

0,0

1

32.9

2

65.8

3

98.7

131.7

5

164.7

6

197.8

7

2 30,9

8

2 64.0

9

297,2

1 0

3 30.4

1 1

363.6

1 2

396 . 9

1 3

430 . 2

1^

453.6

1 5

497.0

16

5 30.4

1 7

563.9

1 8

597. 5

19

631.0

2 0

664.6

2 1

698.3

22

732.0

23

765.7

2A

799.5

2 5

833.3

26

867.2

27

901 . 1

28

935.1

29

969.1

30

1003 . 1

31

1037.2

32

1071.4

33

1105.5

3h

1139.8

35

1174.1

36

1208.4

37

1242 . 7

38

1277.2

39

1311.6

40

1346. 1

41

1380,7

42

1415,3

43

1449,9

44

1484,6

45

1519,4

46

1554.2

47

1589.0

48

1623.9

49

1658.8

50

1693 . 8

51

1728,8

52

1763,9

53

1799,0

54

1834.2

55

1869,4

56

1904.7

57

1940,0

58

1975.4

59

2010.8

60

2046.3

S dS/dT

32.860 33.98

32.894 34.52

32.929 35.04

32.964 35.55

33.000 36.05

33.037 36,54

33.073 37.01

33.111 37.47

33.148 37.92

33.186 38.36

33.225 38.79

33.264 39.20

33.303 39.60

33.343 40,00

33,383 40,38

33,424 40,75

33,465 41.11

33.506 41.45

33.548 41.79

33.590 42.12

33.632 42.44

33.675 42.74

33.718 43,04
33.761 43.33
33,804 43,61

33,848 43,88

33,892 44,14

33,936 44,39

33.981 44.63

34.025 44.86

34.070 45.09

34.116 45.30

34.161 45,51

34,207 45,71

34,252 45,90

34,298 46,08

34,345 46.26

34.391 46.42

34.437 46,58

34,484 46,74

34,531 46,88

34,578 47,02

34,625 47,15

34,672 47,27

34.719 47,39

34,767 47,50

34,814 47,60

34,862 47,70

34,910 47,79

34,958 47.87

35.006 47,95

35,054 48,02

35,102 48,09

35,150 48,14

35,198 48,20

35,246 48,25

35,294 48,29

35.343 48.33

35.391 48.36

35,439 48,39

35,488 48,41

T

b.

"C

60

2046 , 3

61

2081,8

62

2117.3

63

2152.9

64

2188.6

65

2 2 24 . 3

66

2260. 1

67

2295.9

O O

2 3 31.7

69

2367.6

7 A

9 A n "5 A

^1 H U J3 . O

71

2439.6

72

2475.6

7 3

Z 5 1 1 • /

74

2547 • 8

7 s

2 5 84 • 0

76

2620*3

77

2656.5

7 O

2 692 • 9

7 Q

2 729 • 3

ft C\
O U

81

2802.2

82

2838.7

8 3

2 875 • 3

8 4

29 1 1 • 9

O J

"? Q /i ft f-^

86

2985.3

87

3022,0

8 8

30 58,8

O 7

JU V5 , /

90

3132.6

91

3169.6

92

3206.6

93

3243 , 6

94

32 80.7

95

3317,8

96

3355,0

97

3392.3

9 8

3429,5

9 9

3466 . 9

100

3 504 • 2

101

3541.7

102

3579. 1

10 3

3616.6

104

3654. 2

i u ?

3691.8

106

3729.4

107

3767. 1

108

3804. 9

109

3 842.6

1 1 ri
i iU

111

3918.3

112

3956.3

i i J

■a Q Q /i 9

114

4032.2

115

4070.3

116

4108.4

117

4146.5

118

4184. 7

119

4222.9

120

4261.2

S dS/dT

35.488 48.41

35.536 48.42

35.585 48.43

35.633 48.44

35,682 48,44

35,730 48.44

35.778 48.43

35.827 48.42

35.875 48.40

35.924 48.38

35.972 48.36

36.020 48.33

36.069 48.30
36.117 48.26
36.165 48.22

36,213 48,17

36.262 48,12

36,310 48,07

36,358 48,02

36.406 47.96

36.464 47.89

36.501 47.83

36.549 47.76

36.597 47.69

36.645 47.61

36.692 47.53

36.740 47.45

36.787 47.37

36.834 47.28

36.882 47.19

36.929 47.10

36.976 47.00

37.023 46.91

37.070 46.80
37,116 46,70

37,163 46,60

37,210 46,49

37.256 46.38

37.302 46.27

37.349 46,15

37.395 46.04

37.441 45.92

37,487 45,80

37.532 45.68

37.578 45.56

37.623 45.43

37.669 45.30

37.714 45.17

37.759 45.04

37.804 44.91

37.849 44,78

37,894 44,64

37.938 44.51

37.983 44.37

38.027 44.23

38.071 44.09
38.115 43.95
38,159 43,81
38,203 43,66
38,246 43.52

38.290 43.37

T E

120 4261.2

121 4299.5

122 4337.8

123 4376.2

124 4414.7

125 4453.2

126 4491.7

127 4530.3

128 4568.9

129 4607.5

130 4646.2

131 4684.9

132 4723.7

133 4762.5

134 4801.4

135 4840.3
1,36 4879.3

137 4918.2

138 4957.3

139 4996.3

140 5035,4

141 5074.6

142 5113.8

143 5153.0

144 5192.3

145 5231.6

146 5270.9

147 5310,3

148 5349.7

149 5389,2

150 5428,7

151 5468,2

152 5507,8

153 5547,4

154 5587.1

155 5626.8

156 5666.5

157 5706.3

158 5746.1

159 5785.9

160 5825.8

161 5865.7

162 5905.7

163 5945,7

164 5985,7

165 6025,8

166 6065.9

167 6106.0

168 6146,2

169 6186,4

170 6226.7

171 6266.9

172 6307.3

173 6347.6

174 6388.0

175 6428.4

176 6468.9

177 6509.4

178 6549.9

179 6590.5

180 6631.0

S dS/dT

38.290 43.37

38.333 43.23

38.376 43,08

38.419 42.93

38.462 42.78

38.505 42,63

38,547 42,48

38,590 42,32

38.632 42.17

38.674 42.02

38.716 41.86

38.758 41.71

38.799 41.55

38.841 41.40

38.882 41.24

38.923 41.09

38.964 40,93

39,005 40,77

39.046 40.61

39.086 40.45

39.127 40.30

39.167 40.14

39,207 39,98

39.247 39.82

39.287 39.66

39.326 39.50

39.366 39.34

39.405 39.18

39.444 39.02

39.483 38.86

39.522 38.70

39.560 38.54

39.599 38.38

39.637 38.22

39.675 38.06

39.713 37.90

39.751 37.74

39.789 37.58

39.826 37.42

39.864 37.26

39.901 37.10

39.938 36.94

39.975 36.78

40.011 36.62

40.048 36.46

40.084 36.30

40.121 36.15

40.157 35,99

40,192 35,83

40.228 35.67

40.264 35.52

40.299 35.36

40.335 35.21

40.370 35.05

40.405 34.89

40.439 34.74

40,474 34.59

40.509 34.43

40.543 34.28

40.577 34,13

40.611 33.97

200

Table 8.5.2. Platinum, Pt— 67, versus Type TN ( or EIS ) thermoelements — thermoelectric voltages,
E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients,
dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

C

180

6631,0

181

6671. 7

182

6712.3

183

6753.0

184

6793 . 8

185

6834.5

186

6875.3

187

6916.1

188

6957.0

189

6997.9

190

7038.8

191

7079. 8

192

7120,8

193

7161.8

194

7202 , 9

195

7244 , 0

196

72 85.1

197

7326.2

198

7367.4

199

7408 .6

200

7449 . 9

201

7491 . 1

202

7532.5

203

7573.8

204

7615.2

2 0 5

76 56.6

206

7698.0

207

7739.4

208

7780.9

209

7822 , 5

210

7864.0

211

7905.6

212

7947.2

213

7988.8

214

8030.5

215

8072 . 2

216

8113,9

217

8155,7

218

8197.5

219

82 39 , 3

2 2 0

8281,1

2 21

8 323,0

222

8364,9

223

8406, 8

224

8448 , 8

225

8490,7

226

8532,8

227

8574,8

228

8616,9

229

8659 .0

230

8701 . 1

231

8743 . 2

232

8785.4

233

8827.6

234

8869.8

235

8912.1

236

8954.4

237

8996.7

238

9039,0

239

9081,4

240 9123,7

S dS/dT

40.611 33.97
40.645 33.82
40.679 33.67
40.713 33.52
40.746 33.37

40.779 33.22

40.612 33.07
40.845 32.92
40.878 32,78

40.911 32,63

40,944 32.48

40.976 32.34

41.008 32.19

41.040 32.05

41.072 31.90

41.104 31.76

41.136 31.62

41.167 31.48

41,199 31,33

41.230 31,19

41,261 31.05

41.292 30.91

41.323 30.77

41.354 30.64

41.384 30.50

41.415 30.36

41.445 30.23

41.475 30.09

41.505 29.96

41.535 29.82

41.565 29.69

41.594 29.56

41.624 29.43

41.653 29.29

41.682 29.16

41.712 29.04

41.741 28.91

41.769 28.78

41.798 28.65

41.827 28.52

41.855 28.40

41.884 28.27

41.912 28.15
41.940 28.03
41.968 27.90

41.996 27.78

42.023 27.66

42.051 27.54

42.078 27.42

42.106 27.30

42.133 27.18

42.160 27.06

42,187 26.95

42.214 26.83

42.241 26.71

42.267 26.60

42.294 26.48

42.320 26.37

42.347 26.26

42.373 26.15

42.399 26.03

T

E

"C

240

9123.7

241

9166.2

242

9208.6

243

9251. 1

244

9293.5

245

93 36. 1

246

9378 . 6

247

9421.2

248

9463.8

249

9506.4

250

9549. 0

251

9591.7

252

9634,4

253

9677. 1

2 54

9719.8

255

9762 . 6

256

9805 .4

257

9848.2

258

9891.0

2 59

9933.9

260

9976 . 8

261

100 19. 7

262

10062.6

263

10105.6

264

10148.6

265

10191.6

2 66

10 2 34.6

267

10277.7

268

10320.7

2 69

1 n A ^ Q

X U _> D J . O

270

X VJ H- U f . >J

271

10450.1

272

10493.3

273

10536.5

274

10579.7

275

10622.9

276

J. W U UU .

277

10709.4

278

10752.7

279

10 796. 1

2 80

10839.4

2 81

282

10926.2

283

10969.6

284

11013.0

285

1 1056 . 5

286

1 1100. 0

287

11143.5

288

11187.0

2 89

112 30,5

2 90

1 1274 . 1

291

11317.7

292

1 1361 a 3

293

11404.9

294

11448.6

295

11492.2

296

11535.9

297

11579.6

298

11623.4

299

11667. 1

300 11710,9

S dS/dT

42.399 26.03

42.425 25.92

42.451 25.81

42.477 25.71

42.502 25.60

42.528 25.49

42.553 25.38

42.579 25.28

42.604 25.17

42.629 25.06

42.654 24.96

42.679 24.86

42.704 24.75

42.728 24.65

42.753 24.55

42.777 24.45

42.802 24.35

42.826 24.25

42.850 24.15

42.874 24.05

42.898 23.95

42.922 23.86

42.946 23.76

42.970 23.66

42,993 23,57

43.017 23.47

43.040 23.38

43.064 23.29

43.087 23.19

43.110 23.10

43.133 23.01

43.156 22.92

43.179 22.83

43.202 22.74

43.225 22.65

43.247 22.56

43.270 22.47

43.292 22.38

43.314 22,30

43.337 22.21

43.359 22.13

43.381 22.04

43.403 21.95

43,425 21.87

43,447 21.79

43.468 21.70

43.490 21.62

43.512 21.54

43.533 21.46

43,555 21.37

43.576 21.29

43.597 21.21

43.618 21.13

43.639 21.05

43.660 20.97

43.681 20.89

43.702 20.82

43.723 20.74

43.744 20.66

43.764 20.58

43.785 20.51

T

E

•c

mV

300

11710.9

301

11754.7

302

11798.5

303

11842.4

304

11886, 2

1 1930 • 1

306

11974 . 0

307

12017.9

308

12061.8

3n9

12105.8

J 1 u

12149. 8

311

12193.8

312

12237.8

313

12281.8

314

12 325.9

315

1 2369 . 9

316

317

12458.2

318

12502.3

X ^ UH- D . H-

320

12590 • 6

3 21

1 ? A T 6. . ft

322

12679.0

323

12723.2

324

12767.5

325

12811.7

326

12856.0

327

12900.3

328

12944.7

329

12 98 9.0

-» -J ij

1 3033 • 4

J J I.

1 3 07 7 • 7

332

13122.1

333

13166.5

334

13211.0

335

13255.4

336

13299.9

337

13344.4

338

13383.9

3 39

340

1347 7.9

341

13 522.5

342

13567.1

343

13611.7

344

13656 . 3

345

13700.9

346

13745 • 5

347

13790.2

348

13834.9

349

138 79.6

3 50

13924. 3

3 51

X J 7 D 7 . U

352

14013.8

353

14058.5

354

14103.3

355

14148.1

356

14192.9

357

14237.7

358

14282.6

359

14327.5

360 14372.3

S dS/dT

43.785 20.51

43.805 20.43
43.826 20.35
43.846 20.28
43.866 20.20

43.886 20.13

43.907 20.05

43.927 19.98

43.947 19.91

43.966 19.83

43.986 19.76

44.006 19.69

44.026 19.62

44.045 19.54

44.065 19.47

44.084 19.40

44.103 19.33

44.123 19.26

44.142 19.19

44.161 19.12

44.180 19.05

44.199 18.98

44.218 18.91

44.237 18.84

44.256 18.77

44.275 18.70

44.293 18.64

44.312 18.57

44.330 18.50

44.349 18.43

44.367 18.37

44.386 18.30

44.404 18.23

44.422 18.17

44.440 18.10

44.458 18.03

44.476 17.97

44.494 17.90

44.512 17.83

44.530 17.77

44.548 17.70

44.565 17.64

44.583 17.57

44.600 17.51

44.618 17.44

44.635 17.38

44.653 17.32

44.670 17.25

44.687 17.19

44.704 17.12

44.721 17.06

44.738 17.00

44.755 16.93

44.772 16.87

44.789 16.80

44.806 16.74
44.823 16.68
44.839 16.61
44.856 16.55
44.872 16.49

44.889 16.42

201

Table 8.5.2. Platinum, Pt— 67, versus Type TN ( or EN ) thermoelements — thermoelectric voltages,
E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients,
dS/dT, reference junctions atO °C — Continued

T E
"C

360 14372.3

361 14417.2

362 14462.1

363 14507,1

364 14552.0

S dS/dT

44.889 16.42

44.905 16.36

44.922 16.30

44.938 16.24

44.954 16.17

T E
°C

420 17093.0

421 17138.7

422 17184.5

423 17230.3

424 17276.1

S dS/dT

/iV/°C nV/»C^

45.761 12.64

45.774 12.58

45.786 12.51

45.799 12.45

45.811 12.38

T E
"C /iV

480 19859.0

481 19905.4

482 19951.8

483 19998.3

484 20044.7

S dS/dT

/xV/°C nV/'C^

46.400 8.61

46.409 8.54

46.417 8.47

46.426 8.40

46.434 8.33

365 14597.0

366 14642.0

367 14687.0

368 14732.0

369 14777.0

44.970 16.11

4^.986 16.05

45.002 15.99

45.018 15.92

45.034 15.86

425 17321.9

426 17367.8

427 17413,6

428 17459.5

429 17505.3

45.324 12.32

45.836 12.25

45.848 12.18

45.860 12.12

45.872 12.05

485 20091.1

486 20137.6

487 20184.0

488 20230.5

489 20277.0

46.442 8.26

46.451 8.19

46.459 8.12

46.467 8.05

46.475 7.98

370 14822.0

371 14867.1

372 14912.2

373 14957.3

374 15002.4

45.050 15.80

45.066 15.74

45.081 15.67

45.097 15.61

45.113 15.55

430 17551.2

431 17597.1

432 17643.0

433 17688.9

434 17734.8

45.884 11.99

-^5.896 11.92

-^5.908 11.86

45.920 11.79

45.932 11.73

490 20323.5

491 20369.9

492 20416.4

493 20462.9

494 20509.4

46.483 7.91

46.491 7.84

46.498 7.78

46.506 7.71

46.514 7.64

375 15047.5

376 15092.6

377 15137.8

378 15182.9

379 15228.1

45.128 15.49

45.144 15.42

45.159 16.36

45.174 15.30

45.190 15.24

435 17780.8

436 17826.7

437 17872.7

438 17918.7

439 17964.6

45.944 11.66

45.955 11.59

45.967 11.53

45.978 11.46

45.990 11.39

495 20556.0

496 20602.5

497 20649.0

498 20695.6

499 20742.1

46.521 7.57

46.529 7.50

46.536 7.43

46.544 7.36

46.551 7.29

380 15273.3

381 15318.5

382 15363.8

383 15409,0

384 15454,3

385 15499.5

386 15544.8

387 15590.1

388 15635.4

389 15680,8

390 15726,1

391 15771.5

392 15816.8

393 15862.2

394 15907.6

45.205 15.17

45.220 15.11

45.235 15.05

45.250 14.99

45.265 14.92

45.280 14.86

45.295 14.80

45.309 14.74

45.324 14.67

45.339 14.61

45,353 14,55

45.368 14.48

45.382 14.42

45.397 14.36

45.411 14.30

440

18010.6

441

18056.6

442

18102.7

443

18148.7

444

18194.7

445

18240.8

446

18286.9

447

18332.9

448

18379.0

449

18425. 1

450

18471.2

451

18517.3

452

18563.5

453

18609.6

454

18655.7

46.001 11.33

46.012 11.26

46.024 11.19

46.036 11.13

46.0'^6 11.06

46.057 10.99

46.068 10.93

46.079 10.86

46.090 10.79

46.100 10.73

46.111 10.66

46.122 10.59

46.132 10.52

46.143 10.46

46.153 10.39

500

20788.7

501

20836.2

502

20881.8

503

20928.4

504

20975.0

505

21021.5

506

21068,1

507

21114.7

508

21161,4

509

21208.0

510

21264.6

511

21301.2

512

21347.9

513

21394.5

514 ■

21441.2

46.568 7.22

46.566 7.15

46.573 7.08

46,580 7,01

46.587 6.94

46.594 6.87

46.600 6.80

46.607 6.74

46.614 6.67

46.621 6.60

46.627 6.53

46.634 6.46

46.640 6.39

46.646 6.32

46.653 6.25

395

15953.1

396

15998.5

397

16043.9

398

16089.4

399

16134.9

400

16180.4

401

16225.9

402

16271.4

403

16316.9

404

16362.5

40 5

16408.0

406

16453.6

407

16499. 2

408

16544.8

40 9

16590.4

410

16636.0

411

16681.6

412

16727.3

413

16773.0

414

16818.6

415

16864.3

416

16910.0

417

16955.7

418

17001.5

419

17047.2

420

17093.0

45.425 14.23

45.440 14.17

45.454 14.11

45.468 14.04

45.482 13.98

46.496 13.92

45.510 13.85

45,523 13,79

45.537 13.73

45.551 13.66

45.564 13.60

45.578 13.54

45.592 13.47

45.605 13.41

45.618 13.35

45.632 13.28

45.645 13.22

45.658 13.15

45.671 13.09

45.684 13.03

45.697 12.96

45.710 12.90

45.723 12.83

45.736 12.77

45.749 12.70

46.761 12.64

455 18701.9

456 18748.1

457 18794.2

458 18840.4

459 18886.6

460 18932.8

461 18979.1

462 19025.3

463 19071.5

464 19117.8

465 19164.0

466 19210.3

467 19256.6

468 19302.9

469 19349.2

470 19395.6

471 19441.8

472 19488.1

473 19534.4

474 19580.8

475 19627,1

476 19673.5

477 19719.9

478 19766.2

479 19812.6

480 19869.0

46. 163

10.32

46.174

10.25

46. 184

10.19

46. 194

10.12

46.204

10.05

46.214

9.98

46.224

9.91

46.234

9.85

46.244

9.78

46.254

9.71

46.263

9.64

46.273

9.57

46.282

9.50

46.292

9.43

46.301

9.37

46.311

9.30

46.320

9.23

46.329

9.16

46.338

9.09

46.347

9.02

46.356

8.95

46.365

8.88

46.374

8.81

46.383

8.75

46.391

8.68

46.400

8.61

615 21487.8

516 21534.6

517 21581.1

518 21627.8

519 21674.5

520 21721.2

521 21767.9

522 21814.6

523 21861.3

524 21908.0

525 21954.7

526 22001.4

527 22048.1

528 22094.9

529 22141.6

530 22188.4

531 22235.1

532 22281.9

533 22328.6

534 22375.4

535 22422.1

536 22468.9

537 22515.7

538 22562.5
639 22609.2

540 22656.0

46.659

6.18

46.665

6.11

46.671

6.05

46.677

6.98

46.683

5.91

46. 689

5.84

46.695

5.77

46. 701

5.70

46,706

5.63

46,712

6.57

46.717

5.50

46.723

6.43

46.72 8

5.36

46.734

5.29

46.739

5.23

46.744

5.16

46.749

5.09

46.754

5.02

46.759

4.95

46.764

4.89

46.769

4.82

46,774

4.75

46.778

4.69

46.783

4.62

46.788

4.55

46.792 4.49

202

I

Table 8.5.2. Platinum, Pt— 67, versus Type TN ( or EN ) thermoelements — thermoelectric voltages,
E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients,
dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

s

/iV

,,\i/or

540

22656.0

46.792

541

22702.8

46.797

642

22749.6

46 . 801

543

22796.4

46.805

544

22843.2 -

46.810

545

22890. 1

46.814

546

22936.9

46. 818

547

22983 . 7

46.822

548

23030.5

46.826

549

23077.3

46.830

550

23124.2

46.834

551

23171.0

46.838

552

2 3 217.8

46.841

553

23264.7

46.845

554

23311.5

46.849

555

23358.4

46. 852

556

23405.2

46.856

5 57

23452 • 1

46.859

558

23499.0

46.862

559

23545.8

46.866

560

23592.7

46.869

561

23639.6

46.872

562

23686.4

46 . 875

563

23733.3

46.878

564

23780.2

46.881

565

23827.1

46.884

566

23874.0

46.887

567

23920 • 8

46 . 889

568

23967.7

46.892

569

24014.6

46.895

570

24061.5

46.897

571

24108.4

46.900

572

24155.3

46 . 902

573

24202.2

46.905

574

24249. 1

46.907

575

24296.0

46.909

576

24343.0

46.912

577

24389.9

46.914

578

24436.8

46.916

579

24483.7

46.918

580

24530.6

46.920

581

24577.5

46.922

582

24624 . 5

46 . 924

583

24671.4

46.926

584

24718,3

46.927

585

24765.2

46.929

586

24812.2

46.931

587

24859 . 1

46.9 32

588

24906.0

46.934

589

24953.0

46.935

590

24999.9

46.937

591

25046.8

46.938

592

25093.8

46.939

593

25140.7

46.940

594

25187.7

46.942

595

25234.6

46.943

596

25281.5

46.944

597

25328.5

46.945

598

25375.4

46.946

599

25422.4

46.947

600 25469.3 46.947

dS/dT

T

E

M V/ \^

fiw

4.49

600

25469.3

4.42

601

25516.3

4.35

602

25563 . 2

4.29

603

25610.2

4.22

604

25657. 1

4.15

605

25704. 1

4.09

606

25751.0

4.02

607

2 5798 , 0

3.96

608

25844.9

3.89

609

25891.9

3.83

610

25938.8

3.76

611

25985.8

3 . 70

612

26032.7

3.63

613

26079.7

3.57

614

26126.6

3.50

615

26173.6

3.44

616

26220.6

3.37

617

26267 . 5

3.31

618

26314.5

3.25

619

26361 .4

3.18

620

26408.4

3.12

621

26455.3

3.06

622

26502 . 3

2.99

623

26549.2

2.93

624

26596.2

2.87

625

26643. 1

2.80

626

26690.1

2.74

627

2673 7.0

2.68

628

26784. 0

2.62

629

26830.9

2.56

630

26877.9

2.50

631

26924.8

2.43

632

26971 .8

2.37

633

27018.7

2.31

634

27065.7

2.25

635

27112.6

2.19

636

27159.6

2.13

637

27206 . 5

2.07

638

27253.4

2.01

639

27300.4

1.95

640

27347.3

1.89

641

27394.3

1.83

642

27441 . 2

1.77

643

27488. 1

1.71

644

27535. 1

1.66

645

27582.0

1.60

646

27628.9

1.54

647

27675 . 9

1.48

648

27722.8

1.42

649

27769.7

1.37

650

27816.6

1.31

651

27863.6

1.25

652

2 7910.5

1.20

653

27957.4

1.14

654

28004.3

1.08

655

28051.2

1.03

656

28098. 1

0.97

657

28145. 1

0.92

658

28192.0

0.86

659

28238.9

0.81

660

28285.8

S dS /dT T

46.947 0.81 660

46.948 0.75 661

46.949 0.70 662

46.950 0.64 663

46.950 0.59 664

46.951 0.53 665

46.951 0.48 666

46.952 0.43 667
46.952 0.38 668

46.952 0.32 669

46.953 0.27 670
46.953 0.22 671
46.953 0.17 672
46.953 0.11 673
46.953 0.06 674

46.953 0.01 675

46.953 -0.04 676

46.953 -0.09 677

46.953 -0.14 678

46.953 -0.19 679

46.953 -0.24 680

46.953 -0.29 681

46.952 -0.34 682

46.952 -0.39 683

46.952 -0.44 684

46.951 -0.49 685

46.951 -0.53 686

46.950 -0,58 687

46.949 -0.63 688

46.949 -0.68 689

46.948 -0.72 690

46.947 -0.77 691

46.946 -0.82 692

46.946 -0.87 693

46.945 -0.91 694

46.944 -0.96 695

46.943 -1.00 696

46.942 -1.05 697

46.941 -1.09 698

46.940 -1.14 699

46.938 -1.18 700

46.937 -1.23 701

46,936 -1,27 702

46.935 -1.32 703

46.933 -1.36 704

46,932 -1.40 705

46.931 -1.45 706

46.929 -1.49 707

46.928 -1.53 708

46.926 -1.58 709

46.924 -1.62 710

46.923 -1.66 711

46.921 -1.70 712

46.919 -1.74 713

46.918 -1.79 714

46.916 -1.83 715

46.914 -1.87 716

46.912 -1.91 717

46.910 -1.95 718

46.908 -1.99 719

46.906 -2.03 720

E

s

dS/dT

fjLV/ U

nv/ 1/

28285.8

46.906

-2.03

28332.7

46.904

-2.07

28379.6

46.902

-2.11

28426.5

46.900

-2.15

28473.4

46.898

-2.19

28520.3

46.895

-2.23

28567.2

46.893

-2.27

28614. 1

46.891

-2.31

28661.0

46.889

-2 .34

28707.9

46.886

-2.38

28754.7

46.884

-2.42

28801.6

46.881

-2.46

2 8848, 5

46.879

-2 . 50

28895.4

46,876

-2.53

28942.3

46.874

-2.57

28989.1

46.871

-2 .61

29036.0

46.869

-2.65

2 9082.9

46 . 866

— 2.68

29129.7

46.863

-2.72

29176.6

46,861

-2.76

29223.5

46.858

-2.79

29270.3

46.855

-2.83

29317.2

46. 852

-2.87

29364.0

46.849

-2.90

29410.9

46.846

-2.94

29457.7

46.843

-2.97

29504.5

46.840

-3,01

29551.4

46.837

-3.04

29598.2

46.834

-3.08

29645. 1

46.831

-3.11

29691.9

46.828

-3.15

29738.7

46.825

-3.18

29785 . 5

46.822

-3 .22

29832.4

46.818

-3 .25

29879.2

46.815

-3.29

29926.0

46.812

-3 .32

29972.8

46.809

-3.36

30019.6

46.805

-3.39

30066.4

46.802

-3.43

30113.2

46.798

-3.46

30160.0

46.795

-3 .49

30206.8

46.791

-3.53

30253.6

46.788

-3.56

30300.4

46.784

-3.60

30347.2

46. 781

-3.63

30393.9

46.777

-3.66

30440.7

46.773

-3.70

30487.5

46.770

-3.73

30534.2

46.766

-3.76

30581.0

46.762

-3.80

30627.8

46. 758

-3.83

30674. 5

46.754

-3.86

30721.3

46.750

-3.90

30768.0

46.747

-3.93

30814.8

46,743

-3 .96

30861.5

46,739

-4.00

30908.2

46,735

-4.03

30955.0

46.731

-4.06

31001.7

46.726

-4.10

31048.4

46.722

-4.13

31095.2

46.718

-4.16

203

Table 8.5.2. Platinum, Pt-67, versus Type TN (or EN) thermoelements — thermoelectric voltages,
E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients,
dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

s

dS/dT

T

E

"C

"C

/A V

720

31095.2

46.718

-4. 16

780

33889.5

f £. 1

46 • 7 1 4

— 4.20

"7 0 1

722

31188.6

46.710

-4.23

782

33982.3

723

31235.3

46.706

-4.26

783

34028.7

724

31282.0

46. 701

-4.30

784

34075. 1

725

31328.7

46.697

-4.33

785

34121.5

726

31375.4

46.693

-4. 36

7 86

34167.8

727

31422.1

46.688

-4.40

787

34214.2

728

31468.8

46.684

-4.43

788

34260,6

729

31515.4

46.679

-4.46

789

34306.9

730

31562.1

46.675

-4.50

790

34353.3

7 31

31608.8

46 . 670

-4 .53

791

34399 . 6

732

31655.5

46.666

-4.56

792

34445.9

733

31702.1

46.661

-4.60

793

34492.2

734

31748.8

46.657

-4.63

794

34538.6

735

31795.4

46.652

-4.66

795

34584.9

736

3 1842 • 1

46 . 647

-4. 70

7 96

34631 . 2

737

31888.7

46.643

-4.73

797

34677.5

738

31935.4

46.638

-4.77

798

34723.8

739

31982.0

46.633

-4.80

799

34770.0

740

32028.6

46.628

-4.8 3

800

34816.3

74 1

32075 . 3

46 • 623

—4 .87

801

34862 . 6

742

32121.9

46.619

-4.90

802

34908.8

743

32168.5

46.614

-4.94

803

34955. 1

744

32215.1

46.609

-4.97

804

35001.3

745

32261.7

46.604

-5.01

805

35047.6

7 A

■J "? "3 n H

46.599

— 5 . 04

806

"5 t; n Q "3 fl

747

32354.9

46.594

-5.08

807

35140,0

748

32401.5

46.588

-5.11

808

35186.2

749

32448.1

46.583

-5.15

809

35232,5

750

32494.7

46.578

-5.18

810

35278,7

7 51

3 2 541.3

46 . 573

-5.22

811

3 5324,8

752

32587.8

46.568

-5.25

812

35371,0

753

32634.4

46.562

-5.29

813

35417.2

754

32680.9

46. 557

-5.33

814

35463.4

755

32727.5

46. 552

-5.36

815

35509.5

756

3 211 h , 1

46 . 546

-5.40

816

35555,7

757

32820.6

46.541

-5.44

817

35601.8

758

32867.1

46. 536

-5.47

818

35648.0

759

32913.7

46.530

-5.51

819

35694. 1

760

32960.2

46.525

-5.55

820

35740.2

761

3 3006.7

46 . 5 19

-5.58

821

35786 , 3

762

33053.2

46.513

-5.62

822

35832.4

763

33099.7

46. 508

-5.66

823

35878,5

764

33146.2

46. 502

-5.70

824

35924,6

765

33192.7

46.496

-5.73

825

35970,7

766

332 39.2

46 . 491

-5. 77

826

36016,8

767

33285.7

46.485

-5.81

827

36062,8

768

33332.2

46.479

-5.85

828

36108,9

769

33378.7

46.473

-5.89

829

36154,9

770

33425.2

46.467

-5.93

830

36201,0

7 71

33471 .6

46.461

-5.97

831

36247,0

772

33518.1

46.455

-6.01

832

36'293,0

773

33564.5

46.449

-6.05

833

36339,0

774

33611.0

46.443

-6.09

834

36385,0

775

33657.4

46.437

-6.13

835

36431,0

776

33703.8

46.431

-6.17

836

36477,0

777

33750.3

46.425

-6.21

837

36523,0

778

33796.7

46.418

-6.25

838

36568,9

779

33843. 1

46.412

-6.29

839

36614,9

780

33889.5

46.406

-6.33

840

36660,8

s

dS/dT

T

E

s

dS /dT

LLVf V>

11 V/

op

..V

nv/ L

46,406

-6.33

840

36660,8

45,941

-9.34

46 , 400

-6 . 38

841

367 06,8

45,931

-9 . 40

46,393

-6.42

842

36752,7

45,922

-9.45

46,387

-6.46

843

36798,6

45,912

-9.51

46,380

-6.50

844

36844,5

45,903

-9.57

46.374

-6.55

845

36890,4

45,893

-9.63

46.367

-6.59

846

36936 , 3

45 , 884

-9,69

46.361

-6.63

847

36982,2

45,874

-9,75

46.354

-6.68

848

37028,0

45,864

-9.80

46.347

-6.72

849

37073,9

45.854

-9,86

46.340

-6.76

850

37119,8

45.844

-9,92

46,334

-6.81

851

37165,6

45.834

-9,98

46,327

-6.85

852

37211.4

45.824

-10.04

46,320

-6.90

853

37257,2

45.814

-10.10

46,313

-6.94

854

37303, 1

45.804

-10.16

46,306

-6.99

855

37348,8

45.794

-10.22

46.299

-7.04

856

37394,6

45. 784

-10.28

46.292

-7.08

857

37440,4

45.773

-10.33

46.285

-7.13

858

37486,2

45,763

-10.39

46.278

-7.18

859

37531,9

45.753

-10.45

46.271

-7.22

860

37577,7

45.742

-10.51

46.263

-7.27

861

37623 , 4

45.732

-10.57

46,256

-7.32

862

37669,2

45.721

-10.63

46,249

-7.37

863

37714,9

45.710

-10.69

46,241

-7.42

864

37760,6

45.700

-10.75

46,234

-7.46

865

37806,3

45.689

-10.80

46,226

-7.51

866

37852 , 0

45 . 678

-10 . 86

46,219

-7.56

867

37897,6

45.667

-10.92

46,211

-7.61

868

37943,3

45.656

-10.98

46,204

-7.66

869

37988,9

45.645

-11.04

46, 196

-7.71

870

38034,6

45.634

-11.09

46, 188

-7.76

871

38080,2

45.623

-11 .15

46,180

-7.81

872

38125,8

45.612

-11.21

46.173

-7.86

873

38171.4

45.601

-11.27

46.165

-7.91

874

38217.0

45.589

-11,32

46. 157

-7.97

875

38262.6

45.578

-11,38

46. 149

-8.02

876

38308.2

45 . 567

- 1 1 , 43

46. 141

-8.07

877

38353.7

45.555

-11.49

46. 133

-8,12

878

38399.3

45,544

-11.55

46.124

-8,18

879

38444.8

45.532

-11,60

46.116

-8,23

880

38490.4

45.520

-11.65

46. 108

-8,28

881

38535,9

45.509

-11.71

46.100

-8,34

882

38581,4

45.497

-11.76

46.091

-8,39

883

38626,9

45.485

-11.82

46.083

-8.44

884

38672.3

45.473

-11.87

46,074

-8.50

885

38717.8

45.461

-11.92

46,066

-8.55

886

38763,3

45.450

-11.97

46,057

-8.61

887

38808.7

45.438

-12.02

46.049

-8.66

888

38854. 1

45.425

-12.07

46.040

-8.72

889

38399.6

45.413

-12.12

46.031

-8.77

890

38945.0

45.401

-12.17

46.022

-8.83

891

38990.4

45.389

-12.22

46.014

-8.88

892

39035,7

45.377

-12.27

46.005

-8.94

893

39081,1

45.364

-12.31

45.996

-9.00

894

39126,5

45.352

-12.36

45.987

-9.05

895

39171,8

45.340

-12,41

45.978

-9.11

896

39217,2

45.327

-12,45

45.968

-9.17

897

39262,5

45.315

-12,49

45.959

-9,22

898

39307,8

45.302

-12,54

45.950

-9,28

899

39353,1

45.290

-12.58

45,941 -9.34 900 39398.4 45.277 -12.62

204

Table 8.5.2. Platinum, Pt— 67, versus Type TN ( or EI\ ) thermoelements — thermoelectric voltages,
E(T), Seebeck coefficients, S(T), and first derivative of the Seebeck coefficients,
dS/dT, reference junctions at 0 °C — Continued

T

E

Of"

900

39398.4

901

39443.6

902

39488,9

903

39534. 1

904

39579.4

905

39624.6

906

39669.8

907

39715.0

908

39760.2

909

39805.3

910

39850.5

911

39895.6

912

39940 . 8

913

39985,9

914

40031.0

915

40076, 1

916

40121.2

917

40166.2

918

40211.3

919

40256.3

920

40301.3

921

40346.3

922

40391 ,3

923

40436.3

924

40481.3

925

40526,3

926

40571.2

927

40616 , 1

928

40661 . 1

929

40706.0

930

40750.9

931

40795.7

932

40840.6

933

40885.5

934

40930.3

935

40975.1

S dS/dT

45.277 -12.62

45.265 -12.66

45.252 -12.70

45.239 -12.74

45.226 -12.77

45.214 -12.81

45.201 -12.84

45.188 -12.88

45.175 -12.91

45,162 -12,94

45.149 -12.97

45.136 -13.00

45.123 -13.02

45.110 -13.05

45.097 -13.07

45.084 -13.10

45.071 -13.12

45.058 -13.14

45.045 -13.15

45.031 -13.17

45.018 -13.18

45.005 -13.19

44.992 -13.21

44.979 -13.21

44.965 -13.22

44.952 -13.23

44.939 -13,23

44.926 -13.23

44.913 -13.23

44,899 -13,22

44,886 -13,22

44,873 -13,21

44,860 -13.20

44.846 -13,19

44,833 -13,17

44,820 -13,15

T

E

935

40975. 1

936

41019.9

937

41064. 7

938

41109.5

939

41154.3

940

41199. 1

941

41243.8

942

41288.5

943

41333,3

944

41378.0

945

41422.7

946

41467.4

947

41512.0

948

41556.7

949

41601.3

950

41646.0

951

41690,6

9 5 2

41735 , 2

953

41779,8

954

41824,4

955

41868,9

956

41913.5

957

41958.0

958

42002.6

959

42047, 1

960

42091.6

961

42136, 1

962

42180,6

963

42225, 1

964

42269,5

965

42314.0

966

42358.4

967

42402.9

968

42447.3

969

42491.7

970 42536.1

S dS/dT

44.820 -13.15

44.807 -13.13

44.794 -13.11

44.781 -13.08

44.768 -13.05

44.755 -13.02

44.742 -12.99

44.729 -12.95

44.716 -12.91

44.703 -12,87

44.690 -12.82

44.677 -12.77

44.664 -12.72

44.652 -12.67

44.639 -12.61

44.627 -12.54

44.614 -12.48

44.602 -12.41

44.589 -12.33

44.577 -12.26

44.565 -12.18

44.553 -12.09

44.541 -12.00

44.529 -11.91

44.517 -11.81

44.505 -11.71

44.493 -11.61

44.482 -11.50

44.470 -11.38

44.459 -11.26

44.448 -11.14

44.437 -11.01

44.426 -10.88

44.415 -10.74

44.404 -10.60

44.394 -10.45

T E
°C /xV

970 42536.1

971 42580.5

972 42624.9

973 42669.2

974 42713.6

975 42757.9

976 42802.3

977 42846.6

978 42890.9

979 42935.2

980 42979.5

981 43023.8

982 43068.1

983 43112.4

984 43156.7

985 43200.9

986 43245.2

987 43289.4

988 43333.7

989 43377.9

990 43422.1

991 43466.3

992 43510.6

993 43554,8

994 43599,0

995 43643,2

996 43687.4

997 43731.5

998 43775.7

999 43819.9

1000 43864.1

s

dS/dT

nv/ \i

44. 394

-10.45

44.383

-10.30

44.373

-10.14

44. 363

-9.98

44.353

-9.81

44.344

-9.63

44.334

-9.45

44.325

-9.27

44.315

-9.08

44.306

-8.88

44.298

-8.67

44.289

-8.47

44.281

-8,25

44.273

-8,03

44.266

-7.80

44.257 -7.56

44.250 -7.32

44.242 -7.07

44.235 -6.82

44.229 -6.56

44.222 -6.29

44.216 -6.01

44.210 -5.73

44.205 -5.44

44.199 -5.14

44.194 -4.83

44.190 -4.52

44.185 ,-4.20

44.181 -3.87

44.178 -3.53

44.174 -3.18

205

Table 8.5.3. Thermoelectric values at the fixed points for platinum, Pt-67,
versus Type TN (or EN) thermoelements

Temp.

E

5

U.O/ U.1

Fixed point

°c

uV

n V / \j

Helium NBP

— 268.935

— 6276.21

1 .237

4,01 1 R
^y 1 . lO

n vHrncpTi TP

— 2S9 340

— fi944 17

•inf. n7

Hydrogen NBP

— 252.870

— 6202.43

7 .614

OOO . U 1

Neon TP

— 248.595

— 6166 69

Q OQQ

^4,1 4.1

Neon NBP

— 246 . 048

— 6142 42

Q Q^^O
^ . yoy

OOO . Ol

Oxygen TP

— 218.789

— 5762 .03

n .296

104, 90

Nitrogen TP

— 210.002

— 5603 14

18.806

1 '^l 09
J.OJ. . yjii

Nitrnppn NRP

— 1Q5 802

— 5322 69

90 'iR^

Oxygen NBP

— 182.962

— 5050 52

21 .766

R9 79

— 78 476

— 9410 33

98 AS!

■^0 1 1

Mercury FP

— 38.862

— 1236 95

30 744

"^fi R7

oU . O 1

Tpp nnint*

X l^V/ IJyj IILL

0 .000

0.0

39 RfiO

'I'l OR
OO . yO

Ether TP

XJ Liiy^i X X

26 870

896.7

33 030

4,A 'Ifi

^Tf . OVJ

Water BP

100 000

3504 2

37.395

Benzoic TP

122 370

4352 0

38.392

4.3 09

T?0 .

Indium FP

156.634

5691 .7

39.775

37.63

Tin FP

231 9681

8784 0

42 186

9fi 0^

Ziw . ^'O

Bismuth FP

271 442

10469 2

43 166

22.88

( anmiinn hP

321 108

1 2639 6

4.4, 901

IR 07

xo . y 1

Lead FP

327 502

12929 6

44 321

1ft "^3
xo . OO

Mfrrnrv BP

356 660

14929 5

4,4, R34,
**** . oot

Ifi 64.

XU . UTf

Zinc FP

419.580

17073.8

45 . 756

12.67

Sulphur BP

444 . 674

18225.8

46.053

11.02

Cu-Al FP

548.23

23041.3

46.827

3.94

Antimony FP

630 . 74

26912,6

46.947

-0.76

Aluminum FP

660.37

28303.1

46 . 905

-2.05

Silver F